1,462 results on '"Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification"'
Search Results
202. Multicenter Evaluation of Meridian Bioscience HSV 1&2 Molecular Assay for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 from Clinical Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Specimens.
- Author
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Faron ML, Ledeboer NA, Patel A, Beqa SH, Yen-Lieberman B, Kohn D, Leber AL, Mayne D, Northern WI, and Buchan BW
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques methods
- Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes acute and relapsing symptoms characterized by ulcerative lesions. Laboratory diagnosis of HSV in cutaneous or mucocutaneous lesions has historically been performed with the use of viral cell culture systems; however, these tests are laborious and suffer decreased sensitivity for advanced-stage lesions. The recent availability of FDA-cleared moderately complex assays has resulted in the increased use of molecular diagnostics for the routine detection of HSV in superficial swab specimens. We performed a clinical evaluation of the recently FDA-cleared illumigene HSV 1&2 loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (Meridian Bioscience, Cincinnati OH) for the detection and differentiation of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in cutaneous and mucocutaneous swab specimens. A total of 1,153 clinical swab specimens were collected and tested at 7 different clinical centers. Each specimen was tested for the presence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 using the illumigene assay, and results were compared to those of the enzyme-linked virus-inducible system (ELVIS) as the reference method. Overall, the illumigene assay demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 94.8% and 95.5%, respectively, for the detection of HSV-1. Detection of HSV-2 was similar, with a sensitivity of 98.9% and a specificity of 95.5%. Discrepant analysis was performed using an alternative molecular test (AmpliVue HSV1+2 assay; Quidel Molecular, San Diego, CA) on 91/99 specimens that were recorded as false positive (FP) or false negative (FN) compared to the reference method. In total, 57/78 (73%) FP and 9/13 (69%) FN illumigene results were supported by the AmpliVue result. The illumigene HSV 1&2 assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity to detect and differentiate HSV in clinical specimens and identified 57 additional specimens that were positive for HSV compared to culture. The use of LAMP eliminates the need for the cycling of temperatures and provides results in less than 60 min, with approximately 2 min of hands-on time per specimen., (Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
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- 2016
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203. Etiology of Genital Ulcer Disease in Male Patients Attending a Sexually Transmitted Diseases Clinic: First Assessment in Cuba.
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Noda AA, Blanco O, Correa C, Pérez L, Kourí V, and Rodríguez I
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- Adolescent, Adult, Chlamydia trachomatis genetics, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Coinfection, Cuba epidemiology, Genital Diseases, Male epidemiology, Genital Diseases, Male virology, HIV Seropositivity, Haemophilus ducreyi genetics, Haemophilus ducreyi isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases virology, Treponema pallidum genetics, Ulcer epidemiology, Ulcer virology, Young Adult, Genital Diseases, Male etiology, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Sexually Transmitted Diseases etiology, Treponema pallidum isolation & purification, Ulcer etiology
- Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and in particular genital ulcer disease (GUD) have a major impact on morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The World Health Organization recommends the use of syndromic guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in resource-constrained countries. Surveillance of autochthonous etiologies provides epidemiological information contributing to the prevention and treatment of STIs. We investigated the etiology and factors associated with GUD among male patients attending a STD clinic in Havana, Cuba., Methods: Swabs from genital ulcers of 113 male patients, collected from May 2012 to June 2015, were analyzed using PCR for herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Chlamydia trachomatis. We also investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with the presence of these pathogens in GUD., Results: At least one of the pathogens was detected in 70% of patients. The occurrence of the pathogens was herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (51.3%), T. pallidum (29.2%), and C. trachomatis (1.8%). Co-infections occurred as follows: T. pallidum-HSV-2 (10.6%), C. trachomatis-HSV-2 (0.9%) and C. trachomatis-T. pallidum (0.9%). Herpes simplex virus type 1 and H. ducreyi were not detected. Ages 15 to 40 years, HIV-positive serostatus, and no condom use were significant risk factors for the presence of HSV-2 in genital ulcers., Conclusions: Our preliminary results highlight the predominance of HSV-2 and T. pallidum as the leading GUD etiologies in the study population and identified risk factors associated with HSV-2. This information should help to inform guidelines for better management of GUD in Havana, Cuba.
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- 2016
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204. Performance of the HSV OligoGen kit for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2.
- Author
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Parra-Sánchez M, Marcuello López A, García-Rey S, Zakariya-Yousef Breval I, Bernal Martínez S, Pueyo Rodríguez I, Martín-Mazuelos E, and Palomares Folía JC
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 2, Human genetics, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spain, Young Adult, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods
- Abstract
PCR methods are nowadays between the most rapid and sensitive methods for screening and diagnosing herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2. The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability, accuracy, and usefulness of the new assay HSV OligoGen kit in comparison with the Roche LightCycler HSV ½ Qual Kit assay for the detection of HSV in clinical samples. For this analysis, a prospective study was designed for detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2 including 110 ulcer specimens, 48 urine, 48 endocervical, 43 cerebral spinal fluids, 4 urethral and 3 pharyngeal swabs that were sent from a regional STI clinic or an Intensive Clinical Unit, both in Seville, Spain. In comparison to the Roche LightCycler HSV ½ Qual Kit assay, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicative values, and kappa value for HSV detection using the HSV OligoGen kit were 96.2%, 100%, 100%, 98.3%, and 0.97 for HSV-1, respectively. For HSV-2, the corresponding values were 98.3%, 100%, 100%, 99.5%, and 0.98, respectively. Statistical data obtained in this study confirms the usefulness and reliable results of this new assay., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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205. Herpes simplex virus type 1 hepatitis due to primary infection in a pancreas-kidney transplant recipient.
- Author
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Feugeas J, Mory S, Jeulin H, Velay A, Pertek JP, Ladriere M, and Losser MR
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross Infection virology, Female, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects, Pancreas Transplantation adverse effects, Hepatitis, Viral, Human diagnosis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
Herpes simplex Virus (HSV) hepatitis is a rare complication of HSV-1 primary infection, with a delayed diagnosis, affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. We describe a case of HSV-1 hepatitis after primary infection occurring in the postoperative days after a pancreas-kidney transplantation. The patient presented with an unusual evolution of a persistent severe hepatitis associated with a persistent viremia (Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction) despite an adequate intravenous (iv) antiviral treatment. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a miliary hepatitis. The diagnosis of HSV-1 hepatitis was confirmed by immuno-chemistry on liver biopsy. The donor was negative for anti-HSV antibodies, excluding contamination by the graft. This case report emphasizes a rather seldom risk of care-associated viral infections, predominantly in immunocompromised patients., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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206. Role of type-specific herpes simplex virus-1 and 2 serology as a diagnostic modality in patients with clinically suspected genital herpes: A comparative study in Indian population from a tertiary care hospital.
- Author
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Patwardhan V and Bhalla P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral blood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Herpes Genitalis epidemiology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, India epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Serotyping, Tertiary Care Centers, Young Adult, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Herpes Genitalis virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Serologic Tests
- Abstract
Introduction: Type-specific serology (TSS) test for herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been used as a research tool in seroepidemiological studies for some years. However, TSS as a diagnostic modality for diagnosis of current episode of genital herpes is not well documented., Aims and Objectives: To measure the seroprevalence of type-specific HSV Type 1 (HSV-1) and Type 2 (HSV-2) IgG antibodies in cases provisionally diagnosed as primary and recurrent genital herpes and to evaluate the role of TSS as a diagnostic modality for diagnosis of genital herpes versus polymerase chain reaction (PCR)., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed over a period of 10 months in which 44 adult patients with clinically suspected genital herpes were recruited. An in-house glycoprotein G gene base PCR was performed directly from the genital lesion specimen for simultaneous detection and typing of HSV. TSS was performed to detect IgG antibody against HSV-1 and 2 in all patients using commercially available kits, and the results were compared., Results: Seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgG was 43% among primary and 65% among recurrent genital herpes cases (P = 0.22). Whereas that of HSV-2 IgG was found to be 14% and 83% in respective patient group (P = 0.0001). When compared to PCR results HSV-1 IgG detection in both primary and recurrent genital herpes diagnosis had poor specificity, positive predictive value, and sensitivity. Whereas, HSV-2 serology had a sensitivity of 13.33% and 73.33% in primary and recurrent genital herpes and specificity of 83.33% and 85.71%, respectively., Conclusion: HSV-2 IgG detection helps in strengthening the diagnosis of recurrent HSV-2 disease, whereas the absence of HSV-2 IgG antibody helps in excluding genital herpes as a likely cause of recurrent genital ulceration. However, detection of HSV-1 IgG antibody may not be useful for diagnosis in patients of genital ulcer disease.
