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201. Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 6: discography for patient selection

Author: Andrew T. Dailey, Praveen V. Mummaneni, William C. Watters, Jeffrey C. Wang, Daniel K. Resnick, Michael G. Kaiser, Tanvir F. Choudhri, Sanjay S. Dhall, Zoher Ghogawala, Michael W. Groff, Alok D. Sharan, and Jason C. Eck
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Discography, Patient Care Planning, Degenerative disease, Lumbar, medicine, Humans, Intervertebral Disc, Pain Measurement, Modalities, Evidence-Based Medicine, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Patient Selection, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Guideline, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spinal Fusion, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Physical therapy, Etiology, Spinal Diseases, business, Low Back Pain, Cohort study
Abstract: Identifying the etiology of pain for patients suffering from chronic low-back pain remains problematic. Noninvasive imaging modalities, used in isolation, have not consistently provided sufficient evidence to support performance of a lumbar fusion. Provocative testing has been used as an adjunct in this assessment, either alone or in combination with other modalities, to enhance the diagnostic capabilities when evaluating patients with low-back pain. There have been a limited number of studies investigating this topic since the publication of the original guidelines. Based primarily on retrospective studies, discography, as a stand-alone test, is not recommended to formulate treatment strategies for patients with low-back pain. A single randomized cohort study demonstrated an improved potential of discoblock over discography as a predictor of success following lumbar fusion. It is therefore recommended that discoblock be considered as a diagnostic option. There is a possibility, based on a matched cohort study, that an association exists between progression of degenerative disc disease and the performance of a provocative discogram. It is therefore recommended that patients be counseled regarding this potential development prior to undergoing discography.
Published: 2014

202. Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 7: lumbar fusion for intractable low-back pain without stenosis or spondylolisthesis

Author: Raveen V. Mummaneni, Michael W. Groff, Sanjay S. Dhall, Alok D. Sharan, Daniel K. Resnick, Tanvir F. Choudhri, Jeffrey C. Wang, Jason C. Eck, Michael G. Kaiser, Zoher Ghogawala, William C. Watters, and Andrew T. Dailey
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Degenerative disc disease, law.invention, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Lumbar, Degenerative disease, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Humans, Rehabilitation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, General Medicine, Guideline, medicine.disease, Low back pain, Spondylolisthesis, Spinal Fusion, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Physical therapy, medicine.symptom, business, Low Back Pain
Abstract: Establishing an appropriate treatment strategy for patients presenting with low-back pain, in the absence of stenosis or spondylolisthesis, remains a controversial subject. Inherent to this situation is often an inability to adequately identify the source of low-back pain to justify various treatment recommendations, such as lumbar fusion. The current evidence does not identify a single best treatment alternative for these patients. Based on a number of prospective, randomized trials, comparable outcomes, for patients presenting with 1- or 2-level degenerative disc disease, have been demonstrated following either lumbar fusion or a comprehensive rehabilitation program with a cognitive element. Limited access to such comprehensive rehabilitative programs may prove problematic when pursuing this alternative. For patients whose pain is refractory to conservative care, lumbar fusion is recommended. Limitations of these studies preclude the ability to present the most robust recommendation in support of lumbar fusion. A number of lesser-quality studies, primarily case series, also support the use of lumbar fusion in this patient population.
Published: 2014

203. Guideline update for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 3: assessment of economic outcome

Author: Michael G. Kaiser, Tanvir F. Choudhri, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Sanjay S. Dhall, Jeffrey C. Wang, Andrew T. Dailey, Michael W. Groff, William C. Watters, Daniel K. Resnick, Robert G. Whitmore, Zoher Ghogawala, Alok D. Sharan, and Jason C. Eck
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Outcome (game theory), Degenerative disease, Lumbar, Medicine, Humans, health care economics and organizations, Cost database, Evidence-Based Medicine, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, General Medicine, Guideline, medicine.disease, Femoral ring, medicine.anatomical_structure, Models, Economic, Spinal Fusion, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Lumbar spine, Spinal Diseases, business
Abstract: A comprehensive economic analysis generally involves the calculation of indirect and direct health costs from a societal perspective as opposed to simply reporting costs from a hospital or payer perspective. Hospital charges for a surgical procedure must be converted to cost data when performing a cost-effectiveness analysis. Once cost data has been calculated, quality-adjusted life year data from a surgical treatment are calculated by using a preference-based health-related quality-of-life instrument such as the EQ-5D. A recent cost-utility analysis from a single study has demonstrated the long-term (over an 8-year time period) benefits of circumferential fusions over stand-alone posterolateral fusions. In addition, economic analysis from a single study has found that lumbar fusion for selected patients with low-back pain can be recommended from an economic perspective. Recent economic analysis, from a single study, finds that femoral ring allograft might be more cost-effective compared with a specific titanium cage when performing an anterior lumbar interbody fusion plus posterolateral fusion.
Published: 2014

