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Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) tends to increase for African immigrant women upon arrival in the United States because of adjustment and acculturation stress, non-citizen status, language barriers, economic insecurity, and lack of social support. The aim of this study was to speak directly with African immigrant women living in the same U.S. urban community and ask them about their perceptions of IPV. Authors posit that by learning more about IPV perceptions from African immigrant women, we can contribute to the literature on African immigrant women's experiences and, using transnational intersectionality theory, we can identify how social service providers may use these perceptions to create more inclusive and effective services for African immigrant women experiencing IPV. Method: Community-based participatory focus groups and interpretive phenomenology were used to understand the perceptions of IPV from 22 women (10 Ethiopian immigrant women and 12 immigrant women from various French speaking countries in Africa). Cultural brokers helped with the development of research questions, recruitment materials, interview process, and the review of interview transcripts. Results: Women reported concerns and barriers precipitated by intersections of culture and patriarchy, judgment from others, and fear of losing financial support. Findings also show that perceptions of IPV and decision-making to seek help were influenced by factors associated with their countries of origin as well as their host country, the United States. Conclusions: It is important for clinicians to understand the ways in which culture, ethnicity, and transnational perspectives intersect with responses to IPV and use this to inform and support services for these populations. Implications are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the mediational role of change in psychosocial abilities, adjustment and participation on change in motor and cognitive function from admission to discharge from a staged community-based brain injury rehabilitation (SCBIR) service in Western Australia, 2011–2020. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of n = 324 adults with ABI enrolled in SCBIR using routinely collected rehabilitation outcome measures data. Motor and cognitive function were assessed with the UK Functional Independence and Assessment Measure and psychosocial function with the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4. Six multilevel mediation regression analyses were conducted to determine whether change in psychosocial function (abilities, adjustment and participation) mediated change in motor and cognitive function from admission to discharge. Results: Participants demonstrated clinically significant improvements in both motor (+ 11.8, p < 0.001) and cognitive (+ 9.5, p < 0.001) functioning from admission to discharge. Statistically significant improvements in psychosocial abilities (− 4.8, p < 0.001), adjustment (− 2.9, p = 0.001) and participation (− 2.5, p < 0.001) were also seen but were not clinically significant. Mediation analyses showed that participation accounted for 81% of improvements in motor function at discharge and 71% of cognitive function improvements. Adjustment accounted for 26% and 32% of change in motor and cognitive function, respectively. Abilities accounted for 60% of change in cognitive function but did not significantly influence change in motor function. Changes in psychosocial participation fully mediated change in motor function during neurorehabilitation. Conclusions: Psychosocial function, particularly participation, is an important driver of motor and cognitive recovery throughout neurorehabilitation. Functional rehabilitation programs should target psychosocial improvement as an important mechanism of change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Recent studies suggest a decline in the age-specific incidence and prevalence of dementia. However, results are mixed regarding trends among octogenarians. We investigated time trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia in 3 population-based cohorts of 85–90-year olds. We also examined if there were different time trends for men and women. Methods We examined population-based birth cohorts within the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies born 1901–02, 1923–24, and 1930, at ages 85 (N  = 1481) and 88 (N  = 840) years. The first 2 cohorts were also examined at age 90 (N  = 450). The incidence was examined in 1 109 individuals free from dementia at baseline using information from the examination at age 88 or register data. All 3 cohorts were examined with identical methods. Results The prevalence of dementia decreased from 29.8% in 1986–87 to 21.5% in 2008–10 and 24.5% in 2015–16 among 85-year olds, and from 41.9% in 1989–90 to 28.0% in 2011–12 to 21.7% in 2018–19 among 88-year olds, and from 41.5% in 1991–92 to 37.2% in 2013–14 among 90-year olds. The decline was most accentuated among women. The incidence of dementia per 1 000 risk-years from ages 85 to 89 declined from 48.8 among those born 1901–02 to 37.9 in those born 1923–24 to 22.5 among those born 1930. Conclusions The prevalence and incidence of dementia decreased substantially over 3 decades among octogenarians. This might slow down the projected increase in cases of dementia expected by the increasing number of octogenarians during the following decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community as Family (CAF) was developed in 2014 by Wendl Kornfeld. It is an educational model designed to encourage Solo Agers to anticipate and navigate their later years more efficiently, supported by a community-based team. There is no fee for coaching and training materials for those interested in becoming facilitators. The CAF structure is adaptable for Solo Agers regardless of location and cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As substance