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- 2016
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207. Effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide and electron-beam irradiation treatment for removal and inactivation of viruses in equine-derived xenografts.
- Author
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Cusinato R, Pacenti M, Martello T, Fattori P, Morroni M, and Palù G
- Subjects
- Animals, Enterovirus B, Human drug effects, Enterovirus B, Human isolation & purification, Enterovirus B, Human radiation effects, Herpesvirus 1, Human drug effects, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 1, Human radiation effects, Heterografts drug effects, Heterografts radiation effects, Horses, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype drug effects, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype radiation effects, Disinfection methods, Electrons, Heterografts virology, Hydrogen Peroxide pharmacology
- Abstract
Bone grafting is a common procedure for bone reconstruction in dentistry, orthopedics, and neurosurgery. A wide range of grafts are currently used, and xenografts are regarded as an interesting alternative to autogenous bone because all mammals share the same bone mineral component composition and morphology. Antigens must be eliminated from bone grafts derived from animal tissues in order to make them biocompatible. Moreover, the processing method must also safely inactivate and/or remove viruses or other potential infectious agents. This study assessed the efficacy of two steps applied in manufacturing some equine-derived xenografts: hydrogen-peroxide and e-beam sterilization treatments for inactivation and removal of viruses in equine bone granules (cortical and cancellous) and collagen and pericardium membranes. Viruses belonging to three different human viral species (Herpes simplex virus type 1, Coxsackievirus B1, and Influenzavirus type A H1N1) were selected and used to spike semi-processed biomaterials. For each viral species, the tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) on cell lines and the number of genome copies through qPCR were assessed. Both treatments were found to be effective at virus inactivation. Considering the model viruses studied, the application of hydrogen peroxide and e-beam irradiation could also be considered effective for processing bone tissue of human origin., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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208. Herpes Simplex Keratitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients.
- Author
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Larrañaga Fragoso P, Boto de Los Bueis A, Bravo Ljubetic L, Del Hierro Zarzuelo A, Romero Gómez MP, and Mora Rillo M
- Subjects
- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Aged, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Corneal Stroma pathology, Corneal Stroma virology, DNA, Viral genetics, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Keratitis, Herpetic diagnosis, Keratitis, Herpetic drug therapy, Male, Opportunistic Infections diagnosis, Opportunistic Infections drug therapy, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Arthritis, Rheumatoid complications, Keratitis, Herpetic etiology, Opportunistic Infections etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: To describe a series of 5 patients with herpes simplex virus keratitis (HSK) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under immunosuppressive treatment., Methods: Retrospective study. Detailed data were obtained regarding symptoms and signs at the initial evaluation, treatment, microbiological diagnostic tests, evolution, and outcomes., Results: Five patients with HSK and RA were identified. Bilateral involvement occurred in 2 patients (40%). Epithelial keratitis was diagnosed in 5 eyes. Three eyes showed severe melting with eye perforation. Gram-positive bacterial co-infections were common in the group with stromal keratitis. We did not find differences in the evolution of the disease based on anti-rheumatoid treatment., Conclusions: The characteristics of HSK in patients with RA differed from HSK in immunocompetent patients. The stromal keratitis cases were very aggressive and difficult to manage, with perforation and gram-positive bacterial co-infection as frequently associated conditions. Prophylactic therapy at standard doses was unsuccessful to avoid recurrences.
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- 2016
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209. False-negative type-specific glycoprotein G antibody responses in STI clinic patients with recurrent HSV-1 or HSV-2 DNA positive genital herpes, The Netherlands.
- Author
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van Rooijen MS, Roest W, Hansen G, Kwa D, and de Vries HJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Antibody Formation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, False Negative Reactions, Female, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Herpes Genitalis epidemiology, Herpes Genitalis immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Human immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human immunology, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Immunoblotting, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Predictive Value of Tests, Recurrence, Sexual Behavior, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Herpes Genitalis virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 2, Human genetics, Viral Envelope Proteins immunology
- Abstract
Objectives: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type-discriminating antibody tests (glycoprotein G (gG) directed) are used to identify naïve persons and differentiate acute infections from recurrences. We studied test characteristics of three commercially available antibody tests in patients with recurrent (established by viral PCR tests) herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) genital herpes episodes., Methods: Serum samples (at minimum 3 months after t=0) were examined for the presence of gG-1-specific or gG-2-specific antibodies using the HerpeSelect 1 and 2 Immunoblot IgG, the HerpeSelect 1 and 2 enzyme linked immunoassays IgG and the LIAISON HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG indirect chemiluminescence immunoassays., Results: The immunoblot was HSV-1 positive in 70.6% (95% CI 44.0% to 89.7%), the LIAISON in 88.2% (95% CI 63.5% to 98.5%) and the ELISA in 82.4% (95% CI 56.6% to 96.2%) of the 17 patients with a recurrent HSV-1 episode. From 33 patients with a recurrent HSV-2 episode, the immunoblot was HSV-2 positive in 84.8% (95% CI 68.1% to 94.9%), the LIAISON in 69.7% (95% CI 51.3% to 84.4%) and the ELISA in 84.8% (95% CI 68.1% to 94.9%). Among 15/17 (88.2%; 95% CI 63.5% to 98.5%) patients with HSV-1 and 30/33 (90.1%; 95% CI 75.7% to 98.1%) patients with HSV-2, HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibodies, respectively, were detected in at least one of the three antibody tests., Conclusions: Commercial type-specific gG HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibody assays were false negative in 12-30% of patients with recurrent HSV-1 or HSV-2 DNA positive genital lesions. The clinical and epidemiological use of type-specific HSV serology can be hampered by false-negative results, especially if based on a single test., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/)
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- 2016
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210. Prevalence of Intrathecal Acyclovir Resistant Virus in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Patients.
- Author
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Mitterreiter JG, Titulaer MJ, van Nierop GP, van Kampen JJ, Aron GI, Osterhaus AD, Verjans GM, and Ouwendijk WJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Amino Acid Substitution genetics, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Demography, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex cerebrospinal fluid, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Human drug effects, Herpesvirus 1, Human enzymology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human drug effects, Herpesvirus 2, Human enzymology, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Prevalence, Thymidine Kinase genetics, Young Adult, Acyclovir pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Viral drug effects, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human physiology, Herpesvirus 2, Human physiology, Spinal Cord pathology, Spinal Cord virology
- Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a life-threatening complication of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Acyclovir (ACV) is the antiviral treatment of choice, but may lead to emergence of ACV-resistant (ACVR) HSV due to mutations in the viral UL23 gene encoding for the ACV-targeted thymidine kinase (TK) protein. Here, we determined the prevalence of intrathecal ACVR-associated HSV TK mutations in HSE patients and compared TK genotypes of sequential HSV isolates in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blister fluid of mucosal HSV lesions. Clinical samples were obtained from 12 HSE patients, encompassing 4 HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and 8 HSV-2 encephalitis patients. HSV DNA load was determined by real-time PCR and complete HSV TK gene sequences were obtained by nested PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. All HSV-1 HSE patients contained viral TK mutations encompassing 30 unique nucleotide and 13 distinct amino acid mutations. By contrast, a total of 5 unique nucleotide and 4 distinct amino acid changes were detected in 7 of 8 HSV-2 patients. Detected mutations were identified as natural polymorphisms located in non-conserved HSV TK gene regions. ACV therapy did not induce the emergence of ACVR-associated HSV TK mutations in consecutive CSF and mucocutaneous samples of 5 individual patients. Phenotypic susceptibility analysis of these mucocutaneous HSV isolates demonstrated ACV-sensitive virus in 2 HSV-1 HSE patients, whereas in two HSV-2 HSE patients ACVR virus was detected in the absence of known ACVR-associated TK mutations. In conclusion, we did not detect intrathecal ACVR-associated TK mutations in HSV isolates obtained from 12 HSE patients.