204. Pathogenesis of spinal cord injury induced edema and neuropathic pain: expression of multiple isoforms of wnk1

Author: Hyun Kyung Lee, Douglus Kintner, Kush Patel, Zach Clark, Mostafa M. Ahmed, Jiliian Joslin, Daniel K. Resnick, Gurwattan S. Miranpuri, Carrie Nacht, and Lisa Liu
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Spinal cord injury, HSN2, Pharmacology, Neuropathic pain, Structural Neuroscience, Pathogenesis, Edema, Thermal hyperalgesia, NKCC1, medicine, WNK1, Kinase, business.industry, General Neuroscience, medicine.disease, medicine.symptom, business, Bumetanide, Research Article, MRI, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common occurrence following spinal cord injury (SCI). Identification of specific molecular pathways that are involved in pain syndromes has become a major priority in current SCI research. We have investigated the role of a cation-dependent chloride transporter, Cl-regulatory protein Na+-K+-Cl- 1 (NKCC1), phosphorylation profile of NKCC1 and its specific involvement in neuropathic pain following contusion SCI (cSCI) using a rat model. Administration of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide (BU) increases the mean hindpaw withdrawal latency time (WLT), thermal hyperalgesia (TH) following cSCI. These results demonstrate implication of NKCC1 co-transporter and BUin SCI-induced neuropathic pain. The with-no-lysine (K)–1 (WNK1) kinase has been shown to be an important regulator of NKCC1 phosphorylation in many systems, including nocioception. Mutations in a neuronal-specific exon of WNK1 (HSN2) was identified in patients that have hereditary sensory neuropathy type II (HSANII) also implicates WNK1 in nocioception, such that these patients have loss of perception to pain, touch and heat. In our ongoing research we proposed two studies utilizing our contusion SCI (cSCI) NP model of rat. Purpose Study 1 aimed at NKCC1 expression and activity is up-regulated following cSCI in the early edema and chronic neuropathic pain phases. Study 2 aimed at identifying the expression profile of alternatively spliced WNK1 isoforms in animals exhibiting thermal hyperalgesia (TH) following cSCI. Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (275–300 g) following laminectomy received cSCI at T9 with the NYU impactor-device II by dropping 10 g weight from the height of 12.5 mm. Control rats obtained laminectomy but no impaction. Following injury, functional recovery was assessed by BBB locomotor scores on day 1, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 and development of thermal hyperalgesia on day 21, 28, 35, and 42 day of injury by monitoring hind paw withdraw latency time (WLT) in seconds compared with the baseline data before injury. Results Increased NKCC1 may explain observed increase in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2, exhibiting NKCC1 localization in neurons. This data supports NKCC1’s role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic phases of injury, namely spinal cord edema and chronic phase neuropathic pain. NKCC1 dependent chloride influx requires the phosphorylation at specific residues. Probing for the HSN2 exon of WNK1 reveals two key findings: i) the HSN2 exon is found in alternatively spliced neuronal isoforms found at 250 kDa and 230 kDa; ii) the 250 kDa isoform is found only in tissue that is injured. Conclusions This data implicates the NKCC1/WNK1/WNK1HSN2 involvement in post-injury response that contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. Targeting this system may have therapeutic benefit.
Published: 2014

205. Cost-effectiveness of lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis: experience with the NeuroPoint-SD registry

Author: Stephen J. Dante, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Robert F. Heary, Daniel K. Resnick, Jill Curran, Subu N. Magge, Zoher Ghogawala, John E. Ziewacz, Anthony L. Asher, Andrea F. Douglas, Joseph S. Cheng, Rishi Wadhwa, Michael G. Kaiser, Justin S. Smith, Robert G. Whitmore, Christopher I. Shaffrey, Khalid M. Abbed, Neil R. Malhotra, and R. John Hurlbert
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cost effectiveness, medicine.medical_treatment, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cohort Studies, Indirect costs, Lumbar, Discectomy, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Registries, Prospective cohort study, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spondylolisthesis, Surgery, Quality-adjusted life year, Oswestry Disability Index, Spinal Fusion, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Diskectomy, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Object There is significant practice variation and uncertainty as to the value of surgical treatments for lumbar spine disorders. The authors' aim was to establish a multicenter registry to assess the efficacy and costs of common lumbar spinal procedures by using prospectively collected outcomes. Methods An observational prospective cohort study was completed at 13 academic and community sites. Patients undergoing single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis or single-level lumbar discectomy were included. The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) data were obtained preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Power analysis estimated a sample size of 160 patients: lumbar disc (125 patients) and lumbar listhesis (35 patients). The quality-adjusted life year (QALY) data were calculated using 6-dimension utility index scores. Direct costs and complication costs were estimated using Medicare reimbursement values from 2011, and indirect costs were estimated using the human capital approach with the 2011 US national wage index. Total costs equaled $14,980 for lumbar discectomy and $43,852 for surgery for lumbar spondylolisthesis. Results There were 198 patients enrolled over 1 year. The mean age was 46 years (49% female) for lumbar discectomy (n = 148) and 58.1 years (60% female) for lumbar spondylolisthesis (n = 50). Ten patients with disc herniation (6.8%) and 1 with listhesis (2%) required repeat operation at 1 year. The overall 1-year follow-up rate was 88%. At 30 days, both lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion procedures were associated with significant improvements in ODI, visual analog scale, and SF-36 scores (p = 0.0002), which persisted at the 1-year evaluation (p < 0.0001). By 1 year, more than 80% of patients in each cohort who were working preoperatively had returned to work. Lumbar discectomy was associated with a gain of 0.225 QALYs over the 1-year study period ($66,578/QALY gained). Lumbar spinal fusion for Grade I listhesis was associated with a gain of 0.195 QALYs over the 1-year study period ($224,420/QALY gained). Conclusions This national spine registry demonstrated successful collection of high-quality outcomes data for spinal procedures in actual practice. These data are useful for demonstrating return to work and cost-effectiveness following surgical treatment of single-level lumbar disc herniation or spondylolisthesis. One-year cost per QALY was obtained, and this cost per QALY is expected to improve further by 2 years. This work sets the stage for real-world analysis of the value of health interventions.
Published: 2014

206. Regional and temporal changes in prostaglandin E 2 and thromboxane B 2 concentrations after spinal cord injury

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, Peter Nguyen, and Catherine F. Cechvala
Subjects: Male, Cord, Thromboxane, medicine.medical_treatment, Prostaglandin, Dinoprostone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cerebrospinal fluid, Animals, Medicine, Rats, Long-Evans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, Prostaglandin E2, Spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord Injuries, business.industry, Spinal cord, medicine.disease, Rats, Thromboxane B2, Disease Models, Animal, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Anesthesia, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug, Prostaglandin E
Abstract: Background context: Inflammatory metabolites of arachidonic acid likely play a significant role in secondary injury after spinal cord trauma. Purpose: We sought to characterize the regional and temporal alterations in prostaglandin concentrations after injury in a rat model. Study design/setting: Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and thromboxane B 2 (TxB 2 ) concentrations were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in different parts of the injured spinal cord at various time points after spinal cord injury. Outcome measures: PGE 2 and TxB 2 levels were measured by means of an enzyme immune assay. Methods: Forty-six adult Long Evans rats were subject to spinal cord injury using the NYU impactor. Animals were divided into three groups. Fourteen animals were used in a pilot study to determine the timing and location of PGE 2 production after spinal cord injury. These animals were sacrificed, and samples of injured cord, rostral cord and CSF were assayed for PGE 2 concentration. The remaining 32 animals were used to establish the time course of prostaglandin production. Twenty-eight animals were subjected to a spinal cord injury, and four animals served as sham-operated controls. These animals were sacrificed at predetermined time points 2 to 72 hours after injury, and the injured segments of spinal cord were harvested. Results: Both PGE 2 and TxB 2 concentrations increased immediately after injury in the injured segment. PGE 2 concentrations increased faster and more dramatically in the injured segment of spinal cord than in CSF or noninjured segments. Elevations in PGE 2 and TXB 2 concentrations were persistent for 72 hours after injury. Conclusion: Elevated concentrations of arachidonic acid metabolites can be detected in the injured segment of the spinal cord for at least 72 hours after injury. Concentration changes are detected earlier and are more dramatic in the injured cord segment than in rostral segments or the CSF.
Published: 2001

