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The issue of studying the technique of coffee-art (coffee painting) in the educational process of art education institution is considered. The peculiarities of this technique are the following: solution of natural coffee is used as a paint; technique combines elements of graphics, classical painting and decorative arts; the technique of coffee-art has common features with the techniques of watercolor painting (glaze, grisaille). The art technique of coffee-art originated among artists at the end of the XIX century, became popular in the 1990s and spread in art-pedagogical practice, the representatives of this art technique are given. Working with art technique of coffee-art allows students to use of various techniques of drawing (drawing on wet, crumpled and aged paper, monotype, sprinkling with granulated coffee, blowing with a cocktail tube, prints, spraying, klecksography). This allows students to create a variety of new imagery effects and embody a variety of artistic images. The characteristic of the technique of coffee-art is the facility to combine certain techniques, including additional materials (sugar, etc.), which helps to create a variety of textures and implement different author's ideas. Using this artistic technique is available to primary schoolchildren, because mastering the techniques does not take a long period of time and considerable training; however, the technique can be improved in both secondary and high school. The author's classes on coffee painting for primary and secondary school students with using specific for coffeeart drawing techniques are proposed. The author describes methodological support for classes and examples of artistic works of students of different ages. The joint activity of the teacher and the student for creating a joint composition is an interesting form. The author's classes on coffee painting for primary and secondary school students in school of arts with using of specific coffee-art drawing techniques can be used in teaching fine arts in general secondary schools, children's art centers and other educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past several decades, the concept of critical literacy has been applied to an increasing range of multimodal texts mediated by digital technologies. Expressive forms such as fan-fiction, digital storytelling, and gaming have presented unique opportunities forunderstanding critical literacy practices. Within the more specific field of game studies, a growing body of scholarship demonstrates how issues of ideology, politics, and power are woven into and expressed through the medium of games – whether digital or analog. This paper builds on this tradition by offering a critical analysis of a semiotic resource that digital and analog games share – the designed processes that shape experiences of meaning-making through acts of play. Examining data from a study of teens' participation in a library-based board game-making workshop, this paper highlights the ways participants engaged in critical literacy practices when asked to address a social issue through game design. The paper draws on techniques of discourse analysis to demonstrate how participants engaged with ideological dimensions of procedural literacy through design-centered discourse. Findings suggest that viewing game-making through the lens of procedurality can be a generative way to explore critical literacy practices in relation to contemporary social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes how the author successfully adapted techniques drawn from the literature on active learning for use in a graduate-level course on quantum field theory. Students completed readings and online questions ahead of each class and spent class time working through problems that required them to practice the decisions and skills typical of a theoretical physicist. The instructor monitored these activities and regularly provided timely feedback to guide their thinking. Instructor-student interactions and student enthusiasm were similar to that encountered in one-on-one discussions with advanced graduate students. Course coverage was not compromised. The teaching techniques described here are well suited to other advanced courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civic education seeks to change attitudes and communicate the information needed by individuals to make them a valuable and active member of society. The purpose of this study was to explore the students’ attitude towards civic education at secondary school level. Quantitative approach was adopted whereas the research design was descriptive in nature. The population consisted of all the secondary schools’ students that are enrolled in grade 10 of session 2017-2019 in the administrative division of Lahore. The researchers used two-stage sampling technique to draw a sample of 1480 students. A five-point Likert-type questionnaire was developed in Urdu language by the researchers to measure the students’ attitude towards Civic Education. For the analysis of the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied. Results concluded that the students have a positive attitude towards civic education. Moreover, it was determined that there is a significant difference in students’ overall attitude based on gender and locale. It is recommended that curriculum planners make appropriate planning to enhance civic education by reviewing the curricula to meet the affective and knowledge –based goals. Furthermore, schools should create an environment where the students have a chance not only to learn civic education, but also to experience it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of 3C Tecnologia is the property of Area de Innovacion y