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In early drug development, drug-drug interaction risk is routinely assessed using human liver microsomes (HLMs). Nonspecific binding of drugs to HLMs can affect the determination of accurate enzyme parameters (Km, Ki, KI). Previously, we described a novel in vitro model consisting of HLMs bound to magnetizable beads [HLM-magnetizable-beads system (HLM-beads)]. The HLM-beads enable rapid separation of HLMs from incubation media by applying a magnetic field. Here, HLM-beads were further characterized and evaluated as a tool to assess HLM nonspecific binding of small molecules. The free fractions (fu,mic) of 13 compounds (chosen based on their pKa values) were determined using HLM-beads under three HLM concentrations (0.025, 0.50, and 1.0 mg/ml) and compared with those determined by equilibrium dialysis. Most fu,mic values obtained using HLM-beads were within 0.5- to 2-fold of the values determined using equilibrium dialysis. The highest fold difference were observed for high binders itraconazole and BIRT2584 (1.9- to 2.9-fold), as the pronounced adsorption of these compounds to the equilibrium dialysis apparatus interfered with their fu,mic determination. Correlation and linear regression analysis of the fu,mic values generated using HLM-beads and equilibrium dialysis was conducted. Overall, a good correlation of fu,mic values obtained by the two methods were observed, as the r and R2 values from correlational analysis and linear regression analysis were >0.9 and >0.89, respectively. These studies demonstrate that HLM-beads can produce comparable fu,mic values as determined by equilibrium dialysis while reducing the time required for this type of study from hours to only 10 minutes and compound apparatus adsorption. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work introduces a new method of rapidly assessing nonspecific microsomal binding using human liver microsomes bound to magnetizable beads.

Background Facebook can be a suitable platform for public health interventions. Facebook users can express their reaction to the given social media content in many ways using interaction buttons. The analysis of these interactions can be advantageous in increasing reach and engagement of public health interventions. Objective This research aimed at understanding how Facebook users’ interactions correlate with organic reach and engagement regarding the same smoking cessation support contents. Methods The study population consisted of Facebook users who were reached by a public smoking cessation support page without advertising. We included 1025 nonpaid Facebook posts (N=1025) which used smoking cessation strategies based on a motivational interviewing counseling style. The following data were collected from the “Post Details”: the number of people who saw the given nonpaid content (organic reach) which consisted of fan and nonfan reach according to previous “page like” activity; each rate of “engagement indicators” (such as the symbols of “like,” “love,” “haha,” “wow,” “sad,” “angry”; or other interactions: “shares,” “comments,” “clicks”); and the rate of negative Facebook interactions (eg, “post hides” or “unlike of page”). Overall, these data were analyzed with the Spearman correlation method. Results Surprisingly, we found a significant negative correlation between organic reach and the “like” reaction (rs=–0.418; P Conclusions This study has shown that it is possible to hypothesize a disadvantage of the “like” reaction and advantages of other interactions (eg, the “haha” reaction or “comments”) in content algorithmic ranking on Facebook. In addition, the correlational analysis revealed a need of a further categorization to fan-specific interactions (eg, “haha” or “love” reactions) and nonfan-specific interactions (eg, “shares” and “clicks”). Regarding the direction of the correlations, these findings suggest that some interactions (eg, negative Facebook interactions, “wow,” “sad,” and “angry” reactions) may decrease the engagement, while other interactions (“like,” “love,” “haha” reactions, “shares,” and “clicks”) may increase the engagement during Facebook-based smoking cessation interventions. This hypothesis-generating research offers an important insight into the relationship between organic reach, engagement, and Facebook users’ interactions for public health professionals who design Facebook-based interventions.

espanolEl presente articulo tiene como proposito central, determinar cual es el impacto de las politicas de inclusion financiera en la ciudad de Monteria. De alli, la importancia de hacer una exposicion de los factores que vienen incidiendo en el cumplimiento de estas politicas en el municipio de Monteria. La metodologia de esta investigacion empirica, hace enfasis, en un trabajo de campo que privilegio las fuentes de tipo primaria, con apoyo estadistico, mediante un analisis de tipo correlacional (regresion lineal simple). Los resultados proporcionan evidencia empirica, de que los sectores poblacionales de menores ingresos en Monteria tienen menores posibilidades de acceso al campo financiero, debido a que no poseen garantias suficientes para cumplir con el pago de dichos creditos ;en ese sentido, se requiere mayor inclusion financiera hacia los hogares de los sectores populares en dicho municipio. A partir de estos hallazgos, se concluye, que una mayor inclusion financiera para el municipio de Monteria sera favorable para el desarrollo de mas acciones emprendedoras que activen la economia local y con los que se logre obtener mayores niveles de bienestar en la poblacion monteriana EnglishThe main purpose of this article is to determine what is the impact of financial inclusion policies in the city of Monteria(Colombia). Hence; the importance of exposing the factors that have been influencing compliance with these policies in the municipality of Monteria. The methodology of this empirical research emphasizes a field work that favored the application of primary sources, with statistical support, through a correlational analysis (simple linear regression), in order to identify which are the variables of greater incidence for the financial inclusion of the population of popular strata in Monteria. The results provide empirical evidence that the lower-income population sectors in Monteria have less possibilities of financial access, because they do not have sufficient guarantees to meet the payment of said credits; in this sense, greater financial inclusion is required towards the homes of the popular sectors in said municipality. Based on these findings, it is concluded that a greater financial inclusion for the municipality of Monteria will favor the development of more entrepreneurial actions that activate the local economy and achieve higher levels of well-being in the Monteriana population .

Aim: To determine the correlation between the growth and yield parameters of cabbage grown with organic manure and inorganic fertilizer. Study Design: The experimental design consist of randomized complete block design with five treatments which were replicated four times. Location and Duration: The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Federal College of Forestry, Jos, during the 2018/2019 raining season. Methods: Land clearing was done and the land was properly demarcated based on the different treatments and replicates. Cabbage seeds were first planted in a nursery bed and later transplanted onto the experimental plots. Data was taken on the plant height, leaf count, cabbage head diameter and head weight. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 23 and Duncan Multiple Range Test, used to separate the means were significance occurred. Results: The result of the correlation coefficient of growth and yield showed that a strong correlation exist between plant height and cabbage head weight (r = 0.681 and 0.648) at P ≤ 0.01. Plant height was also positively correlated with head weight (r = 0.365, P ≤ 0.05) and head weight was as well and positively correlated with head diameter at (r = 0.501, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that application of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer has positive correlations between the growth and the yield parameters of cabbage.