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- 2016
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211. First HSV-1 non primary genital herpes in two patients.
- Author
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Fouéré S, Chaine B, Maylin S, Minier M, Vallée P, Scieux C, Lassau F, Legoff J, and Janier M
- Subjects
- Coinfection pathology, Herpes Genitalis pathology, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Coinfection diagnosis, Coinfection virology, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Herpes Genitalis virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
First HSV-1 genital episodes in HSV-2 infected patients however, had never been demonstrated until the 2 cases we observed. This scarcity could reflect the lower impact of HSV-2 on western populations but questions the existence of cross-protection between viral types., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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212. Viral forensic genomics reveals the relatedness of classic herpes simplex virus strains KOS, KOS63, and KOS79.
- Author
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Bowen CD, Renner DW, Shreve JT, Tafuri Y, Payne KM, Dix RD, Kinchington PR, Gatherer D, and Szpara ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Asia, Cell Line, Europe, Fetus, Fibroblasts virology, Genetic Variation, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human classification, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, North America, Phylogeography, DNA, Viral genetics, Forensic Genetics, Genome, Viral, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a widespread global pathogen, of which the strain KOS is one of the most extensively studied. Previous sequence studies revealed that KOS does not cluster with other strains of North American geographic origin, but instead clustered with Asian strains. We sequenced a historical isolate of the original KOS strain, called KOS63, along with a separately isolated strain attributed to the same source individual, termed KOS79. Genomic analyses revealed that KOS63 closely resembled other recently sequenced isolates of KOS and was of Asian origin, but that KOS79 was a genetically unrelated strain that clustered in genetic distance analyses with HSV-1 strains of North American/European origin. These data suggest that the human source of KOS63 and KOS79 could have been infected with two genetically unrelated strains of disparate geographic origins. A PCR RFLP test was developed for rapid identification of these strains., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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213. A case of relapsing-remitting facial palsy and ipsilateral brachial plexopathy caused by HSV-1.
- Author
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Alstadhaug KB, Kvarenes HW, Prytz J, and Vedeler C
- Subjects
- Acyclovir administration & dosage, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, Brachial Plexus diagnostic imaging, Brachial Plexus pathology, Chemoprevention methods, DNA, Viral isolation & purification, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mannose-Binding Lectin deficiency, Mouth Mucosa virology, Recurrence, Young Adult, Brachial Plexus Neuropathies etiology, Brachial Plexus Neuropathies pathology, Facial Paralysis etiology, Facial Paralysis pathology, Herpes Simplex complications, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
The etiologies of Bell's palsy and brachial neuritis remain uncertain, and the conditions rarely co-occur or reoccur. Here we present a woman in her twenties who had several relapsing-remitting episodes with left-sided facial palsy and brachial neuropathy. The episodes always started with painful left-sided oral blisters. Repeat PCRs HSV-1 DNA from oral vesicular lesions were positive. Extensive screening did not reveal any other underlying cause. Findings on MRI T2-weighted brachial plexus STIR images, using a 3.0-Tesla scanner during an episode, were compatible with brachial plexus neuritis. Except a mannose-binding lectin deficiency, a congenital complement deficiency that is frequently found in the general Caucasian population, no other immunodeficiency was demonstrated in our patient. In vitro resistance to acyclovir was tested negative, but despite prophylactic treatment with the drug in high doses, relapses recurred. To our knowledge, this is the first ever reported documentation of relapsing-remitting facial and brachial plexus neuritis caused by HSV-1., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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214. Herpes simplex encephalitis: unusual imaging appearances.
- Author
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Bonnici-Mallia M, Kanodia AK, Rae N, and Marwick C
- Subjects
- Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Brain diagnostic imaging, Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex complications, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Hypothermia virology, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Middle Aged, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute virology, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex diagnostic imaging, Hypothermia etiology, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute etiology
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- 2016
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215. Detection of virus in CSF from the cases with meningoencephalitis by next-generation sequencing.
- Author
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Guan H, Shen A, Lv X, Yang X, Ren H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Ni P, Wu H, Zhu Y, and Cui L
- Subjects
- Adult, DNA, Viral genetics, Electroencephalography, Female, Gene Library, Herpesviridae Infections cerebrospinal fluid, Herpesviridae Infections physiopathology, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 3, Human isolation & purification, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Meningoencephalitis cerebrospinal fluid, Meningoencephalitis physiopathology, Meningoencephalitis virology, Middle Aged, DNA, Viral cerebrospinal fluid, Herpesviridae Infections diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 2, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 3, Human genetics, Meningoencephalitis diagnosis
- Abstract
We screened for viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to diagnose CNS viral infections. We collected CSF samples from four cases with clinically suspected viral meningoencephalitis. DNA extracted from the samples was analyzed with NGS, and the results were further validated using PCR. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) was detected in the CSF of two patients, HSV-2 and human herpes virus type 3 (HHV-3, VZV) in the CSF of two other patients separately. The number of unique reads of the identified viral genes ranged from 144 to 44205 (93.51 to 99.57%). The coverage of identified viral genes ranged from 12 to 98% with a depth value of 1.1 to 35, respectively. The results were further confirmed using PCR in three cases. The clinical presentation and outcomes of these four cases were consistent with the diagnostic results of NGS. NGS of CSF samples can be used as a diagnostic assay for CNS viral infection. Its further application for "pan-viral" or even "pan-microbial" screening of CSF might influence the diagnosis of CNS infectious diseases.
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- 2016
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216. Male non-gonococcal urethritis: From microbiological etiologies to demographic and clinical features.
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Ito S, Hanaoka N, Shimuta K, Seike K, Tsuchiya T, Yasuda M, Yokoi S, Nakano M, Ohnishi M, and Deguchi T
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adenovirus Infections, Human epidemiology, Adenovirus Infections, Human virology, Adenoviruses, Human isolation & purification, Adult, Demography statistics & numerical data, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Herpes Genitalis epidemiology, Herpes Genitalis virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Heterosexuality statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prevalence, Urethritis epidemiology, Urethritis virology, Gram-Negative Bacteria isolation & purification, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Urethritis microbiology
- Abstract
Objectives: To detect microorganisms responsible for male acute urethritis and to define the microbiology of non-gonococcal urethritis., Methods: The present study comprised 424 men with symptoms and signs compatible with acute urethritis. Their urethral swabs and first-voided urine underwent detection of the microorganisms. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of Mycoplasma genitalium-, Ureaplasma urealyticum-, Haemophilus influenza-, adenovirus- or Herpes simplex virus-positive monomicrobial non-gonococcal urethritis, or all-examined microorganism-negative urethritis in heterosexual men were compared with urethritis positive only for Chlamydia trachomatis., Results: Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 127 men (30.0%). In 297 men with non-gonococcal urethritis, C. trachomatis was detected in 143 (48.1%). In 154 men with non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis, M. genitalium (22.7%), M. hominis (5.8%), Ureaplasma parvum (9.1%), U. urealyticum (19.5%), H. influenzae (14.3%), Neisseria meningitidis (3.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis (1.3%), human adenovirus (16.2%), and Herpes simplex virus types 1 (7.1%) and 2 (2.6%) were detected. Although some features of monomicrobial non-chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis or all-examined microorganism-negative urethritis were significantly different from those of monomicrobial chlamydial non-gonococcal urethritis, most features were superimposed., Conclusions: Predicting causative microorganisms in men with non-gonococcal urethritis based on demographic and clinical features is difficult. However, the present study provides useful information to better understand the microbiological diversity in non-gonococcal urethritis, and to manage patients with non-gonococcal urethritis appropriately., (© 2016 The Japanese Urological Association.)
