591 results on '"Kingsley M"'
Search Results
202. Before Sitting Bull.
- Author
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BRAY, KINGSLEY M.
- Abstract
The article discusses the political history of the Hunkpapa Native American peoples from 1750 to 1867. The author describes the Hunkpapa as a warlike division of the Sioux, or Lakota, tribe. Emphasis is given to the development of a culture of resistance in relation to U.S. Indian relocation. The social structure of the Hunkpapa band is discussed. The group formed an alliance with the Cheyennes. Various Hunkpapa tribal ceremonies, rites, and rituals are described, such as the Sun Dance. The actions of Hunkpapa leader Little Bear are detailed.
- Published
- 2010
203. Is there evidence of increased pup production in northwest Atlantic harp seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus ?
- Author
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Stenson, G. B., Hammill, M. O., Kingsley, M. C. S., Sjare, B., Warren, W. G., and Myers, R. A.
- Subjects
PARTURITION grounds ,HARP seal - Abstract
Photographic and visual surveys of the whelping (pupping) concentrations off eastern Newfoundland (“Front”) and in the Gulf of St Lawrence (“Gulf”) were conducted during March 1994 to determine whether pup production of Northwest Atlantic harp seals has increased since the decline in hunting during the mid-1980s and early 1990s. Photographic counts were corrected for misidentified pups by comparing multiple readings of photographs made by two or more readers. Survey estimates were also corrected for pups absent from the ice at the time of the survey using the occurrence of distinct age-related developmental stages. Multiple estimates were available for three of the ten whelping concentrations. Pup production was estimated to be 446 700 (s.e.=57 200) at the Front, 57 600 (s.e.=13 700) in the northern Gulf and 198 600 (s.e.=24 200) in the southern Gulf (Magdalen Island) for a total of 702 900 (s.e.=63 600). This result is greater than estimates obtained in the late 1970s and early 1980s using mark-recapture techniques. The 1994 estimate can be compared directly with the 1990 estimate of pup production (578 000, s.e.=38 800) which was obtained using similar aerial survey methods. The null hypothesis of no increase in pup production (one-tail t-test) was rejected (p=0.03) indicating that pup production has increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. Caregiving in Alzheimer Dementia
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Internal Medicine ,MEDLINE ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,Disease ,Alzheimer's disease ,business ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry ,Alzheimer dementia ,Home nursing - Abstract
To the Editors: Alzheimer disease is the most devastating disease of the 1990s because it destroys not only the patient but at least one caretaker. The destruction is slow—almost without end. Even ...
- Published
- 1991
205. The RAF Regiment at War, 1942–1946
- Author
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Kingsley M. Oliver and Kingsley M. Oliver
- Subjects
- World War, 1939-1945--Campaigns, World War, 1939-1945--Aerial operations, British
- Abstract
Born out of necessity in the dark days of the War, the RAF Regiment found itself in the thick of the action supporting the vital operations in all theaters. This comprehensive record of their operations gives the clearest indication of the contribution that the Regiment made and includes many first hand accounts of the fighting, including the first shooting-down of a jet aircraft, the Me 262A-2a Sturmvogel in November 1944. As a result of their outstanding contributions to the success of RAF operations in WW2, the Regiment became a permanent part of the RAF. This is the official history of the RAF Regiment from its foundation 60 years ago to the aftermath of hostilities.
- Published
- 2002
206. Agent Orange Toxicity: a Quantitative Perspective.
- Author
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Stevens, Kingsley M.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Genetic variation of the St. Lawrence beluga whale population assessed by DNA fingerprinting.
- Author
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White, B. N., Beland, P., Kingsley, M., Patenaude, N. J., and Quinn, J. S.
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DNA fingerprinting ,BIOLOGICAL variation - Published
- 1994
208. The current epidemiological status of urogenital schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Katsina State, Nigeria: An imperative for a scale up of water and sanitation initiative and mass administration of medicines with Praziquantel.
- Author
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Tolulope Ebenezer Atalabi, Stephen Dumebi Adoh, and Kingsley Marvin Eze
- Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Human schistosomiasis, a debilitating and chronic disease, is among a set of 17 neglected tropical infectious diseases of poverty that is currently posing a threat to the wellbeing of 2 billion people in the world. The SHAWN/WASH and MAM programmes in the study area require epidemiological data to enhance their effectiveness. We therefore embarked on this cross-sectional study with the aim of investigating the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of urogenital schistosomiasis.Interviewed 484 respondents produced terminal urine samples (between 10.00h - 14.00h) which were analyzed with Medi ─Test Combi 10 and centrifuged at 400 r.p.m for 4 minutes using C2 series Centurion Scientific Centrifuge. Eggs of S. haematobium were identified with their terminal spines using Motic Binocular Microscope. Data were analyzed with Epi Info 7. In this study, the overall prevalence and arithmetic mean intensity of the infection were 8.68% (6.39─ 11.64) and 80.09 (30.92─129.28) eggs per 10ml of urine respectively. Urogenital schistosomiasis was significantly associated with knowledge about the snail host (χ2 = 4.23; P = 0.0398); water contact activities (χ2 = 25.788; P = 0.0001), gender (χ2 = 16.722; P = 0.0001); age (χ2 = 9.589; P = 0.0019); economic status of school attended (χ2 = 4.869; P = 0.0273); residence distance from open water sources (χ2 = 10.546; P = 0.0012); mothers' occupational (χ2 = 6.081; P = 0.0137) and educational status (χ2 = 4.139; P = 0.0419).The overall prevalence obtained in this survey shows that the study area was at a low-risk degree of endemicity for urogenital schistosomiasis. Beneath this is a subtle, latent and deadly morbidity-inducing heavy mean intensity of infection, calling for urgent implementation of WHO recommendation that MAM with PZQ be carried out twice for School-Age Children (enrolled or not enrolled) during their primary schooling age (once each at the point of admission and graduation). The criteria for classifying endemic areas for schistosomiasis should also be reviewed to capture the magnitude of mean intensity of infection rather than prevalence only as this may underplay its epidemiological severity.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. Content of, and incorporation of P32 into, the nucleic acids of the liver, spleen, and lymphosarcomatous tissue of man.
