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The overlapping problem occurs when a region of the dimensional data space is shared in a similar proportion by different classes. It has an impact on a classifier’s performance due to the difficulty in correctly separating the classes. Further, an imbalanced dataset consists of a situation in which one class has more instances than another, and this is another aspect that impacts a classifier’s performance. In general, these two problems are treated separately. On the other hand, Prototype Selection (PS) approaches are employed as strategies for selecting appropriate instances from a dataset by filtering redundant and noise data, which can cause misclassification performance. In this paper, we introduce Filtering-based Instance Selection (FIS), using as a base the Self-Organizing Maps Neural Network (SOM) and information entropy. In this sense, SOM is trained with a dataset, and, then, the instances of the training set are mapped to the nearest prototype (SOM neurons). An analysis with entropy is conducted in each prototype region. From a threshold, we propose three decision methods: filtering the majority class (H-FIS (High Filter IS)), the minority class (L-FIS (Low Filter IS)), and both classes (B-FIS). The experiments using artificial and real dataset showed that the methods proposed in combination with 1NN improved the accuracy, F-Score, and G-mean values when compared with the 1NN classifier without the filter methods. The FIS approach is also compatible with the approaches mentioned in the relevant literature.

Abstract Background The vaccinia virus (VACV) isolates, Guarani P1 virus (GP1V) and Passatempo virus (PSTV), were isolated during zoonotic outbreaks in Brazil. Each one of them belongs to two different VACV clades, defined by biological aspects that include virulence in mice and phylogenetic analysis. Considering that information about how vaccinia viruses from different groups elicit immune responses in animals is scarce, we investigated such responses in mice infected either by GP1V (group 2) or PSTV (group 1), using VACV Western Reserve strain (VACV-WR) as control. Methods The severity of the infections was evaluated in BALB/c mice considering diverse clinical signs and defined scores, and the immune responses triggered by GP1V and PSTV infections were analysed by immune cell phenotyping and intra-cytoplasmic cytokines detection. Results We detected a reduction in total lymphocytes (CD3 +), macrophages (CD14 +), and NK cells (CD3-CD49 +) in animals infected with VACV-WR or GP1V. The VACV-WR and GP1V viruses, belonging to the most virulent group in a murine model, were able to down-modulate the cell immune responses upon mice infection. In contrast, PSTV, a virus considered less virulent in a murine model, showed little ability to down-modulate the mice immune responses. Mice infected with VACV-WR and GP1V viruses presented significant weight loss and developed lesions in their spleens, as well as damage to liver and lungs whereas mice infected with PSTV developed only moderate clinical signs. Conclusions Our results suggest that VACV immunomodulation in vivo is clade-related and is proportional to the strain’s virulence upon infection. Our data corroborate the classification of the different Brazilian VACV isolates into clades 1 and 2, taking into account not only phylogenetic criteria, but also clinical and immunological data.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the perception of rheumatologists regarding the recommendations of the Brazilian Consensus for detection of Autoantibodies (BCA) on HEp-2 Cells by Indirect Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and how BCA recommendations help in clinical practice. Methodology A structured questionnaire regarding the BCA recommendations for detection and interpretations of autoantibodies in HEp-2 cells was applied to randomly selected rheumatologists. The results were tabulated using the Microsoft® Excel program, expressed as a simple percentage and the dichotomous data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Epi Info® program. Results Four hundred fuorteen rheumatologists participated in the study: 70% of them considered their knowledge of the HEp-2 IFA test satisfactory or excellent, and 43% said they knew the BCA recommendations in general, without distinguishing the edition of the BCA to which they refer. The Revista Brasileira de Rheumatologia/Advances in Rheumatology was the means of dissemination most consulted by specialists (50%). According to the rheumatologists’ opinion, the most relevant pattern was the homogeneous nuclear (78%) and 65% stated they were satisfied with the BCA recommendations at a level of satisfaction greater than or equal to 80%. There was no significant difference in the perception of rheumatologists from the several Brazilian geographic regions. Conclusion Brazilian rheumatologists are aware of the BCA guidelines and most are satisfied with the content published, considering that the BCA recommendations assist positively in the clinical practice. Most rheumatologists recognize the patterns associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and have used BCA recommendations to interpret the results of the HEp-2 IFA test.