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- 2016
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217. Facial Swelling and Rash Following Tooth Extraction.
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Ham H, Uy CE, and DeWitt D
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Angioedema etiology, Angioedema microbiology, Exanthema etiology, Exanthema microbiology, Facial Pain etiology, Facial Pain microbiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Angioedema diagnosis, Exanthema diagnosis, Facial Pain diagnosis, Tooth Extraction adverse effects
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- 2016
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218. Cognitive Dysfunction After Cranial Radiation for a Brain Tumor.
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Toler J, Deputy S, Zakris E, and Bégué RE
- Subjects
- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Brain Stem Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Brain Stem Neoplasms drug therapy, Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis, Dacarbazine analogs & derivatives, Dacarbazine therapeutic use, Delirium etiology, Delirium virology, Dexamethasone therapeutic use, Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex complications, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Female, Glioma diagnostic imaging, Glioma drug therapy, Humans, Leukocytosis virology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Seizures diagnosis, Seizures virology, Temozolomide, Young Adult, Brain Stem Neoplasms radiotherapy, Cognitive Dysfunction virology, Cranial Irradiation adverse effects, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex etiology, Glioma radiotherapy, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
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- 2016
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219. Sexually transmitted infections and use of contraceptives in women living with HIV in Denmark - the SHADE cohort.
- Author
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Thorsteinsson K, Ladelund S, Storgaard M, Rønsholt FF, Johansen IS, Pedersen G, Nielsen LN, Bonde J, Westh H, Obel N, Katzenstein TL, and Lebech AM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Contraception methods, Denmark, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Herpes Simplex complications, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpes Simplex epidemiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial complications, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial diagnosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial epidemiology, Young Adult, Condoms statistics & numerical data, Contraception statistics & numerical data, HIV Infections complications, HIV-1, Herpes Simplex prevention & control, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: No Danish guidelines for screening of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in women living with HIV (WLWH) exist, except for annual syphilis testing. Drug-drug interaction between hormonal contraceptives and some types of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) occurs. We assessed prevalence of STIs, contraceptive choices and predictors of condom use in a cohort of WLWH in Denmark., Methods: WLWH consecutively enrolled during their outpatient visits from 2011 to 2012. Gynaecological examination and an interview were performed at entry and 6-month follow-up. Inclusion criteria were HIV-1 infection and ≥ 18 years of age. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, alcohol- or drug abuse impeding adherence to the protocol. At entry, participants were tested (and where appropriate, treated according to guidelines) for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, syphilis, and herpes simplex (HSV-1 and HSV-2). At follow-up, predictors of condom use were estimated in sexually active WLWH., Results: In total, 334 of the 1,392 eligible WLWH in Denmark were included (median age and HIV duration: 42.5 and 11.3 years). Chlamydia trachomatis was present in four individuals (1 %), and six (2 %) tested positive for HSV-2 by PCR. None were positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV-1 or had active syphilis. At follow-up, 252 (76 %) participated; 168 (70 %) were sexually active. Contraceptives were used by 124 (75 %); condoms were preferred (62 %). Having an HIV-negative partner predicted condom use (adjusted OR 3.89 (95 %CI 1.49-10.11)). In the group of participants of reproductive age without pregnancy desires 13 % used no birth-control. Possible drug-drug interaction between hormonal contraceptives and HAART was found in 13/14 WLWH receiving both kinds of medication., Conclusion: The prevalence of STIs in WLWH in Denmark was low. The need for annual STI screening is questionable. Condoms were preferred contraceptives, especially in WLWH with an HIV-negative partner. In this cohort, 13 % of WLWH of reproductive age were at risk of unintended pregnancies due to lack of birth-control. Finally, in the subgroup of WLWH receiving both hormonal contraceptives and HAART possible drug-drug interactions could occur.
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- 2016
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220. Simultaneous Detection of Five Pathogens from Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens Using Luminex Technology.
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Zhou L, Wu R, Shi X, Feng D, Feng G, Yang Y, Dai W, Bian T, Liu T, He Y, Shi M, and Zhao G
- Subjects
- Central Nervous System Infections diagnosis, Humans, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cerebrospinal Fluid microbiology, Cryptococcus neoformans isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Streptococcus pneumoniae isolation & purification
- Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the outcome of central nervous system (CNS) infections. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR-Luminex assay for the simultaneous detection of five major pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, which frequently cause CNS infections. Through the hybridization reaction between multiplex PCR-amplified targets and oligonucleotide "anti-TAG" sequences, we found that the PCR-Luminex assay could detect as low as 10¹-10² copies of synthetic pathogen DNAs. Furthermore, 163 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from patients with suspected CNS infections were used to evaluate the efficiency of this multiplex PCR-Luminex method. Compared with Ziehl-Neelsen stain, this assay showed a high diagnostic accuracy for tuberculosis meningitis (sensitivity, 90.7% and specificity, 99.1%). For cryptococcal meningitis, the sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 97.1%, respectively, compared with the May Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) stain. For herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 encephalitis, the sensitivities were 80.8% and 100%, and the specificities were 94.2% and 99%, respectively, compared with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) assays. Taken together, this multiplex PCR-Luminex assay showed potential efficiency for the simultaneous detection of five pathogens and may be a promising supplement to conventional methods for diagnosing CNS infections.
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- 2016
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221. Biting Cousins-Disseminated Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection from a Human Bite.
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Mann E, Pitt M, and McAllister S
- Subjects
- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Family, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy, Bites, Human virology, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Herpes Simplex transmission, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
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- 2016
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222. Fatal Neonatal Herpes Simplex Infection Likely from Unrecognized Breast Lesions.
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Field SS
- Subjects
- Adult, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Breast virology, Breast Feeding adverse effects, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpes Simplex transmission, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis
- Abstract
Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) is very prevalent yet in rare circumstances can lead to fatal neonatal disease. Genital acquisition of type 2 HSV is the usual mode for neonatal herpes, but HSV-1 transmission by genital or extragenital means may result in greater mortality rates. A very rare scenario is presented in which the mode of transmission was likely through breast lesions. The lesions were seen by nurses as well as the lactation consultant and obstetrician in the hospital after delivery of the affected baby but not recognized as possibly being caused by herpes. The baby died 9 days after birth with hepatic failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Peripartum health care workers need to be aware of potential nongenital (including from the breast[s]) neonatal herpes acquisition, which can be lethal., (© The Author(s) 2015.)
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- 2016
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223. Chronic herpes simplex type-1 encephalitis with intractable epilepsy in an immunosuppressed patient.
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Laohathai C, Weber DJ, Hayat G, and Thomas FP
- Subjects
- Brain diagnostic imaging, Cerebrospinal Fluid virology, Chronic Disease, DNA, Viral analysis, DNA, Viral genetics, Drug Resistant Epilepsy pathology, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex pathology, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Liver Transplantation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transplant Recipients, Drug Resistant Epilepsy diagnosis, Drug Resistant Epilepsy etiology, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex complications, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Chronic herpes simplex virus type-1 encephalitis (HSE-1) is uncommon. Past reports focused on its association with prior documented acute infection. Here, we describe a patient with increasingly intractable epilepsy from chronic HSE-1 reactivation without history of acute central nervous system infection., Case Presentation: A 49-year-old liver transplant patient with 4-year history of epilepsy after initiation of cyclosporine developed increasingly frequent seizures over 3 months. Serial brain magnetic resonance imaging showed left temporoparietal cortical edema that gradually improved despite clinical decline. Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) DNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Cerebrospinal fluid HSV-1&2 IgM was negative. Seizures were controlled after acyclovir treatment, and the patient remained seizure free at 1-year follow-up., Conclusion: Chronic HSE is a cause of intractable epilepsy, can occur without a recognized preceding acute phase, and the clinical course of infection may not directly correlate with neuroimaging changes.
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- 2016
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224. Association of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis with intraepithelial alterations in cervix samples.