Desarrollo, SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The technique of drawing to learn has received increasing attention in recent years. In this article, we will present distinct purposes for using drawing that are based on active, constructive, and interactive forms of engagement. In doing so, we hope to show that drawing to learn should be widely used and that there is good evidence to support its use in many situations. To make the most of these distinct purposes, teachers should note that what learners draw matters and that this needs to be assessed in relation to task demands. Drawing to learn will also require learners to be supported to engage meaningfully in ways that are matched to these pedagogical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop a variational framework to understand the properties of the functions learned by neural networksfit to data. We propose and study a family of continuous-domain linear inverse problems with total variation-like regularization in the Radon domain subject to datafitting constraints. We derive a representer theorem showing that finite-width, singlehidden layer neural networks are solutions to these inverse problems. We draw on many techniques from variational spline theory and so we propose the notion of polynomial ridge splines, which correspond to single-hidden layer neural networks with truncated power functions as the activation function. The representer theorem is reminiscent of the classical reproducing kernel Hilbert space representer theorem, but we show that the neural network problem is posed over a non-Hilbertian Banach space. While the learning problems are posed in the continuous-domain, similar to kernel methods, the problems can be recast as finite-dimensional neural network training problems. These neural network training problems have regularizers which are related to the well-known weight decay and path-norm regularizers. Thus, our result gives insight into functional characteristics of trained neural networks and also into the design neural network regularizers. We also show that these regularizers promote neural network solutions with desirable generalization properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce ChainerRL, an open-source deep reinforcement learning (DRL) library built using Python and the Chainer deep learning framework. ChainerRL implements a comprehensive set of DRL algorithms and techniques drawn from state-of-the-art research in the field. To foster reproducible research, and for instructional purposes, ChainerRL provides scripts that closely replicate the original papers' experimental settings and reproduce published benchmark results for several algorithms. Lastly, ChainerRL offers a visualization tool that enables the qualitative inspection of trained agents. The ChainerRL source code can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/chainer/chainerrl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One does not have to be a radical to acknowledge that the display of riches often, if not always, comes at a cost. When capitalists wallow in items of conspicuous consumption, this privilege is brought to them by farm hands in fields and workers in factories. The cost itself, however, is not always on display. Indeed, a case can be made that a display of riches can only work if the cost is somehow masked, glossed, marginalized, kept in the dark, made invisible. This dynamic of display is certainly characteristic of world exhibitions, which, one could argue, make an art form out of selecting what to put forth and what to leave in the dark. Considered as forms of display, world expos are calculated façades, they are outward-facing fronts that intentionally fail to tell us what lurks behind. They are performances, one could say, that produce "strategic ignorance" (Proctor and Schiebinger 2008; McGoey 2019). In this essay, I will turn my attention to Norway's pavilion at the 1992 World Expo in Seville, Spain, to understand what this display can tell us about Norway in the early 1990s, but also, to poke into the costs and, more broadly, the consequences of what was on display. My argument is that Norway's '92 pavilion reveals a nation that, several decades after it first discovered oil in the North Sea, was finally beginning to see itself as a petroleum nation. At the same time, and precisely because it had begun to take on a petroleum identity, Norway faced a conundrum, which was to combine its role as an emerging petroleum producer with its reputation for being an "environmental pioneer" (Anker 2020). The '92 pavilion, an unconventional structure whose overarching theme was the "cycle of water" and which had as its main element a huge pipe detached from its surroundings, implicitly proposed a solution to this problem: Norway could mix oil and water. Drawing freely on techniques of association and dissociation, it could make petroleum extraction and nature preservation appear as two sides of the same coin, or as wholly unrelated, as need be. The pavilion thus offers an early example of what, throughout the 1990s and in the 2000s, emerged as a central topos of Norwegian political discourse, namely that there is no conflict between Norway's ambitions as a petroleum nation and its ditto as an environmental frontrunner. In fact, in the moral logic that emerged from the early 1990s onwards, Norway's petroleum extraction and environmental ambitions were two sides of the same coin. This piece of petroleum propaganda is the legacy not just of Norway's '92 pavilion, but, more broadly, of the self-congratulatory Norwegian national identity that took form in the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computation of correct features is an essential phase for efficient data representation and benchmarked accuracy in text recognition