207. The translaminar approach to lumbar disc herniations impinging the exiting root - Comments

Author: Edward C. Benzel, Odette Harris, Daniel H. Kim, Daniel K. Resnick, DE DIVITIIS, ORESTE, Edward C., Benzel, Odette, Harri, Daniel H., Kim, DE DIVITIIS, Oreste, and Daniel K., Resnick
Published: 2008

208. Gliosarcoma metastatic to the cervical spinal cord: case report and review of the literature

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, M. Shahriar Salamat, and Brian P. Witwer
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Gliosarcoma, medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, Diagnosis, Differential, Central nervous system disease, Intramedullary rod, Fatal Outcome, law, Humans, Medicine, Spinal Cord Neoplasms, Craniotomy, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, Astrocytoma, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Temporal Lobe, Paresis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cervical Vertebrae, Disease Progression, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Sarcoma, business, Cervical vertebrae
Abstract: BACKGROUND We describe a case of an intramedullary metastasis to the cervical spinal cord from a temporal gliosarcoma. CASE DESCRIPTION A 48-year-old man with known temporal lobe gliosarcoma presented with a new onset of ipsilateral hemiparesis. A MRI scan revealed the presence of an intramedullary lesion in the spinal cord behind the body of C2. Despite repeated craniotomy, radiation, and chemotherapy, the patient succumbed to a rapidly progressive disease. CONCLUSION The case illustrates the ability of gliosarcoma to metastasize to other locations in the neuroaxis. We believe this to be the first case report of an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from a gliosarcoma. The pathological features and available literature are reviewed.
Published: 2000

209. Neuroscience education of undergraduate medical students. Part II: outcome improvement

Author: Daniel K. Resnick and Lincoln F. Ramirez
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Educational measurement, Neurology, Higher education, business.industry, education, MEDLINE, medicine.disease, Medicine, Spine injury, Neurosurgery, business, Curriculum, Neuroscience, Stroke
Abstract: Object. Because of political and economic pressures, primary care physicians are now charged with greater responsibility for the care of patients with disease processes definitively managed by neurosurgeons. The goal of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of a neurosurgical curriculum designed to teach future primary care physicians about these diseases.Methods. A compact, seven-lecture curriculum was developed to teach 3rd-year medical students about degenerative spine disease, stroke, tumor- and hydrocephalus-related raised intracranial pressure, head and spine injury, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. This curriculum was given as part of a 6-week pilot course that included neurology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and rehabilitation medicine components. This course was administered to two groups of 18 medical students, and an examination was administered at the end of the pilot course. The same examination was administered to an additional 19 students immediately after their completion of the neurology course currently required.Students enrolled in the pilot neuroscience course performed significantly better (p < 0.001) on the examination than those who had completed the standard neurology course. Striking improvements were noted in the recognition and management of head injury, hydrocephalus, and radiculopathy.Conclusions. Inclusion of a short neurosurgery-related curriculum in a combined neuroscience course significantly improved student performance on an examination focusing on the recognition and management of common neurosurgical disorders. Because primary care physicians are responsible for the initial recognition and management of these disorders, the knowledge gained may lead to improved patient care.
Published: 2000

210. Cervical Spine Evaluation in Obtunded or Comatose Pediatric Trauma Patients: A Pilot Study

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, Adelson Pd, Robert J. Sclabassi, Elad I. Levy, and Alan M. Scarrow
Subjects: Male, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Movement, Radiography, Population, Pilot Projects, Unconsciousness, Neurological disorder, Clinical Protocols, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, medicine, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Child, education, Prospective cohort study, Spinal Cord Injuries, Coma, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Infant, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Median Nerve, Surgery, Hemiparesis, Spinal Injuries, Somatosensory evoked potential, Child, Preschool, Fluoroscopy, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cervical Vertebrae, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies, Pediatric trauma
Abstract: A uniformly accepted protocol for evaluation and clearance of the cervical spine of pediatric trauma patients with altered mental status does not currently exist. We sought to detect cervical spine injuries in this group with minimal risk. Patients were evaluated with standard three-view cervical spine radiographs and CT when necessary. Those patients without radiographic abnormality and altered mental status underwent flexion-extension of the cervical spine using fluoroscopy with somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring. Those with abnormal movement by fluoroscopy or changes in SSEP underwent MRI. Fifteen patients were evaluated with this protocol. Two patients had movement on flexion-extension of the cervical spine and 5 had SSEP changes. Three patients had an MRI with only 1 showing injury. Five patients had residual hemiparesis. Evaluation of the cervical spine in obtunded or comatose pediatric trauma patients can be done safely with flexion-extension under fluoroscopy and SSEP monitoring. Further prospective studies are required to determine the efficacy of SSEP monitoring for cervical spine clearance in this select population.
Published: 1999