Little is known about the evolution of career pathways among young athletes. This study aims primarily to explore how consistent career pathways develop among age group swimmers. Each of three sub-cohorts of German 11-year-olds ranked top 100 from 2004 to 2006 were followed, as measured by their best Federation Internationale de Natation (FINA) point score, for 8 years up to the age of 18 years of age. Careers were reckoned as consistent when athletes still appeared in the top 100 at 18. The degree of consistency of performance was measured by the number of years which those who started in the top 100, remained in the top 100. Correlational analysis examined the relationships between success at 11 and the consistency profile over 8 years. These results showed weak consistency of performance among age group swimmers. Only 33% of those ranked among the top 100 at 11 years were also ranked in the top 100 at 18, and only 23% were consistently ranked. The best performance in a certain event, stroke or distance category showed no significant correlation or a low level of correlation with consistency. The results confirm that we still know too little about the consequences of talent identification, talent development and long-term athlete development programmes.

To determine the possibility for individualized quantitative prediction of therapeutic responses in depressive patients from the baseline EEG parameters, we conducted a correlational analysis of relationships between the baseline EEG spectral power values (80 variations in total) recorded in 42 depressive patients before the start of the therapeutic course and clinical quantitative assessments of the post-treatment mental conditions of these patients. Based on these data, regression models were built for individualized quantitative prediction of therapeutic response, including no more than three pre-treatment EEG parameters and describing up to 75% of the variance in clinical post-treatment assessment values. On the one hand, our results confirm the possibility of designing fairly accurate mathematical models for the individualized quantitative prediction of therapeutic responses in depressive patients by a small number of baseline neurophysiological parameters. On the other hand, the employed mathematical approaches make it possible to clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying depressive disorders.

Numerous investigations on the impact of individual difference factors on second language learning are being carried out in order to improve the effectiveness and productivity of language learning-teaching process. Therefore, with the recent categorization of ESL learners at Indian colleges and universities into early, middle and late immersion students, this study examines the effect of individual difference factors (self-efficacy, anxiety, willingness to communicate, culture, human (peers’, teachers’ and parents’ motivational influence) and their interrelatedness with the learners’ motivational intensity as well as English proficiency on each group of immersion learners. A structured, self-report questionnaire was administered to over three hundred and fifty eight students in different colleges. Participants were classified into different immersion groups based on the number of years they had studied either in English or Vernacular medium high school. Apart from low motivational intensity recorded among early immersion students, the inferential statistics shows a moderate positive correlation between motivational intensity and other motivational variable factors such as self-confidence and human (teachers’, parents’ and peers’ motivational influence). Correlational analysis also suggests the positive impact of self-confidence and intrinsic motivation on learners’ English proficiency enhancement. Several potential interpretations for findings and implications for L2 language pedagogy and research are discussed. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.10.11

The present research aimed at exploring the relationship between academic motivation, learning climate (Autonomy supported) and academic boredom among university students. In addition to this it aimed at confirming the mediating role of learning climate in relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic boredom among students studying in Universities of Pakistan. For the present study data was collected from 399 university students. The age of the sample ranged from 17 to 35 years (M = 21.45, SD = 2.40). Reliability coefficients of all the variables ranged from .65-.89 (Class Related Boredom Scale = .89, Learning Climate Questionnaire =.88, Academic Motivation Scale = .82, Intrinsic Motivation = .81, Extrinsic Motivation = .81, and A Motivation =.65). Further correlational analysis indicated a negative relationship of classroom related boredom with learning climate and intrinsic motivation. However, class related boredom was found to have positive relationship with extrinsic and a motivation. Learning climate (autonomy supportive) showed positive relation with intrinsic motivation. Based upon literature, mediation analysis was carried out which confirmed the mediating role of learning climate (autonomy supportive) in relation between intrinsic motivation and academic boredom. In the light of existing literature, findings were discussed, and suggestions were given for future researches.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients. Subjects and methods This cross-sectional study included 128 RA and 109 healthy controls. Two dentists conducted periodontal status including Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), pocket probing depths (PPDs), Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Bleeding on probing (BOP) independently. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical parameters and use of medication were assessed. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, χ2 test, Wilcoxin-Mann- Whitney's test, Correlational Analysis, univariate or multivariate logistic regression. Results The periodontal status was significantly worse in RA, especially the condition of dental and gingival status. RA had 4.68-fold. After adjusted potential risk factors, RA had 10.26-fold. The independent variable related to GI was DAS28 (p = .05) negatively, to the contrary, ESR (p = .013) was positively associated; the independent variable positively and related to periodontitis was educational level (p = .021) and anti-CCP positivity (p = .002). Through multivariate logistic regression, age and swollen joint were the independent variable related to periodontitis of RA (OR 1.087, p = .044) and (OR 1.560, p = .008) respectively. Conclusions Chinese RA patients show higher odds of PD. It is important to take early interventions in combination with medical therapy.

Grit has been shown to predict success in several achievement-related domains but had not been studied in the career context. This mixed methods study examined whether grit predicted career success and explored the role and relevance of grit in career success for gritty, successful working adults. Four hundred twenty-three adults participated in the quantitative phase and provided survey responses to the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), the Career Satisfaction Scale (CSS), a career status measure, and salary information. Quantitative data were analyzed using correlational analysis, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression. In this study, the correlational analysis showed that grit did not predict career success. Multiple regressions demonstrated that grit did not significantly add to any of the models using age and gender as covariates. Five individuals from the quantitative phase agreed to participate in the qualitative phase and were invited based on their top quartile scores on the Grit-S and CSS. Individual interviews served as the qualitative data collection method, and text data were analyzed using principles of positive psychology as a theoretical framework. Findings suggest that although gritty, successful participants perceived grit as necessary for their career success, they did not think it was sufficient. Participants named luck, opportunity, and networking as more important than grit in their success.