- Author
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Stevens, Kingsley M. and STEVENS, K M
- Published
- 1952
- Full Text
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210. PRODUCTION OF INCOMPLETE INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE DEEMBRYONATED EGG.
- Author
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Burnet, F. M., Lind, Patricia E., and Stevens, Kingsley M.
- Abstract
With repeated passage of influenza virus WS -- in deembryonated eggs using large inocula, highly incomplete virus develops and passage fails after 4-7 transfers. Experiments to determine the first cycle haemagglutinin yield from a graded series of inoeula have been made with virus of different degrees of incompleteness. The results show that many virus preparations have a much greater power to produce first cycle haemagglutinin than to give conventional evidence of infectivity. Evidence that this is not due to multiplicity reactivation is provided by comparison with heated material in which multiplicity reactivation probably does occur. Incomplete virus can contribute genetic characters to recombinants produced from double infection with an appropriate active virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1955
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- View/download PDF
211. THE EFFECT OF DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID INHIBITORS UPON THE REPLICATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS.
- Author
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Stevens, Kingsley M.
- Abstract
Concentrations of nitrogen mustard and amounts of X-ray which would markedly inhibit DNA synthesis had no effect upon the haemagglutinin titres of strain MEL of influenza A virus when grown in de-embryonated eggs. It is concluded that DNA synthesis is unnecessary for the replication of influenza A virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1954
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212. Some Observations on The Vocational Interests of Gifted Adolescents in an Intensive Summer Academic Experience.
- Author
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Smith, Louis M. and Wientge, Kingsley M.
- Subjects
VOCATIONAL guidance ,TEENAGERS ,OCCUPATIONS ,VOCATIONAL rehabilitation ,EDUCATION ,CHEMISTRY ,BIOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents information on vocational interests of gifted adolescents. The problem with which this research deals, like many educational problems, has several important practical or clinical aspects as well as several important general theoretical aspects. In regard to the former, the project was carried out as one portion of a broader analysis and evaluation of a summer program for intellectually gifted adolescents. This program, like, a number of others across the country, began several years ago as a constructive response to the national criticism of secondary education. One of its purposes was the development of academically able secondary school students to the fullest of their individual abilities by offering them challenging educational opportunities. The subjects of the study were 60 male 11th and 12th graders in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics classes. The students were very, able, averaging in the top two per cent of the population in general intelligence. They had good records of achievement in metropolitan high schools. They had been recommended by principals and teachers.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
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213. Travels on the western coast of equatorial Africa.
- Author
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Kingsley, M. W.
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- 1896
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214. Circulating Antibodies to Egg Albumin in Man.∗.
- Author
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Stevens, Kingsley M., Fost, Carolyn A., and Ison, Cathy M.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
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215. Effect of Pooling of Liver Slices upon Protein Synthesis in Guinea Pigs.
- Author
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Stevens, Kingsley M.
- Published
- 1953
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216. PRODUCTION OF INCOMPLETE INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE DEEMBRYONATED EGG.
- Author
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Burnet, FM, Lind, Patricia E, and Stevens, Kingsley M
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
217. THE EFFECT OF DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID INHIBITORS UPON THE REPLICATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS.
- Author
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Stevens, Kingsley M
- Published
- 1954
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. WHITHER ARBITRATION? PROBLEMS OF INCOMES POLICIES IN AUSTRALIA AND OVERSEAS.
- Author
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LAFFER, KINGSLEY M.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Anoxemia as the cause of death in shock
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,Shock, Hemorrhagic ,Mitochondrion ,Biology ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Neoplasms ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Myocyte ,Glycolysis ,Hypoxia ,Cell damage ,Septic shock ,Muscle, Smooth ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Hypoxia (medical) ,medicine.disease ,Shock, Septic ,Mitochondria, Muscle ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Vasa vasorum ,Blood Vessels ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
The case is presented that both hemorrhagic and septic shock are due to an inadequate oxygen supply to mitochondria of vascular muscle cells in peripheral circulatory beds. Mitochondria disintegrate in the presence of severe hypoxia; this is a normal response which does not, per se, indicate generalized cell damage. Irreversible shock follows when appreciable numbers of the muscle mitochondria become non-functional. The ATP available from glycolysis is inadequate to resynthesize the mitochondrial apparatus and oxygen cannot be used by the damaged mitochondria to produce the needed ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. In the absence of adequate ATP, the tone of these peripheral vessels must fall, leading to irreversible systemic hypotension and death. In hemorrhagic shock, mitochondrial hypoxia of smooth muscle cells is produced by decreased perfusion of the vasa vasorum in the constricted peripheral vessels; in septic shock there is direct competition for oxygen between bacterial cytochromes and muscle mitochondria.