211. Microvascular Decompression for Pediatric Onset Trigeminal Neuralgia

Author: Elad I. Levy, Peter J. Jannetta, and Daniel K. Resnick
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microsurgery, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Microvascular decompression, Cerebellopontine Angle, Veins, Trigeminal neuralgia, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Cranial nerve disease, Trigeminal Nerve, Child, education, Superior cerebellar artery, Retrospective Studies, Trigeminal nerve, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Arteries, Middle Aged, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Decompression, Surgical, medicine.disease, Cerebellopontine angle, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Anesthesia, Neuralgia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) is generally a disease of the elderly. Vascular compression, the causative agent in the majority of cases, is thought to result from atherosclerotic changes within the vessels of the posterior fossa. Rarely, the disease presents during childhood, before the onset of severe atherosclerotic changes. We therefore sought to explore the role of vascular compression in pediatric patients with medically refractory TGN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients were identified in whom the onset of typical TGN had occurred during childhood (age 18 yr or younger) and who underwent exploration of the cerebellopontine angle. Twenty-two of 23 underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve. Twenty-one of these patients were followed for more than 1 year. A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the efficacy of MVD for the treatment of TGN in this select population. Operative findings were recorded and correlated with patient outcome. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 23 patients (96%) were found to have vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve at the time of exploration. One patient was found to have an epidermoid tumor. MVD resulted in complete pain relief at the time of discharge in 16 of 22 patients (73%), with an additional 4 patients (18%) having a greater than 75% diminution of pain. The 21 patients who were followed for at least 1 year were followed for a mean of 105 months. At the time of their last follow-up, 9 of these patients (43%) continued to have complete pain relief and 3 (14%) had a greater than 75% diminution of pain. The most common operative finding was a vein compressing the nerve, often in combination with a branch of the superior cerebellar artery. DISCUSSION: MVD has been demonstrated to be a safe and efficacious treatment for TGN in the adult population. Patients whose symptoms begin in childhood do not enjoy the same therapeutic response to MVD as do patients with TGN onset in adulthood. An increased incidence of venous compression was noted in this population, as was a longer duration of symptoms before MVD. These factors may be responsible for the decreased efficacy of MVD in this patient population.
Published: 1998

212. Lateral Extracavitary Approach for Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma: Operative Complications

Author: Daniel K. Resnick and Edward C. Benzel
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Pleural effusion, Decompression, Joint Dislocations, Thoracic Vertebrae, Postoperative Complications, medicine, Humans, Rachis, Neurologic Examination, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Medical record, Perioperative, Decompression, Surgical, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Hemothorax, Thoracostomy, Surgery, Spinal Fusion, Spinal Injuries, Spinal Fractures, Neurology (clinical), Complication, business
Abstract: Background The lateral extracavitary approach (LECA) to the thoracic and thoracolumbar spine allows ventral decompression and dorsal fixation of the spine through the same incision during a single procedure. The approach, however, is technically demanding and time-consuming. We sought to determine the incidence of complications associated with the LECA in patients with acute thoracolumbar spine injuries. Patients and methods A retrospective chart review of all patients with acute fractures or dislocations of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine who underwent surgery via the LECA was conducted to assess the incidence and type of perioperative complications associated with the LECA. Results Thirty-three patients with thoracic or thoracolumbar spine injuries treated using the LECA between June 1990 and June 1996 were identified and had available medical records. Complications occurred in 18 of these patients. Pulmonary complications predominated. Eleven patients required tube thoracostomy for hemothorax or persistent pleural effusions, and seven patients developed postoperative pneumonia. There were no cases of neurological worsening. There was no mortality. Conclusion Decompression and stabilization of acute thoracolumbar fractures with the LECA in the acute setting is associated with a 55% incidence of morbidity. Whereas some of this morbidity may be attributed to the effects of the injury, there is a certain intrinsic morbidity associated with the LECA. Although this morbidity may compare favorably with that of sequential ventral/dorsal approaches, the biomechanical advantages obtained with a combined ventral and dorsal construct must be balanced against the inherent morbidity of such approaches.
Published: 1998

213. Biomechanics of the Thoracolumbar Spine

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, Simcha J. Weller, and Edward C. Benzel
Subjects: Patterns of failure, Orthodontics, business.industry, Biomechanics, Structural integrity, Thoracolumbar spine, General Medicine, Lumbar vertebrae, medicine.disease_cause, Weight-bearing, Biomechanical Phenomena, medicine.anatomical_structure, Thoracic vertebrae, medicine, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: The thoracolumbar spine is the principal load-bearing structure of the body. As such, it is subject to a wide variety of forces that can be described by biomechanical principles. Forces act through vectors, depending on the direction of force and the relative location of the instantaneous axis of rotation. Patterns of failure due to supraphysiologic loading or through the loss of structural integrity may be predicted based on the applied force vectors and the stabilization components lost. An understanding of these forces and their effects on the spine is crucial for the safe and efficacious treatment of spinal deformities.
Published: 1997

214. Pediatric Hemifacial Spasm: The Efficacy of Microvascular Decompression

Author: Peter J. Jannetta, Elad I. Levy, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas J. Lovely, and David J. Bissonette
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microsurgery, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Microvascular decompression, medicine.artery, Humans, Medicine, Cranial nerve disease, Hemifacial Spasm, Child, Vein, business.industry, Nerve Compression Syndromes, Cranial Nerves, General Medicine, Decompression, Surgical, medicine.disease, Cerebellopontine angle, Facial nerve, Surgery, Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Hemifacial spasm, Blood vessel
Abstract: Hemifacial spasm (HFS), generally a disease of the elderly, is caused by vascular compression of the seventh nerve. Vascular compression is thought to result from atherosclerotic changes within the vessels of the posterior fossa, and therefore rarely presents in childhood. Here we describe our experience with 12 patients with onset of HFS during childhood (age 18 or less) and who had surgical exploration of the cerebellopontine angle. These patients represent less than 1.2% of the patient population with HFS operated upon at this institution during the study period. Nine patients had follow-up data extending over 83 months. All 12 patients were found to have microvascular compression of the seventh nerve at the time of surgery. The most common operative finding was compression of the seventh nerve by a vein, alone or in combination with a branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. At the time of discharge and after a mean follow-up period of 125 months, microvascular decompression resulted in complete relief of spasm in 67% of the patients.
Published: 1997

215. Minimally Incisional Stabilization of Unstable L5 Burst Fracture

Author: Soner Sahin and Daniel K. Resnick
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Bone Screws, Fracture Fixation, Internal, Fixation (surgical), Burst fracture, Fractures, Compression, Fracture fixation, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Medicine, Internal fixation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Instrumented fusion, Treatment options, Sacrum, medicine.disease, Surgery, Vertebral body, Spinal Fractures, Female, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Background Burst fractures of the L5 vertebral body are uncommon. Treatment options described include prolonged immobilization and surgical stabilization, most commonly with an instrumented fusion from L4 to the sacrum. Methods We describe the use of a minimally incisional technique to provide temporary internal fixation in a patient with an L5 burst fracture who was not a candidate for prolonged immobilization. Results This technique resulted in an excellent outcome without the requirement for a fusion. Conclusion Minimally incisional fixation procedures are a treatment option for select patients with L5 burst fractures.
Published: 2005