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Wohlmeister D, Vianna DR, Helfer VE, Gimenes F, Consolaro ME, Barcellos RB, Rossetti ML, Calil LN, Buffon A, and Pilger DA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Carcinogenesis, Cervix Uteri pathology, Chlamydia Infections complications, Chlamydia Infections epidemiology, Coinfection, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Epithelium virology, Female, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Middle Aged, Molecular Typing, Mycoplasma genitalium isolation & purification, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification, Papillomaviridae classification, Papillomavirus Infections complications, Papillomavirus Infections epidemiology, Risk Factors, Treponema pallidum isolation & purification, Trichomonas vaginalis isolation & purification, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms microbiology, Young Adult, Cervix Uteri microbiology, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, DNA, Viral isolation & purification, Papillomaviridae isolation & purification, Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix microbiology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms prevention & control
- Abstract
The influence of different infectious agents and their association with human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis have not been completely elucidated. This study describes the association between cytological changes in cervical epithelium and the detection of the most relevant aetiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Samples collected from 169 patients were evaluated by conventional cytology followed by molecular analysis to detect HPV DNA, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2,Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, andTreponema pallidum, besides genotyping for most common high-risk HPV. An association between cytological lesions and different behavioural habits such as smoking and sedentariness was observed. Intraepithelial lesions were also associated with HPV and C. trachomatis detection. An association was also found between both simple and multiple genotype infection and cytological changes. The investigation of HPV and C. trachomatisproved its importance and may be considered in the future for including in screening programs, since these factors are linked to the early diagnosis of patients with precursor lesions of cervical cancer.
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- 2016
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225. Rituximab and Acute Retinal Necrosis in a Patient with Scleromalacia and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
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Schuler S, Brunner M, and Bernauer W
- Subjects
- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Aqueous Humor virology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Eye Infections, Viral diagnosis, Eye Infections, Viral drug therapy, Female, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 1, Human physiology, Humans, Middle Aged, Prednisone therapeutic use, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute diagnosis, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute drug therapy, Virus Activation drug effects, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Eye Infections, Viral etiology, Herpes Simplex etiology, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute etiology, Rituximab adverse effects, Scleritis drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: Rituximab is a widely used biologic agent, which has shown favourable results in the treatment of vasculitis. But immunosuppressive treatment also bears the risk of severe complications., Methods: A patient with rheumatoid arthritis, progressive scleromalacia, and acute retinal necrosis on therapy with rituximab is reported., Results: For the first time, a correlation between rituximab and acute retinal necrosis in a patient with progressive rheumatoid scleromalacia is shown., Conclusions: Although rituximab is a promising biologic agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, it bears the risk of reactivation of viral infections, including the onset of acute retinal necrosis.
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- 2016
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226. [Comparison of three multiplex real-time PCR assays for the detection of herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 DNA].
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Majewska A, Przybylski M, Machura P, Mlynarczyk G, and Dzieciqtkowski T
- Subjects
- DNA, Viral analysis, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Abstract
Introduction: Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause widespread infection worldwide with different course and intensity. Although the disease caused by this viruses mainly concern healthy children and adults, the HSV infections are much more dangerous for people with immunodeficiencies. The aim of this work was to compare the diagnostic value of two qPCR methods for detection HSV-1/2 DNA, based on TaqMan* and HybProbes chemistry with commercial HSV-1/2 Qual Kit., Methods: DNA from 51 clinical samples was tested for presence of HSV-1/2 sequences on LightCycler 2.0 thermocycler, using two ,,in-house" developed multiplex real-time PCR assays and commercial test using SCORPIONSTM primers., Results: The results showed high specificity and sensitivity of all molecular biology tests used. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity of real-time PCR assays when using TaqMan* and HybProbes' chemistry and when using the commercial SCORPIONSTM based method (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Obtained results show that all tested methods are highly specific and can possibly be used to simultaneously detect and differentiate HSV-1/2 DNA in clinical samples. The high detection rate and short duration of qPCR assayas has great importance for immunocompromised patients where quick application of effective and safe treatment is necessary. It is also important in the event of amorphous form of the infection and the occurrence of nonspecific and generalized symptoms.
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- 2016
227. Extensive haemorrhagic-crusted skin lesions in oxygen face mask distribution in a renal transplant patient.
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Tahir W, Hakeem AR, Farid S, Baker R, and Ahmad N
- Subjects
- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Hemorrhage drug therapy, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Face virology, Hemorrhage virology, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Kidney Transplantation, Masks virology
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- 2016
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228. Herpes simplex encephalitis in a captive black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya).
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Barnes KJ, Garner MM, Wise AG, Persiani M, Maes RK, and Kiupel M
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Alouatta, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex veterinary, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
An 18-month-old captive black howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) died after a 3-day history of neurologic signs. Gross findings at autopsy were limited to bloody, yellow, and foul-smelling intestinal contents. Histologically, there was extensive necrotizing meningoencephalitis predominantly in both cerebral hemispheres, and lymphohistiocytic, neutrophilic infiltrate expanded the subarachnoid and Virchow-Robbin space. In the most severely affected regions, neurons contained eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by a clear halo and margination of the chromatin. Electron microscopy of the affected cells revealed numerous intranuclear viral particles characteristic of herpesvirus. Immunohistochemically, neurons and glial cells in the affected regions were labeled with a monoclonal antibody against Human herpesvirus 1, and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction., (© 2015 The Author(s).)
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- 2016
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229. The occurrence of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 in skin and mucosal lesions in patients with suspicion of genital herpes.
- Author
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Gorka E, Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B, Machura P, Majewska A, Dzieciqtkowski T, Mlynarzyk G, Malejczyk M, and Majewski S
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, DNA, Viral analysis, Female, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mucous Membrane virology, Skin virology, Young Adult, Anal Canal virology, Genitalia virology, Herpes Genitalis epidemiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
Introduction: Infection with herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and 2 or Human herpesvirus HHV) are one of the most common infections in human. Real time PCR is a sensitive and specific method for diagnostics of HHV infections. The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of HHV 1 and HHV 2 DNA in patient with clinical symptoms suggesting HHV infection., Methods: We used real time PCR to investigate swabs from genital and perianal lesions from 74 patients of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical University Warsaw and of gynecological outpatient clinics in Warsaw 40 women and 34 men., Results: The results were positive for HHV 2 in 25 cases (34%), for HHV 1 in 19 cases (26%) and for both viruses in 20 cases (27%). 10 samples were negative for both viruses., Conclusions: The results confirm that the main cause of symptomatic genital herpes is HHV 2, however the percentage of HHV 1 and specially of mixed HHV 1/HHV 2 infections was unexpectedly high.
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- 2016
230. Immunofluorescence diagnosis of the herpesvirus stillborn infection.
- Author
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Glukhovets BI, Glukhovets NG, Belitchenko NV, and Sosunova OA
- Subjects
- Adult, Autopsy, Brain pathology, Brain virology, Cytomegalovirus immunology, Cytomegalovirus isolation & purification, Cytomegalovirus Infections mortality, Cytomegalovirus Infections pathology, Cytomegalovirus Infections virology, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique methods, Heart virology, Herpes Genitalis mortality, Herpes Genitalis pathology, Herpes Genitalis virology, Herpes Simplex mortality, Herpes Simplex pathology, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human immunology, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Liver pathology, Liver virology, Lung pathology, Lung virology, Male, Placenta pathology, Placenta virology, Pregnancy, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis, Herpes Genitalis diagnosis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Stillbirth
- Abstract
Congenital herpes infection belongs to the category of actual problems of Perinatal Medicine. Pathological diagnosis of this disease is not effective in the routine method of autopsy studies without virological research. Objective. Determination of the value of the fluorescent antibody technique in the diagnosis of congenital herpes infection of the stillborn is a promising approach to medical diagnosis. subjects and methods. In 96 cases of stillbirth immunofluorescent identification of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and cytomegalovirus in the placenta and internal organs (brain, heart, lungs, and liver) was implemented. The findings were compared with the results of a complete histological examination of the heart, including its rhythmogenic centers. Results. The herpes viruses were found in 51 observations (53.1%). Among them, HSV-1 were found in 16 observations (16.7%), HSV-2, in 19 (19.7%), CMV, in 16 (16.7%). In 34 stillbirths (35.8%) the pathological signs of herpetic atrial myocarditis were observed, which were regarded as the cause of death. Conclusion. The use of the fluorescent antibody technique in the autopsy practice is an effective way of diagnosis of intrauterine infection caused by the herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.