- Published
- 1979
220. Cardiac Stroke Volume as a Determinant of Influenzal Fatality
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pulmonary Circulation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disease ,Disease Outbreaks ,First world war ,Sex Factors ,Influenza, Human ,Epidemiology ,Humans ,Medicine ,Cardiac Output ,Aged ,A determinant ,business.industry ,Mortality rate ,Cardiac stroke volume ,Age Factors ,Pandemic influenza ,Bacterial Infections ,Pneumonia ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,Pulmonary Alveoli ,Female ,Age distribution ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Epidemiology and Pathology AS the lethal activities of man decreased in the closing months of World War I, a new lethal agent emerged that killed 20 million people around the world.1 The disease was pandemic influenza, and the agent a new influenza virus.2 In Ireland the average endemic mortality rate from influenza from 1901 through 1917 was 29 per 100,000 per year for males. The epidemics of 1892, 1900 and 1918 had mortality rates of 81, 105 and 243 respectively. The 1918 rate was highest, but much more striking was the change in age distribution of those dying. Although the . . .
- Published
- 1976
221. Cultivation requirements for , and other microbial and mammalian microaerophilic cells
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
Cell wall ,Treponema ,Low oxygen ,Oxygen delivery ,Microaerophile ,In patient ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Isolation (microbiology) ,Mycobacterium leprae ,Microbiology - Abstract
Atmospheric and biological evolution progressed simultaneously and today certain cell types flourish only at oxygen tensions which were ambient 600 million years ago, i.e., at 5 to 10 mm Hg. In man, a continuous oxygen flow at these pressures is supplied in the skin where Treponema pallidum , Mycobacterium leprae and members of the genus Rickettsia grow best. In vitro studies support the microaerophilic status of these organisms and of certain other microbial and mammalian cells. Vigorous growth in pure culture will await the development of techniques which can maintain these low oxygen tensions at the cell walls of the microbes as they replicate and consume increasing amounts of oxygen. Continuing failure to consistently isolate microbes from active lesions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus may reflect the universal absence of suitable methods for isolation of microaerophilic microbes.
- Published
- 1979
222. Pain: Evolutionary background and primary stimulus
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
Hot Temperature ,Chemoreceptor ,integumentary system ,Nociceptors ,Pain ,General Medicine ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Biology ,Biological Evolution ,Oxygen tension ,Oxygen ,Major duodenal papilla ,Pain stimulus ,Disease Models, Animal ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Nociceptor ,Animals ,Humans ,Wounds and Injuries ,Terminal nerve ,Free nerve ending ,Skin - Abstract
The evolution of aerobic organisms required the development of oxygen sensors so the organism could avoid anoxic environments. In man these oxygen sensors are known as pain receptors. The skin pain receptor includes the epidermis and the dermal papilla with its capillary and terminal nerve. A pain stimulus such as a pin prick occludes blood flow into the papilla. The epidermal cells consume enough residual oxygen to produce a fall in oxygen tension at the nerve ending sufficient to cause the nerve to fire. The maximum time required for the oxygen drop is 0.04 seconds.
- Published
- 1981
223. Catabolism of Antibody and of Serum Albumin and Globulin
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens, Irving Gray, and Melvin S. Schwartz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Globulin ,biology ,Chemistry ,Catabolism ,Serum albumin ,Immunoglobulins ,Blood Proteins ,Blood proteins ,Antibodies ,Endocrinology ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Humans ,Antigens ,Bovine serum albumin ,Antibody ,Serum Albumin - Published
- 1953
224. Some Observations on The Vocational Interests of Gifted Adolescents in an Intensive Summer Academic Experience
- Author
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Louis M. Smith and Kingsley M. Wientge
- Subjects
Gifted Adolescents ,Vocational education ,Pedagogy ,Psychology - Published
- 1963
225. An Evaluation of 'Elective Class Participation'
- Author
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Harry Gaffney, Kingsley M. Wientge, and Philip H. Dubois
- Subjects
Introductory psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Class participation ,Statistics ,Attendance ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,General Medicine ,Mathematics ,Subject matter - Abstract
An experiment was designed as an instructional method, elective class participation (ECP), in which class attendance was not re quired and the instructor tended to be a guide rather than lec turer. Ss were adult students enrolled in one of two semesters of introductory psychology. For two years data were collected on all Ss. Half the sessions were taught the conventional way; the other half used the ECP approach. Hypotheses tested were: Ss in the ECP groups would show more posttest gain over the pretest scores than those in the control groups; the ECP method would elicit favorable reactions. The criterion measure was posttest gain over pretest score. Biserial part correlations were computed be tween ECP and control groups and posttest score residualized with respect to six control variables: sex, hours attempted, semester grade point average (GPA), cumulative hours completed, cumula tive GPA, and pretest score in course subject matter. Four correla tions were positive, indicating that enrollment in the ECP group was related to a higher posttest score. In one group the relation ship was statistically significant. The data were further analyzed into the following groups: ratings of classes which consisted pri marily of lecture, demonstrations, films, and feedback quizzes. No significant differences were found among ratings of the last three, but when each of the last three was compared with the lecture classification, it was found that Ss rated ECP classes higher than the locture classes. It is apparent that Ss preferred to attend (or at least rated the quality higher) classes in which novel techniques were used. Ss' ratings of the ECP course indi cated that 59% rated it average or better and a satisfying learning experience while 41% rated it fair or poor.