Argumentation-based classroom interventions are a growing alternative for stimulating conceptual learning, thinking, and communicative skills. However, not all classroom argumentation is desired, nor does every argumentation design lead students to develop their abilities and understanding. In the educational literature, productive argumentation has been associated particularly with deliberation due to the design properties that deliberative practices demand from students, such as collaborating towards a goal, revising one's own opinion, listening to others, and changing their minds when it is necessary to arrive at a collective decision or problem resolution. We contend that what makes deliberation productive is not argumentation in itself, but how a certain type of design scaffolds students into virtuous-like behavior, which can be the enabling condition for productive argumentation in classroom activities. Through the exploration of three cases of classroom argumentation and discussion experiences, we hypothesize that virtuous-like behavior may serve as an enabling condition for each intervention. In particular, intellectually humble behaviors could be scaffolded within these interventions because all three create the proper environment for students to revise their own positions, listen carefully to others, and change their minds in light of appropriate reasoning or new evidence. Employing an intellectual virtues framework, advances our understanding of how to design classroom environments for productive argumentation. This paper thus presents a novel and pioneering approach to understanding argumentation in the classroom by incorporating the concept of intellectual virtues, bridging the gap between virtues and traditional research, and offering fresh perspectives on the field.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on acute-phase response in horses. Twenty horses were deprived of food for 48 h and others 12 animals (control) had free access to water and hay. They were closely monitored and examined, and blood samples were taken at the beginning (0) of the study and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours afterward. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The horses tolerated feed restriction without serious clinical complications. Feed restriction induced an increase in the acute-phase response by elevating serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin (24-38 h), ceruloplasmin (36-48 h), α1-antitrypsin (30-48 h), α1-acid glycoprotein (42-48 h) and haptoglobin (42-48 h). Nutrient deprivation raised the levels of circulating cortisol, which acts on the innate immune system, which then induces the acute-phase response. In conclusion, food restriction is a physical stressor for horses, capable of inducing an acute-phase protein reaction, characterized by increased production of α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin. Keywords: Equine; Feed restriction; Inflammation; Immune response; Proteins; Stress.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on acute-phase response in horses. Twenty horses were deprived of food for 48 h and others 12 animals (control) had free access to water and hay. They were closely monitored and examined, and blood samples were taken at the beginning (0) of the study and 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 hours afterward. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and statistical significance was P ≤ 0.05. The horses tolerated feed restriction without serious clinical complications. Feed restriction induced an increase in the acute-phase response by elevating serum concentrations of α2-macroglobulin (24-38 h), ceruloplasmin (36-48 h), α1-antitrypsin (30-48 h), α1-acid glycoprotein (42-48 h) and haptoglobin (42-48 h). Nutrient deprivation raised the levels of circulating cortisol, which acts on the innate immune system, which then induces the acute-phase response. In conclusion, food restriction is a physical stressor for horses, capable of inducing an acute-phase protein reaction, characterized by increased production of α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin. Keywords: Equine; Feed restriction; Inflammation; Immune response; Proteins; Stress.

La presente contribución se centra en el proyecto de recomposición del sistema lacustre de Guanacache, el cual prevé la construcción de seis azudes con el fin de restaurar el ciclo hidrológico sobre un sector de la cuenca del río Desaguadero en el límite fronterizo de las provincias de Mendoza y San Luis. El trabajo se enfoca en el primer tramo de la obra que fue inaugurado en 2014 dentro del área que ha sido declarada sitio Ramsar. Específicamente el objetivo radica en evaluar de forma integral los efectos de la obra desde una perspectiva biofísica y social a partir de la combinación de métodos. Por un lado, se calcula la superficie irrigada procesando imágenes satelitales con la plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE). Por otro, se toman datos obtenidos en base al trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en el área de estudio con pobladores y personal de guardaparques a lo largo de distintas estadías en 2017. Entre los resultados principales se destaca que la superficie irrigada detectada durante la temporada estival 2005-2006 fue de 43 has., mientras que para el periodo 2015-2016, dos años después de la ejecución de la obra hidráulica, se registraron 421 has., cubiertas por agua. Por su parte, los pobladores señalan cambios en el ambiente como mayor humedad, incremento en las precipitaciones y retorno de aves; pero, se presentan miradas confrontadas en torno a la “conservación” que se reflejan en los modos de habitar y concebir el ambiente.

Resumo Os anos de 2015 e 2016 foram marcados politicamente por movimentos de ocupações estudantis pelo Brasil, os quais pautavam a defesa da educação pública e tiveram a autogestão como grande marca organizativa. Este artigo objetiva abordar os processos de produção de potência de agir e saúde ético-política ocorridos durante ocupações estudantis paulistas nos anos de 2015 e 2016. O corpus de pesquisa foi construído por meio de entrevistas, grupos focais e observações participantes com estudantes de quatro cidades: São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Catanduva e Barretos. A partir da análise do material, evidencia-se que apesar de os participantes terem sido submetidos a processos de diminuição de potência de agir e a sofrimento ético-político durante os movimentos, lutaram em prol de ideais coletivos, partilha de identidades sociais, humor, espaços lúdicos etc.

