417 results on '"Emanuelli G"'
Search Results
202. Role of platelet-activating factor in polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment in reperfused ischemic rabbit heart.
- Author
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Montrucchio G, Alloatti G, Mariano F, Comino A, Cacace G, Polloni R, De Filippi PG, Emanuelli G, and Camussi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Azepines pharmacology, Cell Movement, Female, Hemodynamics drug effects, Male, Myocardial Infarction pathology, Myocardial Ischemia pathology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury pathology, Myocardium pathology, Platelet Activating Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Quinolines pharmacology, Rabbits, Risk Factors, Triazoles pharmacology, Heart physiopathology, Myocardial Ischemia physiopathology, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury physiopathology, Neutrophils physiology, Platelet Activating Factor physiology
- Abstract
This study investigated the role of platelet-activating factor in the recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in a rabbit model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. The accumulation of PMN was evaluated 2 and 24 hours after removal of 40 minutes of coronary occlusion by morphometric analysis and 111In-labeled PMN infiltration. The administration of two structurally unrelated platelet-activating factor-receptor antagonists (SDZ 63-675, 5 mg/kg body weight, and WEB 2170, 5 mg/kg body weight) before reperfusion significantly reduced the accumulation of PMN, as well as the hemodynamic alterations and the size of necrotic area. Two hours after reperfusion, the percentage of increase of 111In-labeled PMN in transmural central ischemic zone was significantly reduced in rabbits pretreated with SDZ 63-675 (51.4 +/- 7.9) or WEB 2170 (32.4 +/- 8.8) with respect to untreated rabbits (107.6 +/- 13.5). The morphometric analysis of myocardial sections confirmed the reduction of PMN infiltration at 2 hours and demonstrated that at 24 hours the phenomenon was even more significant. In addition, SDZ 63-675 and WEB 2170 prevented early transient bradycardia and hypotension and reduced the infarct size, judged by staining with tetrazolium at 2 and 24 hours after reperfusion, and by histological examination at 24 hours. These results suggest that platelet-activating factor is involved in the accumulation of PMN in the reperfused ischemic myocardium and contributes to the evolution of myocardial injury.
- Published
- 1993
203. The des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- Author
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Brunello F, Marcarino C, Pasquero P, Gastaldi P, Gonella S, Martini S, Calcamuggi G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular blood, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular metabolism, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Hepatitis, Chronic diagnosis, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Liver Cirrhosis diagnosis, Liver Neoplasms blood, Liver Neoplasms metabolism, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, alpha-Fetoproteins analysis, Biomarkers, Biomarkers, Tumor blood, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular diagnosis, Liver Neoplasms diagnosis, Protein Precursors analysis, Prothrombin analysis
- Abstract
Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin level was measured by enzyme immunoassay in the plasma of 39 patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma and 26 controls. Two of these were anticoagulated by warfarin and revealed very high positive values; the remaining 24, 8 healthy subjects and 16 patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, were negative. Values indicating pathology were found in 56.40% of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma. All malignancies presenting diameter < or = 3 cm were negative, while high positive levels were found in patients with more advanced neoplasia. The alpha-fetoprotein was increased in 43.58% of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and in 6.25% of controls with chronic liver diseases. Positive values for both des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin and alpha- fetoprotein were detected in 12/39 patients. An increase of sensitivity (from 43.58 to 69.23%) in detecting hepatocellular carcinoma was found by the complementary use of the two markers relative to sole use of alpha-fetoprotein.
- Published
- 1993
204. Cold snare excision of small colorectal polyps.
- Author
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Tappero G, Gaia E, De Giuli P, Martini S, Gubetta L, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Colon pathology, Colonic Polyps pathology, Humans, Polyps pathology, Rectal Neoplasms pathology, Rectum pathology, Surgical Instruments, Colonic Polyps therapy, Colonoscopy, Polyps therapy, Rectal Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
This study describes a new technique for excision of small colorectal polyps in a series of 210 consecutive patients, who had total colonoscopy, and in whom any clotting problems had been excluded. A total of 288 small polyps of 5 mm or less in diameter were transected by mechanical strangulation with a polypectomy snare, but without applying any electrical energy. All polyps were recovered whole and sent for histologic examination. No case of perforation, serious bleeding, or mortality was recorded, nor was there any need for blood transfusion because of sudden or delayed bleeding. Of the small polyps, 56% were adenomas, 43% hyperplastic, and 1% were other types. No invasive cancer was found, but in seven small adenomas severe dysplasia was observed. No correlation between the macroscopic appearance of small polyps at endoscopy and their nature at histology was found. Our data confirm that all visible polypoid lesions of the colon should be removed, and that cold snare excision of small polyps is a safe and effective alternative method of treatment in patients without clotting problems.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. [The role of surgery in the prevention of pulmonary thromboembolism].
- Author
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Lavorato F and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Anticoagulants, Contraindications, Humans, Vena Cava Filters, Femoral Vein, Iliac Vein, Pulmonary Embolism prevention & control, Thrombosis surgery, Vena Cava, Inferior
- Published
- 1992
206. [Cryptococcosis in a female patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and dysproteinemia].
- Author
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Ghezzo F, Romano S, Gorzegno G, Anfossi G, Lacivita A, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Aged, Biopsy, Blood Protein Disorders pathology, Chronic Disease, Cryptococcosis drug therapy, Cryptococcosis pathology, Dementia etiology, Dementia pathology, Female, Humans, Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy pathology, Immunohistochemistry, Skin metabolism, Skin pathology, Blood Protein Disorders complications, Cryptococcosis etiology, Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy complications
- Abstract
A case of a 72-year-old woman affected by angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia is described. She was admitted to the hospital for serious cutaneous lesions and dementia. The patient had been treated with corticosteroids for the previous two years. Cryptococcosis was diagnosed by cutaneous biopsy. Antimycotic therapy together with corticosteroid withdrawal cured the cutaneous lesions and improved her psychiatric symptoms.
- Published
- 1992
207. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces platelet/neutrophil co-operation during myocardial reperfusion.