Introduccion. El estudio analizo los niveles de actividad fisica cardiosaludable (AFCS) de los escolares de primaria en la jornada escolar y la jerarquia de factores predictores de dicha conducta activa. Metodologia. Estudio transversal, prospectivo, correlacional e inferencial. Se recabaron datos de diferente naturaleza (fenotipo sexual, tipologia ponderal, resistencia cardiaca, capacidad aerobica, expresividad emocional y social, ansiedad-rasgo, tipologia sociometrica, nivel de sedentarismo, tipo de centro y jornada) en un total de 58 sujetos (32 ninos y 26 ninas) (12 anos) de 24 centros. Tras registrar la FC durante 5 jornadas escolares, se analizo el tiempo invertido en AFCS en FC ≥50% FC de reserva. Posteriormente, se aplico analisis correlacional y tecnica arbol de decisiones determinando la relacion jerarquica de rasgos predictores de AFCS (α= 0,05). Resultados y conclusiones. Los varones alcanzarian en el recreo mas AFCS que las ninas (p min/sem =0,03; p % tiempo/sem =0,02). Los chicos populares acumularian mas AFCS que el resto (R 2 =38,85). Los escolares con una resistencia aerobica inferior a la media acumularian mas AFCS en Ed. Fisica que el resto (R 2 =8,39). Quienes muestran indices intermedios de expresividad emocional alcanzarian mas AFCS que el resto en Ed. Artistica y otras actividades escolares minoritarias, donde los introvertidos “activos y muy activos” alcanzarian mas AFCS que los introvertidos “poco activos y sedentarios” (R 2 =30,09). El supuesto ecologico es insuficiente para explicar el nivel de AFCS de los escolares durante la jornada escolar. Abstract. Introduction. The study analyzed the levels of cardio-healthy physical activity (CHPA) of elementary school children in the school day and the hierarchy of predictive factors. Methodology. A cross-sectional, prospective, correlational, and inferential study. Fifty-eight children (32 boys and 26 girls) (11.88 ± 0.32 years) enrolled in 24 schools provided data of sexual phenotype, weight type, cardiac endurance, aerobic capacity, social and emotional expressiveness, anxiety, sociometric type, sedentary level, type of center, and school day. After registering the subjects’ heart rate with Polar® monitors for 5 consecutive school days, the CHPA was analyzed (time spent in an effort of ≥50% HR reserve). Subsequently, correlational analysis and decision tree technique were carried out to determine the hierarchical relationship of CHPA predictive factors (α = 0.05). Results and conclusions. Boys would reach more CHPA than girls at recess (p min/sem = 0.03; p % time/sem = 0.02). Among the former, the popular ones would accumulate more CHPA than the rest (R 2 = 38.85). Schoolchildren with lower aerobic endurance would accumulate more CHPA in Physical Education than the rest (R 2 = 8.39). Those who show intermediate rates of emotional expressiveness would achieve more CHPA than the rest in Artistic and other minority school activities, where active and very active introverts would achieve more CHPA than little active and sedentary introverts (R 2 = 30.09). The ecological model is insufficient to explain the level of CHPA of school children during the school day.

This study investigated the possibility of using virtual reality perceptual-motor tasks as a screening tool for laparoscopic ability. We hypothesized that perceptual-motor skills assessed using virtual reality will correlate with the quality of simulated laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.Surgical residents (N = 37), performed 2 virtual reality perceptual-motor tasks: (1) force matching and (2) target tracking. Participants also performed a laparoscopic ventral hernia repair on a simulator and final product quality score, and endoscopic visualization errors were calculated. Correlational analysis was performed to assess the relationship between performance on virtual reality tasks and laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.Residents with poor performance on force matching in virtual reality-"peak deflection" (r = -0.34, P.05) and "summation distance" (r = -0.36, P.05)-had lower final product quality scores. Likewise, poor performance in virtual reality-based target tracking-"path length" (r = -0.49, P.05) and "maximum distance" (r = -0.37, P.05)-correlated with a lower final product quality score.Our findings support the notion that virtual reality could be used as a screening tool for perceptual-motor skill. Trainees identified as having poor perceptual-motor skill can benefit from focused curricula, allowing them to hone personal areas of weakness and maximize technical skill.

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of exposure to domestic violence during adolescence on an individual’s psychological health, ability to regulate emotions, and sense of satisfaction with life, during adulthood. Additionally, it aimed to investigate the long-term role of different coping strategies and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, as potential moderators in the relationship between severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence and an individual’s functioning during adulthood. A total of 218 adult participants completed measures regarding exposure to domestic violence, engagement in coping strategies, and attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, and psychological health, ability to regulate emotions, and sense of satisfaction with life, during adulthood. Ninety-two participants reported domestic violence exposure during adolescence. Two-way analyses of variance indicated that participants who were exposed to domestic violence during adolescence were more likely to report negative functioning during adulthood. Correlational analysis indicated that severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence was positively correlated with engagement in avoidance-focused coping strategies and insecure attachment, during adolescence, and negative functioning during adulthood. Moderation analyses indicated that engagement in avoidance-focused coping strategies and insecure attachment with primary caregiver, during adolescence, moderated the relationship between severity of domestic violence exposure during adolescence and functioning during adulthood, but only in low-moderate severity of exposure to domestic violence. These findings confirm the long-term impact of domestic violence exposure during adolescence on an individual’s functioning during adulthood, and provide new information that certain coping strategies and attachment with primary caregiver during adolescence may buffer against the impact.

We report an accurate recognition of ten different types of postconsumer plastics, including five extensively used basic plastics, by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Ratiometric and correlational analysis have been performed for the classification in which C/H ratio yielded partial discrimination while an excellent correlation has been observed between the intensity of the carbon peak with carbon single bonds. Additionally, a 3D correlational approach using the emission intensities of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen lines successfully segregated all the plastics. Finally, we report findings from partial least squares- discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that demonstrates classification accuracies of over 93 %. We envision that the high classification accuracy is shown here will encourage further validation studies leading to routine application of LIBS for screening and identification of post-consumer plastics.

