Search

The residual stresses measured by photo-elastic method in cross section along the thickness direction of optical parts were compared quantitatively between injection molding and co-injection molding. The results show that the residual stress distributions of both injection molded slices and co-injection molded slices are double-parabolic shape, however, the latter has a higher stress level than that of the former. Besides, PC/PC and PMMA/PMMA disks by co-injection molding have no low-stress layer or zero-stress layer on both sides of the interface, on the contrary, there is a high stress peak at the interface. The stress in the PMMA layer of both PC/PMMA and PMMA/PC slices is increased gradually along the side surface toward the interface, which is different from the double-parabolic shape distribution of PMMA and PMMA/PMMA slices. The injection sequence of PC and PMMA layers has remarkable influence on the residual stress at the interface and in the PC layer of co-injection molded composite disks. The residual stress at the interface of PC/PMMA slices is significantly higher than that of PMMA/PC slices, and there still exists low stress layer and zero stress layer near the interface in the PC layer of PC/PMMA slices, while there are no such two stress layers in PMMA/PC slices.

Activation cross sections of alpha-particle-induced reactions on natural rhenium were measured. The stacked-foil activation technique and high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry were used to derive the cross sections. The production cross sections of 190g, 189g, 188g, 187g, 186g, 185, 184 Ir, 185 Os, and 184g, 183g Re were determined up to 50 MeV. The cross sections of 185,184 Ir were measured for the first time. The experimental results were compared with previous experimental data and theoretical calculations in the TENDL-2021 library., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Measured cross sections of the production of tritium in thin 27Al, natNi, and natW targets irradiated with protons with energies ranging from 40 to 2600 MeV are presented. The targets in the form of single and double metal-aluminum "sandwiches" were irradiated at the ITEP-based U-10 accelerator. Tritium was extracted from the irradiated targets using the Sample Oxidizer system, and its activity was measured using a low-background liquid scintillation spectrometer. To calculate the cross sections of tritium production in the 27Al, natNi, and natW targets, its losses in the process of irradiation (geometrical correction due to target dimensions) and storage from the end of irradiation to the start of extraction (diffusion correction) were estimated. The obtained data on the tritium production cross section were used to assess the prognostic capacity of the CEM03.03 nuclear model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation cross sections of proton-induced reactions on 141Pr were measured. Stacked foil activation technique and γ-ray spectrometry were adopted to derive the cross sections. The production cross sections of 141,140,139mNd, and 139Ce were determined up to 30 MeV. The physical yield of 140Nd was deduced using the measured cross sections of the 141Pr(p,2n)140Nd reaction. The physical yields of the proton- and deuteron-induced reactions on 141Pr and 3He-induced reaction on natCe for 140Nd production were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The values of 13 partial and 15 effective cross sections of excitation transfer in Dy–Dy, Tm–Er, Tm–Tm, and Tm–He collisions are estimated. The active media of Dy, Tm, and Er–Tm vapor lasers with buffer gas He were used as collisional ones. The determination of the cross sections is based on the fact of collisional population of the upper laser levels from close-lying resonant levels excited by electron impact in discharge. The quantities required for calculating the cross sections were determined from the laser medium parameters. The partial cross sections of collisional excitation transfer, depending on the excitation cross sections of resonant levels, type of collisions and energy defect between resonant and upper laser levels, are ∼10–16–10–14 cm2, whereas the effective cross sections are ∼10–18–10–15 cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for estimating cross sections of excitation transfer in collisions with atoms of rare-earth metals (REM) is presented. The cases of excitation transfer in collisions of REM atoms in unscreened resonant states 6s6p with REM atoms in the ground state, as well as REM atoms in screened resonant states 5d6s2 with inert gas atoms are considered. The determination of the cross sections is based on the fact of collisional population of the upper laser levels from close-lying resonant levels