- Author
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Alloatti G, Montrucchio G, Emanuelli G, and Camussi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Communication, Coronary Circulation, Coronary Disease therapy, In Vitro Techniques, Myocardial Reperfusion methods, Rabbits, Ventricular Function, Left physiology, Blood Platelets physiology, Heart physiology, Neutrophils physiology, Platelet Activating Factor physiology
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in cardiac dysfunctions occurring in ischemic isolated rabbit heart reperfused in the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and platelets (PLT). In a first set of experiments two different PAF-receptor antagonists were used to investigate the role of endogenous PAF released in the coronary vessels of post-ischemic heart. Mechanical and electrical dysfunctions occurring during reperfusion of ischemic heart were worsened in the presence of both PMN and PLT. Co-operation between PMN and PLT was suggested by the absence of effect when reperfusion was done with PMN alone, and by the significant enhancement of the effect of PLT after addition of PMN. The activation of PMN and PLT was mediated by PAF, since it was prevented by receptor antagonists SDZ 63-675 (3 x 10(-6)M) and WEB 2170 (3 x 10(-6)M). In a second set of experiments, the infusion of PAF in non-ischemic rabbit heart perfused with PMN and PLT was used to evaluate whether PAF can induce PMN-PLT interaction and reproduce the effects of ischemia. In this condition, the infusion of synthetic PAF (1 x 10(-7)M) induced mechanical and electrical dysfunctions similar to that occurring during reperfusion. The protective effect of both PAF receptor antagonists (SDZ 63-675 and WEB 2170) and of a leukotrienes receptor antagonist (FPL 55712, 1 x 10(-6)M) suggested that PAF is the mediator that triggers the co-operation between PMN and PLT, while leukotrienes produced by these cells are the final effector of cardiac dysfunction. In conclusion, these results suggested that PAF released during reperfusion of ischemic rabbit heart may amplify mechanical and electrical dysfunctions by triggering PMN-PLT co-operation.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. Endotoxin tolerance and polymyxin B modify liver damage and cholestasis induced by a single dose of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate in the rat.
- Author
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Calcamuggi G, Lanzio M, Dughera L, Babini G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Alkaline Phosphatase blood, Animals, Bilirubin blood, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury metabolism, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury pathology, Cholestasis chemically induced, Cholestasis metabolism, Lead Poisoning metabolism, Lead Poisoning physiopathology, Liver pathology, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury prevention & control, Cholestasis prevention & control, Endotoxins pharmacology, Polymyxin B pharmacology, Salmonella typhimurium
- Abstract
A single oral dose of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induces intrahepatic cholestasis and endotoxemia in the rat. To assess if a pathogenic relationship between endotoxin and ANIT-induced liver injury could be postulated, rats were pretreated by either induction of endotoxin tolerance, or with the anti-endotoxin agent polymyxin B. A single oral dose (10 or 20 mg/100 g body wt) of ANIT was then given to ascertain whether these methods of modifying endotoxicity would protect the animals against ANIT damage. Both pretreatments significantly reduced the incidence of endotoxemia after ANIT administration, as detected by either lead acetate enhancement method or the Limulus gelation test (LGT). The lethality of a single 20 mg/100 g body wt dose of ANIT was reduced from 55% to 15% by polymyxin B administration, and to 10% by an endotoxin-tolerant state. Moreover, when 10 mg/100 g body wt ANIT was given none of the animals died in 10 days, and the serum levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), and transaminases (evaluated 1, 2, and 5 days after treatments) were significantly lower in the endotoxin-tolerant or polymyxin B administered rats; this biochemical protection was mirrored in the lack of histological alteration. The results demonstrate that the modification of endotoxicity offers significant protection against acute liver damage induced by ANIT. Thus the development of endotoxemia may play a pathogenic role in ANIT-induced liver injury. This conclusion is supportive of the hypothesis that endotoxins are necessary for the hepatotoxic agent to exert its full effects.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. [Nutrition and andrological problems].
- Author
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Calcamuggi G, Marcarino C, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Alcoholism complications, Alcoholism psychology, Avitaminosis complications, Erectile Dysfunction physiopathology, Erectile Dysfunction psychology, Ethanol adverse effects, Food Additives adverse effects, Humans, Hypogonadism chemically induced, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System physiopathology, Male, Testis physiopathology, Trace Elements deficiency, Erectile Dysfunction etiology, Nutrition Disorders complications
- Abstract
Andrologic problems were considered as nutrition is concerned: vitamin and oligo-element deficiencies, metabolic alterations, and toxic intake. Ethanol role was examined and discussed for its relevance in psychological and organic impairment due to both chronic abuse and acute intake, mainly for its role on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Rational nutrition is a clue in sexual disturbance prevention, correction and integrated care.
- Published
- 1991
210. [Primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with colonic Crohn disease and marked eosinophilia. Description of a case].
- Author
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Gaia E, Cavalot F, De Giuli P, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Crohn Disease pathology, Eosinophilia pathology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Cholangitis, Sclerosing complications, Crohn Disease complications, Eosinophilia complications
- Abstract
We report a case of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with Crohn disease of the large intestine and marked eosinophilia in a 64 year old woman. Clinical features, histologic findings at biopsy of the intestine and liver and the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are described. The case report is discussed, particularly as regards treatment with biliary salts and aminosalicilic acid.
- Published
- 1991
211. A double blind randomized placebo-controlled study demonstrates the protective efficacy of rosaprostol on aspirin-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in man.
- Author
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Calcamuggi G, Babini G, Arduino C, Lanzio M, Anfossi G, Ciani D, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Double-Blind Method, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage chemically induced, Humans, Male, Occult Blood, Prospective Studies, Anti-Ulcer Agents therapeutic use, Aspirin antagonists & inhibitors, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage prevention & control, Prostanoic Acids therapeutic use
- Published
- 1991
212. Supernatant of human umbilical vein endothelial cell culture can favour in vivo neutropoiesis.
- Author
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Ghezzo F, Garbarino G, Osella D, Romano S, Dolcetti A, Pegoraro L, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Carmustine administration & dosage, Carmustine adverse effects, Cells, Cultured, Cisplatin administration & dosage, Cisplatin adverse effects, Culture Media, Conditioned chemistry, Cytarabine administration & dosage, Cytarabine adverse effects, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors isolation & purification, Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors pharmacology, Humans, Leukocyte Count drug effects, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms complications, Neutropenia chemically induced, Teniposide administration & dosage, Teniposide adverse effects, Culture Media, Conditioned pharmacology, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Hematopoiesis drug effects, Hematopoietic Cell Growth Factors therapeutic use, Immunologic Factors therapeutic use, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neutropenia therapy, Neutrophils, Umbilical Veins cytology
- Abstract
Umbilical vein endothelial cells are known to be able to produce interleukins and colony stimulating factors. In the present work supernatant of human umbilical vein endothelial cell culture have been administered to neoplastic patients treated with chemotherapy to reduce the iatrogenic inhibition of hemopoiesis. While no undesired effect could be observed, neutrophil count was favourably influenced by endothelial cell supernatant administration. Such data can be considered useful in order to reduce collateral effect of antineoplastic therapy.