Nas últimas décadas, pesquisas e documentos educacionais têm defendido que a inserção e a integração de práticas científicas e epistêmicas em salas de aula de Ciências podem favorecer a formação de cidadãos alfabetizados cientificamente. Nesse sentido, uma das abordagens de ensino que tem sido alvo de investigação é a Educação Científica Fundamentada em Modelagem, na qual estudantes são envolvidos em atividades de modelagem enquanto aprendem ciência, sobre ciência e a fazer ciência. Para tanto, é necessário que o professor desempenhe um papel fundamental no processo de ensino. No entanto, tivemos acesso a poucas pesquisas que buscam caracterizar os conhecimentos profissionais docentes de professores de Ciências relacionados a essa perspectiva em contextos regulares de ensino, sendo que os estudos existentes apresentam uma visão mais generalista. Em virtude disso, este estudo tem por objetivos: (i) identificar, caracterizar e analisar os conhecimentos profissionais docentes, manifestados nas trajetórias escolares, acadêmicas e profissionais de uma professora formadora da área de Educação Química em contextos específicos de Educação Científica Fundamentada em Modelagem delimitados por contextos envolvendo espaços e tempos amplos (várias situações contextuais de ensino e aprendizagem vivenciadas há mais de duas décadas); (ii) caracterizar um possível desenvolvimento de tais conhecimentos nos contextos de suas trajetórias; (iii) identificar, caracterizar e analisar os conhecimentos profissionais docentes manifestados na prática docente dessa professora em um curso para a promoção da Educação Científica Fundamentada em Modelagem. Para tanto, analisamos dados adquiridos a partir de: (i) gravação de uma entrevista inicial geral sobre os percursos escolares, acadêmicos e profissionais da professora, delimitados por contextos envolvendo espaços e tempos amplos; (ii) gravações de seis encontros nos quais uma sequência de atividades foi aplicada para futuros professores de Química de uma universidade pública federal, triangulados com entrevistas pré e pós-encontros com a professora; (iii) notas de campo originadas de observação dos encontros; e (iv) artefatos fornecidos pela professora. O Diagrama Modelo de Modelagem v2 foi usado como ferramenta orientadora da pesquisa e o Modelo Consensual Refinado de Conhecimentos Pedagógicos de Conteúdo foi utilizado como ferramenta analítica. Os resultados da análise evidenciam principalmente que (i) havia momentos em que a professora adquiria, mobilizava, ampliava e desenvolvia conhecimentos profissionais docentes de maneiras bastante diversificadas e influenciadas por diversos fatores, tais como crenças, filtros e amplificadores; e (ii) a professora mobilizou conhecimentos profissionais docentes em agrupamentos diversificados dependendo, por exemplo, de fatores contextuais específicos, filtros, amplificadores, influência dos licenciandos, contextos de ensino e aprendizagem, contextos de modelagem etc. Relacionamentos idiossincráticos entre a manifestação de conhecimentos profissionais docentes e filtros e amplificadores, assim como o próprio desenvolvimento desses conhecimentos foram observados e discutidos, subsidiando a proposição de novos conhecimentos na área. A partir das conclusões, apresentamos implicações deste estudo para a pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, analisamos criticamente os modelos orientadores e analíticos que utilizamos e apontamos contribuições tanto para a área de educação em ciências quanto para o campo específico de Conhecimentos Profissionais Docentes.

Resumen: Objetivo: describir la adopción, el alcance y la efectividad del Servicio de Telemedicina en un seguro de salud en el contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19. Diseño: estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: teleconsulta ambulatoria para adultos, pediatría y odontología. Participantes: 18.300 pacientes (5,7% de la población asegurada) fueron atendidos durante el primer año de pandemia. Mediciones principales: uso de las teleconsultas, distribución geográfica, sexo, edad de la población, tiempos de espera y atención, consultas exitosas y canceladas, motivos de consulta, equipamiento y recursos. Resultados: se analizaron 132.142 teleconsultas. En el primer trimestre de 2021, hay un incremento de 515% respecto al 2020. La población atendida consistió en adultos con edad promedio de 32 años (59% femenino). En pediatría, edad media 5,3 años (44% femenino). El ámbito geográfico es nacional, la mayoría fueron en Buenos Aires (50%), Capital Federal (18%) y Córdoba (10%). Los motivos de consulta más comunes fueron por la COVID-19, reabastecimiento de recetas, rinofaringitis y gastroenteritis. El tiempo medio de atención osciló entre 6 y 7 minutos, y el tiempo de espera 3 a 6 minutos. Hubo 86% de consultas exitosas y entre 7 y 11% canceladas por problemas de conectividad. Los pacientes calificaron la satisfacción con 4,5 puntos sobre 5. El equipo estuvo conformado por 97 médicos, que trabajaron con un coordinador médico en turnos. Conclusiones: las teleconsultas facilitaron la accesibilidad a la atención médica mostrando una tendencia creciente en la adopción y el alcance con alta efectividad y satisfacción. Los aportes durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 fueron de gran impacto. Se requieren investigaciones en torno a las políticas de acceso y seguridad. Abstract: Objective: To describe the adoption, scope, and effectiveness of the Telehealth Service launched by health insurance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient teleconsultation for adults, pediatrics and dentistry following a primary care approach. Participants: 18,300 patients (5.7% of insured population) were attended during the first year of the health emergency by COVID 19. Main measurements: number of teleconsultations, patients’ characteristics, geographical distribution, waiting and attention times, completed and canceled appointments, reasons for consultation, and resources. Results: A total of 132,142 teleconsultations were analyzed. In the first quarter of 2021, the interannual variation was 515% compared to 2020. The population served consisted of adults of average age of 32 years, (59% female). In pediatrics, the average age was 5.3 years (44% female). The geographical scope was national, most teleconsultations were in Buenos Aires (50%), Federal Capital (18%), and Córdoba (10%). The most common health problems were related to COVID-19, prescription refills, rhinopharyngitis, and gastroenteritis. Average attention times ranged from 6-7 minutes and waiting room time was 3 to 6 minutes. There were 86% of successful consultations and 7-11% of canceled consultations due to connection issues. On average, patients ranked the satisfaction with the service with 4.5 points on a scale out of 5. The team consisted of 97 doctors with a generalist training profile. Conclusions: The teleconsultations facilitated accessibility to primary healthcare and prompt resolution of queries with comprehensive national coverage. More research is needed to strengthen telemedicine access and safety policies.