Objective End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis were demonstrated to exhibit silent and invisible white-matter alterations which would likely lead to disruptions of brain structural networks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the disruptions of brain structural network in ESRD patients. Materials and methods Thiry-three ESRD patients with normal-appearing brain tissues and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study and underwent both cognitive ability screening instrument (CASI) assessment and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition. Brain structural connectivity network was constructed using probabilistic tractography with automatic anatomical labeling template. Graph-theory analysis was performed to detect the alterations of node-strength, node-degree, node-local efficiency, and node-clustering coefficient in ESRD patients. Correlational analysis was performed to understand the relationship between network measures, CASI score, and dialysis duration. Results Structural connectivity, node-strength, node-degree, and node-local efficiency were significantly decreased, whereas node-clustering coefficient was significantly increased in ESRD patients as compared with healthy controls. The disrupted local structural networks were generally associated with common neurological complications of ESRD patients, but the correlational analysis did not reveal significant correlation between network measures, CASI score, and dialysis duration. Conclusion Graph-theory analysis was helpful to investigate disruptions of brain structural network in ESRD patients with normal-appearing brain tissues.

This study investigated the change and stability of the Big-Five personality factors measured on a short scale. Fifteen similar studies using longer instruments were reviewed. In this study 7554 participants aged between 16 and 92 years completed a short 15 item FFM inventory twice six years apart in a large British sample. As expected, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Extroversion significantly increased, whereas Neuroticism significantly decreased, and Openness remained essentially the same over the time period. Participants were divided into six age groups and the results were broadly similar. Correlational analysis showed all five personality factors were considerably stable over six years after controlling for gender and age (r = 0.47 to r = 0.60, p

El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la disponibilidad a pagar (DAP) media de las familias del centro poblado de Paxa para la sostenibilidad del proyecto del servicio de agua potable y saneamiento rural a través del método de valoración contingente (MVC) con formatos de preguntas tipo referéndum y doble limite. La información fue recolectada a través de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 112 jefes de familia. Se estimó una DAP media de S/ 3.22 mes/familia, la DAP fue incidida por variables socioeconómicas como el precio hipotético, ingreso familiar, edad y educación. Asimismo mediante el análisis correlacional de Pearson se determinó una relación directa y positiva entre la DAP y la capacidad de pago (CP). Los resultados permitirán a los tomadores de decisiones generar el planteamiento de políticas que permitan garantizar la sostenibilidad del proyecto The objective of the study is to estimate the average willingness to pay (WTP) of the families in the town of Paxa for the sustainability of the potable water and rural sanitation service project through the contingent valuation method (CVM) with question type formats referendum and double limit. The information was collected through a survey applied to a sample of 112 heads of family. An average DAP of S / 3.22 month / family was estimated; the DAP was affected by socioeconomic variables such as the hypothetical price, family income, age and education. Likewise, Pearson’s correlational analysis determined a direct and positive relationship between the WTP and the payment capacity (PC). The results will allow decision makers to generate the policy approach that will guarantee the sustainability of the project

In this paper, we have analysed correlational studies between high frequency-heart rate variability (HF-HRV) band power and respiration frequency (RF) to identify an optimal narrower HF-HRV band capturing maximum information related to respiration-based heart rate variability. To get exclusive respiration related information, prospective narrower high frequency (HF) band of HRV has been defined with HF band centred around the RF. The RF and HF-HRV band power using fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been computed for all the subjects. The prospective narrower HF bands of HRV defined as [Respiration Frequency (RF) ±δ], with δ as bandwidth taken to be 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 Hz, has been analysed in this research. Average negative correlation between RF and HF-HRV band power for standard HF band (0.12Hz to 0.4 Hz) with the prospective narrower HF bands has been compared. The results show that average negative correlation for HF band defined by (RF±0.10) comes out to be -0.459278665 and for the standard HF band it comes out to be -0.315965889. This suggests that the narrower HF band defined by (RF±0.10) captures maximum information related to respiration-based heart rate variability. This study may be used for detecting stress and anxiety conditions. The study may be further used to distinguish between normal sinus arrythmia (NSA) and non-NSA. It may further be used to extract respiration rate from electrocardiography (ECG) signal alone.

The ability to inhibit distractors while focusing on specific targets is crucial. In most tasks, like Stroop or priming, the to-be-ignored distractors affect the response to be more like the distractors. We call this assimilation. Yet, in some tasks, the opposite holds. Constrast occurs when the response is caused to be least like the distractors. Contrast and assimilation are opposing behavioral effects, but they both occur when to-be-ignored information affects judgments. We ask here whether inhibition across contrastive and assimilative tasks is common or distinct. Assimilation and contrast are often thought to have different underlying psychological mechanisms, and we use a correlational analysis with hierarchical Bayesian models as a test of this hypothesis. We designed tasks with large assimilation or contrast effects. The stimuli are morphed letters, and whether there is contrast or assimilation depends on whether the surrounding information is a letter field (contrast) or a word field (assimilation). Critically, a positive correlation was found-individuals who better inhibited contrast-inducing contexts also better inhibited assimilation-inducing contexts. These results indicate that inhibition is common, at least in part, across contrast and assimilation tasks.

This study explored the relationship between individual characteristics, smart phone game overindulgence, and awareness of smart phone game addiction in five-year-old children. A pilot survey and main survey were conducted. A questionnaire was given to 400 parents with five-year-old children. The data from 239 participants were analyzed using correlational analysis and regression analysis. According to the results, younger children were more likely to overindulge in smart phone games. Older children were more aware of smart phone game addiction and could concentrate more on the game. The findings explain the relationship between the individual characteristics of children and their smart phone game overindulgence and smart phone game addiction awareness. It is suggested that it is necessary to educate young children about how to prevent smart phone game overindulgence and how to keep themselves from smart phone game addiction by making rules, learning about prevention, and playing sports.