- Published
- 1991
213. Phenothiazine compounds enhance phentolamine effects on platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production.
- Author
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Anfossi G, Trovati M, Mularoni E, Massucco P, Cavalot F, Mattiello L, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adenosine Diphosphate pharmacology, Adult, Blood Platelets drug effects, Calcimycin pharmacology, Chlorpromazine pharmacology, Collagen pharmacology, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Drug Synergism, Enzyme Activation drug effects, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Protein Kinase C metabolism, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate pharmacology, Thrombin pharmacology, Thromboxane B2 blood, Trifluoperazine pharmacology, beta-Thromboglobulin metabolism, Antipsychotic Agents pharmacology, Blood Platelets metabolism, Phentolamine pharmacology, Platelet Aggregation drug effects, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors pharmacology, Thromboxane B2 biosynthesis
- Abstract
In the present study we investigated the influence of phentolamine and the phenothiazine compounds chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine on human platelet aggregation as well as the effect of the association of phentolamine and the phenothiazines on responses to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, thrombin, ionophore A23187 and phorbol-myristate acetate, release reaction, thromboxane B2 synthesis and intraplatelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. Phentolamine and phenothiazines exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on aggregation induced by different concentrations of adenosine diphosphate and decreased the response to other agonists; furthermore, the phenothiazines enhanced the inhibitory effects of phentolamine on aggregation and thromboxane B2 synthesis, without influencing intraplatelet cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. Phorbol ester-induced platelet activation was also inhibited in a dose-dependent way by each compound and by an association of phentolamine and phenothiazines, suggesting that the antiplatelet properties of these compounds might also be ascribed to intracellular events.
- Published
- 1990
214. [Changes in the acid-base equilibrium in surgery of the abdominal aorta, effects of ventilation].
- Author
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Marcolin R, Virtuani A, Rossi N, Pelosi P, Meda F, Aprigliano M, Emanuelli G, Pittalis S, and Gattinoni L
- Subjects
- Aged, Aorta, Abdominal, Humans, Acid-Base Equilibrium, Aortic Aneurysm surgery, Ventilators, Mechanical
- Published
- 1990
215. Role of platelet-activating factor in the reperfusion injury of rabbit ischemic heart.
- Author
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Montrucchio G, Alloatti G, Mariano F, de Paulis R, Comino A, Emanuelli G, and Camussi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Collateral Circulation, Coronary Circulation, Female, Indium Radioisotopes, Leukocyte Count, Male, Myocardial Infarction pathology, Platelet Activating Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Platelet Count, Rabbits, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury etiology, Platelet Activating Factor physiology
- Abstract
This study shows that the administration of the PAF receptor antagonist SDZ 63.675 (5 mg/kg body weight) before reperfusion significantly reduced the hematologic and hemodynamic alterations, as well as the size of necrotic area in rabbits subjected to 40 minutes of coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Pretreatment with SDZ 63.675 prevented the reduction of platelet counts in the blood obtained from the right ventricle (86.6 +/- 2.8% of the control preischemia value) and the transient bradycardia (85.0 +/- 2.8%), the systemic hypotension (58.0 +/- 2.8%), and the increase in right ventricular pressure (125.0 +/- 3.6%) that were evident in the first minutes of reperfusion in untreated control rabbits. Two as well as 24 hours after reperfusion, the infarct size, judged by staining with tetrazolium, was significantly reduced in rabbits treated with SDZ 63.675 (infarct size in control animals, 66.0 +/- 2.9% and 63.46 +/- 2.09% of the risk region at 2 or 24 hours, respectively, compared with 38.9 +/- 5.2% and 37.11 +/- 2.44% of the risk region at 2 and 24 hours in rabbits treated with SDZ 63.675). This result was confirmed by histologic examination of cardiac tissue 24 hours after reperfusion. In addition, SDZ 63.675 markedly reduced the accumulation of 111In-oxine-labeled platelets that occurs 15 minutes after reperfusion in the central ischemic area of the heart and in the lungs. These results suggest that PAF plays a role in the evolution of myocardial injury observed during reperfusion.
- Published
- 1990
216. Sodium taurocholate affects prostacyclin constitutive production by cultured human vascular endothelial cells.
- Author
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Calcamuggi G, Lanzio M, Babini G, Martini S, Anfossi G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha biosynthesis, Cell Survival drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Endothelium, Vascular pathology, Humans, Thromboxane A2 biosynthesis, Thromboxane B2 biosynthesis, Time Factors, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Epoprostenol biosynthesis, Taurocholic Acid pharmacology
- Abstract
The prostaglandin system is impaired in cholestasis; bile salts, which are a specific biochemical feature of this condition, have been shown to affect functional properties of cells and tissues, and, in some cases, their action is mediated through an alteration of prostaglandin pathway. Endothelium is a privileged site for the production and the action of arachidonate metabolites-prostacyclin in particular. To determine the effects of bile salts on the properties of vascular endothelium, cultured human endothelial cells were studied. Cholic acid sodium salt was seen to induce a direct injury on endothelial cells, as was demonstrated by a massive dismission of the intracellular radiolabel chromium 51. In the absence of detectable toxic effect, sodium taurocholate caused a significant depression of prostacyclin constitutive production from human endothelial cells. The action of sodium taurocholate was related to its concentration and to the time of exposure, and the alteration of prostacyclin production was found to be reversible. Conversely, the generation of thromboxane A2 was not influenced by this bile salt, which may suggest a specific action of sodium taurocholate on arachidonic acid metabolism. These findings indicate that bile salts may directly alter some functional properties of cultured human endothelial cells and may provide a basis for explaining some generalized manifestations that are observed in pathologic conditions characterized by cholemia.
- Published
- 1990
217. Studies on inhibition of human platelet response by diltiazem.
- Author
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Anfossi G, Trovati M, Mularoni E, Massucco P, Cavalot F, Mattiello L, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Protein Kinase C metabolism, Diltiazem pharmacology, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors pharmacology
- Abstract
1. Aim of the present investigation was to investigate the effects of calcium blocking agent diltiazem on human platelet response to aggregating agents. 2. Results showed that diltiazem inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP, arginine vasopressin, adrenaline, collagen, Na arachidonate, thrombin and phorbol ester PMA in a dose-dependent way. 3. Diltiazem decreased also beta-thromboglobulin release and Thromboxane B2 production from stimulated platelets. 4. Intraplatelet cyclic AMP levels were not modified by the substance. 5. Data provide evidence that the modulation of human platelet function by diltiazem could be also related to inhibition of protein kinase C.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. Arginine vasopressin release from human platelets after irreversible aggregation.
