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يعد الانزياح سمة الشعر وعماده، ظهر بمصطلحه الحديث في النقد الأدبي، وإن كان له جذور في التراث، مثله مثل كثير من الظواهر المحدثة، إذ يتمثل الانزياح في اللغة العربية على المستويين البلاغي والتركيبي وموضوعنا في هذا البحث قد تناول الجانب الأول وهو الانزياح البلاغي واقتصر على نمطين من أنماطه المتعددة وهما : الكناية والاستعارة.

إن رواية (موت الأم) للروائي والقاص حنون مجيد هي من الروايات المعاصرة استوعبت هذا الزمن التاريخي، إذ ينطلق فيها حنون مجيد من استبطان أعماق شخصياته، ويكشف عما تضمره نفوس هذه الشخصيات شيئًا فشيئًا من خلال الفضاء الروائي، وخاصة ما تضمره الشخصيات الرئيسية، وتبدأ الرواية من نهايتها إذ تعتمد قالب الخاتمة الحادث بموت الأم... إذ إن حنون مجيد بنى عالمه السردي في هذه الرواية باتكائه على عنصري الزمان والمكان، ولهذا وقع اختيارنا عليها لنتخذها مدونة لبحثنا.

The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a tool that aid in identifying symptoms associated with nociplastic pain. The aim of this study is to adapt CSI to Arabic language, and to examine its psychometric properties. Adaptation process followed recommended guidelines. Participants with self-reported chronic pain completed a web-based survey. The internal consistency was calculated. Test–retest reliability was examined by allowing 7–9 day gap between two rounds of measurements. Convergent validity was examined by measuring the correlation with Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), EQ-VAS, and EQ-5D-3L. Discriminant validity was examined by testing four priori hypotheses. Factor analysis with principal components extraction was conducted. CSI-Arabic (CSI-Ar) was successfully produced. Its internal consistency and test–retest reliability were excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.88 and ICC2,1=0.94). The standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change 95% were 3.45 and 9.57, respectively. CSI total score correlation with PCS, EQ-5D-3L, and EQ-VAS was moderate. The results lend support to the four hypothesis related to discriminant validity. Factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure of CSI-Ar. CSI-Ar showed an internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and validity that are comparable to similar studies. The results support the use of CSI-Ar in assessing chronic pain in Arabic-speaking population.Implications for rehabilitationCentral sensitization (CS) mechanisms are thought to contribute to chronic pain.Identifying the presence of CS would personalize management.The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a valid and reliable tool to aid in identifying symptoms associated with CS.The Arabic version of the CSI is valid and reliable to use in Arabic speaking patients suffering from chronic pain. Central sensitization (CS) mechanisms are thought to contribute to chronic pain. Identifying the presence of CS would personalize management. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a valid and reliable tool to aid in identifying symptoms associated with CS. The Arabic version of the CSI is valid and reliable to use in Arabic speaking patients suffering from chronic pain.

This study explores one of the most active and productive educational methods; hence, this stylistic phenomenon has its importance in embellishing discourse and speech with respect to diverse opinions. Nowadays, societies love discussions and debating especially Middle-East ones. A simple discussion may lead to a different topic and escalates into a hot debate that may be accompanied by verbal and physical conflicts rather than tolerance and the spirit of acceptance. Active dialogues and politeness in selecting words are evidences of the nations’ awareness, as they are considered to be the effective methods of dialogues and the advancement of society. This paper is divided into an introduction, definitions of terms and three sections. Firstly, the dialogues in Surah Maryam. Secondly, the etiquettes of rhetoric and talks in Surah Maryam. Thirdly, the applied educational milestone from the methods of dialogue and their etiquettes in the Surah. The importance of this research shows the fact that the dialogue styles and their etiquettes are the most important pillars in the process of people’s communication, and the convergence of views among opponents and disputants. The dialogue and its etiquettes provide the most appropriate conditions for conflict resolution, compromise and consensus which reflect positive influence on human relationships among community individuals. The main objective of the study is to highlight the ways to strengthen brotherhood and human cooperation. This method and its etiquettes can be also used to renounce clash and conflicts among people and community; besides, it can be a good attempt to replace those negative points with taking the best of opinions through spreading the causes of harmony, love, goodness and peace. The most important study results are: adhering the rules of a proper dialogue to change of many nowadays conflicts into a peaceful dialogue, happiness, reduce rivalry or quarrels, and removing many obstacles in front of the people and community.

To simultaneously cover multiple wireless services and protocols, the antenna in communication devices should operate over a wide and ultra-wide frequency band. The use of wide/ultra-wideband antennas not only lessens the number of antennas necessary to cover multiple frequency bands but also decreases the system complexity, size, and costs. To operate over the ultra-wide frequency band, in this paper a CPW-fed small antenna is reported for portable communication devices. The anticipated antenna comprises a bow-tie-shaped patch and two ground planes. One inverted L-shaped and one extended U-shaped ground plane are asymmetrically placed with the main radiator which helps the antenna prototype to realize a functional band of 3.05 – 11.25 GHz (VSWR ≤ 2). In the functional band, the studied antenna accomplished a maximum peak gain of 4.98 dBi and maximum efficiency of 94.4%. Moreover, it exhibits symmetric omnidirectional radiation patterns and good time-domain behavior. The lucrative characteristics such as simple design, very small size (24.5 × 20 mm2), ultra-wide operating band, good gain and efficiency, stable radiation characteristics, and good time-domain characteristics make it a potential candidate to be used in portable communication devices.