Este artigo pretende verificar como, em Violeta se fue a los cielos (2011, Andrés Wood), a preocupação com o efeito da cidadã Violeta é, pelo menos, tão importante quanto o legado musical dela – diferentemente do que costuma acontecer na maioria das cinebiografias musicais feitas na América Latina, mais focadas na construção das carreiras e das capacidades artísticas das personalidades. Em diálogo com ideias de Marisol De La Cadena, Ariella Azoulay e Saidiya Hartman, o artigo se propõe a identificar e analisar, em Violeta se fue a los cielos, os instantes em que o destaque está menos na cantora-fenômeno que nas palavras, agenciadas por imagens, de quem tenta resistir ao gavilán, nas palavras que ela usa para defender o “pobre (que) dice no”.

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate the physiological parameters and development of passion fruit submitted to water stress and propagation methods. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 3x3 factorial arrangement, using methods of propagation (PM) of passion fruit, which are: the species Passiflora edulis propagated with seeds (PS); Passiflora edulis grafted on the Passiflora gibertii species propagated by seed (E x PS) and Passiflora edulis grafted on the Passiflora gibertii species propagated by cuttings (E x PE) and interacting with three irrigation intervals (I), which are irrigated with intervals of 4, 8 and 12 days, with four repetitions. The suspension of irrigations for eight days reduces the rate of CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance in passion fruit seedlings propagated by seeds and grafting. Passion fruit plants propagated by seeds show greater efficiency in the use of water than those grafted on P. gibertii. Passion fruit seedlings grafted onto seedlings obtained by cuttings or seeds have vigor to be propagated commercially.

Anthropic activities can seriously affect the health of the organisms inhabiting them, and the observation of any alteration in the reproduction of fish could be associated with the presence of endocrine disruptors. In this manuscript we have collected information on the adverse effects of pollutants (heavy metals, environmental steroids, and agrochemicals), present in Chascomús lake, Argentina, either at environmentally relevant and pharmacological concentrations on reproduction, embryonic development, and larval survival of pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis. During development, it has been reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) feminized and reduced larval survival, while 17α-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2) not only feminized but also affected both embryo and larval survival. In adult male fish, treatments with EE2 and E2 + EE2 were able to increase mRNA abundance of gnrh3 and cyp19a1b and decreased those of gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhcgr). Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and copper negatively affected sperm quality, diminishing the motility. Also, a decrease in the percentage of hatching rate and larval survival was also observed with the same metals, highlighting zinc as the most detrimental metal. Furthermore, all these metals altered the expression of hypothalamic and pituitary genes related to reproduction in male pejerrey (gnrh1,2,3; cyp19a1b; fshb; lhb; fshr and, lhcgr). Moreover, in all cases pyknotic cells, corresponding to the degeneration of the germ cells, were observed in the testes of exposed fish. For agrochemicals, exposure of male pejerrey to environmental concentrations of glyphosate did not cause alterations on the endocrine reproductive axis. However, male pejerrey with gonadal abnormalities such as the presence of intersex (testis-ova) gonads were found in other Pampa´s lakes with high concentrations of atrazine and glyphosate associated with soybean and corn crops near their coasts. These types of studies demonstrate that pejerrey, an endemic species with economic importance inhabiting the Pampas shallow lakes, can be used as a sentinel species. It should be noted that increased pollution of aquatic ecosystems and the effects on the reproduction of organisms can lead to a decline in fish populations worldwide. Which, added to overfishing and other external factors such as global warming, could cause an eventual extinction of an emblematic species.

En este artículo se presenta una refexión derivada de la investigación: Léxico juvenil y Pedagogía alternativa en la Educación Media. Implicaciones flosófcas. Constituye una mirada pedagógica a partir de los resultados del análisis de un corpus lexical y las concepciones del mundo educativo, social y discursivo, experimentado por los estudiantes de tres instituciones públicas en Pereira-Risaralda. A partir de los resultados, el objetivo de este trabajo es proponer una refexión sobre cuatro características emergentes de la pedagogía, fundamentada en la visión flosófca premetafísica y posmetafísica, por un lado, y en el enfoque pedagógico crítico, por el otro. Se asume la importancia de la perspectiva juvenil y el compromiso docente en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, tanto en tiempos de educación presencial como remota. Se concluye en la necesidad imperiosa de implicar los discursos flosófcos poco privilegiados en la historia educativa de occidente, en tanto establecen nociones edifcadoras para la pedagogía crítica contemporánea, que, en todo caso, puede aplicarse en ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales o virtuales, tanto en tiempos de “normalidad social” como en tiempos de pandemia.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to analyze the seasonal distribution of the nematode Hedruris dratini parasitizing the South American Snake-necked turtle Hydromedusa tectifera and the amphipod Hyalella spp. in an urban stream. We focused on understand which strategies parasite population displays to get through the host’s hibernation period. Results The highest prevalence and abundance of H. dratini were found in summer. The parasitic load was lower in winter, however there were no significant differences when it was compared with autumn and spring. Generalized linear model identified the temperature as a determining factor for the presence of parasites in turtles. Conclusions Our results indicate that, beside turtles enter in a diapause state, the life cycle of H. dratini never stop throughout the year, being a continuous transmission between both the intermediate and final host throughout the year. Turtles feed and become infected with parasite larvae even in winter although with a lower ingestion rate.