- Author
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Anfossi G, Mularoni E, Trovati M, Massucco P, Mattiello L, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adenosine Diphosphate pharmacology, Adult, Arachidonic Acid, Arachidonic Acids pharmacology, Collagen pharmacology, Epinephrine pharmacology, Female, Humans, Male, Thrombin pharmacology, Arginine Vasopressin blood, Blood Platelets metabolism, Platelet Aggregation drug effects
- Abstract
1. The release of arginine vasopressin from human platelets was investigated in platelet-rich plasma after irreversible aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate, collagen, sodium arachidonate, thrombin and adrenaline in vitro. 2. Arginine vasopressin levels were significantly higher in the supernatant from stimulated platelet-rich plasma than from unstimulated samples, reaching 3.5 X 10(-12) (range 1.6-12.5 X 10(-12) mol/l in the absence of an aggregating agent, 8.8 X 10(-12) (range 4.2-17.5 X 10(-12) mol/l after adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate, 13.7 X 10(-12) (2.2-63.2 X 10(-12) mol/l after collagen, 7.8 X 10(-12) (2.2-14.6 X 10(-12) mol/l after sodium arachidonate, 7.8 X 10(-12) (2.2-16.3 X 10(-12) mol/l after thrombin and 12.2 X 10(-12) (4.8-32.1 X 10(-12) mol/l after adrenaline. 3. An arginine vasopressin level of 18 X 10(12) mol/l, which can be achieved physiologically, increased the sensitivity of platelets to adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate and collagen in vitro; the same concentration of arginine vasopressin caused a potentiation of the effect of catecholamines on the response of platelets to sodium arachidonate. 4. These results indicate that intraplatelet arginine vasopressin is released during aggregation and suggest that a local release of arginine vasopressin could occur after complete platelet aggregation in vivo.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. [Bile salts and spontaneous release of PGI2, TxA2 and fVIII from cultured human endothelial cells].
- Author
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Calcamuggi G, Lanzio M, Babini G, Martini S, Anfossi G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Cells, Cultured, Culture Media, Humans, Time Factors, Bile Acids and Salts pharmacology, Endothelium metabolism, Epoprostenol metabolism, Factor VIII metabolism, Thromboxane A2 metabolism
- Abstract
A normally functioning vascular endothelium is required for vascular tone modulation and blood fluidity. Systemic and local circulatory and coagulation alterations, even to the point of renal failure, may be observed in obstructive jaundice; bile salts are included among the potential pathogenetic factors. To assess the effects of taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, and cholic acid on the integrity and properties of the endothelium, cultured human endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied. Taurocholic and glycocholic acids (up to 2000 mumoles/L) did not exhibit any significant effect on 51Cr release from HUVEC after 6 h incubation. Following HUVEC exposure to 2000 mumoles/L of the unconjugated compound, cholic acid, a significant discharge of the radiolabel and LDH leakage in the supernatant were observed, to some extent prevented by the presence of human plasma or albumin (physiologic carrier). Prostacyclin spontaneous release from HUVEC was significantly depressed by both taurocholic and glycocholic acid; the action was related to bile salt concentration (200-1000 mumoles/L) and to the time of exposure (1 to 24 h); the reduced production of PGI2 was demonstrated to be reversible. Conversely, spontaneous TxA2 generation and fVIII release were not affected by the presence of bile salts in culture medium. Previous investigations showed that experimental obstructive jaundice could impair prostacyclin release from rat aortic tissue. The same effect was also demonstrated after in vitro exposure of the vessel wall to jaundiced serum and bile salts alone; furthermore, bile salts exert toxic effects on the integrity of several cells and impair the prostaglandin system of different tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1990
220. Cardiovascular alterations in the rabbit infused with platelet activating factor (PAF): effect of kadsurenone, a PAF-receptor antagonist.
- Author
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Montrucchio G, Alloatti G, Mariano F, Tetta C, Emanuelli G, and Camussi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Electrocardiography, Female, Hemodynamics drug effects, Male, Platelet Activating Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Rabbits, Benzofurans pharmacology, Cardiovascular System drug effects, Lignans, Platelet Activating Factor physiology, Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Cell Surface drug effects, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Abstract
The ECG and haemodynamic alterations caused by the i.v. infusion of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the rabbit were studied after pretreatment with Kadsurenone, a specific PAF-receptor antagonist. Infusion of PAF at 0.8 microgram/kg in the rabbit caused important ECG changes, such as ST-segment depression and conduction arrhythmias, concomitantly with a marked reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure, mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, with a rise in total peripheral resistances and mean right atrial pressure. These physiological parameters became maximal at 75-120 seconds after PAF challenge, and returned to near prechallenge values within 25-60 minutes. Pretreatment with Kadsurenone, administered either intravenously (0.014 M, 1 ml/kg) or intraperitoneally (0.14 M, 1 ml/kg), exerted a quite complete protective effect in regard to the ECG changes and caused a significant reduction in the magnitude of all the haemodynamic alterations observed after intravenous infusion of PAF (0.8 microgram/kg). These results suggest that Kadsurenone is an effective inhibitor of PAF-induced cardiovascular changes in the rabbit, probably due to its competitive antagonism against PAF binding to specific receptors.
- Published
- 1986
221. Platelet activating factor is produced during infectious peritonitis in CAPD patients.
- Author
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Montrucchio G, Mariano F, Cavalli PL, Tetta C, Viglino G, Emanuelli G, and Camussi G
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Exudates and Transudates analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peritonitis etiology, Bacterial Infections metabolism, Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory, Peritonitis metabolism, Platelet Activating Factor biosynthesis
- Abstract
Peritonitis, a frequent complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), is a model of inflammation which provides the opportunity to recover the exudate fluid. To date, various endogenous mediators (histamine, bradykinin, activated complement factors, prostanoids) have been implicated in the mediation of peritoneal inflammation and increased peritoneal permeability. In the present study, a lipid compound with physicochemical and biological characteristics similar to platelet activating factor (PAF) (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine) was extracted in significant amounts from the dialysate of eight out of nine peritonitis episodes in seven CAPD patients (Group A; 6771.4 +/- 3025.9 pM, mean +/- SEM at the first exchange during peritonitis). The amounts of PAF recovered in the first exchange dialysate from patients of Group A were linearly correlated with the loss of albumin (y = -3157.64 + 91.4x; r = 0.7394; N = 9; P less than 0.03) and number of leukocytes (y = 902.45 + 1.52x; r = 0.7576 N = 9; P less than 0.02). PAF was not detectable in the dialysate fluid from patients of Group A after recovery. Twelve patients on CAPD who had no past or present history of peritonitis (Group B) were used as controls; no PAF (9 patients) or only minimal amounts (3 patients: 7.0 pM; 23.0 pM; 70.0 pM) of this mediator were detected. This is the first direct demonstration of the local generation of PAF in a septic inflammatory reaction involving the peritoneal serosa in man. PAF produced by various cell types (neutrophils, peritoneal macrophages, endothelial cells) during peritoneal inflammation may contribute to the increased permeability of the peritoneal vascular bed.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. [Immunological aspects of diabetes].
