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Cancer survival in adults with or without AIDS is compared using data from New York City from 1980 through 2000. The latest improvements in AIDS and cancer care have greatly narrowed the gap in survival between cancer patients with and without AIDS.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to evaluate 600 Ugandan children with sickle cell disease and their mothers for factors associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) seropositivity. HHV-8 infection in Ugandan children was associated with lower socioeconomic status and using surface water.

Increased prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) were reported, among injection drugs users (IDUs), suggesting the HHV-8 may be transmitted through blood-borne or other exposures common in the population. Data from a large US registry-based cohort of individuals with AIDs is used to compare the incidence of AIDS-associated KS in IDUs to that in non-IDUs.

The AIDS data from 1981 - 1996 identified (60+ years old) and their records were linked to data in local cancer registries, finding 1142 cases. The cancer risks profile of elderly persons with AIDS (EPWAs) generally resembled that in younger adults with AIDS, though RRs were lower due to higher background incidence rates.

Background Although cervical cancer risk overall is elevated among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; WLH), it is unclear whether risks are similarly elevated across histologic subtypes. Methods Data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, a linkage of 12 US HIV and cancer registries during 1996 -2016, were used. Cervical cancers were categorized as adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or other histologic subtype. Standardized incidence ratios compared rates of AC and SCC in WLH to those in general population. For WLH, risk factors for AC and SCC were evaluated using Poisson regression. Five-year survival was estimated by HIV status and histology. Results Overall, 62 615 cervical cancers were identified, including 609 in WLH. Compared with the general population, incidence of AC was 1.47 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–2.05) and SCC was 3.62 times higher among WLH (95% CI: 3.31–3.94). Among WLH, there was no difference in AC rates by race/ethnicity or HIV transmission group, although SCC rates were lower among White women (vs Black) and higher among women who inject drugs (vs heterosexual transmission). Among WLH, 5-year overall survival was similar for AC (46.2%) and SCC (43.8%) but notably lower than for women not living with HIV. Conclusions Among WLH, AC rates were modestly elevated, whereas SCC rates were greatly elevated compared with the general population. These findings suggest there may be differences in the impact of immunosuppression and HIV in the development of AC versus SCC, given their common etiology in human papillomavirus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cancer risk is elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A comprehensive investigation of cancer risk in older patients (≥66 years of age) is needed, because this understudied population is at high risk. Methods We performed a case-control study using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare data including 1 986 735 incident cancer cases (aged 66-99 years; diagnosed 1992-2015) and 200 000 controls matched by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and selection year. IBD was identified by ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) diagnosis codes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. For colorectal cancers, we further adjusted for screening rates. We assessed confounding by medication exposure among patients with prescription drug coverage. Results IBD, CD, and UC were present in 0.8%, 0.3%, and 0.5% in both cancer cases and non-cancer controls. Of 51 cancers examined, IBD was statistically significantly associated with cancers of the small intestine (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 2.15 to 3.01), intrahepatic (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.47 to 2.51) and extrahepatic bile ducts (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.38 to 2.22), rectum (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.36 to 1.90), and colon (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.33). CD was associated with cancers of the small intestine (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 3.65 to 5.67), and UC was associated with cancers of the intrahepatic bile ducts (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.34 to 2.61), rectum (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.47 to 2.20), and colon (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.43). After adjusting for medication exposure, IBD was not statistically significantly associated with lung cancer, melanoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Conclusions In this large study among older adults (≥66 years of age), IBD was positively associated with gastrointestinal cancers. Associations with extraintestinal cancers may reflect the effect of immunosuppressive medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients have an elevated risk of cancer. Quantifying the life‐years lost (LYL) due to cancer provides a complementary view of the burden of cancer distinct from other metrics and may identify subgroups of transplant recipients who are most affected. Methods: Linked transplant and cancer registry data were used to identify incident cancers and deaths among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States (1987‐2014). Data on LYL due to cancer within 10 years posttransplant were derived using mean survival estimates from Cox models. Results: Among 221,962 transplant recipients, 13,074 (5.9%) developed cancer within 10 years of transplantation. During this period, the mean LYL due to cancer were 0.16 years per transplant recipient and 2.7 years per cancer case. Cancer was responsible for a loss of 1.9% of the total life‐years expected in the absence of cancer in this population. Lung recipients had the highest proportion of total LYL due to cancer (0.45%) followed by heart recipients (0.29%). LYL due to cancer increased with age, from 0.5% among those aged birth to 34 years at transplant to 3.2% among those aged 50 years and older. Among recipients overall, lung cancer was the largest contributor, accounting for 24% of all LYL due to cancer, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma had the next highest contribution (15%). Conclusions: Transplant recipients have a shortened lifespan after developing cancer. Lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma contribute strongly to LYL due to cancer within the first 10 years after transplant, highlighting opportunities to reduce cancer mortality through prevention and screening. Transplantation recipients have a shortened lifespan after developing cancer. Lung cancer and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma contribute strongly to life‐years lost due to cancer, highlighting opportunities to reduce cancer mortality in this population through prevention and screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted on the association between hepatitis C virus infection and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-infected people. The risk for these malignancies has been compared in different HIV risk groups with different prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, and the results are discussed.

Pleural and peritoneal lymphomas can occur in HIV patients even if they are not severely immunosuppressed. They are more common in patients who have had Kaposi's sarcoma, indicating that they may be caused by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, which is also called human herpesvirus-8.

About one percent of AIDS patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have a T-cell lymphoma rather than a B-cell lymphoma. It is not clear if AIDS patients have a higher risk of T-cell lymphoma than other people or if people who develop AIDS come from a country where T-cell lymphoma is more common than it is in other countries.