Search

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The scientific article is focused on studying the topical issue of determining the general and specific subject matters of proving in cases on establishing child’s place of residence. It has been noted that the number of family disputes on establishing children’s place of residence has increased due to the ongoing armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The author of the article has proved that the correct definition of the subject matter of proving in cases on establishing child’s place of residence has important practical and theoretical significance. The author of the work supports the position of scholars (Ya. M. Sadykov and others) regarding the possibility of distinguishing the general subject matter of proving within a specific category of civil cases and the specific subject matter of proving depending on the circumstances of a certain civil case. Determining the general subject matter of proving in cases on establishing child’s place of residence it is necessary to ensure the best interests of a child (preamble to the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Childhood”). The author of the article has supported the conclusion (V.O. Kucher) about the possibility of distinguishing the following general subject matter of proving in cases on establishing child’s place of residence: the circumstances characterizing the parties in the case (personal and moral characteristics of a mother and a father, availability of permanent income, proper living conditions, etc.). Characteristics that can negatively affect the upbringing of a child, as well as establishment of his / her place of residence, can be: abuse of alcoholic beverages, narcotic substances, being under dispensary supervision, being brought to criminal or administrative liability, immoral behavior, bad habits; relations between parents and a child (fulfilment by parents of duties defined by law; mutual understanding between each parent and a child; the possibility of creating proper and safe conditions for a child’s life, upbringing, development and education); circumstances related to a child (age of a child, his / her health status, special needs of a child, consent of a child to live with one of the parents, personal loyalty of a child to each of the parents); other circumstances that are important for the case. The author of the work has concluded that the specific subject matter of proving depends on the circumstances of a certain civil case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research conducted an in-depth analysis of the financial attitudes and spending habits of 55 Senior High School (SHS) teachers at Tacurong National High School (TNHS) using a quantitative research design and descriptive correlational technique. The study questionnaire was adapted and contextualized. Mean, Pearson Moment Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to examine the collected data. The results revealed high levels of retention-time (saving) and anxiety, a low level of power prestige, and a moderate level of distrust frugality in the financial attitude domains. Meanwhile, the spending habits domains showed a moderate level of diversity and overspending and a high level of loyalty. The study result showed a low positive correlation between financial attitudes and spending habits. However, no single domain of financial attitudes was found to significantly influence spending habits. The findings of this study bear significant implications for Sustainable Development Goal number one: No Poverty, as understanding the financial attitudes and spending habits of educators can aid in developing targeted interventions to enhance financial literacy, promote sustainable economic behaviors, and contribute to poverty reduction efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the lived experiences of resiliency of economically disadvantaged students in face-to-face learning. Economically disadvantaged students faced different challenges to be resilient in learning, on how their day to day learning activities can survive due to financial difficulties to support their everyday needs. This phenomenon was considered since it had an impact on students' learning performance. The study was anchored on theories on Resilience Theory as popularized by Tellegen (2012) and Self-Determination Theory by Deci and Ryan (2008). This study employed a qualitative research method: namely, a transcendental method of research to explore and understand the lived experiences of resiliency of economically disadvantaged students in their learning, as well as their challenges and practices to continue in their learning, acquiring data from 10 participants in Barangay Bagnoy, San Juan, Aliaga, Nueva Ecija. The participants were chosen using purposive sampling technique wherein thematic analysis was used to analyze all the gathered data. The findings revealed that socio-economic status impacted economically disadvantaged students' educational experiences. The study generated five (5) themes, categories and codes. This study found out that being economically disadvantaged students do not prevent them to employ various strategies in learning towards improvement of their academic performance. It was also found out that classmates and friends, family and teachers were all the factors that contributed to students' resiliency and academic success. And to overcome academic challenges, economically disadvantaged students used coping strategies such