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Awareness has increased among health-care professionals, patients and the general public of the importance of an holistic approach to cancer care. Psychosocial interventions, including complementary therapies, may help to improve the quality of life (QoL) of people with cancer by helping to reduce the distress associated with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and by facilitating improved psychological adjustment to the experience of cancer. The following article presents anecdotal findings at ARC Cancer Support Centre Dublin, Ireland, of clients' perceptions of the benefits of reflexology interventions on their QoL. Reflexology interventions were perceived to impact positively upon clients' levels of impairment and functional status, including physical and psychological function, with implications for general health perceptions. The paper discusses how these findings might form the basis of further, more rigourous evaluation of the benefits of reflexology for people with cancer at ARC Cancer Support Centre.

Presents luscious dessert recipes made with ice cream or sherbet and store-bought cakes and cookies. Strawberry-vanilla jelly-roll terrine; Ice cream bombe; Cappuccino torte. INSET: How to soften ice cream..

Describes four types of grains that can be used to stand in for half the usual meat or fish in a recipe and presents several main dish recipes using grains. Grains are packed with energizing carbohydrates and are rich in fiber, B vitamins and iron.

Presents a guide to the many types of cheeses available in supermarkets and suggests ways to serve them. Firm/hard; Soft; Types of cheese knives. INSET: Lowfat cheeses come of age.;How to store cheese..

Offers delicious menus for the holiday season that feature recipes from best-seller cookbooks. New Year's Eve supper for eight with a recipe for cayenne-pepper wafers from Martha Stewart, antipasto American style from Marilyn Diamond, parslied garlic bread from Michael McLaughlin.

Suggests ways for grilling summer vegetables that are easy and can be used lots of ways. INSET: Recipes; 10 quick fixes with grilled vegetables.;Grilled....

Even though several characteristics useful for testing fescue (Chewings fescue Festuca rubravar. commutataGaud., and red fescue, Festuca rubraL. var rubra) for cultivar purity have been identified, additional methods are needed for distinguishing similar cultivars. The investigation reported here was conducted to determine if cultivar differences not observable on untreated plants would develop in response to a high concentration of aluminum. Seedlings of 20 Chewings fescue and red fescue cultivars were grown in sand nutrient culture with a complete nutrient solution and with continuous light. Twenty‐eight days after seeds were planted a solution of Al2(SO4)3in water with a concentration of 216 ppm actual Al was applied to the surface of the sand until solution drained from the bottoms of the flats. Thereafter the Al solution was applied 6 days a week and a complete nutrient solution was applied once a week. Plants were evaluated 15 days after the first Al application. Cultivars differed in percentage of plants that developed purplish red leaf blades and also in the percentage of plants that developed necrotic leaf blades. Plants classed as having red leaf blades were 63% and 61% respectively for Kensington and Banner, and, at the other extreme, 16%, 24%, and 24% for ‘Ensylva’, ‘Fortress’ and ‘K4‐21’. Plants classed as having necrotic leaf blades were 57%, 40% and 40% respectively for ‘Ruby’, Ensylva, and Fortress and 0% for ‘Banner’, 1% for ‘Highlight’ and 2% each for ‘Cascade’, ‘Encota’, and ‘Erika’. Cultivar differences were not great enough to place cultivars into discrete categories, but they were great enough to be useful for distinguishing contrasting types.

This article reviews the usefulness and importance of written information, specifically leaflets, being given to patients. Evidence suggesting how both patient and doctor may benefit from the giving of written information is reviewed. Identification of good practice relating to the content and readability of leaflets is discussed. An argument is put forward that the giving of written information is an under-utilized resource in contributing to improving patient outcomes but that this may be changing with the increasing use of patient leaflet databases. The advantages and disadvantages of computer-generated patient leaflets are discussed and desirable further areas of research on computer-generated leaflets are proposed.