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- 2016
231. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the identification of encephalitis-causing viruses: Unexpected detection of human herpesvirus 1 while searching for RNA pathogens.
- Author
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Perlejewski K, Popiel M, Laskus T, Nakamura S, Motooka D, Stokowy T, Lipowski D, Pollak A, Lechowicz U, Caraballo Cortés K, Stępień A, Radkowski M, and Bukowska-Ośko I
- Subjects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Encephalitis, Viral diagnosis, Encephalitis, Viral virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing methods, RNA, Viral cerebrospinal fluid, Sequence Analysis, RNA methods
- Abstract
Background: Encephalitis is a severe neurological syndrome usually caused by viruses. Despite significant progress in diagnostic techniques, the causative agent remains unidentified in the majority of cases. The aim of the present study was to test an alternative approach for the detection of putative pathogens in encephalitis using next-generation sequencing (NGS)., Methods: RNA was extracted from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a 60-year-old male patient with encephalitis and subjected to isothermal linear nucleic acid amplification (Ribo-SPIA, NuGen) followed by next-generation sequencing using MiSeq (Illumina) system and metagenomics data analysis., Results: The sequencing run yielded 1,578,856 reads overall and 2579 reads matched human herpesvirus I (HHV-1) genome; the presence of this pathogen in CSF was confirmed by specific PCR. In subsequent experiments we found that the DNAse I treatment, while lowering the background of host-derived sequences, lowered the number of detectable HHV-1 sequences by a factor of 4. Furthermore, we found that the routine extraction of total RNA by the Chomczynski method could be used for identification of both DNA and RNA pathogens in typical clinical settings, as it results in retention of a significant amount of DNA., Conclusion: In summary, it seems that NGS preceded by nucleic acid amplification could supplement currently used diagnostic methods in encephalitis., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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232. Current topics of primary management for encephalitis.
- Author
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Kamei S
- Subjects
- Disease Management, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human drug effects, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonists & inhibitors
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- 2015
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233. Herpes Simplex Virus: New Testing, New Thinking.
- Author
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Knerr SM
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Infant, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
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- 2015
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234. Comparative Evaluation of AmpliVue HSV 1+2 Assay with ELVIS Culture for Detecting Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in Clinical Specimens.
- Author
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Granato PA, Alkins BR, Yen-Lieberman B, Greene WH, Connolly J, Buchan BW, and Ledeboer NA
- Subjects
- Herpes Simplex virology, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Mucous Membrane virology, Skin virology, Virus Cultivation methods
- Abstract
The AmpliVue HSV 1+2 assay was compared to the ELVIS HSV ID and D(3) Typing Culture System for the qualitative detection and differentiation of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 DNA in 1,351 cutaneous and mucocutaneous specimens. Compared to ELVIS, AmpliVue had sensitivities of 95.7 and 97.6% for detecting HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. Following arbitration of discordant results by an independent molecular method, the AmpliVue assay had a resolved sensitivity and specificity of 99.2 and 99.7%, respectively, for both HSV-1 and HSV-2, whereas ELVIS had a resolved sensitivity of 87.1% for HSV-1 and 84.5% for HSV-2., (Copyright © 2015 Granato et al.)
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- 2015
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235. Testing for Herpes Simplex Virus in Low-Volume Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples: Comparison of Three Protocols To Optimize Detection.
- Author
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Espy MJ, Irish CL, and Binnicker MJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Cerebrospinal Fluid virology, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
- Abstract
Detection of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a medical emergency and requires rapid, sensitive testing. However, the volume of CSF received for microbiological studies may be limited, especially from young children. In this study, we compared three testing protocols to our routine real-time PCR method to determine the most sensitive approach for detecting HSV-1 and HSV-2 in low-volume (≤100 μl) CSF.
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- 2015
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236. Herpes Simplex Virus Sepsis in a Young Woman with Crohn's Disease.
- Author
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Haag LM, Hofmann J, Kredel LI, Holzem C, Kühl AA, Taube ET, Schubert S, Siegmund B, and Epple HJ
- Subjects
- Crohn Disease immunology, Crohn Disease virology, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Hepatitis, Viral, Human immunology, Herpes Simplex immunology, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Sepsis immunology, Sepsis virology, Young Adult, Crohn Disease drug therapy, Hepatitis, Viral, Human diagnosis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Immunocompromised Host, Immunosuppressive Agents adverse effects, Sepsis diagnosis
- Abstract
We present the case of a herpes simplex virus-1 [HSV-1] sepsis with severe herpes hepatitis in a young female treated with triple immunosuppressive therapy [adalimumab, azathioprine, prednisolone] for refractory Crohn's disease [CD]. The patient presented with high fever, generalised abdominal tenderness, strongly elevated transaminases, coagulopathy, and pancytopenia. Comprehensive diagnostics including blood HSV-1 polymerase chain reaction [PCR], liver biopsy, and immunohistochemistry revealed the diagnosis of fulminant herpes hepatitis. HSV-1 positivity of cutaneous lesions proved the disseminated nature of the infection. Early treatment with intravenous acyclovir led to a rapid improvement of the patient's condition and resulted in a full recovery of her liver function. This is the first reported case of HSV-sepsis in a patient with CD. Physicians treating inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients with combined immunosuppressive therapy should be aware of the possibility of herpes hepatitis, and early empirical antiviral therapy should be considered in immunosuppressed patients presenting with fever and severe anicteric hepatitis., (Copyright © 2015 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2015
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237. Novel method for genotyping clinical herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates.
- Author
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Glück B, Möbius S, Pfaff F, Zell R, and Sauerbrei A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Base Sequence, Female, Genotype, Herpesvirus 1, Human classification, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Viral Envelope Proteins genetics, Young Adult, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification
- Abstract
Up to now, three distinct genotypes, A, B and C, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), based on polymorphisms in the US4 and US7 genes, have been reported. Here, we propose to include an additional polymorphism of the US2 gene. The refined genotyping method was validated using 423 clinical isolates from patients with different HSV-1 diseases. The proportions of three US2 genotypes were A, 46.6%; B, 23.2%; and C, 30.2 %. Genotype A of US2 and US4/US7 showed a highly significant correlation. In addition, the frequency of genotype A was significantly higher in women than in men with herpes labialis.
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- 2015
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238. Spectral domain and swept source optical coherence tomography findings in acute retinal necrosis.
- Author
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Ohtake-Matsumoto A, Keino H, Koto T, and Okada AA
- Subjects
- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Administration, Oral, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Aqueous Humor virology, DNA, Viral genetics, Drug Therapy, Combination, Eye Infections, Viral drug therapy, Eye Infections, Viral virology, Female, Fluorescein Angiography, Ganciclovir therapeutic use, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Intravitreal Injections, Macular Edema drug therapy, Macular Edema virology, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Prednisolone therapeutic use, Retinal Detachment diagnosis, Retinal Detachment drug therapy, Retinal Detachment virology, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute drug therapy, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute virology, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Eye Infections, Viral diagnosis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Macular Edema diagnosis, Retinal Necrosis Syndrome, Acute diagnosis
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- 2015
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239. Clinical evaluation of a helicase-dependant amplification (HDA)-based commercial assay for the simultaneous detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2.
- Author
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Teo JW, Chiang D, Jureen R, and Lin RT
- Subjects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 2, Human genetics, Humans, DNA Helicases metabolism, Herpesviridae Infections diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques methods
- Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the performance of a commercial assay, the AmpliVue HSV 1+2 Assay (Quidel), which employs HDA for the detection of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. The assay was tested on 307 clinical specimens (genital, oral, and dermal). When compared to shell vial virus culture and immunofluorescence typing of HSV, the positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement values were 98.2% and 90.9%, respectively. Excellent assay performance was demonstrated., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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240. Nested PCR for detection of HSV-1 in oral mucosa.