systems. The offline text lacks dynamic information regarding the writing order or nature of trajectories of stroke. Recovery of drawing order technique helps to retrieve trajectory of a stroke. This information aids in computing dynamic feature vector based on chain codes or trajectory points for text recognition. The present work proposes a dynamic feature extraction approach based on recovery of drawing order to understand scene text in Indic script Gurmukhi. An inhouse dataset of strokes was obtained from 820 real time Gurmukhi signboard images. Stroke recognition was performed using Conv1D, SVM and HMM classifiers. Best recognition results were achieved using SVM and Conv1D as 82.88% and 84.67%. The major objective of present study is to propose dynamic features based recognition scheme for Indic scripts signboard images suitable for real-life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multidisciplinary study of the only autograph painting of Gian Lorenzo Bernini. • Integrated approach by using imaging and spectroscopic techniques. • Materials characterization by LIF, XRF, Raman, FT-IR, and UV–VIS–NIR. • Discussion about the fact that the artwork could not be a preparatory drawing. • New advances concerning the Bernini's drawing technique. The artwork " St. Joseph with the Child ", preserved in Palazzo Chigi of Ariccia (Rome), is today the only painting signed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. In this work, for the first time, an integrated spectroscopic imaging and analysis approach was performed to study and characterize Bernini's wall painting. Complementary in situ analyses, imaging in the UV–VIS–NIR–SWIR range, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence and XRF were performed to obtain information on the state of conservation, the execution technique and the composition of the materials of the painting investigated. The results achieved were discussed and delivered to the conservator of Palazzo Chigi, to plan further restoration treatments and conservation programs. In conclusion, preliminary considerations are presented to define if the painting studied represents a definitive painting or a preparatory drawing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal study, employing a mixed-methods explanatory design, explored the power of art to express aspects of one's inner world using the joint drawing technique, which allows for observation and treatment of implicit representations of relationships. At Time 1 (T1, 1977–1978), 200 adolescents created a joint drawing with either a good friend or with a classmate who was not a friend and filled out the Intimate Friendship Scale (IFS) in relation to their best friend. In 2014 (T2), 36 women and 21 men from the original cohort completed the IFS with regard to a good friend and with regard to their spouse. The drawings were analyzed qualitatively to define pictorial phenomena that may be indicative of closeness. The analysis was conducted in accordance with the phenomenological approach to art therapy and with the principles of thematic analysis. Fourteen pictorial phenomena were defined, and a scale was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the extent to which each phenomenon was present in the joint drawing. This yielded a closeness score for each drawing. Quantitatively, no correlations were found between intimacy as measured by IFS at T1 and at T2. In contrast, there was a correlation between the degree of closeness in the joint drawing at T1, and the IFS score with the partner in T2, suggesting continuity over the 36-year time span. This correlation was likewise found when examined separately among participants who drew with a friend. The multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) results showed a marginally significant effect for the interaction between closeness in drawing and drawing with a friend/non-friend – on IFS. An ANOVA showed that the IFS regarding the participant's best friend and their romantic partner at T2 was higher when the closeness in the drawing at T1 was higher. There was also a significant interaction between closeness in the drawings and the participant's IFS score regarding their best friend at T1. The differences between the joint drawing with the close friend and the non-friend are discussed. These findings, from a span of over 36 years, thus contribute to the validity of the IFS and the joint drawing technique when assessing closeness and intimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The work of Gloria Anzaldúa has not typically been read in concert with utopian studies. Much of her writing, however, offers a rich resource for utopian critique. This is a significant omission given that much of Latin@ speculative fiction has been deemed inherently utopic. Latin@futurism is a field of inquiry by which to focus on the utopian as a broader category of visionary, speculative forms. Anzaldúa draws on techniques of defamiliarization to usher a change of consciousness in the reader, exemplified by her theories of conocimiento, el cenote, and nepantla. This article discusses Anzaldúa's theory of el cenote as a powerful heterotopic space of renewal and transformation in Yuri Herrera's novel Signs Preceding the End of the World. Anzaldúa's theories of conocimiento and nepantla flesh out culminating aspects of borderlands dreaming in the novel that connect to a discourse of apocalypse and its relationship to historical renewal and social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First-time evidence of the use of spolvero on the Louvre's Mona Lisa. • Visible-NIR spectrum processed with L.A.M. allows the observation of spolvero , unlike IR 2000 nm. • The effectiveness of the L.A.M. technique is demonstrated with a comparative test. On the request of the Louvre