use disorders are globally among the top causes of preventable mortality and morbidity among adolescents, there is a need for developing effective prevention programs to address the rising prevalence and the associated health consequences. The main aim of this study is to develop a community-based study protocol for preventing substance use in Iranian adolescents. An ecological approach, mobilizing for action through planning and partnership (MAPP), was used to develop a study protocol for preventing substance use among 14–18-year-old adolescents participating in this study. Participants were randomized to the intervention (n = 70) or control (n = 70) groups. The intervention group was exposed to eight individual sessions by two qualified trainers over eight weeks to stimulate (1) positive outcome expectations, (2) self-efficacy, e.g., to resist social pressure, (3) self-regulation, e.g., by self-monitoring of stress and emotions. Outcomes were assessed by the percentage reduction in substance use after six, 18, and 24 months after the intervention. In this study, we have been to outline and explain the steps of developing and implementing a community-based study protocol. This protocol, if practical and effective, could be easily implemented in various settings and would reach large numbers of young people cost-effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to assess the middle-term effects (1 year after intervention) of two community-based mental health interventions, Common Elements Treatment Approach intervention, CETA, and Narrative Community Group Therapy intervention, NCGT, in two cities of the Colombian Pacific region (Buenaventura and Quibdó). A follow-up study was conducted on a cohort of trial participants. In this trial, the positive effects of two mental health interventions were evaluated; assessment was carried out in separate groups (CETA arm, NCGT arm and a control group) of the reduction of symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress and function impaired mentality. The participants were Afro-Colombian survivors of the armed conflict and displacement living in Buenaventura and Quibdó. They were surveyed using the same instrument used in the original trial. Intent-to-treat analyses were performed, and longitudinal mixed-effects regression models with random effects were used to analyse the middle-term effects of the interventions. At 1-year post-intervention, participants in Buenaventura who received the CETA intervention experienced a decrease in depression (−0.23; p = 0.02), post-traumatic stress symptoms (−0.23; p = 0.02) and total mental health symptoms (−0.14; p = 0.048). In Quibdó, the NCGT intervention significantly improved function impairment (−0.30; p = 0.005). CETA and NCGT interventions have the potential to maintain a reduction of mental health symptoms in participants from the Colombian Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to design a community-based human capital management model with a sustainable development approach. This is applied research that has been done with an exploratory strategy and a qualitative method. The method used is theme analysis and statistical population of the research consisted of managers and experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade and Department of Environment and Texts containing the opinions of experts on websites. In this research, snowball sampling method and semi-structured interviews were used. A total of 12 interviews were conducted and 12 texts were selected and analysed. Data coding was done manually once and in the second step using 2022 MAXQDA software. After data encoding, base themes (NO.653), Organizer themes (NO.37) and Inclusive themes (NO.12), were identified and presented as a model. It has three dimensions: context, content and consequences. Guba and Lincoln's four criteria were used to check the reliability of the findings. The context includes themes affecting human resources functions, the content includes the themes of community-based recruitment, community-based training and development, community-based performance management, community-based compensation, and community-based maintenance; And the consequences include organizational and extra-organizational consequences. Interpretation of research findings showed that identify and reinforce common true beliefs, redefining shared values and interests through dialogue and participation and “coordination between government organizations" will further facilitate community-based accountability. Introduction In this way, it is possible to confront changes in structures and functions that cause or intensify inequalities and non-existence. The purpose of this study was to design the human capital management model of society by considering sustainable development dimensions. This research is aimed at the purpose of the type of applied studies, which is conducted with an exploratory strategy and qualitative method. The method used is analysis thematic. The statistical population of the study was the managers and experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade and Department of Environment, which was conducted by targeted sampling method with 12 interviews and 12 text from meetings and speeches were analysed. After data encoding and data analysis, the proposed model was drawn that has three dimensions: field, content and outcome. Case study The statistical population of the study was the managers and experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade and Department of Environment, which was conducted by targeted sampling method with 12 interviews and 12 text from meetings and speeches were analysed. Materials and Methods The method used is thematic analysis and coding were performed using MAXQDA 2020 software. The statistical population of the study was managers and experts of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade and Department of Environment, which was conducted by 12 interviews