216. Long-term kinematic analysis of cervical spine after single-level implantation of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis: a review

Author: Daniel K. Resnick
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Male, Total Disc Replacement, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Anatomy, Kinematics, Intervertebral Disc Degeneration, Single level, musculoskeletal system, Cervical spine, Prosthesis, Radiography, Cervical Vertebrae, Medicine, Humans, Surgery, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Cervical disc
Abstract: COMMENTARY ON Ryu WHA, Kowalczyk I, Duggal N. Long-term kinematic analysis of cervical spine after single-level implantation of Bryan cervical disc prosthesis. Spine J 2013; 13:628–34 ( in this issue ).
Published: 2013

217. Updated Guidelines for the Management of Acute Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Injury

Author: Daniel K, Resnick
Subjects: Practice Guidelines as Topic, Cervical Vertebrae, Humans, Spinal Cord Injuries
Published: 2013

218. Thermal hyperalgesia assessment for rats after spinal cord injury: developing a valid and useful pain index

Author: Hung Tae Kim, Steven Siegel, Daniel K. Resnick, Nayab Khan, TaeHee Kim, Brianna Novotny, Gurwattan S. Miranpuri, and James Aksamit
Subjects: Male, Schmidt sting pain index, Hot Temperature, Time Factors, Pain, Context (language use), Rats, Sprague-Dawley, medicine, Animals, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Latency (engineering), Animal testing, Spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord Injuries, Pain Measurement, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, Rats, Hyperalgesia, Anesthesia, Neuropathic pain, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Animal studies, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background context Ongoing research to understand the mechanism behind pain is heavily dependent on animal testing. However, unlike humans, animal subjects cannot directly communicate with researchers to express the degree of pain they are experiencing. Therefore, measuring the presence of pain in animal studies is based on behavioral tests. The use of arbitrary values for determining the presence of pain in animal studies is an oversimplification of a complex and cortically dependent process. Purpose The purpose of the present study was to identify a statistically supported latency time indicator that can be used as an accurate index for hyperalgesia to thermal stimuli in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to T9 contusive spinal cord injury (SCI). Study design A statistical analysis of latency of withdrawal from stimulus-mediated spinal reflex in 979 Sprague-Dawley rats that had been subjected to a T9 contusive SCI was performed. Methods This is a retrospective review of a large research database derived from a series of studies performed evaluating thermal hyperalgesia in rats after SCI. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a T9 contusive SCI and were tested for withdrawal latency from a heat stimulus. Assessment was done preinjury and on Postinjury Days 21, 28, 35, and 42 of the chronic phase of injury via a plantar withdrawal test. Results The baseline test results of the 979 rats showed a significant resemblance to the normal distribution. The observed change in withdrawal showed mean latency drops of 0.42 second (standard error of the mean [SEM], 0.18; p=.026), 0.57 second (SEM, 0.19; p=.004), 0.63 second (SEM, 0.19; p=.002), and 0.69 second (SEM, 0.19; p=.0003). The standard deviation from the mean at all four postsurgical assessments was between 2.8 and 2.9 seconds. Conclusions Interpretation of withdrawal latency times as a marker for thermal hyperalgesia must be based on an appreciation for the normal distribution of pain scores. Recognizing that withdrawal latency is normally distributed both before and after injury allows for rational assignment of animals to groups designated as hyperalgesic and nonhyperalgesic. Two point nine seconds faster than the mean latency time is a statistically reliable indicator of thermal hyperalgesia in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to contusive SCI. Repeated testing of animals to establish the presence or absence of thermal hyperalgesia beyond 21 days is not necessary in the absence of intervention.
Published: 2013

219. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis

Author: Peter J. Jannetta, L. Dade Lunsford, Daniel K. Resnick, and David J. Bissonette
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Percutaneous, Decompression, medicine.medical_treatment, Microvascular decompression, Trigeminal neuralgia, Humans, Medicine, Cranial nerve disease, Aged, Trigeminal nerve, business.industry, Middle Aged, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Decompression, Surgical, medicine.disease, Cerebellopontine angle, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Neuralgia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is a well-established procedure for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been considered a contraindication for this procedure, due to the known polycentric nature of the disease. Medical treatment followed by percutaneous procedures provide relief for the great majority of these patients. There exists a small subgroup of patients with trigeminal neuralgia who are diagnosed with MS only after a microvascular decompression procedure has been performed. Furthermore, management of the patient with known MS whose pain continues to recur, despite maximal medical therapy and multiple percutaneous procedures, can be exceedingly difficult. METHODS Five patients with MS, three who had undergone multiple unsuccessful percutaneous procedures and two in whom the diagnosis of MS had not been established, underwent exploration of the cerebellopontine angle. Three patients underwent MVD alone, and two (both with known MS) underwent MVD and partial section of the trigeminal nerve. RESULTS Patients who underwent microvascular decompression alone did not have satisfactory relief of pain. Patients who underwent partial sectioning of the nerve did better. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MS and symptoms of typical trigeminal neuralgia may benefit from exploration of the cerebellopontine angle and partial sectioning of the nerve. MVD alone fails to provide adequate or reliable relief of pain.
Published: 1996