Esta investigación realizó un análisis correlacional entre las funciones ejecutivas (conducta con iniciativa, capacidad para la planificación y la capacidad para supervisar y monitorizar la cognición) y la autorregulación del aprendizaje (gestión de la planificación y gestión de la motivación) en una muestra de 203 estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 25 años de edad (Medad = 20.53, DE = 1.77), 109 hombres (53.7%) y 94 mujeres (47.3%). En los resultados se encontraron relaciones significativas entre: gestión de la motivación y capacidad para la planificación (r = .49, p =

BACKGROUND: Hamstring tightness is a common condition typically assessed via the active knee extension (AKE), passive straight leg raise (PSLR), V-sit and reach (VSR), and finger-floor-distance (FFD). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between four common clinical tests of apparent hamstring tightness. A secondary purpose was to compare the differences in correlations between sub-groups based on positive test findings. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational laboratory design. METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (N = 81; 23.7 ± 5.9 years) performed the AKE, PSLR, VSR, and FFD in a randomized order, and subsequent correlational analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Strong correlations were identified between the VSR and FFD (r = -.798, r(2) = .637, p

Purpose Citation analysis is an important measure for the assessment of quality and impact of academic entities (authors, papers and publication venues) used for ranking of research articles, authors and publication venues. It is a common observation that high-level publication venues, with few exceptions (Nature, Science and PLOS ONE), are usually topic specific. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the claim correlation analysis between topic specificity and citation count of different types of publication venues (journals, conferences and workshops). Design/methodology/approach The topic specificity was calculated using the information theoretic measure of entropy (which tells us about the disorder of the system). The authors computed the entropy of the titles of the papers published in each venue type to investigate their topic specificity. Findings It was observed that venues usually with higher citations (high-level publication venues) have low entropy and venues with lesser citations (not-high-level publication venues) have high entropy. Low entropy means less disorder and more specific to topic and vice versa. The input data considered here were DBLP-V7 data set for the last 10 years. Experimental analysis shows that topic specificity and citation count of publication venues are negatively correlated to each other. Originality/value This paper is the first attempt to discover correlation between topic sensitivity and citation counts of publication venues. It also used topic specificity as a feature to rank academic entities.

The present quantitative study investigated the relationship between willingness to communicate (WTC) and learner autonomy in an EFL context. In addition, it explored the probable effect of gender on the relationship between learner autonomy and WTC. Furthermore, it investigated whether WTC could predict learner autonomy. The data were collected from 142 upper-intermediate and advanced EFL learners (72 males and 70 females) by means of two questionnaires, the Learner Autonomy Questionnaire and the WTC Scale. The findings indicated that WTC correlated significantly and positively with learner autonomy. Moreover, correlational analysis revealed that gender modified this relationship in that the relationship between WTC and learner autonomy was stronger and more positive among female learners. The results revealed that WTC was a partial predictor of learner autonomy in this EFL context.

Student wellness is one of the keys to success in Higher Education. Community is a potential psychological resource in maintaining wellness within the students. Sense of community is related to the wellness of the students. This study aims to determine the relationship between wellness and sense of community in students of Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo (UMSIDA). A total of 66 students were included as respondents in this study obtained by using cluster sampling technique. The data were collected using Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle inventory and Sense of Community Scale. The data analysis used is Pearson's correlational analysis. The result, there is a significant relationship between sense of community and wellness in UMSIDA students. That is, students with the SoC have more opportunities to achieve wellness better than other who doesn’t.

The purpose of the research as presented by us in this article, was to determine the aims with which teachers from various types of schools and of varied professional experience develop normative definitions of inclusive education. We paved the way to formulate these aims in the research tool with the analysis of literature on the subject, demonstrating three main trends in defining inclusive education. One hundred and eighty-eight teachers were surveyed, providing answers to the following research questions: 1/ domination of aims in definitions being developed and 2/ their correlations with professional experience and place of employment. We subjected them to a quantitative and correlational analysis. As a result, we determined that the aims related to meeting the needs of students with developmental disorders and those at risk of educational exclusion amongst the teacher definitions of inclusive education are dominant. In fact, the aims of the “every school for every student” idea of optimal inclusion are virtually missing. We determined that in the subject group, the type of school, teacher employment as well as their professional experience is related to the definition being developed.

Se reporta una investigación sobre la incidencia del género, del tipo de institución, pública o privada y del área científica en la dedicación a la lectura en formato impreso, en digital y en el uso de internet de 5 455 estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó un análisis correlacional y univariado para la comprobación de las hipótesis, encontrando que el uso de internet se relaciona positivamente con la dedicación a la lectura en texto impreso y con la lectura en formato digital. Se encontró, además, que la disciplina científica incide en la dedicación a la lectura impresa: los universitarios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de universidades públicas manifestaron el mayor número de horas de dedicación. En la lectura digital, el género, el tipo de disciplina científica y de institución incidieron en las horas de dedicación: los universitarios de sexo masculino de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería de universidades privadas declararon el mayor número de horas de dedicación a la lectura digital.

The pleasure derived from helping others is referred to as compassion satisfaction (CS). When a psychologist feels a too heavy demand to be compassionate and effective in helping, however, this may result in compassion fatigue (CF). CF may take the form of burnout or secondary traumatic stress (STS). The present paper focuses on two factors that may possibly protect against the development of CF, and facilitate the development of CS: (1) access to supervision and (2) a reflective stance. An online survey was distributed to two closed Swedish Facebook groups of psychologists, and complete data were obtained from 374 psychologists (320 women and 63 men). Both variable-oriented and person-oriented analyses were carried out. Correlational analysis showed that both supervision and reflection was associated with more CS, whereas only supervision but not reflection was significantly associated with less CF. Cluster analysis gave a more nuanced picture, suggesting a non-linear and multi-faceted association between reflection and CF. Some clusters of psychologists showed the expected association between level of reflection and level of CF. This was balanced, however, by other clusters that showed an association in the opposite direction, indicating high levels of reflection in clinicians with high levels of CF, and low levels in clinicians with low levels of CF. The results are discussed in terms of these differences in associative patterns possibly being due to different patient populations being involved. Among the limitations of the present study are its cross-sectional design, absence of data on patient characteristics, and a crude measure of supervision and reflection. Keywords: Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, supervision, reflective stance

A dwelling is one of the essence of living and ensuring safety and security that translates into the holistic development of a person’s well being. In this study, the lodging houses around NORSU-Guihulngan City campus was evaluated and correlated to the academic performance of NORSU students who are residing in these lodging houses. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out whether the conditions of the lodging houses affect the academic performance of students or not. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the condition of lodging houses and the academic performance of NORSU students.