excited by electron impact in REM vapor lasers. The quantities required for calculating the cross sections are determined from the active laser medium parameters and average lasing power. The advantages and disadvantages of the method suggested in comparison with methods based on optical excitation of metal atoms and registration of nonresonant fluorescence are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a modification of the partial wave approach to deal with the relativistic quantum scattering of bosonic and fermionic particles in a class of models concerning gravitating cosmic string spacetimes. These spacetimes are characterized by the Minkowski line element at the center of the vortex, non-vanishing curvature at a finite distance from the center but with a conical structure far from the core. We find the correction in the partial wave expansion and the phase shift. Consequently, we show the explicit form of the scattering amplitude and the correction to the differential cross-section for a massive scalar field. We also implement our formalism in a toy model mimicking this class of gravitating cosmic string spacetime. Moreover, we discuss the procedure to apply this formalism to a massive Dirac field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present paper is to determine the sex of the individual using three-dimensional geometric and inertial analyses of metatarsal bones. Metatarsals of 60 adult Chinese subjects of both sexes were scanned using Aquilion One 320 Slice CT Scanner. The three-dimensional models of the metatarsals were reconstructed, and thereafter, a novel software using the center of mass set as the origin and the three principal axes of inertia was employed for model alignment. Eight geometric and inertial variables were assessed: the bone length, bone width, bone height, surface-area-to-volume ratio, bone density, and principal moments of inertia around the x , y , and z axes. Furthermore, the discriminant functions were established using stepwise discriminant function analysis. A cross-validation procedure was performed to evaluate the discriminant accuracy of functions. The results indicated that inertial variables exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, especially principal moments of inertia around the z axis. The highest dimorphic values were found in the surface-area-to-volume ratio, principal moments of inertia around the z axis, and bone height. The accuracy rate of the discriminant functions for sex determination ranged from 88.3% to 98.3% (88.3%–98.3% cross-validated). The highest accuracy of function was established based on the third metatarsal bone. This study showed for the first time that the principal moment of inertia of the human bone may be successfully implemented for sex estimation. In conclusion, the sex of the individual can be accurately estimated using a combination of geometric and inertial variables of the metatarsal bones. The accuracy should be further confirmed in a larger sample size and be tested or independently developed for distinct population/age groups before the functions are widely applied in unidentified skeletons in forensic and bioarcheological contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutrient content and the morphological and anatomical features of kernels were compared for 11 breeding lines of tritordeum and three Triticum durum cultivars. The kernel shape descriptors were examined using digital image analysis, and the contents of four basic nutrients were determined. Tritordeum grain had a significantly higher content of protein, fat, ash and fibre than durum wheat grain. In turn, the values of one kernel weight, kernel thickness and hardness were significantly lower in tritordeum. Tritordeum kernels are elongated, relatively small, with a deep crease and a small cross-sectional area. All lines differed considerably with regard to the examined phenotypic attributes. Tritordeum lines and the reference cultivars were most effectively distinguished based on fibre content, spike length, spikelet number per spike, and kernel number and weight per spike. One kernel weight, whole kernel area, crease depth, and the distance from the bottom of the crease to the kernel edge were the least distinguishing traits. The results indicate that tritordeum grain can accumulate more than 19% protein and 43% more fibre than durum wheat in Central Europe. The examined tritordeum lines are highly promising despite the fact that their yield potential is twice lower compared to modern T. durum cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of capital, labor, and working hours on merchant income in Surabaya Puncak Permai Modern Market in 2019. The data used is the Cross Section with a sample size of 