220. The Relationship of Blood Velocity As Measured by Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography to Cerebral Blood Flow Determined by Stable Xenon Computed Tomographic As Studies after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, Brent L. Clyde, Anthony M. Kaufmann, Holly A. Smith, and Howard Yonas
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Xenon, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Systole, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Hemodynamics, Aneurysm, Ruptured, Hematocrit, Sensitivity and Specificity, Postoperative Complications, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Dominance, Cerebral, Nimodipine, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, Intracranial Aneurysm, Blood flow, Middle Aged, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, medicine.disease, Transcranial Doppler, Treatment Outcome, Cerebral blood flow, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Regional Blood Flow, Middle cerebral artery, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Blood Flow Velocity, medicine.drug
Abstract: Transcranial doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is often used to guide the management of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the correlation between increased blood velocity as measured by TCD ultrasonography and angiographic vasospasm was established before the routine use of hypervolemia/hemodilution and administration of nimodipine and did not address blood flow. The relationship of blood velocity as measured by TCD ultrasonography and local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in SAH managed with these modalities is unknown. Patients presenting with aneurysmal SAH between January 1992 and September 1993 who underwent TCD ultrasonography and xenon computed tomographic (Xe/CT) LCBF studies within 12 hours were retrospectively studied. Fifty patients underwent a total of 94 paired studies, encompassing 709 vascular territories. All were treated with nimodipine and hypervolemia/hemodilution. Hematocrit, blood pressure, and partial carbon dioxide pressure were similar at the time of TCD ultrasonography and Xe/CT measurement of LCBF. When LCBF in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) wasor = 31 ml/100 g/min, the corresponding peak systolic velocity measured by TCD ultrasonography was 119 cm/s, whereas those31 ml/100 g/min had a velocity of 169 cm/s (P = 0.006). High LCBF was associated with high velocity in all vascular territories, reaching significance in all but the internal carotid artery. At the time of each study, 41 neurological examinations were focal and 53 were nonfocal. The Xe/CT measurement of LCBF in the MCA contralateral to a deficit was significantly less than in territories without corresponding clinical deficits (P = 0.01), whereas peak systolic velocities in the MCA were not significantly different (P = 0.71). Territories with increases in blood velocity in the MCA of50 cm/s/24 h did not have statistically different LCBF (P = 0.183). Our results suggest that increased blood velocity revealed by TCD ultrasonography correlates with increased LCBF and not with ischemia. No difference in LCBF was found in territories with and without rapid increases in blood velocity in the MCA. Furthermore, although focal neurological deficits corresponded with decreased contralateral LCBF in the MCA, increased velocity did not correlate with neurological findings. Therapeutic decisions based solely on blood velocity revealed by TCD ultrasonography might be inappropriate and potentially harmful. Xe/CT studies of LCBF are useful in guiding the management of SAH.
Published: 1996

221. Two-Year Evaluation of the X-STOP Interspinous Spacer in Different Primary Patient Populations With Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication Because of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Author: Ken Y. Hsu, Charles A. Hartjen, Emily H. Hsu, Grant A. Skidmore, James F. Zucherman, and Daniel K. Resnick
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Treatment outcome, Prosthesis Implantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Lumbar, Spinal Stenosis, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, In patient, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 030222 orthopedics, Cross-Over Studies, Lumbar Vertebrae, business.industry, Lumbar spinal stenosis, Intermittent Claudication, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Intermittent claudication, United States, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Multicenter study, Equipment and Supplies, Anesthesia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Multicenter, prospective single-arm study in patients diagnosed with neurogenic intermittent claudication because of lumbar spinal stenosis.To collect data from 2 different primary patient populations, new participants meeting entry criteria [Continued Access Program (CAP)], or subjects who had been randomly assigned to nonsurgical management in the pivotal Investigational Device Exemption study and failed to respond upon study completion [Crossover Study (COS)].The X-STOP interspinous spacer is a minimally invasive treatment option for neurogenic intermittent claudication shown to improve pain, physical functioning, and/or overall quality of life.Fifty-five subjects were enrolled, 42 in CAP and 13 in COS. Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) success rates were obtained based on the number of subjects achieving a threshold level of success. Mean SF-36 domain scores were compared with baseline using repeated measures analysis of variance.Eighty percent of subjects completed the study. At 2 years, 26/43 subjects (60.5%) achieved clinically significant improvement in the Symptom Severity domain, 25/43 (58.1%) achieved clinically significant improvement in the Physical Function domain, and 31/44 (70.5%) achieved clinically significant improvement in the Patient Satisfaction domain of the ZCQ. Statistically significant improvement in mean scores was obtained in all physical domains of the SF-36 (with the exception of General Health) at 24 months. Mean improvement in ZCQ and SF-36 scores was not as pronounced in the COS cohort compared with the CAP cohort. The most frequently reported device-related or treatment-related adverse event was stenosis pain reported by 3 subjects.Overall data are consistent with the randomized pivotal Investigational Device Exemption trial. On the basis of the COS cohort which was subject to several additional years of failed conservative treatment, overall success rates do not improve as greatly in patients with long-standing lumbar spinal stenosis symptoms.
Published: 2012

222. Isolated toxoplasmosis of the thoracic spinal cord in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Author: Hoover Ww, Daniel K. Resnick, Jacobs Gb, Martinez Aj, William C. Welch, and Christopher H. Comey
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Open biopsy, Biopsy, Spinal Cord Diseases, law.invention, Central nervous system disease, Lesion, Intramedullary rod, law, medicine, Humans, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Toxoplasmosis, Lymphoma, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: ✓ Toxoplasmosis and lymphoma are the two most common causes of intraparenchymal cerebral mass lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The clinical and radiographic features of the intracranial lesions have been well described. Because of the high frequency of toxoplasmosis in the AIDS population, common therapy for patients presenting with intracranial mass lesions consists of an empirical trial of anti-Toxoplasma chemotherapy, with biopsy reserved for cases demonstrating features considered to be more consistent with lymphoma, or for lesions that do not improve despite adequate anti-Toxoplasma treatment. A similar treatment algorithm does not exist for intramedullary lesions of the spinal cord. The authors describe a patient who presented with paraparesis resulting from an isolated thoracic intramedullary lesion. An open biopsy of the lesion revealed characteristic structures containing Toxoplasma tachyzoites. The clinical and radiographic presentation of the lesion is discussed, the available literature is reviewed, and a treatment strategy for spinal cord lesions in AIDS patients is proposed.
Published: 1995

