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202. Calibration Drift Among Regression and Machine Learning Models for Hospital Mortality

Author

Davis, Sharon E., Lasko, Thomas A., Chen, Guanhua, and Matheny, Michael E.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Risk, Models, Statistical, Hospitals, Veterans, Articles, United States, Machine Learning, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Logistic Models, Area Under Curve, Calibration, Humans, Female, Hospital Mortality, Neural Networks, Computer, Proportional Hazards Models
Abstract

Advanced regression and machine learning models can provide personalized risk predictions to support clinical decision-making. We aimed to understand whether modeling methods impact the tendency of calibration to deteriorate as patient populations shift over time, with the goal of informing model updating practices. We developed models for 30-day hospital mortality using seven common regression and machine learning methods. Models were developed on 2006 admissions to Department of Veterans Affairs hospitals and validated on admissions in 2007-2013. All models maintained discrimination. Calibration was stable for the neural network model and declined for all other models. The L-2 penalized logistic regression and random forest models experienced smaller magnitudes of calibration drift than the other regression models. Calibration drift was linked with a changing case mix rather than shifts in predictoroutcome associations or outcome rate. Model updating protocols will need to be tailored to variations in calibration drift across methods.

Published
2018

219. Combinations

Author

Dantas, Leticia Mattos, primary, Crowell‐Davis, Sharon L., additional, and Ogata, Niwako, additional

Published
2019
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229. A consumer designed smartphone app for young people with asthma: pilot of engagement and acceptability.

Author

Davis, Sharon Ruth, Peters, Dorian, Calvo, Rafael Alejandro, Sawyer, Susan M., Foster, Juliet M., and Smith, Lorraine D.

Subjects
*SMARTPHONES, *ASTHMA, *QUALITY of life, *HEALTH behavior, *INTRINSIC motivation
Abstract

Objective: This pilot aimed to test the engagement, acceptability, and usefulness of a goal-setting smartphone app, Kiss myAsthma, in young people with asthma. Methods: Young people aged 15–24 years old were invited to trial a smartphone app for asthma management. A mixed-methods approach combined quantitative analysis of self-report questionnaires and app usage log data with qualitative thematic analysis of open-ended questions at baseline and six weeks after downloading the app. App log data (pages visited, frequency of use and content of participants interaction, e.g.goals set, symptoms recorded) were analyzed. Results: Nine of 12 participants completed both baseline and six-week questionnaires. Participants reported high satisfaction with app content and usability (median score 5 out of 6 [range 4–6]) and rated the app highly on "feeling confident in my ability to manage my asthma." At six weeks there was a clinically significant change in asthma quality of life (e.g. Emotional Function domain score baseline: 4.7 [2.7–6.3], follow-up: 5.7 [4.7–6.7]; p = 0.043). Participants logged information about asthma severity, flare-ups and mood and tracked their symptoms with the app's History functionality. Five participants (42%) nominated goals and strategies and 3 participants (25%) entered data in the Inspiration section, a tool to support intrinsic motivation to manage asthma. Qualitative data aligned with quantitative results. Conclusions: This six-week pilot of the Kiss myAsthma app showed its potential to support self-management, quality of life and health behavior change in young people with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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233. Adoption of Secure Messaging in a Patient Portal across Pediatric Specialties

Author

Masterman, Mary, Cronin, Robert M., Davis, Sharon E., Shenson, Jared A., and Jackson, Gretchen P.

Subjects
Male, Academic Medical Centers, Text Messaging, Adolescent, Primary Health Care, Articles, Pediatrics, Tennessee, Young Adult, Patient Portals, Ambulatory Care, Humans, Medicine, Female, Child
Abstract

Few studies have explored adoption of patient portals for pediatric patients outside primary care or disease-specific applications. We examined use of patient-provider messaging in a patient portal across pediatric specialties during the three years after implementation of pediatric portal accounts at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. We determined the number of patient-initiated message threads and clinic visits for pediatric specialties and percentage of these outpatient interactions (i.e., message threads + clinic visits) done through messaging. Generalized estimating equations measured the likelihood of message-based interaction. During the study period, pediatric families initiated 33,503 messages and participated in 318,386 clinic visits. The number of messages sent (and messaging percentage of outpatient interaction) increased each year from 2,860 (2.7%) to 18,772 (17%). Primary care received 4,368 messages (3.4% of outpatient interactions); pediatric subspecialties, 29,135 (13.0%). Rapid growth in messaging volume over time was seen in primary care and most pediatric specialties (OR>1.0; p

Published
2017

237. Conversations about cannabis: the supply process in Australia

Author

Cheng, Katherine, Harnett, Joanna, Davis, Sharon, and Smith, Lorraine

Abstract

In 2016, Australia legislated medicinal cannabis supply as a pharmaceutical product; prescription is through two pathways dependent on product registration status with the Therapeutics Goods Administration. In 2021, down-scheduling of cannabidiol allowed for easier access through pharmacies. Little is known about the perspectives of those involved in medicinal cannabis supply regarding these legislative changes. This study captures the perspectives of stakeholders who access medicinal cannabis prior to patient provision and aims to shed light on the Australian medicinal cannabis supply process.

Published
2024
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238. Meaning and Process in Erotic Offensiveness: An Expose of Exposees

Author

Kantorowski, Davis Sharon and Davis, Phillip W.