78. To analyze the authors use the method of multiple linear regression with the program eviews 6.0. partially the results of the real-level regression (α = 10%) capital significantly influence the income of traders with a positive coefficient of 0.615779 and probability 0.0000, labor has a significant effect on trader income with a positive coefficient of 2436698. and probability 0.0000, working hours does not significantly influence the income of traders with a positive coefficient of 515060.5 and a probability of 0.3232. Simultaneously the results of the study indicate that the variables of capital, labor and working hours have a significant effect on merchant income. With a F-Statistical probability value of 0.0000. This means that capital and labor have a positive influence on merchant income, while working hours have no significant effect on merchant income.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to assess the bending and torsional properties of two nickel-titanium endodontic files with equivalent sizes and various designs and alloys using finite element analysis, ProTaper Next®X2 (PTN) size 25 with 0.06 taper and WaveOne Gold® (WOG) primary size 25 with 0.07 taper. Methodology Two-dimensional models of the two files PTN and WOG were created using computer tomography scanning and stereomicroscope to produce a three-dimensional digital model. Instrument behavior under bending or torsional conditions was numerically analyzed in SolidWorks software package. Result ProTaper Next® revealed higher flexibility than WaveOne Gold® when exposed to cantilever bending but showed higher stress accumulation than WOG. In terms of torsional resistance, PTN also revealed higher torsional resistance than WOG. Conclusion The geometry of the instrument, thermomechanical treatment of the alloy, and its composition affect the mechanical behavior (bending and torsion) of nickel titanium rotary files. Hence, being aware of these behavioral differences, each clinician will be able to use the adequate file according to the clinical situation in addition to the manufacturer’s instructions.

One of the most important criteria in ship design is strength. When a ship is under external loads such as waves, buoyancy or pressure, its internal reaction must resists those external loads. In this regard, external loads are retained by the hull girder, whose cross section is composed of plates and stiffeners, which have a significant influence on ultimate strength, especially in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, this strength must be assessed and evaluated for the ship structure and functional requirements. In this study, local elements of the ship cross section, such as plates and stiffeners, are analyzed, including their progressive collapse behavior. The example used for the calculation is a Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ship. The analysis is performed by assuming that the cross section remains plane and a one-frame space is considered. To calculate the ultimate strength of the Ro-Ro ship under hogging and sagging conditions, Smith’s method is used and applied to an in-house program. The applied moment is given on the Multi Point Constraint (MPC) as the reference point of the neutral axis position. In this MPC position, a simple support is attached. The calculation of ultimate strength is made under hogging and sagging conditions, and the intact condition is focused on for the simple calculation. Welding residual stress, cracks, corrosion and initial deflection are not taken into account. Application of the FE method is also made to investigate the characteristics of the collapse mode for local elements and global structure, including ultimate strength.

The production of a pair of charged Higgs bosons from e+e− annihilation in the presence of a circularly polarized laser field is investigated in Inert Higgs doublet Model (IHDM) at e+e− colliders. We have derived the analytical expression for the laser-assisted differential cross section by using the Dirac-Volkov formalism at leading order including the Z and γ diagrams. Since the laser-free cross section of this process depends, in the lowest order, only on the mass of the charged Higgs boson and the energy of the center of mass, we have analyzed the dependence of the total laser-assisted cross section on these parameters and also on the laser parameters such as the number of photons exchanged, the laser field intensity and its frequency. The results found indicate that the electromagnetic field decreases the order of magnitude of the total cross section as much as the laser field intensity increases or by decreasing its frequency. Moreover, it becomes high for low charged Higgs masses and low center of mass energies.