Museum, Mona Lisa 's portrait was digitised with Lumiere Technology's high-resolution multispectral camera. The data from this digitisation revealed for the first time the spolvero (a drawing transfer technique) of the portrait. These discoveries change the history of this iconic symbol of Western painting because they are proof that a preparatory drawing was employed. These discoveries were possible because the multispectral camera produces high-resolution images of 13 filters, including 3 IR filters with a high signal-to-noise ratio and optimal spatial resolution. The images are processed with the layer amplification method (L.A.M.), which amplifies weak signals and thus reveals new details. A test board was made to compare the L.A.M. with traditional IR reflectography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning to design furniture is an important aspect of interior design programs. The real modelling in addition to drawing technique helps students understand the design process. Unfortunately, learning facilities that support furniture modelling are not widely available yet, which hinders students' learning engagement. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a new furniture modelling tool can improve cognition, increase emotional engagement, and encourage student passion for studying furniture design. The research employed an experimental method with two groups that each consisted of forty-nine independent samples. The new modelling tool consisted of a rattan connection system, synthetic rattan material, work base, and other equipment, including a mannequin and an ergonomic sitting guidance base. The analysis using the statistic T-test showed that the cognitive and emotional engagement of students was significantly better. However, the modelling tool was not effective enough in stimulating the behavioral aspect to make students work more actively. Lastly, the study discusses why the behavioral response to the modelling tool is not in line with the other psychological variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As evidence from sign languages is increasingly used to investigate the process of language emergence and evolution, it is important to understand the conditions that allow for sign languages to persist. We build on a mathematical model of sign language persistence (i.e. protection from loss) which takes into account the genetic transmission of deafness, the cultural transmission of sign language and marital patterns (Aoki & Feldman, 1991). We use agent-based modeling techniques and draw inspiration from the wealth of genetic and cultural data on the sign language Kata Kolok to move towards a less abstract model of sign language persistence. In a set of experiments we explore how sign language persistence is affected by language transmission types, the distribution of deaf alleles, population size and marital patterns. We highlight the value of using agent-based modeling for this type of research, which allows for the incorporation of real-world data into model development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though the animation industry has been growth since 2011, there is still imitation by public stereotype which insists that animation is only able to cover the young age group and is not the proper genre of art to convey a social or a philosophical agenda. However, describes the philosophical agenda of ‘social class’ and ‘life and death’ in the limited space by expressing characteristics and background of fish through its own way. Thus, it shows how animation goes beyond aforementioned limits. Straying from traditional happy-ending, it criticizes present social problems by telling despite fishes’ effort they cannot escape from structural contradictions. The drawing technique in musical expresses the character’s ideology and attitude to make people think about how we will behave in the face of life and death. Therefore the purpose of this paper is analyzing director Lee Dae-hee’s animation and present the genre expandability of animation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I propose the use of the Taoist philosophy of "emptiness" as a healing balm for the increasing anxiety experienced by both students and teachers in the American educational system. While in Western culture, "emptiness" carries with it negative connotations of sadness, loss, meaninglessness, and nothingness, from a Taoist perspective, it is theorized as an open, generative space, with limitless potential. For pedagogy and curriculum, Taoist "emptiness" can dynamically supplement the Western perspective and provide pathways for both learning and healing. To connect Taoist theory and pedagogical practice, I narratively reflect on some of the ways in which I emptied and de-cluttered my secondary school and graduate curricula of culturally prescribed assumptions that served to limit learning. Overall, I found that drawing on the Taoist techniques of metaphor, paradox, ambiguity, juxtaposition, and an understanding of nature to question students' and my own cultural beliefs could serve to re-humanize and internationalize Western curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating micro/nanostructures on fibers is beneficial for extending the application range of fiber-based devices. To achieve this using thermal fiber drawing is particularly important for the mass production of longitudinally uniform fibers up to tens of kilometers. However, the current thermal fiber drawing technique can only fabricate one-directional micro/nano-grooves longitudinally due to structure elongation and polymer reflow. Here, we develop a direct imprinting thermal drawing (DITD) technique to achieve arbitrarily designed surface patterns on entire fiber surfaces with high resolution in all directions. Such a