by targeted sampling and 12 interviews and analysed 12 articles from the meetings and speeches it placed. Discussion and Results After data encoding, Descriptive coding (NO.653), Interpretive coding (NO.37) and Inclusive themes (NO.12), were identified and presented as a model. The strategy for this type of research is exploratory. Conclusion Interpretation of research findings showed that Identify and reinforce common true beliefs, redefining shared values and interests through dialogue and participation and “coordination between government organizations" will further facilitate community-based accountability. In community-based human capital management, we must maintain the view of the community in all processes of recruitment and recruitment of employee (Recruitment exam methods and interviews), determining the educational goals in developing and training, and in performance management, compensation and maintenance of employees. This requires a kind of transformation in the minds of the organization's managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rural Ghana, infant feeding is largely home-based or community-based yet less is known about the kinds of community-based infant foods and the ability of families to create a range of recipes for baby feeding using context-specific ingredients particularly in northern Ghana which has a high prevalence of malnutrition. In this explorative study on mothers (15–49 years; n = 46), we investigated community-based infant foods' food group composition, enrichment, nutrient contribution, and acceptability. The identified community-based infant foods were mainly made of either corn or millet porridges in northern Ghana and had three nutrients with % RNI ≥ 70. We developed 38 recipes of enriched community-based infant foods adding underutilized foods (orange-fleshed sweet potato, pawpaw, cowpea, moringa, groundnut, Bambara beans, and soya beans) to increase the number of nutrients from three to at least five and at most nine nutrients with % RNI ≥ 70 based on the recipe combinations. The enriched community-based infant food recipes provided adequate caloric amounts and modest improvements in micronutrient content for infants (6–12 months). All recipes tested were deemed appropriate and acceptable for infants by mothers. Moringa and pawpaw emerged as the lowest-cost ingredients to add among the underutilized foods. Future research is necessary to assess the effectiveness of the new recipes at promoting linear growth and improving micronutrient status during the complementary feeding period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV self-testing (HIVST) can improve testing completion among adolescents and young adults (AYA), although its influence on sexual behaviors is unclear. We evaluated whether HIVST was associated with changes in talking with sexual partners about HIVST, condom use, and HIV risk perception among AYA ages 15–24 years in a study of HIVST distribution through homes, pharmacies, and nightclubs in Nairobi, Kenya. All participants had negative HIVST results. Regression models were used to evaluate changes between pre-HIVST and 4 months post-HIVST. Overall, there was a significant increase in talking with sexual partners about HIVST. There was a significant reduction in number of condomless sex acts among AYA recruited through pharmacies and homes. Unexpectedly, among females, there was a significant decrease in consistent condom use with casual partners. HIVST services for AYA may benefit from including strategies to support condom use and partner communication about self-testing adapted to specific populations and partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent decades, community-based interventions have been increasingly adopted in the field of health promotion and prevention. While their evaluation is relevant for health researchers, stakeholders and practitioners, conducting these evaluations is also challenging and there are no existing standards yet. The objective of this review is to scope peer-reviewed scientific publications on evaluation approaches used for community-based health promotion interventions. A special focus lies on children and adolescents' prevention. Methods: A scoping review of the scientific literature was conducted by searching three bibliographic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO). The search strategy encompassed search terms based on the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) scheme. Out of 6,402 identified hits, 44 articles were included in this review. Results: Out of the 44 articles eligible for this scoping review, the majority reported on studies conducted in the USA (n = 28), the UK (n = 6), Canada (n = 4) and Australia (n = 2). One study each was reported from Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Scotland, respectively. The included studies described interventions that mostly focused on obesity prevention, healthy nutrition promotion or well-being of children and adolescents. Nineteen articles included more than one evaluation design (e.g., process or outcome evaluation). Therefore, in total we identified 65 study designs within the scope of this review. Outcome evaluations often included randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 34.2%) or specific forms of RCTs (cluster RCTs; 9.8%) or quasi-experimental designs (26.8%). Process evaluation was mainly used in cohort (54.2%) and cross-sectional studies (33.3%). Only few articles used established evaluation frameworks or research concepts as a basis for the evaluation. Conclusion: Few studies presented comprehensive evaluation study protocols or approaches with different study designs in one paper. Therefore, holistic evaluation approaches were difficult to retrieve from the classical publication formats. However, these publications would be helpful to further guide public health evaluators, contribute to methodological discussions and to inform stakeholders in research