as good study habits, time management, financial planning, and high sense of self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in sauna bathing and its role in health aspects. However, there are few studies focusing on the association between regular sauntering and the risk of dementia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considerably better understood are the effects on the cardiovascular system. This study delves into contemporary scientific research on Finnish saunas, exploring their potential correlation with Alzheimer's disease prevention, their impact on vascular health in adults with cardiovascular disorders, and their association with reducing the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scientific studies published in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were analyzed, including terms related to Finnish sauna, dementia, COPD and cardiovascular disease. The methodological quality and results of each study were evaluated. Sauna bathing in addition to being a relaxing lifestyle habit, remains a potential additional strategy which can be used in improving cardiovascular function in adults with well-controlled cardiovascular disorders. A limited amount of research has been identified on the correlation between sauna bathing and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease and COPD. The accumulating evidence suggests that frequent sauna bathing may reduce the risk or severity of several vascular and nonvascular conditions including COPD and also moderate to high frequency of sauna bathing was associated with lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Further research is required, especially large-scale cohort studies with repeated measurement on sauna to establish the potential mechanisms linking sauna bathing and either memory diseases or COPD and better understand the relationship between sauntering and cardiovascular health. Upcoming studies may become very promising for the development of sauna bathing as a new nonpharmacological treatment or prevention of various diseases and improvement in the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and lifestyle choices during the COVID-19 pandemic is obscure and not very well understood. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this relationship, we proposed to test the hypothesis that different coping styles (avoidant and approach) have an indirect effect on the association between EI and many types of lifestyle habits. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. Our target sample consisted of Lebanese adults from the general population. In path analysis, approach coping mediated the association between EI and different lifestyle habits (rest, nutrition, general physical conditions), but not exercise. Furthermore, avoidant coping did mediate the association between EI and general physical conditions, but not between EI and other lifestyle choices (namely rest, exercise, and nutrition). To conclude, individuals with high EI, and that are users of approach coping strategies to deal with stressors, have increased rest time, healthy nutrition and general physical conditions. This cautiously implies that fostering approach coping may help improve the positive effects of EI on healthy lifestyles during crises such as this pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Physical activity is important for health, yet most young adults are insufficiently active. Physical activity is regulated in part, by habit, typically operationalised as automaticity. Little is known about the characteristics of automaticity, or whether broad bandwidth unidimensional measures of automaticity for physical activity are superior to narrower bandwidth multi- dimensional measures. Design: This secondary analysis (N = 238) investigated the nature of automaticity, and relations between the dimensions of automaticity, global automaticity, and physical activity.Main Outcome Measures: The structure of the Generic Multifaceted Automaticity Scale (GMAS) was examined by confirmatory factor analyses. Structural equation models were estimated to evaluate relations between automaticity (measured on the GMAS and the Self- Report Behavioral Automaticity Index, SRBAI) and device- measured activity.Results: The hypothesised 3- factor structure of the GMAS was rejected, in favour of a 2- factor solution. Lack of intention/control and efficiency were associated with global automaticity, but not physical activity. Global automaticity was associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity and daily steps, but not light physical activity.Conclusion: Multi- dimensional measures of automaticity may not provide a more nuanced understanding of automaticity when predicting overall physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning-based interventions are often used to help individuals form habits. Existing literature suggests a one-size-fits all approach to habit formation, but planning interventions may be optimized if tailored to individual differences and/or behavioral complexity. We test the hypothesis that planning to do a relatively complex behaviour (exercise) at a time that matches an individuals' diurnal preference will facilitate behavioral engagement; whereas for a simpler behaviour (calcium supplementation), the optimal time-of-day for a new behavior will occur in the morning. Young, women volunteers (N = 317) were randomly assigned to take calcium supplements or to exercise for 4 weeks and to control (no planning) or to one of