thermal imprinting process is simulated and confirmed experimentally. Key process parameters are further examined, showing a process feature size as small as tens of nanometers. Furthermore, nanopatterns are fabricated on fibers as plasmonic metasurfaces, and double-sided patterned fibers are produced to construct self-powered wearable touch sensing fabric, revealing the bright future of the DITD technology in multifunctional fiber-based devices, wearable electronics, and smart textiles. Creating micro/nanostructures on fibers is beneficial to many fiber-based devices, which remains a challenge in large-scale fabrication due to elongation and reflow. Here, the authors demonstrate a method for generating high-resolution, arbitrarily designed surface patterns on fiber during the thermal drawing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychoanalysts try to facilitate their patients' grasp and understanding of themselves. Since the mid-19th century, we have two conceptions of understanding. In one tradition, we need to suspect presented pictures and try to get "behind" facades in order to grasp the "true" self. In this tradition we get a hold of ourselves if we look for the origins: we need to see where we come from. In the other tradition we should not try to "tear off the masks", but start a dialogue with the text or person we try to understand. If we succeed in this, the truth "steps forward". In this conception we need to move on to goals and positions not yet attained. According to the general view Freud belongs to the first tradition. The author asks how we view understanding in modern psychoanalysis. Through a reading of (1) the Boston Change Process Study Group, (2) Peter Fonagy and Mary Target and (3) Veikko and Riitta Tähkä he concludes that we in psychoanalysis have moved from the first to the second tradition. He discusses what inferences we should draw regarding technique and theory, concentrating on the phenomena and concepts of interpretation and the unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the process of scientific drawing – if defined in a respectively broad manner – goes back to the beginnings of human culture, it would be problematic to look at scientific drawing as a linearly progressive development. From this perspective, scientific hand drawing would possibly appear as a cultural technique that is past its best and therefore has increasingly lost its importance or is, at least, in a crisis. Instead, this paper proposes the examination of scientific drawing as a variable tool of visualization which is, against the backdrop of changing drawing cultures, constantly reconstituted in different technological, social and ideological circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the anthropological, socio-cultural and artistic manifestations of drawing and considers it as a basic cultural technique for which art education bears a special responsibility because art teaching is the place where drawing must be taught, practiced, cultivated. Since drawing has many facets and functions, a systematization will be undertaken. It should become clear that teaching drawing cannot be reduced to its illustrative function but rather has an imagination-forming and perception-sharpening potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing techniques play an important role in the creation of fashion and its dissemination. Even though hand drawing is often replaced by work on the screen, it is of central importance in the development and visualization of ideas. In a first step, fashion sketches emerge from vague ideas, which are differentiated in a multi-stage process until they become real models. The fashion illustration provides concrete shape and color specifications and is thus the basis for the geometric pattern construction. Pattern construction, pattern grading, pattern layouts and drawings of the work stages are also based on drawing techniques that used to be drawn on paper and are now drawn on the screen, thus referring to the changes in the world of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article illustrates the potential of drawing as a creative method to document and analyse the shifting insider-outsider status of the researcher during fieldwork. I draw on my experiences conducting field-based research at night around outsourced call centres in Mumbai, India, where I examined how women made decisions regarding night-time urban mobility and household social reproduction. While conducting research, I analysed my fluctuating position as an insider or outsider, and how these shifts impacted research dynamics. Furthermore, I relied on boundary-making to alter my relative distance from research participants, thus shaping my positioning on the insider-outsider spectrum. I used hand drawing as a representational technique to document the site, as well as to analyse my positionality within it. This article places feminist methodological insights in conversation with geographic scholarship on drawing to make the following contributions. I show how drawing as a technique can enrich feminist claims about the complex relations between researcher and research participants, challenging a static and dichotomous framing of the researcher as insider or outsider. I also contend that feminist concerns about power dynamics can shape the use of drawing as a critical methodological tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though drawing, as a form of learning, has been confined to disciplines such as fine arts and graphics design, there is evidence that drawing can be an important heuristic device for teaching college students. However, the use of drawing as a pedagogy in teaching sociology is undeveloped. The article starts by discussing the theoretical framework for understanding