223. Surgical Management of the Cloverleaf Skull Deformity

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, I F Pollack, and A L Albright
Subjects: Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Intracranial Pressure, Cephalometry, medicine.medical_treatment, Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis, Craniosynostosis, Craniosynostoses, Postoperative Complications, Cranial vault, medicine, Deformity, Humans, Child, Craniotomy, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Cloverleaf skull, Infant, General Medicine, Synostosis, medicine.disease, Surgery, Survival Rate, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Decompressive craniectomy, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The cloverleaf skull deformity, or Kleeblattschädel, is a rare malformation caused by synostosis of multiple cranial sutures. This anomaly has been reported to carry a dismal prognosis both in terms of neurological outcome as well as cosmetic appearance if treatment is delayed. Due to the paucity of data concerning the results of early operative intervention, it remains uncertain whether aggressive craniofacial decompressive/reconstructive procedures are effective in ameliorating the effects of the malformation on both neurological development and cosmetic appearance. This paper reports the treatment and outcome of 7 children with the cloverleaf skull malformation treated at our institution between 1981 and 1993. All children underwent an initial decompressive craniectomy with the removal of at least 50% of the cranial vault for relief of high intracranial pressure in early infancy. Our first 4 patients underwent near total calvariectomy whereas the 3 children treated subsequently have undergone a staged approach with anterior followed by posterior craniectomies with bone morcellation and replacement. Subsequent reconstructions, intended to further improve the cosmetic appearance, were performed later in infancy or in early childhood. Follow-up ranges from 17 months to 9 years, with a mean of 61 months. Long-term results are reported with regard to neurological outcome as well as normalization of skull shape in terms of both the cephalic indices and general cosmetic appearance. Of the 4 children initially treated with total calvariectomy, only 1 child is neurologically normal and has a good cosmetic appearance. One child is severely impaired neurologically following a sagittal sinus thrombosis suffered during a secondary reconstructive procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Published: 1995

224. Tetraplegia or paraplegia with brachial diparesis? What is the most appropriate designation for the motor deficit in patients with lower cervical spinal cord injury?

Author: Iara Eberhard Figueiredo, Daniel K. Resnick, and Nicandro Figueiredo
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Tetraparesis, Dermatology, Quadriplegia, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Terminology as Topic, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Humans, Spinal cord injury, Tetraplegia, Spinal Cord Injuries, Paraplegia, business.industry, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, nervous system diseases, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physical therapy, Cervical Vertebrae, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, business, Cervical vertebrae
Abstract: The authors seek to clarify the nomenclature used to describe cervical spinal cord injuries, particularly the use of the terms "tetraplegia", "quadriplegia", "quadriparesis", "tetraparesis", "incomplete quadriplegia" or "incomplete tetraplegia" when applied to patients with lower cervical cord injuries. A review of the origin of the terms and nomenclature used currently to describe the neurological status of patients with SCI in the literature was performed. The terms "tetraplegia", "quadriplegia", "quadriparesis", "tetraparesis", "incomplete quadriplegia" or "incomplete tetraplegia" have been used very often to describe patients with complete lower cervical SCI despite the fact that the clinical scenario is all the same for most of these patients. Most of these patients have total loss of the motor voluntary movements of their lower trunk and inferior limbs, and partial impairment of movement of their superior limbs, preserving many motor functions of the proximal muscles of their arms (superior limbs). A potentially better descriptive term may be "paraplegia with brachial diparesis". In using the most appropriate terminology, the patients with lower cervical SCI currently referred as presenting with "tetraplegia", "quadriplegia", "quadriparesis", "tetraparesis", "incomplete quadriplegia" or "incomplete tetraplegia", might be better described as having "paraplegia with brachial diparesis".
Published: 2012

225. Neuropathic pain: role of inflammation, immune response, and ion channel activity in central injury mechanisms

Author: Daniel K. Resnick, Dominic T. Schomberg, Mostafa M. Ahmed, Julie K. Olson, and Gurwattan S. Miranpuri
Subjects: Nervous system, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cannabinoid receptor, Mini Review, Inflammation, Bioinformatics, Nitric Oxide, Cannabinoid Receptors, CB1/CB2, Immune system, medicine, Spinal cord injury, Microglia, business.industry, General Neuroscience, TRPV-1, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neuropathic pain, MMPs, medicine.symptom, Molecular Neuroscience, NKCC-1, business
Abstract: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a significant and disabling clinical problem with very few therapeutic treatment options available. A major priority is to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for NP. Although many seemingly relevant pathways have been identified, more research is needed before effective clinical interventions can be produced. Initial insults to the nervous system, such as spinal cord injury (SCI), are often compounded by secondary mechanisms such as inflammation, the immune response, and the changing expression of receptors and ion channels. The consequences of these secondary effects myriad and compound those elicited by the primary injury. Chronic NP syndromes following SCI can greatly complicate the clinical treatment of the primary injury and result in high comorbidity. In this review, we will describe physiological outcomes associated with SCI along with some of the mechanisms known to contribute to chronic NP development.
Published: 2012

226. Antivenom

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

227. Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD)

Author: G. Citerio, C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, Nova L. Panebianco, Stuart M. Flechner, Jean Carlet, Andie S. Lee, Stephan Jürgen Harbarth, Jason Ferries, Christian Sandrock, Daniel Scheurich, Hilary M. Babcock, Katherine Mandell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Philip F. Stahel, Michael A. Flierl, Christoph E. Heyde, L. D. Britt, Howard R. Champion, Russ Hewson, Rupert M. Pearse, Martin Damm, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Kevin W. Finkel, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Lewis J. Kaplan, J. Claude Hemphill, Jacob Freeman, Andrew M. Bauer, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas Luecke, Jonathan I. Fischer, Anthony J. Dean, Christiane S. Hartog, Konrad Reinhart, Ryan P. Morrissey, and Lewis S. Nelson
Published: 2012

228. Immunosuppression

Author: G. Citerio, C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, Nova L. Panebianco, Stuart M. Flechner, Jean Carlet, Andie S. Lee, Stephan Jürgen Harbarth, Jason Ferries, Christian Sandrock, Daniel Scheurich, Hilary M. Babcock, Katherine Mandell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Philip F. Stahel, Michael A. Flierl, Christoph E. Heyde, L. D. Britt, Howard R. Champion, Russ Hewson, Rupert M. Pearse, Martin Damm, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Kevin W. Finkel, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Lewis J. Kaplan, J. Claude Hemphill, Jacob Freeman, Andrew M. Bauer, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas Luecke, Jonathan I. Fischer, Anthony J. Dean, Christiane S. Hartog, Konrad Reinhart, Ryan P. Morrissey, and Lewis S. Nelson
Published: 2012