To explore associations between older smokers' attitudes and beliefs about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and tobacco use behavior, descriptive and correlational analysis of a cross-sectional survey of a random national sample of current smokers (age ≥45 years [considered “older” herein]) was performed. Of 498 older smokers, 75% wanted to quit smoking cigarettes and 60% had tried e-cigarettes. The 108 current e-cigarette users believed e-cigarettes help quit cigarettes ( p < 0.001), are safer than cigarettes ( p = 0.002), and are acceptable to friends ( p = 0.010) and family ( p = 0.007). Smokers not considering cessation believed friends and family think it is okay to smoke cigarettes ( p < 0.001). Among older smokers: (a) most want to quit cigarettes; (b) e-cigarette use is increasing; (c) most believe e-cigarettes are healthier than cigarettes and effective for cessation; and (d) perceived social acceptability modifies tobacco use behavior by influencing initiation and maintenance of conventional cigarette and e-cigarette use. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44 (12), 17–24.]

This research was conducted in order to predict the success of TEOG in the History of Revolution and Kemalism course. This research conducted with quantitative research method was carried out on the data of 477 students attending in 5 different secondary schools and 18 classrooms in these state schools affiliated to Kutahya Provincial National Education Directorate. The data of the study consisted of the fall and spring semester written exam success scores in 8th grade Revolution History and Kemalism Course and the success scores of TEOG I and II in the same course in the 2016-2017 academic year. In the analysis of the data, firstly, the correlational analysis was applied and then regression analysis was performed. As a result of the research, it was determined that the first written exam of the Revolutionary History and Kemalism course announced about 59% of the variance in the TEOG I success scores. Another conclusion reached was that the first written exam in the spring semester of the Turkish Revolution History and Kemalism course accounted for approximately 65% of the variance in the TEOG II success scores. In addition, TEOG I and Revolution History and Kemalism course, the first written exam in the spring semester variables were found to explain approximately 77% of the variance in TEOG II success scores. Based on the results of the research, discussions and suggestions were made.

Objective Some studies have reported the presence of histological alterations, such as myofiber disorganization and abnormalities in the number and shape of mitochondria, in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Although Ultrasound imaging (US) is used to quantitatively characterize muscle tissues, US studies in patients with FMS are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to describe morphological and qualitative cervical multifidus (CM) muscle US features in women with FMS and to assess their correlation with clinical indicators. Design Observational study. Setting AFINSYFACRO Fibromyalgia Association (Madrid, Spain). Subjects Forty-five women with FMS participated. Methods Sociodemographic variables (e.g., age, height, weight, body mass index) and clinical outcomes (e.g., pain as assessed on a numerical pain rating scale, evolution time, pain-related disability as assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) were collected. Images were acquired bilaterally at the cervical spine (C4–C5 level) and measured by an experienced examiner for assessment of muscle morphology (e.g., cross-sectional area, perimeter, and shape) and quality (mean echo intensity and intramuscular fatty infiltration). Side-to-side comparisons and a correlational analysis were conducted. Results No significant side-to-side differences were found for morphology or quality features (P > 0.05). None of the clinical indicators were associated with US characteristics (all, P > 0.05). Conclusion Our results showed no side-to-side differences for CM morphology and quality as assessed with US. No associations between CM muscle morphology or quality and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, pressure pain threshold, numerical pain rating scale score, or evolution time were observed. Our preliminary data suggest that muscle morphology is not directly related to pain and pain-related disability in women with FMS.

Ramirez-Campillo, R, Garcia-Pinillos, F, Chaabene, H, Moran, J, Behm, DG, and Granacher, U. Effects of plyometric jump training on electromyographic activity and its relationship to strength and jump performance in healthy trained and untrained populations: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Strength Cond Res 35(7): 2053-2065, 2021-This systematic review analyzed the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on muscle activation assessed with surface electromyography during the performance of strength and jumping tasks in healthy populations across the lifespan. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Only randomized controlled studies were eligible to be included in this study. Our search identified 17 studies comprising 23 experimental groups and 266 subjects aged 13-73 years, which were eligible for inclusion. The included studies achieved a median Physiotherapy Evidence Database score of 6. No injuries were reported among the included studies. Significant PJT-related improvements were reported in 7 of 10 studies and in 6 of 10 studies for measures of muscle activation during the performance of strength and jumping tasks, respectively. Moreover, a secondary correlational analysis showed significant positive relationships (r = 0.86; p = 0.012; r2 = 0.74) between changes in muscle activation and changes in jump performance. However, from the total number (n = 287) of muscle activation response variables analyzed for strength and jumping tasks, ∼80% (n = 226) were reported as nonsignificant when compared with a control condition. In conclusion, PJT may improve muscle activation during the performance of strength and jumping tasks. However, conflicting results were observed probably arising from (a) studies that incorporated a large number of outcomes with reduced sensitivity to PJT, (b) methodological limitations associated to muscle activation measurement during strength and jumping tasks, and (c) limitations associated with PJT prescription. Future studies in this field should strive to solve these methodological shortcomings.

Our group recently performed a genome-wide informatic analysis that highlighted eight brain-enriched proteins with strong potential to serve as blood biomarkers of neurological injury (GFAP, MBP, β-synuclein, OPALIN, MT-3, SNAP-25, KIF5A, MOBP), including six that have yet to be widely investigated. In this study, our aim was to determine whether the circulating levels of these proteins could be used to approximate the extent of neural tissue damage in ischemic stroke. To address this aim, blood was collected from 43 ischemic stroke patients immediately upon hospital admission. The serum levels of the eight candidate proteins were measured via ELISA, infarct volume was assessed via manual tracing of neuroradiological images, and correlational analysis was performed to examine potential associative relationships. The serum levels of all eight proteins exhibited positive correlations with infarct volume, however the strongest associations were observed in a subset of four proteins known to originate from neurons specifically (MT-3, SNAP-25, KIF5A, β-synuclein). Combining the serum levels of these neuron-originating proteins using principal components analysis produced a single composite value that was more strongly correlated with infarct volume than the levels of any single protein considered in isolation (r = 0.48, p 0.001). Measures of these proteins could potentially be used to provide a minimally invasive approximation of lesion size when advanced imaging techniques are not available, or when imaging results are inconclusive.