The problem of validating a given unidimensional scale (that is, an ordering of a set of objects along a single dimension) is discussed in terms of a few simple properties of the data used to obtain the scale. Based on a set of asymmetric proximity values as raw data, a distinction between analyzing absolute-value information or sign information is presented that leads to a formal test of whether a given scale is being reliably represented. In short, a scale is generated from absolute-value information, but validated through sign information. A numerical example which deals with the perception of homicide rate over fifteen of the largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas is included as an illustration of the general methodological discussion.

Desmosomal glycoproteins 2 and 3 (dg2 and 3) or desmocollins have been implicated in desmosome adhesion. We have obtained a 5.0-kb-long clone for dg3 from a bovine nasal epidermal lambda gt11 cDNA library. Sequence analysis of this clone reveals an open reading frame of 2,517 bases encoding a polypeptide of 839 amino acids. The sequence consists of a signal peptide of 28 amino acids, a precursor sequence of 104 amino acids, and a mature protein of 707 amino acids. The latter has the characteristics of a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain of 550 amino acids and a cytoplasmic domain of 122 amino acids. The sequence of a partial clone from the same library shows that dg2 has an alternative COOH terminus that is extended by 54 amino acids. Genomic DNA sequence data show that this arises by splicing out of a 46-bp exon that encodes the COOH-terminal 11 amino acids of dg3 and contains an in-frame stop codon. The extracellular domain of dg3 shows 39.4% protein sequence identity with bovine N-cadherin and 28.4% identity with the other major desmosomal glycoprotein, dg1, or desmoglein. The cytoplasmic domain of dg3 and the partial cytoplasmic domain of dg2 show 23 and 24% identity with bovine N-cadherin, respectively. The results support our previous model for the transmembrane organization of dg2 and 3 (Parrish, E.P., J.E. Marston, D.L. Mattey, H.R. Measures, R. Venning, and D.R. Garrod. 1990. J. Cell Sci. 96:239-248; Holton, J.L., T.P. Kenny, P.K. Legan, J.E. Collins, J.N. Keen, R. Sharma, and D.R. Garrod. 1990. J. Cell Sci. 97:239-246). They suggest that these glycoproteins are specialized for calcium-dependent adhesion in their extracellular domains and, cytoplasmically, for the molecular interactions involved in desmosome plaque formation. Moreover this represents the first example of alternative splicing within the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules.

The possibility of using chemicals to accentuate varietal differences in birdsfoot trefoil was investigated. Preliminary experiments with several chemicals showed that foliar applications of N‐dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B‐995) could be used to cause ‘Empire’ plants to differ from ‘Viking’ and common European plants in growth habit, stem number and stem length. Treated Empire plants were shorter or more nearly recumbent than Viking or European plants. Results of using this chemical on greenhouse grown plants varied from one time of the year to another. Growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine what environmental conditions were responsible for this variation. Long photoperiods or low light intensity did not reduce the effectiveness of the chemical. High dark period temperatures or light from incandescent bulbs did reduce its effectiveness. A combination of high dark period temperature with low light intensity or with light from incandescent bulbs drastically reduced the effect of the chemical. Under these conditions increasing the concentration of B‐995 did not increase its effectiveness. One or 2 additional foliar sprays at 3‐day intervals did increase its effectiveness

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including the reprints from "The New American Market," report series in the October 25, 1947 and the July 26, 1947 issues, the trip of the Kokoda riverboat to the Mississippi River in the February 7, 1948 issue, and a mistake in the article "Butte: New Mines, New Life," about the Anaconda Copper Mining Co.'s investment in the December 27, 1947 issue.

Red pigment development or lack of development in leaf sheaths is a useful characteristic for testing cultivar purity of Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensisL. However, additional knowledge is needed on the effect of nutritional and environmental conditions on expression of this characteristic so that conditions can be used that will produce the most precise and consistent results. Therefore we grew Kentucky bluegrass seedlings in sand and supplied them with solutions in which 10, 25, 50, or 75% of the N was NH4and the remainder was NO3. Growth and pigment development were affected by the ratio of NH4to NO3in nutrient solutions and cultivars differed in both characteristics. Red pigment development, as determined by percentage of tiller height showing red color, was greatest when plants .were grown with a nutrient solution in which 75% of the N was NH4. Growth, as determined by tiller height, was less for plants grown with the 75% NH4solution than for those grown with the other three solutions. Tiller height does not appear to be a very useful characteristic for cultivar purity testing, but red pigment development is very useful. The nutrient solution to use will depend on what cultivars are to be tested. In some cases it will be desirable to grow two or more groups of seedlings and use a different nutrient solution on each.