The aim of the present paper is to determine the sex of the individual using three-dimensional geometric and inertial analyses of metatarsal bones. Metatarsals of 60 adult Chinese subjects of both sexes were scanned using Aquilion One 320 Slice CT Scanner. The three-dimensional models of the metatarsals were reconstructed, and thereafter, a novel software using the center of mass set as the origin and the three principal axes of inertia was employed for model alignment. Eight geometric and inertial variables were assessed: the bone length, bone width, bone height, surface-area-to-volume ratio, bone density, and principal moments of inertia around the x, y, and z axes. Furthermore, the discriminant functions were established using stepwise discriminant function analysis. A cross-validation procedure was performed to evaluate the discriminant accuracy of functions. The results indicated that inertial variables exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, especially principal moments of inertia around the z axis. The highest dimorphic values were found in the surface-area-to-volume ratio, principal moments of inertia around the z axis, and bone height. The accuracy rate of the discriminant functions for sex determination ranged from 88.3% to 98.3% (88.3%–98.3% cross-validated). The highest accuracy of function was established based on the third metatarsal bone. This study showed for the first time that the principal moment of inertia of the human bone may be successfully implemented for sex estimation. In conclusion, the sex of the individual can be accurately estimated using a combination of geometric and inertial variables of the metatarsal bones. The accuracy should be further confirmed in a larger sample size and be tested or independently developed for distinct population/age groups before the functions are widely applied in unidentified skeletons in forensic and bioarcheological contexts.

Topology optimization has been intensively studied and extensively applied in engineering design. However, the optimized results often take the form of a solid frame structure; hence, it is difficult to apply the topological results in the design of a thin-walled frame structure. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel bridging method to transform the topological results into a lightweight thin-walled frame structure while satisfying the stiffness and manufacturing requirements. First, the optimized topological results are obtained using the classical topology optimization method, which is smoothed to reduce structural complexity. Then, the initial thin-walled frame structure is created by referring to the smoothed topological results, in which the thin-walled cross section is designed according to the mechanical properties and manufacturing requirements. Furthermore, the size and shape of the thin-walled frame structure is optimized to minimize mass with the stiffness and manufacturing constraints. Finally, numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method can reasonably design an optimized thin-walled frame structure from the topological results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using artificial neural networks for an estimation of the nuclear reaction cross section data is discussed. Approximately rate of the fitting criteria is determined by the calculated experimental data obtained from using Variable Learning Rate Backpropagation (traingdx) algorithm in artificial neural networks. This method has been applied to obtain the cross section for 14–15 MeV neutron-induced (n,α) and (n,p) reactions in the fusion reactor structural materials. In comparison to the reaction cross section calculation by experimental cross sections reported in EXFOR, TALYS 1.9 and EMPIRE 3.2, the proposed method has better prediction ability when the target output has a large variation between the experimental and the calculated data. This study is substantial for the new method validation development of the nuclear model approaches with the increased prediction power of the neutron-induced reactions for fusion reactor systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pions make up a large part of the hadronic environment typical of accelerator mixed fields. Characterizing device cross sections against pions is usually disregarded in favor of tests with protons, whose single-event latch-up (SEL) cross section is, nonetheless, experimentally found to be lower than that of pions for all energies below 250 MeV. While Monte Carlo simulations are capable of reproducing such behavior, the reason for the observed pion cross-section enhancement can only be explained by a deeper analysis of the underlying mechanisms dominating proton–silicon and pion–silicon reactions. The mechanisms dominating the SEL response are found to vary with the energy under consideration. While a higher pion nuclear reaction rate, that is, probability of interaction, can explain the observed latch-up cross-section enhancement at energies >100 MeV, it is the volume-equivalent linear energy transfer (LETEQ) of the secondary ions that keeps the pion latch-up response high at lower energies. The higher LETEQ of secondary ions from pion–silicon interactions is caused by the pion absorption mechanism, which is highly exothermic. In spite of the observed higher cross section for pions, the high-energy hadron approximation is found to still provide