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A case of acrodermatitis enteropathica occurred with corneal changes consisting of linear subepithelial corneal opacities. From the results of histochemical and electronmicrographic studies on a biopsy specimen of the corneal lesion, no definite conclusion may be drawn as to whether the corneal changes are a manifestation of acrodermatitis enteropathica or a result of iodochlorhydroxyquin therapy.

Human corneal endothelial cells maintained ultrastructural integrity after organ culture storage at 37 C for 10 to 21 days. Those organ-cultured corneas with postmortem times less than 12 hours had a complete layer of ultrastructurally intact endothelial cells of normal thickness and diameter. When postmortem times were longer than 24 hours, there was a complete layer of ultrastructurally intact endothelial cells that were large in diameter and thin. Control fellow corneas in moist chamber storage at 4 C demonstrated endothelial cell disruption proportional in area and severity to postmortem time duration. This implies that a dynamic process of endothelial repair, presumably by enlargement of remaining viable cells, occurs in organ culture.

Human, chicken, and guinea pig corneas organ cultured (O.C.) from 1 to 4 weeks were transplanted intralamellarly into rabbits. Chicken and guinea pig corneal xenografts O.C. 3 to 4 weeks had statistically significant delayed rejection times compared to fresh controls. In addition, 22 of chicken xenografts O. C. 4 weeks did not reject. Histologically, O.C. xenografts with delayed rejection or nonrejection were hypocellular. Chicken xenografts O.C. 4 weeks in which recipient (autochthonous) rabbit serum replaced the calf serum routinely used in the media also had a significant delay in rejection time when compared to fresh controls or chicken xenografts stored in pooled (allogeneic) rabbit serum. The rejection time of human corneal xenografts O.C. for periods up to 4 weeks was not delayed. These data suggest that in this model, prolonged survival of xenografts after O.C. is species specific and represents a form of immunological modification, possibly reduced antigenicity secondary to donor hypocellularity.

The number distribution of particles between 0.02 and 8 μm was measured using a transmission electron microscope. The accumulative particle size distribution is given by the hyperbolic equation N= aD−b. Distribution of particles <2 μmappears to be controlled by particle- media interactions with a transitional zone between 2 and 5 μ, after which the distribution is controlled by Stokes settling.

Analyzes the stage play 'Allegro.' Plot of the play; Allegory nature of the play; Casts of the play.

The recorded incidence of retinoblastoma among twins is exceptionally low, and many of the reports are incomplete. The mean frequency of twinning in United States is 1 in 86 births, with one-fourth to one-third being reported as monozygous. One would expect a higher incidence of retinoblastoma occurring among twins, and in particular identical twins, than the literature reveals. Four pairs of monozygosity and probably four others, in which each of the twins developed retinoblastoma are recorded.1,2 In one of the pairs of monozygosity quoted by François, namely that of Duncan and Maynard, there is no evidence to show that the twins were definitely monozygotic.3 Walker *4 has reported the only occurrence of retinoblastoma in one of a pair of identical twins. Six cases of dizygotic twins are recorded, and in only one pair both twins were affected.2Table 1 summarizes the recorded cases of twinning and retinoblastoma

There is evidence to suggest that the response of the lens to certain physiologic or metabolic stresses varies with the lens age. The observation is of more than passing interest. The immediate importance of such information concerns its application to various in vivo and in vitro experimental situations. The ultimate value would conceivably stem from the application of such studies to an understanding of the senile process, specifically the senile cataract. Important among these observations are the following:First, the age of the lens influences its response in vitro to the physiologic stress induced by cold. If the isolated rabbit lens is refrigerated at 0 C, it loses potassium and gains sodium and water; when subsequently incubated at 37 C, the sodium is excreted from the lens and the potassium reenters the lens, the movement of both cations being against a concentration gradient. This migration of cations against a gradient

It has long been known that bits of cornea when placed in distilled water, normal saline, or even hypertonic saline tend to swell to many times their normal thickness. These observations plus the recognition that hydration of the cornea may occur in various clinical situations have spurred a number of studies on the mechanism by which the cornea normally maintains its hydration in vivo.