- Author
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Jalouli MM, Jalouli J, Hasséus B, Öhman J, Hirsch JM, and Sand L
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Leukoplakia, Oral virology, Mouth Mucosa virology, Mouth Neoplasms virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Abstract
Background: It has been estimated that 15%-20% of human tumours are driven by infection and inflammation, and viral infections play an important role in malignant transformation. The evidence that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) could be involved in the aetiology of oral cancer varies from weak to persuasive. This study aimed to investigate by nested PCR (NPCR) the prevalence of HSV-1 in samples from normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Material and Methods: We investigated the prevalence of HSV-1 in biopsies obtained from 26 fresh, normal oral mucosa from healthy volunteers as well as 53 oral leukoplakia and 27 OSCC paraffin-embedded samples. DNA was extracted from the specimens and investigated for the presence of HSV-1 by nested polymerase chain reaction (NPCR) and DNA sequencing., Results: HSV-1 was detected in 14 (54%) of the healthy samples, in 19 (36%) of the oral leukoplakia samples, and in 14 (52%) of the OSCC samples. The differences were not statistically significant., Conclusions: We observed a high incidence of HSV-1 in healthy oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia, and OSCC tissues. Thus, no connection between OSCC development and presence of HSV-1 was detected.
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- 2015
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241. Y chromosome DNA in cervicovaginal self-collected samples of childbearing age women: Implications for epitheliotropic sexually transmitted infections?
- Author
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Silva J, Cerqueira F, and Medeiros R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Chlamydia Infections epidemiology, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Female, Herpes Simplex epidemiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Papillomavirus Infections epidemiology, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, Sexually Transmitted Diseases epidemiology, Specimen Handling, Young Adult, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Papillomaviridae isolation & purification, Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases diagnosis, Simplexvirus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Aims: Assuming a possible association between Y chromosome (Yc)-DNA and sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission rate, could Yc-DNA be related to an increased prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1/2) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT)? Could Yc-DNA be used to validate self-reported condom use and sexual behaviors?, Main Methods: Cervicovaginal (CV) self-collected samples of 612 Portuguese women at childbearing age were tested for Yc, HPV, HSV-1/2 and CT by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)., Key Findings: The prevalence of Yc, HPV, CT and HSV-2 was 4.9%, 17.6%, 11.6% and 2.8%, respectively. There was a statistically significant trend for increased Yc-DNA prevalence in HPV positive samples [odds ratio (OR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-5.31] and oral contraceptive (OC) use (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.09-20.44). A protective effect of condom use was observed in Yc-DNA detection (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.89). No statistically significant difference was found between Yc-DNA, CT and HSV-2 infection. HPV infection risk increased with age (>20 years), young age at first sexual intercourse (FSI) (≤18 years), >1 lifetime sexual partner (LSP) and OC use. Risk factors for CT infection were young age (≤20 years) and young age at FSI (≤18 years). HSV-2 infection risk increased with age (>20 years) and >1 LSP., Significance: Considering the prevalence of HPV and CT in Yc positive samples, we hypothesize a current infection due to recent sexual activity. The study of Yc PCR may add information as (i) a predictor of STI transmission and (ii) an indicative biomarker to validate self-reported condom use., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2015
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242. A rare infectious cause of severe neonatal skin lesions.
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Demeulemeester V, Voeten M, Jacquemyn Y, and Mahieu L
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- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Erythema etiology, Herpes Simplex drug therapy, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Leg Bones diagnostic imaging, Male, Radiography, Herpes Simplex congenital, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Infant, Extremely Premature, Skin pathology
- Abstract
We present a case of a preterm infant of 28 weeks' gestation with unique cutaneous lesions characteristic of a congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 infection. The infant was prematurely delivered due to intractable labour. The mother had no history or clinical signs of genital infection before or during pregnancy. The infant's skin lesions were described as rough white-yellow plaques; a skin biopsy demonstrated calcified plaques and absent epidermis. HSV type 1 was later determined using PCR on the infant's skin biopsy and cerebral spinal fluid as well as the mother's vaginal swab and the placenta. Calcifications have already been described by Allee et al, alongside a diagnosis of HSV type 2. As is well known, the morbidity and mortality of congenital herpes infections are very high., (2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.)
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- 2015
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243. Bioactive natural products with anti-herpes simplex virus properties.
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Hassan ST, Masarčíková R, and Berchová K
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- Animals, Antiviral Agents adverse effects, Antiviral Agents isolation & purification, Biological Products adverse effects, Biological Products isolation & purification, Drug Design, Drug Resistance, Viral, Herpes Simplex virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Biological Products pharmacology, Herpes Simplex drug therapy
- Abstract
Objectives: In this review, we highlight and summarise the most promising extracts, fractions and pure compounds as potential anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV) agents derived from microorganisms, marine organisms, fungi, animals and plants. The role of natural products in the development of anti-HSV drugs will be discussed., Key Findings: Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and -2) are common human pathogens that remain a serious threat to human health. In recent years, a great interest has been devoted to the search for integrated management of HSV infections. Acyclovir and related nucleoside analogues have been licensed for the therapy that target viral DNA polymerase. Although these drugs are currently effective against HSV infections, the intensive use of these drugs has led to the problem of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, the search for new sources to develop new antiherpetic agents has gained major priority to overcome the problem., Summary: Natural products as potential, new anti-HSV drugs provide several advantages such as reduced side effects, less resistance, low toxicity and various mechanisms of action. This paper aims to provide an overview of natural products that possess antiviral activity against HSV., (© 2015 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.)
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- 2015
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244. Herpes Simplex Virus Disease of the Anterior Segment in Children.
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Serna-Ojeda JC, Ramirez-Miranda A, Navas A, Jimenez-Corona A, and Graue-Hernandez EO
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- Acyclovir therapeutic use, Administration, Oral, Administration, Topical, Adolescent, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, DNA, Viral analysis, Eye Infections, Viral drug therapy, Eye Infections, Viral virology, Female, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Infant, Keratitis, Dendritic diagnosis, Keratitis, Dendritic drug therapy, Keratitis, Dendritic virology, Keratitis, Herpetic drug therapy, Keratitis, Herpetic virology, Male, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Retrospective Studies, Anterior Eye Segment virology, Eye Infections, Viral diagnosis, Keratitis, Herpetic diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the clinical presentation, characteristics, treatment, recurrences, and final outcomes and complications of herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease of the anterior segment in patients aged 17 years or younger., Methods: This is an observational and retrospective study with review of the medical records of all the children diagnosed with herpes simplex infection of the anterior segment at an ophthalmologic referral center, from 2002 to 2012. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the history and examination of patients and in specific cases by viral culture and the polymerase chain reaction. Main outcome measurements included final visual acuity, bilateral disease, and recurrence. Recurrent disease was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves., Results: A total of 103 patients were included with a median age at presentation of 9 years. Of them, 6 had bilateral and simultaneous disease. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range, 18 days-12 years). The most common clinical manifestations were epithelial dendritic keratitis in 42 eyes (38.5%) and interstitial keratitis in 39 eyes (35.7%), with 15 patients presenting multiple forms of HSV disease. The median final visual acuity in the group of patients was 20/40. Recurrent disease was evident in 42 (38.5%) of the eyes, with a median recurrence time of 15 months (95% confidence interval, 8.1-26.2 months)., Conclusions: In this study, epithelial dendritic and interstitial keratitis were the most frequent forms of disease in the pediatric population with HSV of the anterior segment. A high rate of recurrent disease was present.
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- 2015
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245. Detection of cytomegalovirus, human parvovirus B19, and herpes simplex virus-1/2 in women with first-trimester spontaneous abortions.