Even though several characteristics useful for testing Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.) for cultivar purity have been identified, additional characteristics are needed for distinguishing similar cultivars. The investigation reported here was conducted to determine if cultivar differences not observable on untreated plants would develop in response to ethephon (2‐chloroethylphosphoric acid) treatment. Seedlings grown with sand‐nutrient culture under continuous light were sprayed three times (at 3‐day intervals) with 1,000 ppm ethephon solution. Plants were evaluated 52 days after seeds were planted (28 days after the first ethephon application). By this time stems had elongated, leaf blades were very short, red pigment development was different from that of untreated plants and crown type of some cultivars was modified by ethephon. Stems of ‘Windsor’ averaged 82 mm in length compared to 150 mm for ‘Victa’. Leaf blades of Windsor averaged 4 mm in length compared to 18 mm for ‘Park’. ‘Parade’ had the most plants with spreading or semispreading crowns and Windsor had the fewest. Treated plants of most cultivars had less red leaf sheath color than untreated plants but ethephon increased differences between certain cultivars in this regard. Some treated plants had small red areas at nodes only. ‘Touchdown’ had the most plants of this type and ‘Fylking’ had the fewest. Ethephon treatment, by inducing cultivar differences not observable on untreated plants, provides another useful tool for testing Kentucky bluegrass seed lots for cultivar purity.

Previously perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenneL., cultivars were found to differ in response to soil treated with maleic hydrazide (l,2‐dihydro‐3,6‐pyridazinedione). However, several cultivars were similar in response to the chemical and results varied from one experiment to the next. The investigation reported here was conducted to improve precision and reliability of cultivar purity tests in which maleic hydrazide (MH) is used. Sand‐nutrient culture was used to eleminate soil type as a variable. Every 4th day seedlings were supplied either with a complete nutrient solution or with a solution lacking phosphorus. After the first 12 days, flats on which the solution lacking P was used were supplied with a complete nutrient solution. Starting 18 days after planting, a 300 ppm MH solution was applied to the sand every 4th day. Photoperiods were 8 hours and temperature was 25 C during light periods and 16 C during dark periods. Upper leaf blades started to become chlorotic 12 days after MH treatment was started and cultivars differed markedly. Cultivar differences were greater for plants grown without P the first 12 days than for plants grown with complete solution the entire experiment. The upper leaf blade of most ‘NK‐200’ plants became yellow but the next lower leaf blade remained green. In contrast, both upper and second leaf blades of ‘Manhattan’ plants tended to remain green. Second leaf blades of ‘Pennfine’ plants tended to become chlorotic at about the same rate as upper leaf blades. This procedure resulted in greater contrast between cultivars than was obtained in previous experiments. A series of ten experiments demonstrated that very similar results can be obtained from one experiment to the next.

Improved methods of determining cultivar purity of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenneL., seed lots, are needed. We conducted studies to find characteristics in which cultivars might differ. Seedlings were grown in sand and were supplied with solutions in which 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% of the N was NH4and the remainder was NO3. Growth and anthocyanin development were affected by ratio of ammonium to nitrate. Cultivars differed in both characteristics. Growth, as determined by tiller height, was greatest when plants were grown with 25% of the N as NH4. Anthocyanin development, as determined by percentage of the tiller height showing red color, was greatest when plants were grown with a solution in which 100% of the N was NH4. Cultivar differences in tiller height were greatest when plants were grown with 25% of the N as NH4. Cultivar differences in anthocyanin development were greatest when plants were grown with 75% of the N as NH4. With this solution, cultivars differed in percentage of plants in which red color extended the entire length of the tillers. Both anthocyanin development and tiller height were useful in determining cultivar purity of seed lots.