- Published
- 1970
226. A PARTIAL MICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCORTISONE
- Author
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Kingsley M. Mann, Donald R. Colingsworth, John N. Karnemaat, Frederick R. Hanson, William J. Haines, and Mari P. Brunner
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Adrenal cortex ,Adrenal cortex hormones ,Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Streptomyces ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Hydrocortisone ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1953
227. PHOSPHORIC ESTERS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE
- Author
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Kingsley M. Mann and Henry A. Lardy
- Subjects
Hexosephosphates ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Cell Biology ,Sorbose ,Phosphate ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Nuclear chemistry - Published
- 1950
228. Some Considerations of the Antigen Dose-Antibody Response Relationship
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Summary Data derived from the literature are presented in support of the 1912 theory of Smith and St. John-Brooks that the antigen dose-antibody response follows the form: K1c1/nAb where K1 is a constant, c is the concentration of the antigen, n is a constant between 1.9 and 3.6 and Ab is the maximum concentration of antibody. The value of n appears to depend upon the chemical composition of the antigen. For proteins, n is about 1.9, for lipopolysaccharides about 2.6, and for polysaccharides about 3.6. From limited data, this equation appears to hold only at intermediate concentrations of antigen. At low concentrations, n approaches 1, while at high concentrations n approaches infinity. On the basis of the above equation, certain values for K1 could be calculated, and these are listed. These findings are consistent with, but do not prove, the concept that the limiting step in antibody production involves an adsorption process.
- Published
- 1956
229. In Vivo Studies on Precipitin Production by the Rabbit Spleen
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens and Philip A. Riley
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Summary Three-kilogram rabbits were injected intravenously, intrasplenically and intraportally with 4 or 40 mg of alum-precipitated bovine γ globulin (BGG). At both dosage levels the peak precipitin responses were as follows: intravenous >; intrasplenic = intraportal. Antibody responses of small groups given soluble BGG were intravenous = intraportal > intrasplenic. In an attempt to determine any correlation between antigen concentration in an organ and serum antibody levels, the distribution of soluble and alum-precipitated I131 human serum albumin (HSA) was studied in certain organs of normal rabbits at 15 minutes and 24 hours after intravenous, intrasplenic and intraportal injections. No good correlation was found. An unexpected finding was that, when injected intravenously, eight times as much antigen was found in the lungs 15 minutes after alum-precipitated antigen as after soluble antigen. Splenectomized rabbits produced about 40% as much antibody as controls following intravenous injection of alum-precipitated BGG.
- Published
- 1956
230. THE MECHANISM BY WHICH GLYCERALDEHYDE INHIBITS GLYCOLYSIS
- Author
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Henry A. Lardy, Kingsley M. Mann, and Virgil D. Wiebelhaus
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Glycogen ,Mechanism (biology) ,Glyceraldehyde ,biology.protein ,Glycolysis ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase - Published
- 1950
231. Studies of the Microbiological Oxidation of Steroids by Cunninghamella blakesleeana H-334
- Author
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Eldon D. Nielson, Frederick R. Hanson, Paul W. O'Connell, and Kingsley M. Mann
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Adrenal cortex hormones ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Cunninghamella ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Adrenal cortex ,Fungi ,Oxidation reduction ,Articles ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Cortisone ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adrenal Cortex ,Steroids ,Cunninghamella blakesleeana ,Oxidation-Reduction ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1955
232. The Effect of Antibiotics Upon the Immune Response
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens and Raymond J. Lichter
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Summary The rate of loss of labelled antigen (I131 bovine gamma globulin) from blood has been used as a measure of the primary immune response in rabbits. Using this method, standard curves have been set up for normal rabbits and for rabbits in which the immune response has been eliminated by prior x-irradiation. The results agreed with those published by other workers. Rabbits were given daily injections of one of the following antibiotics: crystalline penicillin G (28,000 units/kg), dihydrostreptomycin (50 mg/kg), aureomycin (30 mg/kg), terramycin (29 mg/kg). The loss of I*BGG from the blood of these animals was followed. The mean values for the control vs. the experimental groups were subjected to statistical analysis, using the “F” test. All antibiotics tested produced a depression. For aureomycin, this depression was significant at the 98% confidence level, for dihydrostreptomycin at the 99% level, for terramycin at the 99.8 % level, and for penicillin at the 99.9% level. All rabbits were not affected: some showed no depression, some showed partial depression, while others were completely depressed.