reliable estimations of the latch-up response of a device in mixed fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process parameters for diffusion bonding are temperature, dwell time, and contact pressure. Temperature and contact pressure have opposite effects on deformation. The effect of temperature on deformation was investigated in steps of 20 K from 1015 to 1135 °C. Contact pressure and dwell time were 16 MPa and 4 h, respectively. The deformation increase steadily with temperature. Yield strength and tensile strength decrease slightly with temperature, which is attributed to grain growth. The elongation‐at‐fracture values are 100–105%. For 925 to 995 °C, values for elongation at fracture decrease. It was investigated if comparable mechanical properties can be obtained at a temperature of 850 °C only. Experiments with higher constant contact pressures were supplemented by tests with superimposed short load peaks. Similar and higher values for the yield strength were achieved. A correlation of yield strength, tensile strengths and elongation‐at‐fracture values with contact pressure and contact pressure regime was found. The values for elongation at fracture are significantly lower than those for higher temperatures. This even applies to parameter sets at different temperatures, leading to almost identical deformations. Reduced elongation‐at‐fracture values at 850 °C are attributed to microscopically small defects in the bonding plane and to notch effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation cross sections of the alpha-particle-induced reactions on natural gadolinium up to 50 MeV were measured. The stacked foil technique, the activation method and the γ-ray spectrometry were used for the measurement. We determined the experimental production cross sections of 155,157,159Dy, 153,155,156g,160,161Tb and 153Gd. No previous experimental data of 155,159Dy, and 153Gd were found in the literature. The measured values were compared with the previous experimental data and the TENDL-2019 data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Activation cross sections of deuteron-induced reactions on praseodymium up to 24 MeV were measured. • The stacked-foil activation technique and the high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry were used. • Production cross sections of 141,140Nd, 142Pr, and 139Ce were determined. • The results were compared with the previous experimental data and the TENDL-2019 data. We measured activation cross sections of deuteron-induced reactions on 141Pr. The production cross sections of 141,140Nd, 142Pr, and 139Ce were determined up to 24 MeV using the stacked-foil activation technique and high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. The derived cross sections were compared with experimental data studied earlier and theoretical model calculations. Our results are consistent with part of the previous data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of 111mCd formation and de-excitation was studied. The decay half-life of the metastable state at 0.396 MeV along with cross-sectional value for 111Cd(n,n′)111mCd reaction, employing the 241Am–Be as a fast neutron source, was measured. For fast neutron flux determination, the 115In(n,n′)115mIn reaction was used as a flux comparator over the entire energy range of the 241Am–Be neutrons. Special attention was paid to the determination of the mean neutron flux at the irradiation positions as well as to the measurement of induced activity. To weak activity's detection, 70% efficiency HPGe detector with graded Z shielding was applied. For half-life determination, 14 sequential count measurements were taken for the 245.4 keV and 150.8 keV γ-lines, obtained as result of the metastable state de-excitation, yielding T1/2 = 48.56 ± 0.05 min. The 111Cd(n,n′)111mCd reaction cross section was calculated and found to be 253 ± 18 mb. The contribution effects of the competing reactions 110Cd(n,γ)111mCd and 112Cd(n,2n)111mCd were estimated using the 245.4 keV line (Iγ = 94%) to be 0.045% and 2.49%, respectively. The obtained results were compared against both measured and evaluated data available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solid thick tritiated W sample was produced in order to probe the efficiency of detecting tritium via 3He ion beam using nuclear reactions analysis (NRA). Extensive literature search showed that there were only a few measurements done more than sixty years ago using the reaction with 3He. Their aim was mainly to measure the absolute cross section of the reaction. In order to use this reaction as an analysing tool for low level radioactive waste we need the differential cross section at certain angles. Using a thick tritiated W sample we measured the NRA signal in the 3He energy range from 0.7 MeV to 5.1 MeV and we have detected reaction products with energies between 6.5 MeV and 9.75 MeV that were not present on a deuterated W sample prepared in the same manner. This NRA signal proved to be due to deuterium and protons coming from the nuclear reaction between tritium and 3He. The detection signal increased with 3He energy up to 3.4 MeV and decreased with energy at the highest beam energies. At higher energies particles from W and target impurities start to disturb the measurement. Their origin might be due to other nuclear reactions, for example between 3He and W or 3He with 13C or 14N.