Abstract

This study concerns the reactions of women who have encountered male strangers engaging in what is most often referred to in lay, psychiatric, and legal parlance as "exhibitionism" or "indecent exposure." (Author/AM)

Published
1976

239. Transition from School to Work: A Parent's Perspective.

Author

Davis, Sharon

Abstract

A mentally handicapped woman's experiences in making the transition from school to work are described by her mother. Discussed are the National Employment and Training Program, job search, and job training. The mother's concerns about transportation, informed consent, employers' expectations, co-workers' views, and jobs in fast food restaurants are noted. (JDD)

Published
1988

240. Tips for Testing Tots.

Author

Hathaway, Donna J. and Davis, Sharon T.

Abstract

Teachers and clinicians can help ease the anxiety of mildly- to moderately-handicapped three- to five-year-olds and their parents during educational assessment by: careful planning and preparation before testing; gathering all testing materials before screening; talking with parents; understanding children's feelings of restlessness and anxiety; and creating a supportive environment. (CB)

Published
1987

241. Preparing for Your Child's Assessment: A Guide for the Pre-School Parent.

Author

Davis, Sharon T. and Hathaway, Donna J.

Abstract

Parents can prepare their preschoolers for educational assessment by: determining reasons for the assessment; collecting relevant information and questions for the assessment team; discussing the testing program with their children and making sure they are comfortable; and discussing assessment results fully with the professionals when they have finished. (CB)

Published
1987

242. Beyond Traditional Career Stereotyping.

Author

Davis, Sharon A. and Weintraub, Frederick J.

Abstract

The paper explores stereotyped beliefs about the capabilities of handicapped persons and the limiting of their career choices because of these stereotypes. Career education can help to change the situation, the authors say, by giving handicapped students equal opportunities to learn about and prepare for the world of work. (MF)

Published
1978

244. P.L. 94-142 Needs Assessment and Inservice Training Activities of National Education Associations.

Author

Council for Exceptional Children, Reston, VA. and Davis, Sharon A.

Abstract

Nine national education associations were surveyed about inservice training needs assessment and types of training to assist in the implementation of P.L. 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Each association's inservice programs and needs are summarized: the American Association of School Administration, American Federation of Teachers, National Association of Elementary School Principals, National Association of State Boards of Education, National Education Association, National School Boards Association, National Association of State Directors of Special Education, and the Council for Exceptional Children. A concluding summary indicates four needs assessment techniques: analysis of existing records, use of surveys, collection of others' opinions, and observation and intervention. Among training needs reported were development of individualized educational programs, requirements of the law, and instructional techniques for working with children in the least restrictive environment. Publications related to P.L. 94-142, inservice workshops, and audiovisual materials were the most frequently mentioned type of inservice training assistance provided to association members. (CL)

Published
1980

245. Vocational Education of Handicapped Students: A Guide for Policy Development.

Author

Council for Exceptional Children, Reston, VA., Davis, Sharon, and Ward, Michael

Abstract

Designed to assist state and local educational agencies and intermeidate educational units in developing administrative policies for the vocational education of handicapped students, the manual address present policy areas and administrative concerns. Guidelines are presented for policy development in the following nine areas (examples of subtopics in parentheses): planning and administration (cooperation with vocational rehabilitation and other agencies); identification of students (referrals); vocational assessment (vocational counseling and observation of work behavior); individualized education programs; program placement (least restrictive environment and periodic review); service delivery (coordination of services and vocational education modifications); facilities and equipment (accessibility of new construction and adaptive services); personnel (student/staff ratio and inservice training); and fiscal management. (CL)

Published
1978

246. A Review of Selected Inservice Training Components of States' 1978-79 Annual Program Plans.

Author

Council for Exceptional Children, Reston, VA., Davis, Sharon, and Cave, Odessa

Abstract

The inservice training sections of annual program plans of 49 states were reviewed to determine states' responses to specific regulations. All states indicated needs for training, most frequently specifying the individualized education program as the area in which training was needed. Other high priority areas reported were least restrictive environment, procedural safeguards, and diagnostic procedures. Regular class teachers, parents of handicapped children, and special class teachers ranked as the top three personnel targets of training. Other components of inservice reviewed were processes for determining training needs, record analysis, strtegies for training, uses of incentives, sources of funding, and evaluation procedures. (CL)

Published
1979

248. Does Socioeconomic Status Bias the Assignment of Elementary School Students to Reading Groups?

Author

Haller, Emil J. and Davis, Sharon A.

Abstract

Standardized reading test scores, family socioeconomic status (SES), and teacher-assigned reading groups of pupils in 37 midelementary classrooms from four school districts were examined. Little support was found for the conjecture that pupil or teacher social class plays a major role in elementary school reading grouping. (Author/GK)

Published
1980

249. Teacher Perceptions, Parental Social Status and Grouping for Reading Instruction.

Author

Haller, Emil J. and Davis, Sharon A.

Abstract

This article discusses a study undertaken to determine teacher's perceptions of their students based on factors such as socioeconomic status of the parents. The study involved regression analyses of correctly grouped and misplaced students. Findings indicated that parental socio- economic standing did not have substantial influence on curricular assignments. (Author/DB)

Published
1981

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