- Published
- 1953
233. Effects of Irradiation on Anabolism of Antibody and of Serum Albumin and Globulin
- Author
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Irving Gray, Melvin S. Schwartz, and Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,Globulin ,Anabolism ,X-Rays ,Serum albumin ,Immunoglobulins ,Blood Proteins ,Metabolism ,Blood proteins ,Antibodies ,Endocrinology ,Blood serum ,Biochemistry ,Immunity ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Humans ,Antigens ,Antibody ,Serum Albumin - Published
- 1953
234. The Early Phase of the Antibody Response
- Author
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John M. McKenna and Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Abstract
Summary Spleen fragments from both primarily and secondarily injected rabbits produced antibody to protein antigens when cultured in a suitable medium. The longer the antigen remained in vivo, the higher were the antibody titers in extracts and in cultured material. The antibody produced was specifically neutralized by the homologous antigen. Antibody synthesis seemed to occur intracellularly with little or no induction phase, with release into the surrounding medium occurring at a later time. The titers of culture fluids and serums were shown to be about 8-fold higher when S. typhosa endotoxin was given 24 hr in advance of the primary antigen injection, but not when the endotoxin was given simultaneously with the antigen. In both cases, spleens were removed 2 hr after antigen injection.
- Published
- 1957
235. Circulating Antibodies to Egg Albumin in Man
- Author
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Carolyn A. Fost, Kingsley M. Stevens, and Cathy M. Ison
- Subjects
biology ,Hemagglutination ,business.industry ,Circulating antibodies ,Serum albumin ,Egg albumin ,Precipitin ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Titer ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,General hospital ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Summary1) Sera from 1086 patients admitted to a general hospital and from 38 medical students were examined for antibodies to egg albumin using both a microprecipitin technic and a very sensitive hemagglutination technic. 2) Of 450 sera examined by the microprecipitin technic, all were negative. 3) Only 15 patients of the 1124 or 1.3% were found to have antibodies by the hemagglutination technic. Their HA titers ranged from 25 to 2190 with a median of 80. None of these HA positive sera contained precipitins. 4) Five of these patients with circulating antibody had abdominal complaints, 4 were pregnant and the remaining 6 had miscellaneous illnesses.
- Published
- 1963
236. STUDIES ON ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS INITIATED IN VITRO
- Author
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Kingsley M. Stevens and John M. McKenna
- Subjects
Hemagglutination ,Immunology ,Spleen ,In Vitro Techniques ,Antibodies ,Article ,Antigen-Antibody Reactions ,Antigen ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Immunology and Allergy ,Antigens ,biology ,Proteins ,Complement fixation test ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Titer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Cattle ,Rabbits ,Antibody - Abstract
Ten µg. of the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin of Salmonella typhosa was given to rabbits intravenously to enhance the subsequent antibody response to an unrelated substance. The spleens were removed 24 hours later, diced, and incubated 1 hour with the antigen, bovine-γ-globulin (BGG), in a protein-free medium. After washing, the tissues either were extracted at once or planted and the fluids and tissues harvested 1 to 3 days later. Antibody was determined by a modification of the Boyden hemagglutination technique. Small amounts of antibody were synthesized as early as 1 hour after the addition of antigen. The antibody formed could be specifically inhibited with BGG, was not dialyzable, and did not sediment at 105,000 g for 2 hours. Dose-response studies revealed no antibody formation when the BGG concentration was 0.005 or 0.05 mg./ml. The best responses were obtained at concentrations of 0.5 to 5.0 mg./ml. These results were found irrespective of whether the animal had previously received BGG in vivo. Forty per cent autologous serum increased antibody formation about 9-fold over that secured with protein-free medium or with 40 per cent homologous serum. Antibody formed with this system could be detected by 50 per cent complement fixation test, although at much lower titer than found by hemagglutination. While spleens from rabbits previously given BGG did not produce more antibody than spleens from normal rabbits, they differed in that they produced antibody without the involvement of endotoxin. Under appropriate circumstances, endotoxin was effective in vitro in enabling spleen fragments to produce antibody to BGG. Cortisone acetate administered to rabbits prior to the removal of the spleen severely inhibited antibody production in vitro. Sodium prednisolone phosphate added in vitro showed a similar irreversible effect at concentrations as low as 2 x 10–5 M. Nitrogen mustard inhibited antibody formation at concentrations as low as 10–4 M.