drawing as a teaching technique, then it describes the drawing activity used in a sociology class to explore the topic of race and the observations I have made from the activity. The article then discusses an unexpected discovery and how to make sense of this unexpected finding. The paper concludes with a discussion of the pedagogical value of visualization in teaching social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriya Journal of Arts is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ventral visual stream (VVS) is a fundamental pathway involved in visual object identification and recognition. In this work, we present a hypothesis of a sequence of computations performed by the VVS during object recognition. The operations performed by the inferior temporal (IT) cortex are represented as not being akin to a neural-network, but rather in-line with a dynamic inference instantiation of the untangling notion. The presentation draws upon a technique for dynamic maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) sequence estimation based on the Viterbi algorithm. Simulation results are presented to show that the decoding portion of the architecture that is associated with the IT can effectively untangle object identity when presented with synthetic data. More importantly, we take a step forward in visual neuroscience by presenting a framework for an inference-based approach that is biologically inspired via attributes implicated in primate object recognition. The analysis will provide insight in explaining the exceptional proficiency of the VVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the influence of hand drawing techniques in my work for toy piano. It is known that composers often respond expressively to ideas and draw compositional strategies from other domains of life, for example, the mathematical proportions of architecture on some compositions of Guillame DuFay, Peter Maxwell Davies and Eve Duncan. For me, a chance comment from an artist friend, Deanna Petherbridge's book, The Primacy of Drawing: Histories & Theories of Practice (2010) and Elizabeth Cooper's botanical watercolours of the Australian rainforest tree Stenocarpus sinuatus (Firewheel Tree) offered ideas and techniques for several works for toy piano, and piano and toy piano (one player). While my musical response to hand drawing techniques is largely an expressive response, there is an element of trying to adapt the drawing techniques in a way similar to how artists use them, but in sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonapoptotic cell death is important for human health and disease. Here, we show how various tools and techniques drawn from the chemical biology field have played a central role in the discovery and characterization of nonapoptotic cell death pathways. Focusing on the example of ferroptosis, we describe how phenotypic screening, chemoproteomics, chemical genetic analysis, and other methods enabled the elucidation of this pathway. Synthetic small-molecule inducers and inhibitors of ferroptosis identified in early studies have now been leveraged to identify an even broader set of compounds that affect ferroptosis and to validate new chemical methods and probes for various ferroptosis-associated processes. A number of limitations associated with specific chemical biology tools or techniques have also emerged and must be carefully considered. Nevertheless, the study of ferroptosis provides a roadmap for how chemical biology methods may be used to discover and characterize nonapoptotic cell death mechanisms. Nonapoptotic cell death is important for normal and disease biology. In this review, Armenta and Dixon summarize how chemical biology approaches have been used to discover and characterize nonapoptotic cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis, and also consider some of the limitations of these approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Paso del Norte at the US-Mexico border, water—as an agent of geopolitics, commodification, and social reproduction—produces charged physical spaces and asymmetrical material realities in the borderland. While the waters of the Rio Grande and the rapidly diminishing aquifers contribute to the reproductive capacity of land within the desert climate, it is the infrastructures of water supply, sanitation, and flood control that reproduce sociospatial injustices and imbalances. Drawing on discourses and techniques that aim to redirect complex systems toward alternative societal ends, a studio design project attempts to remap the potential agency of water as shared matter and to rethink forms and formats of emergent urban infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design academies in Colombia traditionally teach freehand drawing techniques to develop ideation skills in students. This teaching practice promotes cognitive activity that precedes and becomes part of the materialization process of the designed product. Through the drawing of some quick lines in the sketch, the students explore and discover the main axes of an idea. This exploration requires several stages that start by drawing something abstract and end with the proposal for a new product. Nowadays, students develop projects in collaboration with members of different disciplines, and it is no longer enough for designers to draw the lines of a sketch to communicate a design idea to these interdisciplinary teams. Instead, they need to have the ability to combine up to five different non-graphical forms of language to improve and convey their ideas to other professionals and, as a consequence, develop more complex projects. Being able to understand these different forms of languages that complement the lines of a sketch at the ideation stage is part of doctoral research that was carried out through a case study at Jorge Tadeo Lozano University in Bogotá, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the techniques of architectural representation of disappeared buildings, highlighting the importance of collaboration between architects and historians. Different approaches and techniques used by drawing experts are mentioned, from classic hand-drawn to digitized and virtual. The seminar was recorded and is available on the YouTube channel of the University Institute of Urbanism of the University of Valladolid. [Extracted from the article]