229. Acinetobacter Bacteremia

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

230. AKI, Epidemiology of

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

231. Angiotensin II

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

232. Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) Disease

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

233. Antibiotics: Resistance Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

234. Acute Calculous Cholecystitis

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

235. Acinetobacter Urosepsis

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

236. Anti-arrhythmic Therapy

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

237. Acinetobacter Skin Infection

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

238. Acinetobacter ICU-Acquired Infection

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

239. Intracranial Decompression

Author: G. Citerio, C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, Nova L. Panebianco, Stuart M. Flechner, Jean Carlet, Andie S. Lee, Stephan Jürgen Harbarth, Jason Ferries, Christian Sandrock, Daniel Scheurich, Hilary M. Babcock, Katherine Mandell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Philip F. Stahel, Michael A. Flierl, Christoph E. Heyde, L. D. Britt, Howard R. Champion, Russ Hewson, Rupert M. Pearse, Martin Damm, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Kevin W. Finkel, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Lewis J. Kaplan, J. Claude Hemphill, Jacob Freeman, Andrew M. Bauer, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas Luecke, Jonathan I. Fischer, Anthony J. Dean, Christiane S. Hartog, Konrad Reinhart, Ryan P. Morrissey, and Lewis S. Nelson
Published: 2012

240. Anterior Scalene Syndrome

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

241. Alkaline Phosphatase

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

242. Acute Care Surgery

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

243. Acute Ischemic Stroke

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

244. Initial Trauma Management, Spine Precautions

Author: G. Citerio, C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, Nova L. Panebianco, Stuart M. Flechner, Jean Carlet, Andie S. Lee, Stephan Jürgen Harbarth, Jason Ferries, Christian Sandrock, Daniel Scheurich, Hilary M. Babcock, Katherine Mandell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Philip F. Stahel, Michael A. Flierl, Christoph E. Heyde, L. D. Britt, Howard R. Champion, Russ Hewson, Rupert M. Pearse, Martin Damm, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Kevin W. Finkel, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Lewis J. Kaplan, J. Claude Hemphill, Jacob Freeman, Andrew M. Bauer, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas Luecke, Jonathan I. Fischer, Anthony J. Dean, Christiane S. Hartog, Konrad Reinhart, Ryan P. Morrissey, and Lewis S. Nelson
Published: 2012

245. Acute Quadriplegic Myopathy

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

246. Intensive Care Unit Acquired Paresis (ICUAP)

Author: G. Citerio, C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, Nova L. Panebianco, Stuart M. Flechner, Jean Carlet, Andie S. Lee, Stephan Jürgen Harbarth, Jason Ferries, Christian Sandrock, Daniel Scheurich, Hilary M. Babcock, Katherine Mandell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Philip F. Stahel, Michael A. Flierl, Christoph E. Heyde, L. D. Britt, Howard R. Champion, Russ Hewson, Rupert M. Pearse, Martin Damm, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Kevin W. Finkel, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Lewis J. Kaplan, J. Claude Hemphill, Jacob Freeman, Andrew M. Bauer, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas Luecke, Jonathan I. Fischer, Anthony J. Dean, Christiane S. Hartog, Konrad Reinhart, Ryan P. Morrissey, and Lewis S. Nelson
Published: 2012

247. Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

248. Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Author: G. Citerio, C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, Nova L. Panebianco, Stuart M. Flechner, Jean Carlet, Andie S. Lee, Stephan Jürgen Harbarth, Jason Ferries, Christian Sandrock, Daniel Scheurich, Hilary M. Babcock, Katherine Mandell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Philip F. Stahel, Michael A. Flierl, Christoph E. Heyde, L. D. Britt, Howard R. Champion, Russ Hewson, Rupert M. Pearse, Martin Damm, Marcelo Gama de Abreu, Kevin W. Finkel, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Lewis J. Kaplan, J. Claude Hemphill, Jacob Freeman, Andrew M. Bauer, Daniel K. Resnick, Thomas Luecke, Jonathan I. Fischer, Anthony J. Dean, Christiane S. Hartog, Konrad Reinhart, Ryan P. Morrissey, and Lewis S. Nelson
Published: 2012

249. Arterial Hypoxemia

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

250. Acute Coronary Syndrome: Risk Stratification

Author: Howard R. Champion, Nova L. Panebianco, Jan J. De Waele, Lewis J. Kaplan, Manu L. N. G. Malbrain, Annie L. Slaughter, Walter L. Biffl, Clay Cothren Burlew, Ernest E. Moore, Parita Bhuva, Barnett R. Nathan, Michael E. Silverman, Richard D. Shih, Luciano Gattinoni, E. Carlesso, Pietro Caironi, Argyris Michalopoulos, Matthew E. Falagas, Angela M. Mills, Anthony J. Dean, Christopher R. Wyatt, Chadwick D. Miller, Karina M. Soto-Ruiz, Joseph Varon, W. Frank Peacock, Prasad Devarajan, Arun Jeyabalan, Joan R. Badia, José A. Lorente, Nicolás Nin, Ramsey J. Daher, Mark D. Okusa, Rui P. Moreno, Djillali Annane, Brenna M. Farmer, Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci, Jameel Ali, Richard D. Branson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Lara Wijayasiri, Andrew Rhodes, Maurizio Cecconi, Stuart F. Reynolds, Peter G. Brindley, John A. Kellum, Nattachai Srisawat, Patrick D. Brophy, Michelle Baack, Eric A. J. Hoste, Edward T. Dickinson, Alexander L. Colonna, J. Wayne Meredith, Ali El-Solh, Brian H. Rowe, Howard L. Corwin, Joel M. Bartfield, Thomas M. Scalea, Kareem R. AbdelFattah, Joseph P. Minei, Patrick T. Murray, Caitlin W. Hicks, Peter Q. Eichacker, S. Uddin, Susanna Price, Joseph P. Lynch, Anne-Cornélie J. M. Pont, Tyler W. Barrett, Brett F. Bechtel, David F. Gaieski, Munish Goyal, Mette M. Berger, Lucas Liaudet, Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli, P. W. Serruys, Ian Loftus, Charles S. Brudney, Srini Pyati, Juan B. Ochoa, Mary K. Miranowski, Rebecca M. Dodson, Sandra L. Kavalukas, Adrian Barbul, Jonathan R. Egan, Marino S. Festa, Samir H. Haddad, Yaseen M. Arabi, David W. Collins, Yahya Shehabi, Steven E. Carsons, Wouter Meersseman, Daniel K. Resnick, Basheal M. Agrawal, and Griet Thielen
Published: 2012

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