- Published
- 1958
237. STUDIES ON ANTIBODY FORMATION BY PERITONEAL EXUDATE CELLS IN VITRO
- Author
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John M. McKenna and Kingsley M. Stevens
- Subjects
Hemagglutination ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Immunology ,Intraperitoneal injection ,Article ,In vitro ,Microbiology ,Staining ,Tissue culture ,Antigen ,In vivo ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Cells from peritoneal exudates of rabbits sacrificed 3 days after an intraperitoneal injection of sterile mineral oil were grown in tissue cultures in medium 199 (75 per cent); normal rabbit serum (25 per cent). Antibody produced by the cells was assayed by an hemagglutination technique in which the antigens used were adsorbed to formalinized tanned sheep erythrocytes. These sensitized cells agglutinate in the presence of antibody specific to the adsorbed antigen. It has been demonstrated that: Peritoneal exudate cells produced hemagglutinating antibody to bovine gamma globulin (BGG) in a replicating tissue culture system for approximately 3 weeks when taken from animals given either primary or secondary injections of BGG. The mean hemagglutinating titer was 30 for the primary and 32 for the secondary systems. Since the other cell types did not persist, it is felt that monocytes were responsible for these results. Monocytes taken from normal rabbits and exposed to either BGG or egg albumen (EA) in vitro produced titers of 28 for about 2 weeks. Monocytes taken from rabbits given hyperimmunizing injections of BGG produced titers of 147 for about 1 week. Endotoxin from Salmonella typhosa caused the monocytes to form antibody as if they had been taken from hyperimmunized rabbits. This was true both when the antigen was given in vivo together with the endotoxin as well as when the cells were exposed to antigen in vitro. The titers were 223 and 97, respectively. Neither freshly harvested nor cultured monocytes were phagocytic for carbon particles or bacteria in vitro. Monocytes in tissue culture appeared to assume the morphology of fibroblasts, but did not stain with the characteristics of fibroblasts. The morphologic changes and staining characteristics of monocytes in tissue culture have been described. The implications of these findings have been discussed and an attempt made to integrate them into general biological theory.
- Published
- 1960
238. Ovarian carcinoma CDK12 mutations misregulate expression of DNA repair genes via deficient formation and function of the Cdk12/CycK complex
- Author
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Matthias Geyer, Tina Lenasi, Vitezslav Bryja, Vendula Pospichalova, Matjaz Barboric, Jana Rybarikova, Kingsley M. Ekumi, Hana Paculova, Dalibor Blazek, Christian A. Bösken, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, and Medicum
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Genome instability ,Models, Molecular ,DNA Repair ,MAINTAINS GENOMIC STABILITY ,medicine.disease_cause ,HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ovarian Neoplasms ,0303 health sciences ,Mutation ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ,3. Good health ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,DNA construct ,Female ,RNA Interference ,Protein Binding ,DNA repair ,DNA damage ,3122 Cancers ,Blotting, Western ,Molecular Sequence Data ,RNA-POLYMERASE-II ,Biology ,CYCLIN K/CDK12 COMPLEX ,03 medical and health sciences ,TRANSCRIPTION IN-VIVO ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Cyclins ,Genetics ,medicine ,KINASE ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,C-TERMINAL DOMAIN ,ELONGATION ,Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,PRE-MESSENGER-RNA ,Gene regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics ,P-TEFB ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,HEK293 Cells ,chemistry ,Multiprotein Complexes ,Cancer research ,3111 Biomedicine ,Homologous recombination ,DNA ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
The Cdk12/CycK complex promotes expression of a subset of RNA polymerase II genes, including those of the DNA damage response. CDK12 is among only nine genes with recurrent somatic mutations in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. However, the influence of thesemutations on the Cdk12/CycK complex and their link to cancerogenesis remain ill-defined. Here, we show that most mutations prevent formation of the Cdk12/CycK complex, rendering the kinase inactive. By examining the mutations within the Cdk12/CycK structure, we find that they likely provoke structural rearrangements detrimental to Cdk12 activation. Our mRNA expression analysis of the patient samples containing the CDK12 mutations reveals coordinated downregulation of genes critical to the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. Moreover, we establish that the Cdk12/CycK complex occupies these genes and promotes phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at Ser2. Accordingly, we demonstrate that the mutant Cdk12 proteins fail to stimulate the faithful DNA double strand break repair via homologous recombination. Together, we provide the molecular basis of how mutated CDK12 ceases to function in ovarian carcinoma. We propose that CDK12 is a tumor suppressor of which the loss-of-function mutations may elicit defects in multiple DNA repair pathways, leading to genomic instability underlying the genesis of the cancer.
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239. Skin resurfacing procedures: new and emerging options
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Loesch MM, Somani AK, Kingsley MM, Travers JB, and Spandau DF
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Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Abstract
Mathew M Loesch,1 Ally-Khan Somani,1 Melanie M Kingsley,1 Jeffrey B Travers,1–3 Dan F Spandau1,41Department of Dermatology, 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 3Department of Pediatrics, 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USAAbstract: The demand for skin resurfacing and rejuvenating procedures has progressively increased in the last decade and has sparked several advances within the skin resurfacing field that promote faster healing while minimizing downtime and side effects for patients. Several technological and procedural skin resurfacing developments are being integrated into clinical practices today allowing clinicians to treat a broader range of patients' skin types and pathologies than in years past, with noteworthy outcomes. This article will discuss some emerging and developing resurfacing therapies and treatments that are present today and soon to be available.Keywords: rejuvenation, wounding, non-melanoma skin cancer, therapy
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- 2014
240. The Pathophysiology of Influenzal Pneumonia in 1918
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Stevens, Kingsley M.
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- 1981
241. Cardiac Stroke Volume as a Determinant of Influenzal Fatality
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Stevens, Kingsley M.
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- 1976
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242. Daily Feeding and Food Conversion Efficiency of the Diamond Turbot: An Analysis Based on Field Data
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Lane, E. D., Kingsley, M. C. S., and Thornton, D. E.