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Zhou Y, Bian G, Zhou Q, Gao Z, Liao P, Liu Y, and He M
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- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Antibodies, Viral blood, Cytomegalovirus genetics, Cytomegalovirus immunology, Cytomegalovirus pathogenicity, Cytomegalovirus Infections diagnosis, Female, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Human immunology, Herpesvirus 2, Human genetics, Herpesvirus 2, Human immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Middle Aged, Parvoviridae Infections diagnosis, Parvovirus B19, Human genetics, Parvovirus B19, Human immunology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Young Adult, Abortion, Spontaneous virology, Cytomegalovirus isolation & purification, DNA, Viral blood, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Parvovirus B19, Human isolation & purification, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious virology
- Abstract
The relationship between viral infections and first-trimester spontaneous abortions is not well-understood. The study aim was to investigate the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), and herpes simplex virus-1/2 (HSV-1/2) infection by molecular and serological techniques in women experiencing spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy. Plasma samples were examined for CMV, B19V, and HSV-1/2 DNA using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time qPCR), and for specific IgG antibodies against B19V, CMV, and HSV-1/2 using serological assays. The abortion group consisted of women (n = 1,716) with a history of two or more first-trimester spontaneous abortions. Women younger than 30 years possess higher portion to experience spontaneous abortion. No specimens were positive for B19V or CMV DNA. Seven out of the 1,716 specimens were positive for HSV-1/2 DNA. By serology, 47.24% of patients were positive for B19V IgG, 39.66% for HSV IgG, 79.31% for CMV IgG, and 9.31% for B19V IgM. The high rate of positivity for CMV IgG suggests that the majority of women with first-trimester spontaneous abortions are not susceptible to primary CMV infection. The lack of virus DNA in the majority of cases indicates that B19V, CMV, and HSV-1/2 infection is not commonly associated with first-trimester spontaneous abortion., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
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- 2015
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246. Genotypic Characterization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Isolates in Immunocompromised Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Perse da Silva A, Lopes Ade O, Vieira YR, de Almeida AJ, Sion FS, Grinsztejn B, Wagner S, and de Paula VS
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brazil, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Herpes Simplex epidemiology, Herpes Simplex immunology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Genotype, Herpes Simplex genetics, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Immunocompromised Host, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, including an increased risk of developing more severe disease in HIV-infected individuals. In Brazil, there is no information about the molecular epidemiology of HSV-1 infection, especially in HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to perform the genotypic characterization of HSV-1 among HIV-infected patients. A total of 214 serum samples from HIV-positive patients without HSV infection symptoms were enrolled in one of two reference hospitals for HIV infection managing in Rio de Janeiro. The gG and gI genes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and full nucleotide sequencing of the US8 (1601 bp), UL44 (1996 bp), and UL23 (1244 bp) regions was performed. A total of 38.3% (82/214) and 32.7% (70/214) of the serum samples tested positive for gG and gI genes, respectively. RFLP analysis classified the HSV-1 as belonging to genotype A. Phylogenetic analysis of the Brazilian samples for the US8, UL44, and UL23 regions demonstrated that the nucleotide identity between Brazilian samples was higher than 97% for all genes. No acyclovir mutation was detected in the patients. The shedding of HSV in the serum samples from HIV-positive patients who were asymptomatic for HSV infection was detected in this work. This is the first report of molecular characterization of HSV-1 in Brazilian samples since there is no previous data available in the literature concerning the genotypic classification and stable distribution of Brazilian strains of HSV-1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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- 2015
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247. [Postpartum herpetic encephalitis complicated by cerebral hematoma].
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Zabroug S, Idalène M, Azmoun S, Ihbibane F, and Tassi N
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- Adult, DNA, Viral cerebrospinal fluid, Diagnosis, Differential, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex cerebrospinal fluid, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex diagnosis, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex psychology, Female, Hematoma physiopathology, Herpesvirus 1, Human genetics, Humans, Mental Disorders etiology, Muscle Hypertonia etiology, Neck Pain etiology, Pregnancy, Psychotic Disorders complications, Psychotic Disorders diagnosis, Psychotic Disorders genetics, Recurrence, Cerebral Hemorrhage etiology, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex complications, Hematoma etiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Puerperal Disorders diagnosis
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- 2015
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248. Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 and Coinfection With HIV and Syphilis: The First National Seroprevalence Survey in Saudi Arabia.
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Memish ZA, Almasri M, Chentoufi AA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Shangiti AM, Al-Kabbani KM, Otaibi B, Assirri A, and Yezli S
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Herpes Simplex blood, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Saudi Arabia epidemiology, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Syphilis blood, Treponema pallidum isolation & purification, Young Adult, Coinfection epidemiology, Herpes Simplex epidemiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 2, Human isolation & purification, Syphilis epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is one of the most common viral infections worldwide. Genital herpes is associated with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. Data on prevalence of HSV infections and other STIs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are limited., Methods: We conducted the first national seroprevalence survey to determine the prevalence and epidemiology of HSV infection among adult Saudis and coinfection with other STIs. Serology was used to detect HSV-1, HSV-2, HIV, and syphilis infections among 4985 participants recruited from across the Kingdom., Results: The overall prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the enrolled population was 88.8% and 1.26%, respectively. Although not significant for HSV-2, HSV infection was more prevalent among females, those working, and those who were married (married, divorced, or widowed), especially those married at a younger age. Prevalence of both viruses was statistically significantly higher among those with low education and increased with age. Prevalence of Treponema pallidum antibodies and HIV in the sampled population was very low (0.55% and 0.06%, respectively), as was their prevalence among HSV-2-positive participants (1.6% for both). The correlation between HSV-2 infection and other STIs was significant for HIV (P < 0.0001) but not for T. pallidum antibodies (P = 0.25)., Conclusions: Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection is highly prevalent in Saudi Arabia and mostly acquired before adulthood. Herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence is very low, acquired in adulthood, and increased with age. Monitoring the prevalence of HSV infection can help inform targeted strategies to prevent new infections, neonatal transmission, and the spread of other STIs in the Kingdom.
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- 2015
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249. Efficacy of the ND:YAG laser therapy on EBV and HSV1 contamination in periodontal pockets.
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Martelli FS, Bacci G, Martelli ML, Nobili P, Boddi A, Rosati C, and Fanti E
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- Dental Plaque virology, Gingiva virology, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Herpesvirus 4, Human isolation & purification, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Periodontal Pocket epidemiology, Periodontal Pocket virology, Periodontics instrumentation, Periodontics methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Reproducibility of Results, Retrospective Studies, Dental Plaque radiotherapy, Gingiva radiation effects, Herpesvirus 1, Human radiation effects, Herpesvirus 4, Human radiation effects, Lasers, Solid-State therapeutic use, Low-Level Light Therapy methods, Periodontal Pocket radiotherapy
- Abstract
Aim: The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to verify the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of periodontal pockets infected by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1)., Methods: Subgingival plaque samples of 291 Italian periodontal patients were analyzed by Real Time PCR to evaluate the frequency of both viruses before and after Nd:YAG laser-assisted periodontal treatment., Results: Before treatment, EBV and HSV1 were observed in 29.9% and in 3.8% of periodontal patients respectively, while co-infection with both viruses was detected in 1.7% of cases. Periodontal Nd:YAG laser treatment ("Periodontal Biological Laser-Assisted Therapy", PERIOBLAST) produced statistical significant benefits, especially in EBV periodontal infection: 78.2% of EBV positive patients became EBV-negative following treatment., Conclusions: Results of this preliminary study highlight that EBV is found in periodontal pockets more frequently than HSV1, supporting the theory of the potential role of EBV in the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Moreover, our data showed that Nd:YAG laser-assisted periodontal treatment (Perioblast) is also effective in case of viral infection, validating evidences that it represents a successful alternative approach to traditional periodontal protocols.
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- 2015
250. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to acute primary herpes simplex virus 1 infection.
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Drori A, Ribak Y, van Heerden PV, Meir K, Wolf D, and Safadi R
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- Fatal Outcome, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Kidney pathology, Liver pathology, Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic complications, Male, Microscopy, Middle Aged, Multiple Organ Failure diagnosis, Herpes Simplex complications, Herpesvirus 1, Human isolation & purification, Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic diagnosis, Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic pathology
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- 2015
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