The main goal of this paper is to show how Lyapunov theory and the root locus technique, widely known as powerful tools for control design, can be used to provide a characterization of the convergence properties of the celebrated continuous-time Newton and Householder methods. In particular, a Lyapunov analysis is carried out to characterize the local and global properties of these methods and it is shown how techniques to qualitatively draw the root locus of a polynomial with complex coefficients can be used to determine the boundaries of the basin of attraction of each root of the polynomial to be zeroed, which is an equilibrium of a suitably designed dynamical system. Finally, by leveraging on the properties of the root locus, an algorithm is proposed to approximate all the complex roots of a given polynomial, tackling the key issue of choosing complex initial guesses even when only real roots are sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CoNiV fibers with a diameter of 300 μm and a length exceeding 3 m were prepared by multiple-stage cold drawn. • The heat treatment process was optimized to introducing a proper content of κ phase in the FCC matrix, resulting in the ultra-high yield strength and tensile strength. • The stress partitioning between the FCC and κ phases during tensile deformation has been analyzed, proving that the κ phase is the main contributor to high strength. • The κ phase elevates local stress within the FCC matrix and promotes the formation of deformation twins. High/medium-entropy alloys (H/MEAs) are regarded as a potentially viable alternative to conventional metallic fibers for the production of ductile, high-strength fibers, to resolve the inherent trade-off between strength and ductility. The present study involved the cold drawing technique to produce a CoNiV MEA fiber measuring 300 μm in diameter with a length of more than 3 m. The mechanical properties of the FCC matrix can be improved through the inclusion of an appropriate amount of the κ phase via the optimized thermal treatment process. In addition to a yield strength of 1681 MPa and a well-coordinated elongation of 13.4 %, the ideal CoNiV fiber demonstrated a substantial ultimate tensile strength of 1932 MPa. Further calculations revealed that the κ phase, which possesses a substantial Von Mises stress of approximately 2715 MPa and an area fraction of 18.2 ± 1.1 %, was observed to be a primary contributor to the strength. Deformation twins were generated in the FCC matrix as a result of the ultra-high flow stress, which provided adequate ductility. This study offers significant contributions to the understanding of the deformation mechanisms and strengthening effect of the κ phase, thereby facilitating the development of high-performance metallic fibers. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A low-cost and accessible PVC tape was used as a substrate for pencil-drawn electrode. • The electrode shows low fabrication time and good reproducibility and repeatability. • First report of pencil drawing technique in PVC without surface pretreatment. • PVC electrode has a high hydrophobicity and no need to create hydrophobic barriers. • The PVC electrode was successfully applied to quantify caffeic acid in tea samples. Using pencil drawing, a rapid "do-it-yourself" approach is reported to fabricate electrochemical sensors on commercial ink-coated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrates. Unlike conventional PVC, the ink-coated substrates have a rougher surface, enabling graphite deposition without a mechanical pretreatment step and simplifying the fabrication method. Three-electrode electrochemical sensors were designed with 2B, 6B, and 8B graphite pencils. Regardless of the pencil type, the fabrication process was conducted with the same number of pencil movements while a commercial multimeter monitored the graphite trails' electrical resistance. 8B graphite pencils exhibited superior performance due to their softness. Such a feature facilitated the graphite exfoliation and deposition, producing continuous conductive trails and enhancing the sensors' electrochemical responses. Similarly to conventional glassy carbon electrodes, the proposed sensors showed a diffusion-controlled electrochemical behavior for the hexaammineruthenium, requiring only 80 µL of solution for electrochemical measurements. The sensors also exhibited repeatability and reproducibility. Additionally, the sensors' mechanical stability was demonstrated through bending tests, demonstrating robustness. Under optimized conditions, the analytical performance of the sensors was initially evaluated for analytes with forensic and food interest, such as cocaine-free base (COC) and caffeic acid (CA). As a proof of concept, caffeic acid was successfully quantified in tea samples using square wave voltammetry, achieving a low detection limit of 0.37 μmol L-1. Therefore, this work brings a straightforward alternative to fabricating electrochemical sensors using cheap daily-use materials and showcases the resulting device's utility for antioxidant sensing in tea samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphic family sculpting is a drawing technique which is a modified form of family