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The diamond turbot (Hypsopsetta guttulata) population from Anaheim Bay, California was analyzed by a model that describes feeding rates in a cyclical diel feeding fish and that allows the calculation of daily ration from field data. Diamond turbot over 25 g in body weight at 3.76% of their body weight per day and had an estimated gross growth efficiency based on 80% digestion of 12.0%; the population of 3,400 diamond turbot ate 3,690 kg/year, mostly clam siphons and polychaetes.
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- 1979
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243. CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA IN MAN
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Carolyn A. Fost, Kingsley M. Stevens, and A. Balows
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Male ,Embryology ,Blood group substance ,Hemagglutination ,Hospitalized patients ,Semen ,Antibodies ,ABO Blood-Group System ,Antigen-Antibody Reactions ,Endocrinology ,Antigen ,Humans ,Medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Circulating antibodies ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Hemagglutination Tests ,Cell Biology ,Body Fluids ,Reproductive Medicine ,Immunization ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Antibodies to human seminal plasma (hsp) were assayed by a haemagglutination technique in 618 sera from hospitalized patients. Thirty per cent of the sera had low antibody titres (1:20 to 1:320). Further studies indicated that the antibody measured was a natural isoagglutinin which reacted with the blood group substance found in hsp. However, immunization of rabbits with hsp produced antibody which reacted with other antigens of hsp but not with blood group substance.
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- 1965
244. An Evaluation of "Elective Class Participation"
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Wientge, Kingsley M., Gaffney, Harry, and Dubois, Philip H.
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An experiment was designed as an instructional method, elective class participation (ECP), in which class attendance was not re quired and the instructor tended to be a guide rather than lec turer. Ss were adult students enrolled in one of two semesters of introductory psychology. For two years data were collected on all Ss. Half the sessions were taught the conventional way; the other half used the ECP approach. Hypotheses tested were: Ss in the ECP groups would show more posttest gain over the pretest scores than those in the control groups; the ECP method would elicit favorable reactions. The criterion measure was posttest gain over pretest score. Biserial part correlations were computed be tween ECP and control groups and posttest score residualized with respect to six control variables: sex, hours attempted, semester grade point average (GPA), cumulative hours completed, cumula tive GPA, and pretest score in course subject matter. Four correla tions were positive, indicating that enrollment in the ECP group was related to a higher posttest score. In one group the relation ship was statistically significant. The data were further analyzed into the following groups: ratings of classes which consisted pri marily of lecture, demonstrations, films, and feedback quizzes. No significant differences were found among ratings of the last three, but when each of the last three was compared with the lecture classification, it was found that Ss rated ECP classes higher than the locture classes. It is apparent that Ss preferred to attend (or at least rated the quality higher) classes in which novel techniques were used. Ss' ratings of the ECP course indi cated that 59% rated it average or better and a satisfying learning experience while 41% rated it fair or poor.
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- 1970
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245. ANTIGEN RETENTION IN THE RABBIT
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Stevens, Kingsley M.
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Normal and irradiated rabbits were given small doses of I131 bovine gamma globulin (BGG) and the rates of its loss from their blood were determined. The figures agreed with those of previous reports. 3 to 4 months later, both groups were reinjected with antigen. The control group gave an accelerated (anamnestic) rate of loss, indicative of the immune state. The irradiated group gave a response similar to that given by the control group on primary injection. Rabbits recover from 500 roentgens of x-ray in less than 2 months. Hence, rabbits given BGG soon after irradiation should become immune to this antigen in 2 months if they retain it. Since rabbits reinjected with BGG 3 to 4 months after irradiation did not give an accelerated response, the BGG must not have been retained over the period of time necessary for recovery; i.e., less than 2 months. As the rate of antigen loss is greater in normal than in irradiated animals, normal rabbits will have lost BGG as active antigen prior to the irradiated animals. The amounts of antigen used (0.25 to 0.4 mg./kg.) more nearly approximate the amounts present during disease than have the amounts used in previous studies of antigen retention. The hypothesis that protein antigens are lost as fast or faster than homologous proteins is discussed and the conclusion reached that this is a valid concept.
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- 1953
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246. Studies of the Microbiological Oxidation of Steroids by Cunninghamella blakesleeanaH-334
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O'Connell, Paul W., Mann, Kingsley M., Nielson, Eldon D., and Hanson, Frederick R.
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- 1955
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247. STUDIES ON ANTIBODY FORMATION BY PERITONEAL EXUDATE CELLS IN VITRO
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McKenna, John M. and Stevens, Kingsley M.