The pair of copper radionuclides 64Cu/67Cu (T1/2 = 12. 7 h/61.8 h) allows, respectively, PET imaging and targeted beta therapy. An analysis of the different production routes of 67Cu with charged particles was performed and the reaction 70Zn(d,x) route was identified as a promising one. It may allow the production of 67Cu without 64Cu. The production cross section has been measured up to 28.7 MeV. Measurements were done using the well-known stacked-foils technique using 97.5% enriched 70Zn homemade electroplated targets. These measurements complement at higher incident energies the only set of data available in nuclear databases. The results show that using a 26 MeV deuteron beam and a highly enriched 70Zn target, it is possible to produce high purity 67Cu comparable to that obtained using photoproduction. This production route can be of interest for future linear accelerators under development where mA deuteron beams can be available if adequate targetry is developed.

In the fabric industry, textile yarns are the fundamental building blocks. Hence, visualizing and studying yarn structure is essential to understand the structure and behavior of the fibers. Obtaining the yarn’s cross-section images is crucial in the calculations of yarn’s porosity; furthermore, a more precise expansion for the fiber’s migration can be concluded from the cross-sectional images. In this paper, three different methods (microtome, micro-computed tomography, and epoxy grinding–polishing methods) to image and visualize the yarn’s cross-section are presented. The experimental techniques are compared in terms of result useability, time of preparation, and overall outcome of the cross-sectional image. The images can be used for fiber distribution, air gap calculation, and twist analysis as well. The fiber diameter distribution of polyester yarn was measured based on the images obtained by the three different methods; the average fiber diameter measured based on the combined data from the three different methods was found to be 10.90 ± 0.30 µm.

The relativistic convergent close-coupling method is applied to calculate cross sections for electron scattering from atomic tin. We present integrated and momentum-transfer cross sections for elastic scattering from the ground and the first four excited states of tin for projectile energies ranging from 0.1 to 500 eV. Integrated and selected differential cross sections are presented for excitation to the 5p2, 5p6s, 5p5d and 5p6p manifolds from the ground state. The total ionisation cross sections are calculated from the ground and the first four excited states, accounting for the direct ionisation of the 5p valence shell and the closed 5s shell and the indirect contributions from the excitation–autoionisation. The presented results are compared with previous theoretical predictions and an experiment where available. For the total ionisation cross sections, we find good agreement with the experiment and other theories, while for excitation cross sections, the agreement is mixed.

Objective: The purpose was to first identify if there was a difference between the root canal morphology of maxillary first molars of Malaysians and Caucasians by using horizontal sectioning. Secondly, it was to see if there was a difference between the root canal morphology of maxillary first molars of Malaysians and other Eastern Asian populations found in the literature. Methods: Extracted maxillary first molars were collected from a Caucasian population (n = 133) and a Malaysian population (n = 139). The mesiobuccal root was horizontally sectioned. Data was taken from the apex, 1 mm coronal to the apex, the apical one third of the root, the apical middle two-thirds of the root, and the apical five-sixths of the root. Canal configuration was classified according to Vertucci's classification. Results: The greatest difference between the two populations was that of Type 1 (Caucasians: 42.86%, Malaysians: 34.56%) and Type 3 (Caucasians: 3.76%, Malaysians: 7.35%). No statistical difference was found when comparing each Vertucci type between Caucasians and Malaysians (P = 0.799). The total percentage of two mesiobuccal canals was 57.14% for Caucasians and 65.44% for Malaysians. No statistical difference was found (P = 0.171). No statistical difference was found between the total percentage of two mesiobuccal canals between Malaysians and findings in previous literature (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the incidence of the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars of Caucasian, Malaysian and other Eastern Asian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Gxsview (Geometry and CROSS Section VIEWer), which is a stand-alone multi-platform integrated visualization tool for 3D geometry, 2D geometry, cross section, and input file, was developed. Its geometry engine covers almost all geometric features used in the major Monte Carlo radiation transport code, PHITS and MCNP, supporting nested universe, fill, lattice, like-but, and complement functions. The viewer is equipped with modern graphical user interface and an ability to pan, zoom, and rotate the geometry model in real time by using a mouse. The proposed tool is capable of exporting in 2D (png, jpg and xpm) or 3D (stl, vtk, vtp, and ply) formats, thereby realizing the collaboration with other software or 3D printers.