- Author
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Cotto A, Gatti G, Calcamuggi G, Marcarino C, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Antibody Formation, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus etiology, Female, HLA Antigens immunology, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Male, Mice, Middle Aged, Pancreas immunology, Autoimmune Diseases complications, Diabetes Mellitus immunology
- Abstract
The incidence of immunological disorders seems to play a primary, significative role in the genesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Auto-immunological anti-pancreas alterations, both cell-mediated and humoral, have been detected in course of IDDM; moreover, the presence of antipancreatic antibodies seems to correlate with progressive destruction of islet cells and increased insulin deficiency. Animal models and human studies, revealing the pathologic entity of "insulitis", are consistent with an autoimmune component playing a part in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, genotypic factors may be considered: recent studies prove the association between HLA system and IDDM; specifically, HLA antigens B8 and BW15 are found in significantly higher frequencies in juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetics. Therefore, it can be hypothesized, in the pathogenesis of the disease, an altered immune response to an additional environmental diabetogenic factor; it has been postulated, on the ground of epidemiologic and experimental studies, the interference of a viral infection, that may act as a triggering event to pancreatic cell damage with a latent period of variable duration.
- Published
- 1981
223. Prevention of exercise-induced hypoglycaemia in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on conventional intensified insulin therapy: timing of exercise and role of counter-regulatory hormones.
- Author
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Trovati M, Anfossi G, Vitali S, Mularoni E, Massucco P, De Facis R, Carta Q, Greco-Lucchina P, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Epinephrine blood, Glucagon blood, Growth Hormone blood, Humans, Hydrocortisone blood, Male, Norepinephrine blood, Time Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Hypoglycemia prevention & control, Insulin therapeutic use, Physical Exertion
- Published
- 1988
224. Experimental acute pancreatitis induced by platelet activating factor in rabbits.
- Author
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Emanuelli G, Montrucchio G, Gaia E, Dughera L, Corvetti G, and Gubetta L
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Amylases blood, Animals, Blood Chemical Analysis, Female, Ischemia pathology, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Pancreas blood supply, Pancreas pathology, Pancreas ultrastructure, Pancreatitis blood, Pancreatitis chemically induced, Rabbits, Pancreatitis pathology, Platelet Activating Factor
- Abstract
This study indicates that a single injection of platelet activating factor (PAF, 50-500 ng) into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery of rabbits induces dose-dependent morphologic alterations of pancreatic tissue and increases serum amylase levels, both consistent with the development of an acute pancreatitis. The main histologic findings observed by light microscopy 24-72 hours after the injection of PAF were edema, polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration, cell vacuolization, and acinar cell necrosis. Fat cell necrosis was present in 30% of animals. By electron microscopy an increase of the number of zymogen granules in the apical region of acinar cells was observed 3 hours after PAF challenge. At 24-72 hours, many acinar cells showed vacuoles containing myelinlike figures, zymogen granules, and cellular debris. Pancreatic lesions developed in the area supplied by the artery injected with PAF and they were completely antagonized by the pretreatment of rabbits with CV 3988, a specific antagonist of PAF. In addition, the significant protective effect of atropine suggests a potential role for cholinergic mechanisms in the pancreatic alterations induced by PAF.
- Published
- 1989
225. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) release from rat peritoneal cells, evidence for mastocyte-macrophage cooperation.
- Author
-
Camussi G, Tetta C, Bussolino F, Masera C, Emanuelli G, Ragni R, and Porcellini G
- Subjects
- Animals, Ascitic Fluid immunology, Macrophages immunology, Phagocytosis, Rats, Mast Cells immunology, Platelet Aggregation
- Published
- 1980
226. [Platelet mediators of vascular permeability and phlogosis].
- Author
-
Camussi G, Masera C, Deregibus MC, Bussolino F, Tetta C, Emanuelli G, Calcamuggi G, Stratta P, and Viglino GL
- Subjects
- Humans, Antigen-Antibody Complex immunology, Blood Platelets immunology, Platelet Aggregation
- Published
- 1980
227. Mucosal prostaglandin E2 release in reflux gastritis.
- Author
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Emanuelli G, Calcamuggi G, Mingozzi R, and Dughera L
- Subjects
- Adult, Bile physiology, Dinoprostone, Female, Gastric Mucosa metabolism, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Male, Middle Aged, Duodenogastric Reflux physiopathology, Prostaglandins E metabolism
- Published
- 1987
228. [Use of urinary enzymes to evaluate renal damage. Physiopathological considerations and clinical applications].
- Author
-
Calcamuggi G, Cestonaro G, Emanuelli G, Brunello F, Gatti G, Anfossi G, Nizia R, and Stucchi L
- Subjects
- Hydrolases urine, Kidney enzymology, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Lyases urine, Oxidoreductases urine, Ribonucleases urine, Transaminases urine, Enzymes urine, Kidney Diseases enzymology
- Published
- 1978
229. [Type B viral hepatitis. Recent findings].
- Author
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Brunello F, Emanuelli G, Calcamuggi G, Cestonaro G, Tarocco RP, and Anfossi G
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Viral, Hepatitis B immunology, Hepatitis B pathology, Hepatitis B prevention & control, Hepatitis B transmission, Hepatitis B Antibodies analysis, Hepatitis B Antigens, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunoglobulins therapeutic use, Liver pathology, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens classification, Hepatitis B virus cytology, Hepatitis B virus immunology
- Abstract
The discovery of hepatitis B surface antigen by Blumberg in 1965 offered a specific marker that could readily be employed in the clinical, epidemiological and experimental investigation of type B viral hepatitis. It has since been followed by the continuous gathering of further knowledge concerning this disease. The morphology and immunological and biochemical features of virus B, the epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B, and marker determination techniques are examined in an overview of the present situation.