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Cells from peritoneal exudates of rabbits sacrificed 3 days after an intraperitoneal injection of sterile mineral oil were grown in tissue cultures in medium 199 (75 per cent); normal rabbit serum (25 per cent). Antibody produced by the cells was assayed by an hemagglutination technique in which the antigens used were adsorbed to formalinized tanned sheep erythrocytes. These sensitized cells agglutinate in the presence of antibody specific to the adsorbed antigen. It has been demonstrated that: Peritoneal exudate cells produced hemagglutinating antibody to bovine gamma globulin (BGG) in a replicating tissue culture system for approximately 3 weeks when taken from animals given either primary or secondary injections of BGG. The mean hemagglutinating titer was 30 for the primary and 32 for the secondary systems. Since the other cell types did not persist, it is felt that monocytes were responsible for these results. Monocytes taken from normal rabbits and exposed to either BGG or egg albumen (EA) in vitro produced titers of 28 for about 2 weeks. Monocytes taken from rabbits given hyperimmunizing injections of BGG produced titers of 147 for about 1 week. Endotoxin from Salmonella typhosa caused the monocytes to form antibody as if they had been taken from hyperimmunized rabbits. This was true both when the antigen was given in vivo together with the endotoxin as well as when the cells were exposed to antigen in vitro. The titers were 223 and 97, respectively. Neither freshly harvested nor cultured monocytes were phagocytic for carbon particles or bacteria in vitro. Monocytes in tissue culture appeared to assume the morphology of fibroblasts, but did not stain with the characteristics of fibroblasts. The morphologic changes and staining characteristics of monocytes in tissue culture have been described. The implications of these findings have been discussed and an attempt made to integrate them into general biological theory.
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- 1960
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248. STUDIES ON ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS INITIATED IN VITRO
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Stevens, Kingsley M. and McKenna, John M.
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Ten µg. of the lipopolysaccharide endotoxin of Salmonella typhosa was given to rabbits intravenously to enhance the subsequent antibody response to an unrelated substance. The spleens were removed 24 hours later, diced, and incubated 1 hour with the antigen, bovine-γ-globulin (BGG), in a protein-free medium. After washing, the tissues either were extracted at once or planted and the fluids and tissues harvested 1 to 3 days later. Antibody was determined by a modification of the Boyden hemagglutination technique. Small amounts of antibody were synthesized as early as 1 hour after the addition of antigen. The antibody formed could be specifically inhibited with BGG, was not dialyzable, and did not sediment at 105,000 g for 2 hours. Dose-response studies revealed no antibody formation when the BGG concentration was 0.005 or 0.05 mg./ml. The best responses were obtained at concentrations of 0.5 to 5.0 mg./ml. These results were found irrespective of whether the animal had previously received BGG in vivo. Forty per cent autologous serum increased antibody formation about 9-fold over that secured with protein-free medium or with 40 per cent homologous serum. Antibody formed with this system could be detected by 50 per cent complement fixation test, although at much lower titer than found by hemagglutination. While spleens from rabbits previously given BGG did not produce more antibody than spleens from normal rabbits, they differed in that they produced antibody without the involvement of endotoxin. Under appropriate circumstances, endotoxin was effective in vitro in enabling spleen fragments to produce antibody to BGG. Cortisone acetate administered to rabbits prior to the removal of the spleen severely inhibited antibody production in vitro. Sodium prednisolone phosphate added in vitro showed a similar irreversible effect at concentrations as low as 2 x 10–5 M. Nitrogen mustard inhibited antibody formation at concentrations as low as 10–4 M.
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- 1958
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249. A PARTIAL MICROBIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYDROCORTISONE
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Colingsworth, D.R., Karnemaat, J.N., Hanson, F.R., Brunner, M.P., Mann, Kingsley M., and Haines, William J.
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- 1953
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250. Intubation Decision Based on Illness Severity and Mortality in COVID-19: An International Study.
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Chalkias, Athanasios, Yiyuan Huang, Ismail, Anis, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Papagiannakis, Nikolaos, Bitterman, Brayden, Anderson, Elizabeth, Catalan, Tonimarie, Erne, Grace K., Tilley, Caroline R., Alaka, Abiola, Amadi, Kingsley M., Presswalla, Feriel, Blakely, Pennelope, Bernal-Morell, Enrique, Cebreiros López, Iria, Eugen-Olsen, Jesper, García de Guadiana Romualdo, Luis, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J., and Loosen, Sven H.
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- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *CORONAVIRUS diseases , *INTUBATION - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of intubation timing, guided by severity criteria, on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients, amidst existing uncertainties regarding optimal intubation practices. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted from February 1, 2020, to November 1, 2022. SETTING: Ten academic institutions in the United States and Europe. PATIENTS: Adults (≥ 18 yr old) confirmed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospitalized specifically for COVID-19, requiring intubation postadmission. Exclusion criteria included patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 reasons despite a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. INTERVENTIONS: Early invasive mechanical ventilation (EIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with less severe organ dysfunction (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] < 7 or Pao2/Fio2 ratio > 250), whereas late invasive mechanical ventilation (LIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with SOFA greater than or equal to 7 and Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than or equal to 250. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of hospital admission. Among 4464 patients, 854 (19.1%) required mechanical ventilation (mean age 60 yr, 61.7% male, 19.3% Black). Of those, 621 (72.7%) were categorized in the EIMV group and 233 (27.3%) in the LIMV group. Death within 30 days after admission occurred in 278 patients (42.2%) in the EIMV and 88 patients (46.6%) in the LIMV group (p = 0.28). An inverse probability-of-treatment weighting analysis revealed a statistically significant association with mortality, with patients in the EIMV group being 32% less likely to die either within 30 days of admission (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.90; p = 0.008) or within 30 days after intubation irrespective of its timing from admission (adjusted HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51-0.90; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In severe COVID-19 cases, an early intubation strategy, guided by specific severity criteria, is associated with a reduced risk of death. These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention based on objective severity assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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