For the first time, cross sections of the 151Eu(α, x n)155−x Tb (x = 2–6) reactions were measured by stack foil technique in the alpha particle range 60 → 19 MeV. Experimental excitation functions were compared with theoretical data from TENDL 2019 library and calculated by EMPIRE-3.2.3 code. Thick target yields for terbium radioisotopes were calculated. The possibility of the practical application of the studied reactions for the production of 152Tb and 149Tb was assessed. It was shown that higher energy of alpha particles is required to produce 149Tb. The production of 152Tb is affected by the influence of side reactions. It is possible to decrease the total content of impurities (153Tb+151Tb) at EOB to 18% of the activity of the 152Tb under 8-hour irradiation by limiting the energy range of incident particles to 42 → 34 MeV. The 152Tb yield will be 222 MBq/μA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new additive in the form of a perforated steel strip, which is easily deformed plastically on welding, is proposed for the restoration of worn parts by electric contact welding, which ensures a high strength of the welded joint formed in a solid phase. The optimum parameters of the filler strip are found and the rational technological conditions of its welding are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of metal spinning, the limitation of producing axisymmetric shapes has been broken through by many researchers using the synchronous spinning method in which the motion of the roller is synchronized with the rotation of the mandrel. The thickness distribution on the product formed in synchronous spinning is usually non-uniform due to the irregular motion of the roller. A method of pass design for thickness control in synchronous multi-pass spinning is proposed in this study. The effects of different parameters on the circumferential distribution of the wall thickness on cylindrical cups in synchronous multi-pass spinning are investigated. The rotational direction of the mandrel is reversed under several schemes. The cross sections of the product during forming are adjusted to control the thickness distribution by changing the concavity of the pass λ and the roller-mandrel clearance δ at different circumferential positions. The thicknesses and strains were measured during the experiment to understand the material flow. Experiments are also conducted in conventional spinning for comparison. The results showed that the torsion in synchronous spinning with oblique shapes can be reduced by reversing the rotational direction of the mandrel; the circumferential distribution of the thickness can be controlled by changing the geometry of the roller pass circumferentially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pin-penetration device is a minimally destructive instrument that is widely used to estimate the physical properties of wood, e.g., density, with advantages such as reduced testing times, low costs, and fewer defects induced in the wood being tested. In this study, such a device was used on 25 Indonesian hardwood species with a strength class (SC) distribution from SC II to IV (according to the Indonesian classification of wood SCs). Tests were conducted on three different orthogonal planes, i.e., crosssectional, radial, and tangential planes. The wood density ranged from 0.28 to 0.88 g/cm3, and the specific gravity was 0.25 to 0.76. The crosssectional plane penetration depth of the wood was significantly greater than that of either the radial or tangential plane, whereas the pin penetration values of the radial and tangential planes were not significantly different. A prediction model for predicting the density and specific gravity of wood via pin penetration showed a significant regression. Thus, the use of a pin-penetration device was found to be suitable for estimating wood density and specific gravity in a range of SCs of tropical wood species regardless of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial neutron and alpha particle irradiation data for a 7-nm bulk FinFET technology reveal the persisting reliability threat single-event latchup (SEL) poses to advanced technology nodes. SEL is characterized over a wide range of supply voltages and temperatures for this technology node. SEL data is analyzed to determine the holding voltage ($V_{\mathrm {HOLD}}$) required to sustain SEL, which can be as low as 0.85 V at elevated temperatures. Such low SEL holding voltage within 100 mV of nominal supply voltage poses a major reliability threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]