The germicidal properties of iodine are well known. Indeed, it has been used with good results as an antiseptic for many decades. Its merits for this purpose, recently reviewed by Gershenfeld,1 are numerous. First, it is bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic. Second, such action is rapid and is achieved in comparatively low concentration. Third, unlike most germicides, iodine is essentially equipotent against all bacteria. Fourth, in addition to its bactericidal properties, iodine has well-known activity against spores, fungi, and viruses. Fifth, its tissue toxicity is comparatively low, the toxicity index being less than that of benzalkonium chloride, mercuric chloride, or phenol.1In spite of its potency and widespread use as a home remedy, iodine finds only limited application in clinical medicine. Most commonly iodine has been used as a skin disinfectant prior to surgery. There is little doubt of its value for this purpose.2,3 However, the use of

The current interest in the use of preserved human blood for transfusions has been especially motivated by economic pressure in the United States and by military necessity in Europe. Hence the empirical clinical use of transfusions of preserved blood has tended to precede rather than to follow fundamental objective biologic and chemical studies in the laboratory.A review of the literature reveals few data from which the clinician can establish satisfactory criteria for the use or rejection of preserved blood. Two factors appear to have contributed to this paucity of laboratory observations: first, the practice of blood transfusion has been so extensive and the indications have been so diverse that it is often difficult for the clinician to define precisely which elements of the transfused blood he most desires his patient to receive; second, the exact mechanism of the production of the various reactions from blood transfusions is not well

Since their development, the synthetic phenothiazine tranquilizing drugs have been used in fairly prolonged and high dosage in the treatment of psychiatric patients. Of these compounds, chlorpromazine (Thorazine), one of the first introduced, has been the most widely used. This drug has been implicated in numerous reversible toxic side effects involving practically every system. Among the most serious of these heretofore were blood dyscrasias, extrapyramidal syndromes, and hepatic disorders. However, from recent reports,1-4 it has become evident that, in contradistinction to these reversible complications, there are late, cumulative, and possibly permanent changes arising after long-term administration of large doses.Greiner and Berry1 reported that among the 5,000 patients at a British Columbia mental institution there were 70 who had gradually developed a striking purplish pigmentation of the exposed skin. This was characterized on biopsy by deposition of a melanin-like pigment in a perivascular distribution in the superficial dermis.

It is suggested that vertical migration is an inescapable consequence of the use of light by planktonic forms as a means of attaining a level within the euphotic zone; no other sense organ appears capable of producing this result. The mechanism of light response in Daphnia fulfils the necessary requirements for vertical migration, and field observations on other species suggest the presence of similar if not identical physiological features in them. These features are a positive photokinesis which is combined with negative geotaxis at low light intensities; at a critical higher value of light intensity a typical dorsal light reflex cuts off the vertical rise. The dorsal light reflex is probably a response to illumination of the eye within the critical cone of submarine illumination, and is therefore not related to the direction of a particular light source such as the sun.

Some four years ago, with the help of Miss L. Morris, one of the present authors developed a new method of vital staining of the nervous system of the embryo dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, using a modification of the old-established rongalit methylene blue technique. The success of this method led to an experimental study of some of the factors involved, and the present account deals mainly with these studies. The work is concerned almost entirely with the penetration of the stain into the tissues; the part, if any, played by the specific chemical combination of nerve-cell constituents with the dyestuff in its final site is not considered.

In citrate-blood the erythrocytes undergo progressive swelling during storage at 2°C; this is reflected in the increase in the fragility to hypotonic saline solutions. This property is not reversible by washing in isotonic saline. Red cells stored in sucrose-citrate solutions shrink. Erythrocytes in 5.4% dextrose-citrate undergo rapid swelling which is due to the diffusion of dextrose and water into the cells. The process can be reversed by washing with isotonic saline. The addition of hypertonic dextrose solutions to blood-citrate produces hypertonic cell contents during storage. The transfusion of such cells results in intravascular hemolysis by action of the recipient's plasma. The osmotic activity of the erythrocytes thus becomes another criterion for the suitability of stored blood for transfusion. Blood collected in dextrose solutions should be chilled rapidly to avoid osmotic hemolysis during refrigeration.

The article focuses on the issues concerning the translation of the Heidelberg Catechism in the "Book of Confessions." It mentions about the usage of the term homosexual in the book considering that the Heidelberg Catechism was written in German in 1563, while the word originated in the 19th century. In connection, concerns about the translation of the Heidelberg Catechism in the book were first raised after professor Johanna W. H. van Wijk-Bos studied the original German text of Heidelberg.