Abstract Background Supracricoid partial laryngectomy has good oncologic results in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer with the advantage of preserving larynx phonatory function when compared with total laryngectomy. However the rehabilitation could be a challenge, especially regarding swallowing function. Is supracricoid partial laryngectomy associated with better quality of life than total laryngectomy? Methods Survey study that included 33 patients (16 total laryngectomy and 17 supracricoid partial laryngectomy) with advanced larynx cancer surgically treated and fully rehabilitated. The quality of life were evaluated with EORTC QLQ C30 and H&N 35 instrument. Results Patients who underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy obtained better scores in global health status-quality of life and general activities and had lower levels of sensory and speech-related symptoms. Conclusion SPL was associated with better quality of life when compared with TL. Graphical abstract

The use of agricultural mechanization allowed for more efficient cultivation practices in crops. We aimed to evaluate the quality of the soil tillage operation with an offset disc harrow at three displacement speeds using the Statistical Process Control (SPC). The speeds were 3, 4 and 5 km h-1. It´s was used a brandNew Holland tractor, model 7630, with 80 kW (108 CV) engine power, coupled at leveling harrow. The operational field capacity and the effective field yield were evaluated as indicators of soil tillage operation quality. The operational field capacity acquired a stable process at all speeds. The effective field yield gained process instability when worked with 3 km h-1. The approach of Statistical Process Control in the soil preparation allowed the identification of unstable points in the effective field yield for a speed of 3 km h-1. The existence of variability in the effective field yield does not compromise the stability of the soil tillage operation with an offset disc harrow at the three speeds. The operational field capacity and the effective field yield show less variability in the speed of 3 km h-1.

The adoption of diversified agricultural systems that employ integrated cultural practices appears to be the way to sustainably intensify tropical agriculture. Our objectives were to evaluate the dry matter (DM) accumulation of sorghum inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, with or without a nitrogen fertilization split, intercropped with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás), and how these practices influenced the nutrition and development of soybean in succession. The design was a randomized complete block in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial, consisting of sorghum monoculture cropped or intercropped with palisade grass, sorghum either inoculated or not with A. brasilense, and nitrogen applied at 120 kg ha−1 N only at sowing, only at topdressing, or split—30% at sowing and 70% at topdressing at the beginning of the panicle initiation stage. The residual impacts of these treatments on the following soybean crop were also evaluated. Higher DM yield occurred in sorghum inoculated with A. brasilense, however, this result varied by year. The sorghum–palisade grass intercrop produced a higher amount of straw than sorghum monoculture. The nutrition of soybean was adequate regardless of treatments, but grain yield was higher when the sorghum residue was inoculated. The inoculation of A. brasilense in sorghum intercropped with palisade grass increased yield. The nutrition of soybean was adequate regardless of the treatments, while grain yield was higher on the inoculated sorghum residues. The inoculation of A. brasilense in sorghum intercropped with palisade grass increased DM yield. The intercropping increased the production of biomass for animal grazing and DM for soil coverage. The inoculation of sorghum by A. brasilense and its intercropping with palisade grass contributed to higher soybean yield in succession.

The assessment of seasonal streamflow forecasting is essential for appropriate water resource management. A suitable seasonal forecasting system requires the evaluation of both numerical weather prediction (NWP) and hydrological models to represent the atmospheric and hydrological processes and conditions in a specific region. In this paper, we evaluated the ECMWF-SEAS5 precipitation product with four hydrological models to represent seasonal streamflow forecasts performed at hydropower plants in the Legal Amazon region. The adopted models included GR4J, HYMOD, HBV, and SMAP, which were calibrated on a daily scale for the period from 2014 to 2019 and validated for the period from 2005 to 2013. The seasonal streamflow forecasts were obtained for the period from 2017 to 2019 by considering a daily scale streamflow simulation comprising an ensemble with 51 members of forecasts, starting on the first day of every month up to 7 months ahead. For each forecast, the corresponding monthly streamflow time series was estimated. A post-processing procedure based on the adjustment of an autoregressive model for the residuals was applied to correct the bias of seasonal streamflow forecasts. Hence, for the calibration and validation period, the results show that the HBV model provides better results to represent the hydrological conditions at each hydropower plant, presenting NSE and NSElog values greater than 0.8 and 0.9, respectively, during the calibration stage. However, the SMAP model achieves a better performance with NSE values of up to 0.5 for the raw forecasts. In addition, the bias correction displayed a significant improvement in the forecasts for all hydrological models, specifically for the representation of streamflow during dry periods, significantly reducing the variability of the residuals.

Levulinic acid and its esters are close to being extensively produced through consolidated industrial processes, thus playing a central role in biobased industries producing commodities within the principles of the circular economy. One of the main pathways of levulinic acid and ester valorization is their transformation with hydrogen to obtain γ-valerolactone, valeric esters, 1,4-pentanediol and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran. These reactions are catalyzed by noble and non-noble metal-based heterogeneous catalysts. The use of an abundant and non-toxic element, such as copper, is advantageous with respect to expensive or harmful metals, such as Rh, Ru, Pt or Ni. In this critical review, we wish to give a deeper insight into research advancements in the last ten years regarding the processing of levulinic acid and its esters with hydrogen using heterogeneous copper catalysts.