Background In COVID 19 era, the literature on e-learning, or particularly m-learning, has considerably increased focusing on the subject of medical knowledge transfer. Considering the importance of orthopedic knowledge for general practitioners and the inadequacy of the orthopedics internship duration in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), we have developed and investigated a smartphone orthopedic educational application named “Orthobox”. Methods In a quasi-clinical before-after trial study, we investigated the benefits of Orthobox application for medical interns attending MUMS orthopedic departments. A total of 120 students (64 and 56 students in control and case groups respectively) were recruited. The application consists of five main parts of medication, common order samples, common prescriptions, cast and splint types, and educational movies. Students who passed the course without getting access to the application (control group) and students who were also using application during the course (case group) were defined, and comparison was done between them objectively through final exam score comparison and subjectively through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire score comparison. Besides, using case group students’ activity report provided by the application panel, correlational analysis was done on their amount of activity on each of the main parts of the application and the corresponding question exam and VAS score separately. Results The case group of the study generally achieved higher final exam scores, mainly on Order question score (P value Conclusion These results suggest that m-learning has got the potential to improve students’ medical knowledge and skills by organizing must-to-learn content specified for intern students of orthopedics on one hand, and cause more satisfaction in students about their education on the other hand. Trial registration This study was not registered because it is a quasi-clinical trial study. Level of evidence Level III (Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization (i.e. quasi-experimental).

The aim of this study to determine the interest in studying biology and the effect of interest in studying biology on the learning outcomes of cognitive biology during the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on several previous studies, it is known that online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic greatly influenced students' interest in learning biology. However, it is not yet known the level of interest in learning itself due to the effect of online learning, and it is not yet known the magnitude of the influence of interest in learning biology during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in 2nd-grade science in Senior High School No. 13 Semarang using a survey method with correlational analysis. The data collection techniques in this study were questionnaires and documentation which were analyzed by testing the hypothesis using the correlation test and regression test. The results showed that the percentage of students' interest in learning biology online during the Covid-19 pandemic was 68.16%. The results of the correlation test show that there is a relationship between interest in learning biology with the cognitive biology learning outcomes of students. The results of the regression test and the value of R squared indicated that students' interest in learning biology affects learning outcomes of cognitive biology. The percentage of the influence of students' interest in learning biology on the cognitive biology learning outcomes is 34%. The interest in learning biology of students when learning biology online during the Covid-19 pandemic is still low. The interest in learning biology when learning biology online during the Covid-19 pandemic effect the cognitive biology learning outcomes of students

The Self-Regulation vs. External-Regulation Theory (2017) has postulated a continuum of regulation/non-regulation/dys-regulation that is present both in the individual and in the individual’s context. This gives rise to a behavioral heuristic that can predict and explain other health-related variables, such as psychological reactance and student health. On a voluntary basis, 269 university students completed validated questionnaires on variables of regulation, reactance and health. Using an ex post facto design, we performed correlational analysis and structural linear regression to build a structural equations model (SEM) with acceptable statistical values. The results showed various predicted relationships: self-regulation was associated with and positively predicted self-regulated health behavior, external health-regulating contexts were associated with and positively predicted self-regulated health behavior, non-regulatory and dysregulatory contexts negatively predicted self-regulated health behavior and students’ health itself, as well as positively predicting psychological reactance behavior. Implications are established for explaining variability in general and health-related self-regulation, as well as for intervening in these variables in health programs.

Background Real-time automated analysis of videos of the microvasculature is an essential step in the development of research protocols and clinical algorithms that incorporate point-of-care microvascular analysis. In response to the call for validation studies of available automated analysis software by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and building on a previous validation study in sheep, we report the first human validation study of AVA 4. Methods Two retrospective perioperative datasets of human microcirculation videos (P1 and P2) and one prospective healthy volunteer dataset (V1) were used in this validation study. Video quality was assessed using the modified Microcirculation Image Quality Selection (MIQS) score. Videos were initially analyzed with (1) AVA software 3.2 by two experienced investigators using the gold standard semi-automated method, followed by an analysis with (2) AVA automated software 4.1. Microvascular variables measured were perfused vessel density (PVD), total vessel density (TVD), and proportion of perfused vessels (PPV). Bland–Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to measure agreement between the two methods. Each method’s ability to discriminate between microcirculatory states before and after induction of general anesthesia was assessed using paired t-tests. Results Fifty-two videos from P1, 128 videos from P2 and 26 videos from V1 met inclusion criteria for analysis. Correlational analysis and Bland–Altman analysis revealed poor agreement and no correlation between AVA 4.1 and AVA 3.2. Following the induction of general anesthesia, TVD and PVD measured using AVA 3.2 increased significantly for P1 (p p Conclusions AVA 4.1 is not a suitable tool for research or clinical purposes at this time. Future validation studies of automated microvascular flow analysis software should aim to measure the new software’s agreement with the gold standard, its ability to discriminate between clinical states and the quality thresholds at which its performance becomes unacceptable.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of canine sperm motility (total and progressive) assessment with a tablet-based Canine iSperm instrument compared to computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). The experiment used fresh and frozen/thawed canine semen samples for comparisons of semen analysis parameters (concentration, total motility, and progressive motility) between a CASA system, iSperm, and NucleoCounter SP-100 (concentration) instruments. Spearman’s Rho correlational analysis was used to identify significant associations between motility assessment methods. Significant positive correlations were found between CASA assessment and iSperm for both progressive and total motility measurements. We also determined the coefficient of variation (CV) for repeatability of sample analysis for iSperm and CASA for fresh sperm, wherein each sample was assessed 10 times on both devices. For fresh and frozen-thawed samples, concentration assessment by iSperm showed high variability (CV= 19.9 ± 1.5%). For iSperm assessment of total and progressive motility, the CVs were 6.3 ± 0.5% and 10.7 ± 0.8%, respectively. The results indicate that the iSperm application offers an accurate and alternative measurement of motility to traditional CASA analysis, though caution should be taken when assessing concentration due to the high CV observed in this study.