sculpting. Initially developed by Chris Venter, the technique was intended as a projective, therapeutic technique to enable family members to understand and make sense of their emotional experiences of family matters. The aim of this article is to describe graphic family sculpting as a visual projective data-collection technique by illustrating its use in research conducted with a group of African female adolescents regarding their experience of parent–adolescent relationships in a South African context. African adolescent females (n = 30) between the ages of 13 and 18 were sampled through the implementation of purposeful sampling. The sculptings were analyzed with the use of guidelines provided by Venter and were thematically analyzed. The findings illustrate the value of graphic family sculpting as a visual projective data-collection method and recommendations are made for the use of graphic family sculpting in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing constructs and techniques from object relations, schema therapy, and narrative therapy, this article explored means for constructing successful partnerships in collaboration and mentoring. Selected psychodynamics account for the phases and stages in creative collaboration. The initially hierarchal relationship of mentoring is instigative for reparenting and co-constructing of new perspectives. Self-development and service to the community occur within the context of the bridge between you and me. Case studies of mutuality and collaboration were presented to emphasize key constructs and helpful practices. Recommendations were offered to fuel the creative process of collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatica et Slavica Iadertina is the property of University of Zadar, Department of Croatian & Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the modern productivity estimation techniques, namely, Levinsohn and Petrin (LP, 2003), Ackerberg Caves and Frazer (ACF, 2006), Wooldridge (2009) and Mollisi and Rovigatti (MR, 2017) on unit-level data of 32 Indian industries for the period 2009-2015. Design/methodology/approach: The paper first analyzes different issues encountered in total factor productivity (TFP) measurement. It then categorizes the productivity estimation techniques into three logical generations, namely, traditional, new and advanced. Next, it selects four contemporary estimation techniques, computes the industrial TFP for Indian states by using them and investigates their empirical outcomes. The paper also performs the robustness check to ascertain, which estimation technique is more robust. Findings: The result indicates that the TFP growth of Indian industries have differed greatly over this seven-years of period, but the estimates are sensitive to the techniques used. Further results suggest that ACF and Wooldridge yield the consistent outcomes as compared to LP and MR. The robustness test confirms Wooldridge to be the most robust contemporary technique for productivity estimation followed by ACF and LP. Originality/value: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that compares the contemporary productivity estimation techniques. In this backdrop, this paper offers two novelties. First, it uses advanced production estimation techniques to compute TFP of 32 diverse industries of an emerging economy: India. Second, it addresses the fitment of estimation techniques by drawing a comparison and by conducting a robustness test, hence, contributing to the limited literature on comparing contemporary productivity estimation techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses possible interpretations of the unbuilt Leonardo's project for the tiburio of the Milan cathedral, depicted in two sheets of the Codex Atlanticus, using digital tools, mainly 3D modelling techniques. Starting from existing studies and hypothetical reconstructions of Leonardo's project, exploiting only analogue methods (i.e. 2D drawing techniques), new indepth analyses are presented. In detail the use of 3D modelling allows a systematic analysis of the possible solutions for the ability to easily reconstruct the plan of each solution investigated starting from the section represented by Leonardo in the Codex Atlanticus. Results lead to multiple interpretative solutions of this complex architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Node-link diagrams are widely used to facilitate network explorations. However, when using a graph drawing technique to visualize networks, users often need to tune different algorithm-specific parameters iteratively by comparing the corresponding drawing results in order to achieve a desired visual effect. This trial and error process is often tedious and time-consuming, especially for non-expert users. Inspired by the powerful data modelling and prediction capabilities of deep learning techniques, we explore the possibility of applying deep learning techniques to graph drawing. Specifically, we propose using a graph-LSTM-based approach to directly map network structures to graph drawings. Given a set of layout examples as the training dataset, we train the proposed graph-LSTM-based model to capture their layout characteristics. Then, the trained model is used to generate graph drawings in a similar style for new networks. We evaluated the proposed approach on two special types of layouts (i.e., grid layouts and star layouts) and two general types of layouts (i.e., ForceAtlas2 and PivotMDS) in both qualitative and quantitative ways. The results provide support for the effectiveness of our approach. We also conducted a time cost assessment on the drawings of small graphs with 20 to 50 nodes. We further report the lessons we learned and discuss the limitations and future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)