- Published
- 1977
230. Platelet-activating factor contracts human myometrium in vitro.
- Author
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Tetta C, Montrucchio G, Alloatti G, Roffinello C, Emanuelli G, Benedetto C, Camussi G, and Massobrio M
- Subjects
- Adult, Chromones pharmacology, Female, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Oxytocin pharmacology, Pregnancy, Thiazoles pharmacology, Myometrium drug effects, Phospholipid Ethers, Platelet Activating Factor pharmacology, Uterine Contraction drug effects
- Abstract
The myometrial contractile responses to synthetic 1-0-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet-activating factor, PAF) and to oxytocin were evaluated in vitro on uterine (lower segment) strips obtained from pregnant women at term (39th week), undergoing elective cesarean section. Contractility was measured isometrically in an isolated organ bath using a superfusion technique. PAF in a concentration range between 5 and 100 nM as well as oxytocin (0.1-10 mU/ml) induced a dose-dependent contraction which could be categorized in two patterns, depending on whether spontaneous activity was present. In resting strips, oxytocin induced a prompt (0.5-1 min) development of active tension, followed by a prolonged (6-18 min), slow contraction and a final relaxation. However, at variance with oxytocin, PAF-induced contractions were rhythmic (3-8/hr), and characterized by a prompt (0.5-2 min) development of tension, followed by a brief (0.5-2 min) plateau, and a final, rapid relaxation. In spontaneously active strips, both stimuli induced a marked potentiation of the contractile activity. PAF response was dependent on both cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived products as inferred from the abrogating effects of indomethacin and FPL 55712. A receptor-mediated mechanism of action was inferred from the occurrence of specific desensitization to PAF (but not to oxytocin), and from the blocking effect of CV 3988, a specific PAF receptor antagonist. The present study indicates that PAF stimulates the contraction of human myometrium in vitro and suggests that this mediator may have a role in labor.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. Ectopic thyroid remnants within the myocardium: an unusual case of right ventricular mass.
- Author
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Greco-Lucchina P, Ottino GM, Avonto L, Carini G, Pozzi R, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Heart Ventricles, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Thyroid Gland, Choristoma pathology, Heart Neoplasms pathology, Myocardium pathology
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. Increased whole blood fibrinolytic activity in cirrhotic patients.
- Author
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Ghezzo F, Mazzone R, Romano S, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prothrombin Time, Fibrinolysis, Liver Cirrhosis blood
- Published
- 1986
233. [A case of reconstruction of the cervical esophagus in wound dehiscence resulting from esophagogastric anastomosis at the neck level].
- Author
-
Caprotti R, Emanuelli G, Proserpio MB, Savani A, De Fina S, Rossi GM, Harari I, Viganò M, Zerbini S, and Martinez E
- Subjects
- Esophageal Fistula etiology, Esophageal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Esophageal Stenosis etiology, Esophageal Stenosis surgery, Esophagoplasty adverse effects, Esophagoscopy, Humans, Intubation, Gastrointestinal, Male, Middle Aged, Palliative Care, Postoperative Complications, Radiography, Stomach surgery, Esophageal Neoplasms surgery, Esophagoplasty methods, Surgical Wound Dehiscence surgery
- Published
- 1985
234. The pattern of cardiovascular alterations induced by infusion of platelet-activating factor in rabbit is modified by pretreatment with H1-H2 receptor antagonists but not by cyclooxygenase inhibition.
- Author
-
Montrucchio G, Alloatti G, Mariano F, Meda E, Tetta C, Emanuelli G, and Camussi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Arrhythmias, Cardiac chemically induced, Arrhythmias, Cardiac physiopathology, Cimetidine pharmacology, Drug Interactions, Electrocardiography, Female, Histamine physiology, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Platelet Activating Factor antagonists & inhibitors, Promethazine pharmacology, Rabbits, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Hemodynamics drug effects, Histamine Antagonists pharmacology, Indomethacin pharmacology, Platelet Activating Factor pharmacology
- Abstract
The intravenous infusion of platelet activating factor (PAF) (0.8 micrograms/kg b.w.) induced ECG and hemodynamic alterations characterized by the following sequential three phases. Phase I (15 sec) consisted of a transient bradycardia with reduction in left ventricular pressure (LVPs), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO). Phase II developed within 30 sec and consisted of a rise in cardiac frequency, increase in LVPs, MAP and total peripheral resistances (TPR), which were associated with a decrease in CO. Finally, phase III, that occurred about 90 sec after PAF infusion, was characterized by marked ECG changes (ST segment depression and conduction arrhythmias), a decrease in LVPs and MAP, as well as a rise in TPR and in right atrial pressure (RAP). All these alterations were reversible within 30-60 min. Pretreatment with promethazine and cimetidine, as H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists, markedly prevented the development of phase II, namely the rise in cardiac frequency, LVPs, MAP and TPR, but did not significantly modify phase I and III. In contrast, pretreatment with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, moderatively attenuated, but did not abolish, the three phases of cardiovascular changes induced by PAF infusion.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
235. [Combined approach in a radical surgical method for esophageal tumors of median and superior thoracic locations. Presentation of a case].
- Author
-
Emanuelli G, De Fina S, d'Alonzo U, Gramazio P, Zanandrea G, Real G, Castoldi M, Viganò M, and Rock T
- Subjects
- Adenocarcinoma surgery, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell radiotherapy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery, Cobalt Radioisotopes therapeutic use, Colon surgery, Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical, Esophageal Neoplasms radiotherapy, Esophagogastric Junction surgery, Esophagoplasty, Gastrectomy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary surgery, Radioisotope Teletherapy, Stomach Neoplasms surgery, Adenocarcinoma diagnosis, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell diagnosis, Esophageal Neoplasms surgery, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary diagnosis, Stomach Neoplasms diagnosis
- Published
- 1985
236. Studies on mechanisms involved in hypoglycemia-induced platelet activation.
- Author
-
Trovati M, Anfossi G, Cavalot F, Vitali S, Massucco P, Mularoni E, Schinco P, Tamponi G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Platelets metabolism, Epinephrine blood, Glucagon blood, Growth Hormone blood, Humans, Hydrocortisone blood, Insulin blood, Male, Platelet Aggregation drug effects, Platelet Factor 4 analysis, beta-Thromboglobulin metabolism, Blood Platelets physiology, Hormones blood, Hypoglycemia blood
- Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in hypoglycemia-induced platelet activation. Sixteen healthy male subjects received a 60-min intravenous infusion of human regular insulin at the rate of 64 mU . m-2 . min-1: throughout 150 min, we serially measured plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and counterregulatory hormones; platelet sensitivity to ADP, thrombin and platelet-activating factor; plasma concentrations of platelet markers for specific proteins of in vivo release reaction (beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4). Our study showed that insulin-induced hypoglycemia causes a significant increase in platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents in vitro and a platelet release reaction in vivo. Hypoglycemia-induced platelet activation was not correlated with plasma glucose concentrations at nadir and occurred before the increase of plasma growth hormone and cortisol. To further elucidate the mechanisms of hypoglycemia-induced platelet activation, we incubated in vitro platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of seven fasting healthy subjects with the same concentrations of insulin, epinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone, and cortisol measured in vivo during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Only epinephrine was able to increase platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents. To investigate the role of alpha-adrenergic receptors in this phenomenon, we also studied four healthy subjects on another occasion, repeating the above-described insulin infusion together with intravenous infusion of phentolamine (-15 to +150 min), 5 mg over 2 min followed by 500 micrograms/min. alpha-Blockade was able to suppress hypoglycemia-induced increase of platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. Insulin influences the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in humans.