three planning interventions (morning plan; evening plan; unassigned-time plan). Participants reported diurnal preference at baseline and habit strength and behavioral frequency weekly. Fitbit Zips and Medication Event Monitoring System Caps (MEMS) were used to objectively assess behavioral engagement. Multilevel modelling found that calcium-supplementation was greatest for morning-types in the morning-cue condition, whereas exercise was greatest for morning-types with morning cues and evening-types with evening cues. Habit-formation strategies may depend on diurnal preference and behavioral complexity. Future research can evaluate the role of other individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare the relative efficacy of different combinations of three behavioral intervention strategies (i.e., personalized reminders, financial incentives, and anchoring) for establishing physical activity habits using an mHealth app and (2) to examine the effects of these different combined interventions on intrinsic motivation for physical activity and daily walking habit strength. A four-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in a sample of college students (N = 161) who had a self-reported personal wellness goal of increasing their physical activity. Receiving cue-contingent financial incentives (i.e., incentives conditional on performing physical activity within ± one hour of a prespecified physical activity cue) combined with anchoring resulted in the highest daily step counts and greatest odds of temporally consistent walking during both the four-week intervention and the full eight-week study period. Cue-contingent financial incentives were also more successful at increasing physical activity and maintaining these effects post-intervention than traditional non-cue-contingent incentives. There were no differences in intrinsic motivation or habit strength between study groups at any time point. Financial incentives, particularly cue-contingent incentives, can be effectively used to support the anchoring intervention strategy for establishing physical activity habits. Moreover, mHealth apps are a feasible method for delivering the combined intervention technique of financial incentives with anchoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author presents a rejoinder to the critiques of her essay "Queer Rigidity: Habit and the Limits of the Performativity Thesis" published in Summer 2024 issue. Topics include the basic aims of queer theory, the author's thoughts on the suggestion that she would do well to treat queer theory less as a set of theoretical claims through metaphor and more as a historical object, and her views on the import of acknowledging queer theory's historical roots in feminism as stressed by a responder.

The author presents a critical response to S. Pearl Brilmyer's essay "Queer Rigidity: Habit and the Limits of the Performativity Thesis" published in the Summer 2024 issue. Topics include the author's reflexive thoughts on the training method of kata or karate in Japan, her argument on the prismatic perspective on habit adopted by Brilmyer referencing the characters of Henry Higgins and Eliza Doolittle in the 1956 musical "My Fair Lady," and her views on the queerness of the work.

What is the use of calling 'cultural' the set of habits, worldviews, practices, struggles and processes that go today by the name of 'finance'? Cannot the subject matter be dealt with more aptly with the word 'political', especially if the objective is to add some critical traction and contribute to political articulation? Drawing from a few old conversations on the subject matter (and from a couple of arguably new problems), a plea for the 'cultural' is nonetheless offered, with special reference to the disorientating role that 'political economy' and the concept of 'value' play in the debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading habits play an active role in promoting students' reading skills and making them prepared to participate in modern society. Gender differences regarding students' habits in the use of reading medium, amount of time spent on leisure reading, and the frequency of school-related reading and of leisure reading were examined. The relation between these habits and the level of student reading performance was further explored. Data on 439,847 15-year-old students in 61 countries/regions were extracted from the most recent database of the Programme for International Student Assessment. Descriptive statistics showed that female students preferred print reading and multiformat use, that they spent more time on leisure reading, and that they read fiction and magazines more often than male students. Then, 3-level hierarchical linear modeling was conducted. The results indicated that the use of a paper format, the school-related reading of texts with tables or graphs and of fiction, and the leisure reading of fiction and nonfiction positively influenced reading performance among members of both gender groups and that a small amount of leisure reading of magazines and newspapers only showed a significant, albeit small, positive impact among members of the female group. Additionally, more than 2 h of leisure reading a day brought greater benefits for female students, while 1 to 2 h a day seemed to be more effective for male students. The practical implications for the cultivation of reading habits by students as well as those for the implementation of educational interventions were further discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to theoretically investigate how the presence of heterogeneous consumption behaviors, namely hand-to-mouth (HtM) and habit formation (HF), affects the monetary policy effectiveness and empirically explore the responses of three Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economies to external shocks. We employ the Bayesian methodology to undertake the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) estimation using quarterly data. Empirical results indicate a HtM parameter of 22% in Indonesia, 34% in the Philippines, and 27% in Thailand, with the HF parameter estimated at around 50%. Given the estimated parameters, a monetary shock would have standard effects on macroeconomic variables. Besides, incorporating HtM consumers into a standard DSGE model amplifies the adverse effects of monetary shock on aggregate consumption/output growth. Also, a higher ratio of HtM consumers exacerbates the negative effects of monetary shock, but it does not influence much the adverse impacts of demand and supply shocks on macroeconomic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and purpose: Lactose, the primary carbohydrate in milk, requires the enzyme lactase for digestion. Deficiency in lactase activity leads to lactose intolerance, causing gastrointestinal symptoms. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors influencing lactase expression and activity is crucial. Moreover, accurate diagnostic methods and effective treatments are needed to manage lactose intolerance. This review aims to explore the current knowledge on lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. State of knowledge: Lactase deficiency encompasses congenital, primary, and secondary forms, each with distinct etiologies. Although often used interchangeably, lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance differ. However, the association between lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance is complex, influenced by various factors including dietary habits, gut microbiota, and gastrointestinal motility. Diagnostic methods are limited, and treatment strategies primarily involve dietary modifications, lactase supplementation, and probiotics. Conclusion: Lactose intolerance presents significant clinical challenges, often underrecognized and misdiagnosed. Despite diagnostic advancements further research is needed to refine diagnostic accuracy. Treatment focuses on dietary adjustments, enzyme supplementation, and probiotics. Balancing symptom relief with nutritional adequacy is essential. Future studies should explore the role of gut microbiome modulation in lactose intolerance management through clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Professional athletes showed excellent results after hip preserving procedures. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the rate of return to activity and the rehabilitation time of recreational athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate factors that were associated with an extended return-to-activity time in nonprofessional athletes. Design: Retrospective, quantitative case-control study. Methods: This study included 47 cases (45 nonprofessional athletes), which were divided according to return-to-activity time (short term: 0.0-7.0 mo vs long term: >7.0 mo). The clinical outcome were evaluated with the modified Harris hip score, the nonarthritic hip score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, and the University of California, Los Angeles activity score. For statistical analysis between both groups, an unpaired student t test and a paired Wilcoxon test were used. In addition, the sports behavior, intraoperative findings, and surgical procedures were also assessed. Results: After a mean follow-up of 4.3 years (±0.6; 3.4-5.6), the overall postoperative modified Harris hip score was 81.8 points, the nonarthritic hip score was 75.8 points, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was 36.7 points, and the University of California, Los Angeles activity score was 7.9. Compared with the preoperative results, all scores improved significantly (P < .001). Patients of the short-term return-to-activity group showed a higher preoperative activity diversity and, postoperatively, a higher rate in high-impact sports (P = .024). Conclusions: After mini-open arthrotomy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome treatment, 92.5% of the recreational athletes returned to sports activity. The findings did not detect factors influencing the return-to-activity time. However, a higher preoperative diversity of activities and a shift to high-level impact sport activities might support a shorter rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an urgent need to build the public's resilience in the face of disinformation. Nevertheless, librarians may be hesitant to assume a frontline role in confronting politicized misinformation. We conducted ethnographic observations and interviews across three Montana libraries to understand the informational needs and search habits of library patrons and the role that librarians play in promoting effective search practices. Montana poses unique challenges with regard to broadband speed and access; however, our findings replicated studies in school settings across the country regarding reliance on antiquated search literacy techniques. The librarians interviewed noted challenges with confronting patrons about specific information claims that might be politically sensitive, but they expressed