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation rat model was used to study the effects of ouabain (OUA) at low concentrations, which can interact with the Na,K-ATPase, causing the modulation of intracellular signalling pathways in the Central Nervous System. Our study aimed to analyse the effects of OUA on glutamate transport in the hippocampus of rats with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: OUA (1.8 µg/kg), saline (CTR), LPS (200 µg/kg), and OUA + LPS (OUA 20 min before LPS). The animals were sacrificed after 2 h, and the hippocampus was collected for analysis. After treatment, we determined the activities of Na,K-ATPase and glutamine synthetase (GS). In addition, expression of the α1, α2, and α3 isoforms of Na,K-ATPase and the glutamate transporters, EAAT1 and EAAT2, were also analysed. Treatment with OUA caused a specific increase in the α2 isoform expression (~20%), whereas LPS decreased its expression (~22%), and treatment with OUA before LPS prevented the effects of LPS. Moreover, LPS caused a decrease of approximately 50% in GS activity compared with that in the CTR group; however, OUA pre-treatment attenuated this effect of LPS. Notably, it was found that treatment with OUA caused an increase in the expression of EAAT1 (~30%) and EAAT2 (~25%), whereas LPS caused a decrease in the expression of EAAT1 (~23%) and EAAT2 (~25%) compared with that in the CTR group. When treated with OUA, the effects of LPS were abrogated. In conclusion, the OUA pre-treatment abolished the effect caused by LPS, suggesting that this finding may be related to the restoration of the interaction between FXYD2 and the studied membrane proteins.

Abstract Background The identification of central sensitization (CS) is an important aspect in the management of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Several methods have been developed, including clinical indicators and psychophysical measures. However, whether clinical indicators coincide with the psychophysical test of CS-related sign and symptoms is still unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical indicators in identifying CS-related sign and symptoms in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Methods One-hundred consecutive patients with musculoskeletal pain were included. Clinical indicators (index method) based on a combination of patient self-report pain characteristics and physical examination were used to identify the phenotype of patients with musculoskeletal pain and the predominance of the CS-related sign and symptoms. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was assessed by the Cold Pressor Test (reference standard), which is a psychophysical test used to detect impairment of CPM. Measurements of the diagnostic accuracy were performed. Results Twenty-seven patients presented predominance of CS-related sign and symptoms in the assessment of the clinical indicators, and 20 had impairment of CPM. Clinical indicators showed high accuracy (75.0%; 95% confidence interval = 65.3 to 83.1), high specificity (80.0%; 95% confidence interval = 69.6 to 88.1), high negative predictive value (87.7%; 95% confidence interval = 81.2 to 92.1), and a relevant positive likelihood ratio (2.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.5 to 5.0) when compared to the Cold Pressor Test. Conclusion Clinical indicators demonstrated a valuable tool for detecting the impaired CPM, which is a remarkable feature of the CS-related sign and symptoms. Clinicians are encouraged to use the clinical indicators in the management of patients with musculoskeletal pain.

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad problematizar la relación entre género y performance en las dramaturgias del NOA. Consideramos la figura de la travesti, por su proliferación en las dramaturgias de la región, como una representación atravesada por tensiones ante las cuales cada texto dramático se posiciona. Adoptamos una perspectiva sociocrítica para dar cuenta de las múltiples formas en que las dramaturgias inscriben el ideosema de la travesti y analizamos los límites y posibilidades del mismo. Para tal fin, se toma como objeto de análisis el ideosema de la travesti en tres textos dramáticos: Hey there (2014) de Luis Caram, Hay cadáveres (2015) de Lucila Lastero, Indésirables (2018) de Nicolás Pecci. Concluimos que el teatro es un dispositivo de género capaz de poner en crisis categorías y visiones patriarcales sobre los cuerpos y las identidades.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive program in athletes of the elite beach volleyball. Method: this is a case series study of seventeen athletes from Brazilian beach volleyball team, between 15 and 20 years. Information about demographic and anthropometric data, and information about hours of practice and number of physiotherapy sessions were obtained in the medical records. The intervention program was performed for 12 weeks, including exercises for the joint complex of the shoulder and lower limbs. The severity of the injury and the functional tests (glenohumeral internal rotation, dynamic valgus, posterior chain flexibility, and vertical jump) was used as outcome measures. The pre and post-intervention outcome were compared. Results: the preventive program showed a low injury rate (1.37/1000 hours). The functional tests showed contradictory results in post-intervention evaluation. The left shoulder internal rotation (before=80º versus after=86º, p=0.024) and posterior chain flexibility (before=30º versus after=33,1º, p=0,090) showed improvement. There was no change in dynamic knee valgus (before p=0.305, after p=0.894) and vertical jump (before=300 cm versus after=296 cm, p=0.12). Conclusion: the preventive program performed showed a low injury rate and the functional tests do not show a significant improvement in post-intervention evaluation.