The present study aimed to develop predictive models of calf birth weight (CBW) from liveweight (LW) data collected remotely and individually using an automated in-paddock walk-over-weighing scale (WOW). Twenty-eight multiparous Charolais cows were mated with two Brahman bulls. The WOW was installed at the only watering point to capture LW over five months. Calf birth date and weight were manually recorded, and the liveweight change experienced by a dam at calving (ΔLWC) was calculated as pre-LW minus post-LW calving. Cow non-foetal weight loss at calving (NFW) was calculated as ΔLWC minus CBW. Pearson’s correlational analysis and simple linear regressions were used to identify associations between all variables measured. No correlations were found between ΔLWC and pre-LW (p = 0.52), or post-LW (p = 0.14). However, positive associations were observed between ΔLWC and CBW (p &lt, 0.001, R2 = 0.56) and NFW (p &lt, 0.001, R2 = 0.90). Thus, the results suggest that 56% of the variation in ΔLWC is attributed to the calf weight, and consequently could be used as an indicator of CBW. Remote, in-paddock weighing systems have the potential to provide timely and accurate LW data of breeding cows to improve calving management and productivity.

Research has demonstrated that cyber victimization is consistently associated with higher problem behaviors such as problematic technology use. However, little research has examined specific individual dispositions that can serve as a buffer in the link between cyber victimization and higher problematic uses of technology (i.e., problematic Internet, smartphone, and social media), such as core self-evaluations (CSE). A convenience sample of 1211 high school students, 657 females, 554 males, aged 12 to 18 (mean age = 13.74) completed measures of cyber victimization, CSE, and different problematic technology-related behaviors. Results of correlational analysis revealed significant associations between cyber victimization and all problematic uses of technology. Our findings also suggested that high CSE weakened the relationship between cyber victimization and two of the three problematic uses of technology. Consistent with social compensation theory, cyber victimization was concurrently linked to different problematic uses of technology. Low CSE also strengthened the link between cyber victimization and problems use of smartphones and social media and also showed a marginally significant interaction with cyber victimization in predicting problematic Internet use. Implications of these preliminary findings are discussed and avenues for further research are offered.

This research analyzes prediction of student’s success in related courses on Universities. Syllabus of the Faculty of Information Technologies of University "Dzemal Bijedic" in Mostar contains linked courses which are conditioned by each-other. These courses which are pre-requisite to others are in some cases on the same academic years and some of them are in following year. In this research authors proposed regression analysis of student’s success dependency on two courses on first year of study. Correlational analysis indicated existence of moderate correlation. Regression analysis showed that the proposed model indicates weak determination of correlation between subjects. One variant of regression equation is rejected since independent variable was not significant. Regression equation y = ax is accepted.

Increasing and improving the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational pipeline has been a point of emphasis for decades, and federal policy in the United States has urged high schools to embed new types of STEM courses into the curriculum. As one example, applied STEM courses—one growing branch within career and technical education (CTE)—are designed to reinforce traditional academic STEM content and to motivate students’ interests and long-term pursuits in STEM areas. That said, little is known about who takes these courses, and applied-STEM-CTE enrollment in these courses has not been explored in the research for students with learning disabilities. Using the High School Longitudinal Study (a nationally representative data set of high school students), we asked whether CTE coursetaking differed for students with learning disabilities compared with those without disabilities, and whether there were specific coursetaking differences in applied-STEM-CTE. We found that students with learning disabilities were more likely to earn more units in CTE courses compared with students without disabilities. Yet, when looking at applied-STEM-CTE courses, we see that although students with learning disabilities earn more CTE units than students without disabilities, students with learning disabilities do not take different amounts of applied-STEM-CTE courses. Implications are discussed.

Research Objectives To investigate whether the Fidelity Assessment Common Ingredients Tool (FACIT) has a relationship between empowerment and satisfaction with people who have psychiatric disabilities and attend Peer Operated Service Programs (POSP) in New Jersey. Design The FACIT was administered along with the Personal Empowerment Scale (PES), the Making Decisions Empowerment Scale (MDES), and the Self-help Agency Satisfaction Scale (SHASS). Two research assistants administered the FACIT, and on a subsequent visit, administered the three surveys. Canonical correlational analysis (Hair et al., 2015) was used to determine if there was a relationship between the FACIT and satisfaction and empowerment. Setting The study occurred in community POSP where people with psychiatric disabilities attend for mutual self-help, and peer led activities (Swarbrick, 2007). Participants A convenience sample consisting of 206 participants, who self-identified as having a serious mental illness, participated from 19 POSP. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The FACIT survey consists of 46 items and six domains and measures how well a peer run organization is adhering to the peer model (Johnsen et al., 2005; SAMHSA, 2011). The PES focuses on independent social functioning (Segal et al., 1995), the MDES measures self-empowerment (Rogers et. al., 1997), and the SHASS measures satisfaction with self-help programs (Segal et al., 2000). Results Canonical correlational analysis found a relationship between satisfaction and empowerment and the six subscales of the FACIT (p Conclusions While a relationship was found between empowerment and satisfaction and the FACIT, these do not appear to be the main focus, which is more about how the POSP is structured and organized. Implications for using the FACIT at peer programs will be presented. Author(s) Disclosures None.

What is the social, emotional, and academic impact of attending school remotely rather than in person? We address this urgent policy issue using survey data collected from N = 6,576 high school students in a large, demographically diverse school district that allowed families to choose either format in fall 2020. Controlling for baseline measures of well-being collected one month before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as student demographics and other administrative data from official school records, students who attended school remotely reported lower levels of social, emotional, and academic well-being (ES = 0.10, 0.08, and 0.07 standard deviations, respectively) than classmates who attended school in person—differences that were consistent across gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status subgroups but significantly wider for older compared to younger students.

With the increased use of Social Networking Sites and Apps (SNSAs) in Saudi Arabia, it is important to consider the impact of this on the social lives of tertiary students, who are heavy users of such technology. A mixed methods study exploring the effect of SNSAs use on the social capital of Saudi postgraduate students was conducted using a multidimensional construct of social capital, which included the components of life satisfaction, social trust, civic participation, and political engagement. Data were collected through surveys and interviews involving 313 male and 293 female postgraduate students from Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in Makkah. Findings show that male and female participants perceived SNSAs use impacting all components of social capital at a moderate and mainly positive level. Correlational analysis demonstrated medium to large positive correlations among components of social capital. Gender differences were not evident in the life satisfaction and social trust components, however, females reported more involvement with SNSAs for the purposes of political engagement while males reported more use for civic participation, which is an interesting finding, in light of the norms and traditional culture of Saudi society.