confidence in their ability to build patron trust and teach effective search literacy practices. We built and tested interventions designed to enable librarians to build their skills and empower patrons to better confront misinformation now and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several factors in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase the likelihood of excessive occlusal loads. Increased occlusal loads may compromise a tooth's mechanical resistance. This prospective controlled study assessed the frequency of OSA in patients presenting with tooth fracture. Patients with and without tooth fractures were selected in a consecutive manner from a private dental clinic between February 2018 and January 2020. Demographic and dental variables were registered. A parafunctional habits questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and validated respiratory polygraphy were performed. Descriptive, comparative, and correlation statistical analyses were performed. Multiple regression analysis was also performed. Fifty-nine patients were included, and 29 presented tooth fracture. Patients with a tooth fracture formed the case group and patients without tooth fracture formed the control group. Patient age was significantly higher in the case group (59 ± 13 years) compared to the control group (44 ± 11 years). Most of the fractured teeth were molars, had a natural tooth as an antagonist, and were not endodontically treated. Twenty-one patients had OSA (apnea-hypopnea index: = 5 events per hour) in the case group compared with 12 patients in the control group (P = .027). Moreover, the patients in the case group had a significantly higher apnea-hypopnea index (P = .000). Multiple regression analysis showed that only age had a significant effect on tooth fracture (P = .002). However, there was a statistically significant relationship between OSA and the presence of tooth fracture in patients aged = 40 years (P = .041). OSA was more frequent in patients presenting with tooth fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The adoption and maintenance of physical activity (PA) is an important health behavior. This paper presents the first comprehensive empirical test of the Physical Activity Adoption and Maintenance (PAAM) model, which proposes that a combination of explicit (e.g., intention) and implicit (e.g., habit,, affect) self-regulatory processes is involved in PA adoption and maintenance. Data were collected via online questionnaires in English, German, and Italian at two measurement points four weeks apart. The study included 422 participants (M age= 25.3, SD age= 10.1; 74.2% women) from Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, and the U.S. The study results largely supported the assumptions of the PAAM model, indicating that intentions and habits significantly mediate the effects of past PA on future PA. In addition, the effect of past PA on future PA was shown to be significant through a mediation chain involving affect and habit. Although the hypothesis that trait self-regulation moderates the intention-behavior relationship was not supported, a significant moderating effect of affect on the same relationship was observed. The results suggest that interventions targeting both explicit and implicit processes may be effective in promoting PA adoption and maintenance.

This study focused on the motivational teaching strategies in Mathematics in the new normal in Jimmy Carter Middle School, Albuquerque Public Schools, during the school year 2021-2022 to improve the learners' performance. It looked into the mathematics teachers' profile, the learners' performance level during the first quarter, the significant relationship between the profile of the teachers and their performance in Mathematics, and learners' attitudes toward studying Mathematics. The researcher found that most mathematics teachers are educationally qualified, have minimum teaching experience, and have attended various seminars about mathematics. The learners obtained a very satisfactory performance. The profile of the teachers is significantly related to the level of performance of the learners in Mathematics. The attitude of the learners towards Mathematics, along with school-related factors such as Study habits and Peers Family -- family-related factors like Parents and Siblings, and Teacher--related factors are the factors affecting the learners' performance. The proposed motivational strategies could improve the attitude and performance of learners towards Mathematics. The researcher recommended that the proposed motivational strategies be presented to the Superintendent for their reproduction and utilization to help the mathematics teachers. Teachers should make instructional materials to improve the performance of the pupils. Such interventions/materials help them understand more clearly the concepts. Parents and teachers should join hands in improving the performance of the learners. Teachers should tell the parents about their children's difficulties in learning Mathematics. Parents should also monitor the performance of their children in the school. They should give their full support in their studies, like attending PTA meetings and having follow-ups in their studies. The skills that are least learned in mathematics should be emphasized in teaching. Teachers should use appropriate strategies and techniques to develop the skills and give more exercise for the students to master the skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]