Phosphoric rock is the main source of phosphorus used in fertilizers. In most cases, it is applied alone or mixed with other nutrients in water; however, its low solubility means that it is not used efficiently, causing excess phosphorus to be wasted. As a result, it generates economic expenses to the farmer, or causing problems of eutrophication in water sources. In this article, different mixtures of solubilizing fungi with coffee pulp stillage were studied to improve phosphates’ solubility in phosphate rock. Despite that in different studies is clear the fungi’s role in P solubilization, its application on soils is still made without any additional treatment. Phosphoric rock samples were obtained from the municipality of Aipe (Huila) and were treated for 6 weeks with coffee pulp stillage (Coffea arabica) and inoculums of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp, pH and temperature controlled. The fungus species were obtained from environmental media on PDA culture, then it was isolated and identified on MEA culture according to standard morphologic identification methods. Aspergillus niger showed greater mycelial growth in the stillage and a higher concentration of phosphates dissolved in the aqueous phase (72 ± 31 M) compared to Penicillium sp. The mixture of the two fungi in the treatments allowed to obtain the highest percentage of phosphates (17.8% of the phosphate soluble in H2SO4 40% v / v).

Battery management systems are used to monitor power batteries in electric vehicles and solar power systems. They control the charge and discharge, identity and correct many problems in these batteries. Nowadays, measurements on each cell or stack of cells, which compose the battery, are necessary to ensure the safety and integrity of the system, because the battery cells degrade unequally since they are not built identically. A new methodology is presented in this work, for identification cells with finished life cycle in batteries parallel cells associations, without using temperature measurements, cell monitoring and State of Health estimators, through Support Vector Machines and Wavelet Transform. The proposed method opens possibilities for a new strategy of battery management in electric vehicles, inserting Battery Management System in the charging stations and allowing more sophisticated diagnoses.

The herbicide Tebuthiuron (TBH) is widely used to weed control in sugar cane and cotton crops. However, TBH when applied to the soil is prone to the leaching process due to its high solubility, reaching soil layers below the required control zone. Here, we present a new insight for controlled-release of TBH herbicide by using a microparticulate system on the weed plants of difficult control. For this purpose, calcium alginate (Ca-ALG) microparticles containing the TBH herbicide were developed as a strategy to reduce the groundwater contamination, caused by the mobility of the herbicide element. The obtained results are innovative since demonstrates potential application in controlled-release as well as efficiency on the weed species control of Digitaria horizontalis (Willd) and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell weed species in pre-emergence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v12i4.1552

ABSTRACT Objective To determine whether the size of thyroid nodules in ACR-TIRADS ultrasound categories 3 and 4 is correlated with the Bethesda cytopathology classification. Methods Thyroid nodules (566) subclassified as ACR-TIRADS 3 or 4 were divided into three size categories according to American Thyroid Association guidelines. The frequency of different Bethesda categories in each size range within ACR-TIRADS 3 and 4 classifications was analyzed. Results Most nodules in both ACR-TIRADS classifications fell in the Bethesda 2 category, regardless of size (90.8% and 68.6%, ACR-TIRADS 3 and 4 respectively). The prevalence of Bethesda 6 nodules in the ACR-TIRADS 4 group was 14 times higher than in the ACR-TIRADS 3 group. There were no significant differences between nodule size and fine needle aspiration biopsy classification in any of the ACR-TIRADS categories. Conclusion Size does not appear to be an important criterion for indication of fine needle aspiration biopsy in thyroid nodules with a high suspicion of malignancy on ultrasound examination.

Com a avanço das resoluções espaciais e temporais das imagens de satélite, ocorre aumento da demanda por produtos cartográficos com escala maiores. Para a cartografia, o aumento de resolução significa a possibilidade de se detectar os limites dos objetos que se quer mapear com maior precisão. Quando se observa um produto cartográfico vetorial, todas as feições representadas, são regiões que apresentam alguma característica que as diferenciam do “continuum” ao seu redor. Porém, várias das feições com as quais os cartógrafos trabalham no dia a dia, carecem de limites geométricos bem definidos, nítidos. Linhas litorâneas, Biomas em geral, Zonas de Risco, Frente Frias, Zonas de Criminalidade etc., são exemplos de feições que necessitam ser mapeadas, mas devido a suas características, apresentam desafios para serem modeladas geometricamente. Neste trabalho será apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica, apoiada por diversos exercício conceituais, com o objetivo de mostrar como a incerteza posicional dos limites das feições geográficas afeta o processo cartográfico (da coleta à representação), e como uma classificação destes limites e também dos tipos de incertezas associadas, pode ajudar no melhor entendimento e tratamento da informação geoespacial.

Abstract Thiazolidinedione, often shortened to TZD or glitazone, helps lower insulin resistance, which is the underlying problem for many people with type 2 diabetes. The two most known glitazones are pioglitazone (PGZ), with the brand name medicine Actos®, and rosiglitazone (RSG), which is Avandia®. This study presented a multivariate optimization in the microextraction procedure employing Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) combined with Desirability Function (DF) to determine TZD and metabolites in biological samples. Microextraction requires several parameters to be optimized; however, most of them still use univariate optimization. Finding optimum conditions by simple response is relatively simple, but the problems, in case of microextractions, are often more complex when it has more responses. For example, changing one factor that promotes one response may suppress the effect of the others. Thus, this multivariate optimization was applied for two bioanalytical methods for determination of TZD and metabolites, one by HPLC and other by CE, both using Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction (HF-LPME). The results establish the optimal values and elucidate how the factors that affect HF-LPME procedure perform in extraction efficiency for TZDs. Additionally, this study demonstrates that DF can be an important tool to optimize microextraction procedures.