- Author
-
Trovati M, Massucco P, Anfossi G, Cavalot F, Mularoni E, Mattiello L, Rocca G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Blood Glucose metabolism, Epinephrine blood, Humans, Insulin administration & dosage, Insulin blood, Kinetics, Male, Norepinephrine blood, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A blood, Potassium blood, Sodium blood, Aldosterone blood, Angiotensin II blood, Insulin pharmacology, Renin blood
- Abstract
This study investigates whether insulin influences the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in humans. Six healthy male volunteers were placed on a 30-minute euglycemic insulin clamp at 160 microU/mL; euglycemia was maintained also in the following 60 minutes by means of appropriate dextrose infusion. Throughout the study, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and factors involved in the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were measured: catecholamines, angiotensin-converting enzyme, sodium, and potassium. A significant increase of plasma renin activity and angiotensin II was observed, and a decrease of aldosterone was also detected. These changes can be ascribed to the effects of the rapid insulin-induced plasma potassium decrease on plasma renin activity and aldosterone secretion because they did not occur in a control clamp study with a potassium infusion.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
238. [Massive pulmonary embolism: considerations on the surgical approach].
- Author
-
Sala A, Arena V, Emanuelli G, and Biglioli P
- Subjects
- Humans, Pulmonary Artery surgery, Pulmonary Embolism mortality, Shock, Surgical etiology, Shock, Surgical prevention & control, Endarterectomy mortality, Pulmonary Embolism surgery
- Published
- 1985
239. [Hemostatic alterations in insulin-induced hypoglycemia].
- Author
-
Anfossi G, Trovati M, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Hemodynamics, Humans, Hypoglycemia chemically induced, Insulin adverse effects, Blood Coagulation Disorders etiology, Hypoglycemia complications
- Published
- 1988
240. In vitro spasmogenic effect of platelet-activating factor on rabbit lung tissue.
- Author
-
Camussi G, Montrucchio G, Antro C, Tetta C, Ragni R, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, In Vitro Techniques, Muscle Contraction drug effects, Platelet Activating Factor, Rabbits, Blood Coagulation Factors pharmacology, Lung drug effects, Lysophosphatidylcholines pharmacology
- Published
- 1981
241. Increased incidence of cancer in chronic pancreatitis.
- Author
-
Rocca G, Gaia E, Iuliano R, Caselle MT, Rocca N, Calcamuggi G, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Chronic Disease, Female, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms epidemiology, Pancreatitis epidemiology, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking, Neoplasms complications, Pancreatitis complications
- Abstract
Patients affected by chronic pancreatitis were followed between 1970 and 1984 in a study set up to evaluate the natural history of the disease. The study population included 172 consecutive patients diagnosed as having chronic pancreatitis in the Gastroenterology Unit of the S. Giovanni Battista Hospital in Torino, Italy. Of them, 23 were found to be affected by cancer during the 14-year follow-up period. The incidence calculated using the person-year method was compared with data from the General Population Cancer Registry of Piemonte Region. The age-specific relative risks of cancer were increased manifold. Sex- and age-specific relative risks were markedly increased for liver, tongue, lip, and rectum tumors in males, and for liver, bone, and breast tumors in females. Selection bias did not seem to be an adequate explanation of this association. Survival curves were plotted by the estimation methods of Cutler-Ederer with year intervals for the complete study population and for the different type of cancer. Known risk factors and indicators for the expected tumors were evaluated by the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Model. The incidence of cancer increases significantly with age but not with smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes. Our epidemiological study suggests an increased risk of pancreatic as well as extrapancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis compared with the general population. Cancer seems to be a main determinant in the natural history of the disease.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
242. Influence of physical training on blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
- Author
-
Trovati M, Carta Q, Cavalot F, Vitali S, Banaudi C, Lucchina PG, Fiocchi F, Emanuelli G, and Lenti G
- Subjects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Exercise Therapy, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Secretion, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Insulin metabolism, Physical Exertion
- Abstract
This study has been designed to investigate, in five non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, the influence of physical training (1 h a day, 7 days a wk for 6 wk, at 50-60% maximum oxygen uptake) on blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action. Physical training resulted in a significant improvement in blood glucose control, glucose tolerance, and insulin action. These results suggest that short-term intense physical training ameliorates the main metabolic derangements of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
243. [pH manometry with endoluminal transducer in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. Author's experience].
- Author
-
Maggioni P, De Fina S, Emanuelli G, Real G, d'Alonzo U, and Rock T
- Subjects
- Esophageal Achalasia complications, Esophagoplasty adverse effects, Gastroesophageal Reflux etiology, Hernia, Hiatal complications, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Postoperative Complications diagnosis, Transducers, Esophageal Diseases surgery, Gastroesophageal Reflux diagnosis, Manometry instrumentation
- Published
- 1985
244. Urinary enzyme excretion in acute and subacute experimental lithium administration.
- Author
-
Emanuelli G, Anfossi G, Calcamuggi G, Marcarino C, Ottone G, and Dughera L
- Subjects
- Alanine Transaminase urine, Alkaline Phosphatase urine, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases urine, Kidney Diseases chemically induced, Leucyl Aminopeptidase urine, Lithium administration & dosage, Lithium blood, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Time Factors, gamma-Glutamyltransferase urine, Esterases urine, Kidney Diseases enzymology, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase urine, Lithium toxicity, Transferases urine
- Abstract
Blood lithium (Li) levels, renal functional parameters and urine excretion of enzymatic activities having different intracellular sites were investigated on rats submitted to acute and subacute Li chloride administration. In acute experiments increased levels of all detected enzymes were assayed following Li single doses of 5 and 10 mEq/kg b.w. In subacute poisoning, urine output of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase was significantly over the basal ranges following 15 days in concomitance with marked elevation of plasma Li levels and exhibited progressive increase until 30 days; on the 10th day following Li withdrawal, elevated excretion of enzymatic activities was still assayed. The results are in agreement with data about the localization of the histologic lesions involving different sites of the nephron in acute Li poisoning and the distal tubular tract in subacute toxicity. In subacute administration the output of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial activities can be assumed as an index of damage of the nephron cells which can persist following Li withdrawal. Our findings indicate that the urine enzyme assay is a valuable tool to detect renal damage in experimental Li nephropathy.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. [Surgical treatment of thoracic and abdominal esophageal cancer. Author's experience from 1950 to 1982. Evolution of management and methods].