BACKGROUND Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune mediated disorder that attacks hair follicles with unknown pathophysiology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules, and their aberrant expression or function has been involved in different autoimmune conditions. OBJECTIVES We aimed at exploring the association between some miRNAs lesional expression and AA pathogenesis by measurement of miRNAs-155, 146a, and 203 expression levels in the lesional skin from patchy AA patients and to evaluate their relation with the studied parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Skin expression levels of miRNAs-155, 146a, and 203 were evaluated in 50 patients with patchy AA and 25 healthy controls using reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The activity and severity of alopecia were assessed according to AA Investigational Assessment Guidelines criteria. RESULTS Studied patients showed significant up-regulation of miRNAs-203, 146a, and 155 lesional tissue expression levels when compared to control group (p

BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent condition with a complex etiopathogenesis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene located on the chromosome 17q23 contains an insertion (I) and deletion (D) polymorphism in the intron 16. This gene polymorphism plays a role in multiple inflammatory disorders. However, there are no studies investigating its association with AGA susceptibility. OBJECTIVES In this work, we aimed at exploring the association of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in AGA susceptibility in a group of Egyptian patients. METHODS This study included 100 AGA patients, and 100 apparently healthy controls. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The DD, ID genotypes, and D allele showed higher frequent distribution among studied AGA patients than controls (p

This article deals with a novel fractional-order active disturbance rejection control (FADRC) scheme to handle a general integer-order system. The proposed control structure enhances the robustness and performance of the classical active disturbance rejection control, especially for the open-loop gain variation. Based on the Bode's ideal transfer function, an analytical design of a state-feedback control is proposed. The integer-order model of the system to be controlled is first transformed to a noninteger-order one, where the introduced fractional order is a design parameter, which imposes the overshoot of the closed-loop step response. In addition, because the model of the system is transformed to a cascade of integer- and fractional-order integrator (the model is noncommensurate), a commensurate fractional-order extended state observer is proposed to estimate the generalized disturbance. To improve the robustness of the proposed FADRC scheme, an analytical design method of a noncommensurate state-feedback control is proposed. The proposed design method is based on the Bode's ideal transfer function cascaded with an integer-order filter. The proposed FADRC scheme is applied for a pendulum–cart test bed, and the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control are examined by experiments.

The novelty of this work is to fabricate the double-walled (DW) TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) by an anode oxidation method with NH4F-based electrolyte and Zinc counter electrode (CE, c-Zn) and to investigate the photodegradation performance of these TNAs. The structural, optical, and photodegradation performance of TNAs with c-Zn material have been compared to the properties of TNAs with the other two CEs like c-Pt (Platinum) and c-Ti (Titanium). The counter electrode has a tremendous influence on the structural properties and geometrical features of TNAs. The TNAs fabricated with c-Zn have the red-shifted absorption edge with two bandgaps such as 3.15 and 1.78 eV. Interestingly, the TNAs with c-Zn are found as the DW TNAs with outer diameter of 130 ± 3 nm, thinner outer wall thickness of 12 ± 2 nm, and thicker inner wall thickness of 30 ± 2 nm. The photodegradation performance varies with different counter electrodes during the deposition of TNAs by the anode oxidation method. The TNAs sample prepared with c-Zn has shown the highest roughness value of 305.0 nm, photodegradation efficiency of 97.0%, and the rate constant value of 0.00985 min−1 than the other TNAs with c-Pt, c-Ti, and other researcher's data. Moreover, the optical, structural, and surface morphological properties of TNAs have correlated with the photodegradation performance of TNAs prepared with various counter electrodes during deposition.

The moon is recognized as an important destination for space science and exploration. To find a satisfactory answer for the mystery of the universe and to make use of the lunar resources for the welfare of human beings, several space agencies are planning manned and unmanned missions on the moon. As a result, the concept of lunar vehicles has begun with an advanced descent scheme to execute a precise and safe landing on the surface of the moon. On the contrary, the energy budget is an important issue for any space mission. To reduce the cost of a space mission, it is necessary to design the vehicle trajectory based on optimized energy resources. Fuel is the main energy in a space mission. Therefore, a fuel-optimized energy generation technique is focused on this research. The design of an algorithm that generates a real-time trajectory for the descent and landing of a lunar probe is critical to ensuring a successful lunar landing mission. A scheme of dual-step trajectory generation for lunar descent is also investigated in this paper. In the algorithm developing process, the thrust-to-mass ratio is considered as a principle variable. Algorithm design along with mathematical modeling and simulation results are described in detail. In addition, the proposed method for generating reference trajectory profiles is also analyzed for fuel consumption and robustness.

Fractional order control (FOC) has received widespread attention in recent years due to its efficient tuning capacity, intuitive concept, and enough flexibility. Again, FOC are known to be robust with the open loop gain in particular. However, the design of FOC demands the knowledge of the model to be modified. But on the other hand, the linear active disturbance control (LADRC) technique is known to be model free controller. In order to achieve the better tracking performance even in uncertain operational conditions by responding timely against external disturbances, these two controllers (FOC and LADRC) are combined to propose a new fractional order LADRC to handle integer order system. Therefore, FOC-based LADRC for heat-flow experiment (HFE) is designed in this paper to track desired trajectories of heat flow. Bode’s ideal transfer function is considered as an orientation model to propose this new controller while using the concept of internal mode control. A better performance of fractional order linear active disturbance control (FO-LADRC) is shown for a very good disturbance rejection capability through simulation and experiments on a heat-flow system.