En este artículo se realiza una comparación entre Ada Colau, alcaldesa de Barcelona, e Isabel Díaz Ayuso, presidenta de la Comunidad de Madrid, a lo largo de cuatro variables: 1) tipo de habilidades de liderazgo que comunican; 2) el grado de personalismo de su comunicación; 3) las técnicas de comunicación preferidas para dar a conocer información y sus acciones de gobierno, y 4) los temas a los que dan prioridad en sus agendas políticas. Esas cuatro variables independientes, consideradas en conjunto, brindan pistas acerca de las características de sus estilos de liderazgo, que es la variable dependiente que nos interesa explorar. Los resultados evidencian que estas lideresas varían en las habilidades de liderazgo que privilegian comunicar, así como en las técnicas de comunicación política que utilizan a la hora de posicionar sus agendas y el trabajo que realizan. Esto brinda elementos para cuestionar las posturas que intenten unificar la descripción de los liderazgos de las mujeres bajo una visión uniforme, esencialista y estereotipada.

O percevejo-marrom-da-soja, Euschistus heros, destaca-se como uma das principais pragas da cultura da soja. Neste contexto, é fundamental realizar amostragens para verificar a densidade populacional da espécie, pois tal procedimento, auxilia na tomada de decisão de controle. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica populacional de Euschistus heros na cultura soja. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade Quirinópolis (FAQUI), no município de Quirinópolis-GO, sendo instalado em uma área total de 3.000 m², subdivididas em 30 parcelas de 100 m² (10 m x 10 m), cada subárea foi considerada uma unidade amostral, onde foram realizadas as avaliações semanais do percevejo E. heros. A cultivar de soja utilizada foi a Bônus IPRO 8579 de ciclo precoce, com espaçamento entre linhas de 0,5 m e 9 plantas por metro. As amostragens foram realizadas pelo método do pano de batida. Em cada unidade amostral (100 m2 de área), foram examinados cinco pontos amostrais/batidas de pano. As avaliações foram realizadas de V4 (terceira folha trifoliolada completamente desenvolvida), até R7 (início da maturação). O estudo da flutuação populacional foi obtido com o número médio de ninfas e adultos de E. heros. Foram elaboradas figuras para demonstrar a flutuação populacional entre os dados médios de infestação de E. heros e o estádio fenológico da cultura, sendo que a influência dos fatores meteorológicos foi analisada por meio da análise de regressão múltipla através do software AgroEstat. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os fatores meteorológicos não influenciaram na densidade populacional. A infestação de ninfas < 0,5 cm iniciou-se no estádio fenológico R4, com pico populacional atingido em R6 aos 99 DAE. Em relação as ninfas > 0,5 cm e percevejos > 0,5 cm, observou-se um comportamento semelhante, neste contexto, a infestação inicia-se aos 64 DAE em R4, com crescimento populacional até o início da maturação em R7. O pico populacional de adultos ocorreu aos 106 DAE, no estádio fenológico R7. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se maior densidade populacional de E. heros no estádio fenológico R6 e R7 da cultura da soja.

Cardiac cells depend on specific sarcolemmal ion transporters to assure the correct intracellular pH regulation. The sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) is one of the major alkalinizing mechanisms. In the heart two different NBC isoforms have been described: the electroneutral NBCn1 (1Na+:1HCO3-) and the electrogenic NBCe1 (1Na+:2HCO3-). NBCe1 generates an anionic repolarizing current that modulates the action potential duration (APD). In addition to regulating the pH, the NBC is a source of sodium influx. It has been postulated that NBC could play a role in the development of hypertrophy. The aim of this research was to study the contribution of NBCe1 in heart electrophysiology and in the development of heart hypertrophy in an in vivo mouse model with overexpression of NBCe1. Heart NBCe1 overexpression was achieved by a recombinant cardiotropic adeno-associated virus (AAV9) and was evidenced by western-blot and qPCR. AAV9-mCherry was used as a transduction control. NBCe1 overexpression fails to increase heart growth. Patch clamp and electrocardiogram were performed. We observed a reduction on both, ventricular myocytes APD and electrocardiogram QT interval corrected by cardiac rate, emphasizing for the first time NBCe1 relevance for the electrical activity of the heart.

Background Currently, 58 species are assigned to the genus Allobates, with 70% of its diversity described just in the last two decades, with many additional species likely unnamed. The continuous description of these new species represents a fundamental step for resolving the taxonomy and ensuring the future conservation of the genus. Methods Using molecular, acoustic, and morphological evidences, we describe a new species of Allobates from Teles Pires River region, southern Amazonia, and provide accounts on the population of A. tapajos found sympatrically with the new species. Results The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the coloration of thighs, venter, dorsum, and dark lateral stripe. It has four types of calls, with advertisement calls formed by relatively long trills with a mean duration of 2.29 s ± 0.65, mean of 39.93 notes ± 11.18 emitted at a mean rate of 17.49 ± 0.68 notes per second, and mean dominant frequency of 5,717 Hz ± 220.81. The genetic distance between the new species and its congeners in a fragment of the 16S mitochondrial fragment ranged between 13.2% (A. carajas) to 21.3% (A. niputidea). The sympatric Allobates population fits its morphology and acoustic with the nominal A. tapajos, but presents a relatively high genetic distance of nearly 6.5%, raising questions on the current taxonomy of this species.

The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.