Esfuerzo cardiosaludable en la jornada escolar. Implicaciones para las escuelas (Heart-healthy effort in the school day. Implications for schools)

Introduccion. El estudio analizo los niveles de actividad fisica cardiosaludable (AFCS) de los escolares de primaria en la jornada escolar y la jerarquia de factores predictores de dicha conducta activa. Metodologia. Estudio transversal, prospectivo, correlacional e inferencial. Se recabaron datos de diferente naturaleza (fenotipo sexual, tipologia ponderal, resistencia cardiaca, capacidad aerobica, expresividad emocional y social, ansiedad-rasgo, tipologia sociometrica, nivel de sedentarismo, tipo de centro y jornada) en un total de 58 sujetos (32 ninos y 26 ninas) (12 anos) de 24 centros. Tras registrar la FC durante 5 jornadas escolares, se analizo el tiempo invertido en AFCS en FC ≥50% FC de reserva. Posteriormente, se aplico analisis correlacional y tecnica arbol de decisiones determinando la relacion jerarquica de rasgos predictores de AFCS (α= 0,05). Resultados y conclusiones. Los varones alcanzarian en el recreo mas AFCS que las ninas (p min/sem =0,03; p % tiempo/sem =0,02). Los chicos populares acumularian mas AFCS que el resto (R 2 =38,85). Los escolares con una resistencia aerobica inferior a la media acumularian mas AFCS en Ed. Fisica que el resto (R 2 =8,39). Quienes muestran indices intermedios de expresividad emocional alcanzarian mas AFCS que el resto en Ed. Artistica y otras actividades escolares minoritarias, donde los introvertidos “activos y muy activos” alcanzarian mas AFCS que los introvertidos “poco activos y sedentarios” (R 2 =30,09). El supuesto ecologico es insuficiente para explicar el nivel de AFCS de los escolares durante la jornada escolar. Abstract. Introduction. The study analyzed the levels of cardio-healthy physical activity (CHPA) of elementary school children in the school day and the hierarchy of predictive factors. Methodology. A cross-sectional, prospective, correlational, and inferential study. Fifty-eight children (32 boys and 26 girls) (11.88 ± 0.32 years) enrolled in 24 schools provided data of sexual phenotype, weight type, cardiac endurance, aerobic capacity, social and emotional expressiveness, anxiety, sociometric type, sedentary level, type of center, and school day. After registering the subjects’ heart rate with Polar® monitors for 5 consecutive school days, the CHPA was analyzed (time spent in an effort of ≥50% HR reserve). Subsequently, correlational analysis and decision tree technique were carried out to determine the hierarchical relationship of CHPA predictive factors (α = 0.05). Results and conclusions. Boys would reach more CHPA than girls at recess (p min/sem = 0.03; p % time/sem = 0.02). Among the former, the popular ones would accumulate more CHPA than the rest (R 2 = 38.85). Schoolchildren with lower aerobic endurance would accumulate more CHPA in Physical Education than the rest (R 2 = 8.39). Those who show intermediate rates of emotional expressiveness would achieve more CHPA than the rest in Artistic and other minority school activities, where active and very active introverts would achieve more CHPA than little active and sedentary introverts (R 2 = 30.09). The ecological model is insufficient to explain the level of CHPA of school children during the school day.