- Author
-
Rock T, Emanuelli G, De Fina S, d'Alonzo U, Porta GC, Sordo S, Scotti F, Gramazio F, Caprotti R, and Rossi GM
- Subjects
- Abdomen surgery, Cardia pathology, Cardia surgery, Esophageal Neoplasms mortality, Esophageal Neoplasms pathology, Humans, Mediastinum surgery, Stomach Neoplasms mortality, Stomach Neoplasms pathology, Thoracic Neoplasms mortality, Thoracic Neoplasms pathology, Esophageal Neoplasms surgery, Stomach Neoplasms surgery, Thoracic Neoplasms surgery
- Published
- 1985
246. Alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine increases the response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in man.
- Author
-
Trovati M, Massucco P, Cavalot F, Anfossi G, Mularoni E, Busca G, Orecchia C, and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Adult, Aldosterone blood, Angiotensin I blood, Blood Glucose metabolism, Humans, Insulin adverse effects, Male, Renin blood, Hypoglycemia chemically induced, Phentolamine pharmacology, Renin-Angiotensin System drug effects
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. [Author's experience in the treatment of peptic esophageal stenosis].
- Author
-
De Fina S, Emanuelli G, Maggioni P, d'Alonzo U, Scotti F, Zanandrea G, Lomazzi A, and Rock T
- Subjects
- Chronic Disease, Esophageal Neoplasms surgery, Esophageal Stenosis diagnostic imaging, Esophageal Stenosis surgery, Esophagoplasty, Gastroesophageal Reflux complications, Hernia, Hiatal complications, Humans, Postoperative Complications surgery, Radiography, Scleroderma, Systemic complications, Esophageal Stenosis etiology, Esophagitis, Peptic complications
- Published
- 1985
248. [Immunomorphological aspects of the kidney in liver cirrhosis and obstructive jaundice].
- Author
-
Emanuelli G, Gatti G, Calcamuggi G, Anfossi G, Marcarino C, Robecchi A, Fronda GR, and Garrone C
- Subjects
- Antigen-Antibody Complex, Complement System Proteins analysis, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Limulus Test, Cholestasis immunology, Kidney Glomerulus immunology, Liver Cirrhosis immunology
- Published
- 1982
249. Antitissue antibodies in chronic pancreatitis.
- Author
-
Emanuelli G, Tappero G, Iuliano R, Dughera L, and Gaia E
- Subjects
- Alcoholism complications, Chronic Disease, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Specificity, Pancreatitis etiology, Autoantibodies analysis, Pancreatitis immunology
- Abstract
Organ- and nonorgan-specific autoantibodies (AA) have been investigated in 49 patients affected by alcoholic or idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (CP) to evaluate their prevalence and correlation with the clinical features of the disease. AA have been found in about 50% of CP and their recurrence rate was similar to that of alcoholic or cryptogenic liver cirrhosis (LC); age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (C) showed only about 8% positive sera (C vs. CP, p less than 0.001). Quite different IFL patterns between CP and LC have been detected. Antibrush border, antireticulin and antigastric parietal cell antibodies alone or combined prevailed in CP, while antinuclear and antismooth muscle AA prevailed in LC. No correlation with sex, age, etiology, presence of pancreatic stones, diabetes, symptoms and years of CP was found for one or more AA. In conclusion, the detection of AA in CP is a quite common finding of still unclear clinical significance.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. [Clinical significance of the tests used in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].
- Author
-
Lenti G and Emanuelli G
- Subjects
- Amylases blood, Amylases urine, Cholecystokinin, Clinical Enzyme Tests, Humans, Insulin blood, Pancreas metabolism, Pancreatic Juice metabolism, Pancreatitis diagnosis, Secretin, Pancreatic Diseases diagnosis, Pancreatic Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Different methods available for investigating patients for pancreatic disease are discussed. They first include measurement of pancreatic enzymes in biological fluids. Basal amylase and/or lipase in blood are truly diagnostic in acute pancreatitis but their utility is low in chronic pancreatic diseases. Evocative tests have been performed to increase the sensitivity of blood enzyme measurement. The procedure is based on enzyme determination following administration of pancreozymin and secretin, and offers a valuable aid in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and cancer of the pancreas. They are capable of discerning pancreatic lesions but are not really discriminatory because similar changes are observed in both diseases. The measurement of urinary enzyme levels in patients with acute pancreatitis is a sensitive indicator of disease. The urinary amylase excretion rises to abnormal levels and persists at significant values for a longer period of time than the serum amylase in acute pancreatitis. The fractional urinary amylase escretion seems to be more sensitive than daily urinary measurement. The pancreatic exocrin function can be assessed by examining the duodenal contents after intravenous administration of pancreozymin and secretin. Different abnormal secretory patterns can be determinated. Total secretory deficiency is observed in patients with obstruction of excretory ducts by tumors of the head of the pancreas and in the end stage of chronic pancreatitis. Low volume with normal bicarbonate and enzyme concentration is another typical pattern seen in neoplastic obstruction of escretory ducts. In chronic pancreatitis the chief defect is the inability of the gland to secrete a juice with a high bicarbonate concentration; but in the advanced stage diminution of enzyme and volume is also evident. Diagnostic procedures for pancreatic diseases include digestion and absorption tests. The microscopic examination and chemical estimation of the fats in stool specimens in different conditions of intake are still important screening tests. Isotopic estimates of steatorrhea and distinction between labeled triolein and oleic acid absorption do not provide greater diagnostic discrimination than traditional procedures. 131I labeled proteins permit a good evaluation of a negative nitrogen balance. Sophisticated procedures to estimate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are based on the study of endoluminal digestive processes at several times and different level of the small intestine. They permite esclusion of extrapancreatic factors interfering in digestion and absorption functions. The endocrin pancreatic function is evaluated by mean of oral tolerance test an radioimmunoassay of blood insulin. It is generally agreed that "diabetes" caused by insulin deficiency and digestion and absorption defects are the result of diffuse pancreatic destruction. Many methods are now available investigating patients with pancreatic disease but the single use of one of them is never satisfactory...
- Published
- 1976
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