and practice to make decisions based on evaluation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are very few population-based studies on the prevalence of eczema among older persons Aims: To estimate the prevalence and types of eczema in those aged 65 years or more in the community and to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions for case finding. Methods: In the first stage of this cross-sectional survey, trained health workers of a non-governmental organization surveyed the eligible population and identified persons likely to have eczema. In the second stage, dermatologists examined such persons to ascertain the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info software version 7. Prevalence of eczema was expressed in percentages. Chisquare test was used for comparing the difference in prevalence of eczema in various age groups and sex. Results: Health workers identified 98 persons as possible cases of eczema after interviewing 385 older persons in the community. Among them 95 persons were examined by dermatologists and 44 were confirmed to have eczema (diagnostic accuracy of health workers = 46.3%). Point prevalence of eczema was 11.4% (44/385). Prevalence was similar in males and females. It was greater (18.2 %) among persons aged 81 years or more. Asteatotic eczema, gravitational eczema and lichen simplex chronicus were the more common types of eczema. Limitations: Possible underestimation of the prevalence rates due to limited medical knowledge of health workers; limited facilities for examination and investigations at the medical camps and home visits. Conclusion: There appears to be a considerable burden of eczema among older persons in the community. A community-based approach involving non-governmental organizations has the potential to identify cases and offer care close to their homes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective supervision is a key aspect of community-based mental health practice that may enrich staff development, and improve the quality of care for clients. This case study describes the organizational efforts of a not-for-profit, community-based mental health and addiction service provider to strengthen its approaches to clinical supervision. The organization's leadership engaged in the development of a comprehensive model aimed at establishing a culture of internal clinical supervision to meet the needs of staff and clients. The model incorporates existing best practices, and may strengthen research on supervision through the integration of practice-based insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People living with schizophrenia (PLS) suffer frequent relapse accompanied by emergency room visits, premature mortality, lower quality of life and a substantial social and economic burden on families and health systems. There is a dearth of community-based relapse prevention interventions (RPIs) in Iran. Aims: To determine an ideal model for a community-based RPIs for PLS. Methods: A qualitative study with 27 experts in Iran was carried out to understand the ideal RPIs for PLS and the key components of such interventions. Results: In 16 semi-structured interviews and 8 group-discussions, the participants identified six major stages of family and community-based RPIs including preparation, social mobilization, local team formation, design an RPI, implementing the RPI, participatory monitoring, and evaluation of the RPI. Conclusions: Given the suboptimal healthcare systems and lack of professionals and services, PLS in Iran may benefit from family and community-based RPIs. Our findings warrant pilot testing of such initiatives across developing communities like Iran to improve health outcomes of PLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionLow levels of mental health literacy amongst parents can have negative effects on youth mental wellbeing and help-seeking behaviors. Here, we explored the impact of a brief psychoeducational workshop on improving parent mental health literacy and family relationships in Kibera, a low-resource high-risk setting in Nairobi, Kenya.MethodsThe workshop was designed to address this issue, and it was delivered by trained facilitators to small groups of parents (N = 72). Data was collected at baseline, post-workshop, two-week follow-up, and one-month follow-up.ResultsStatistical and thematic analysis of the data revealed significant improvements in parent mental health literacy scores and family relationships, indicating the acceptability and effectiveness of this workshop.DiscussionThe findings suggest that brief, group-based psychoeducational workshops can be effective in improving parent mental health literacy and family relationships, thereby addressing challenges faced by parents and youth in the Kenyan context. Future studies are needed to conclusively determine if such workshops can improve participants’ own mental health or their perception of child behavior.

IntroductionThere is an abundance of community-based reading programs for school-age children who are struggling learners. The aim of this study was to compare two community-based programs (i.e., skill and reason-based programs) and to analyze any complementary benefits.MethodsIn this randomized cross-over study, 20 children completed two 8-week literacy intervention programs. The skills-based program, Leap to Literacy, focused on explicit teaching and repeated practice of the five key components of literacy instruction (phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension). The reason-based program, Wise Words, focused on morphological knowledge, hypothesis testing, and critical thinking.ResultsResults revealed study-wide improvements in phonemic awareness, nonword reading, passage reading accuracy, spelling words and features, and affix identification. There were consistent program by program order effects with robust effects of completing the skills-based program first for phonemic awareness, the reason-based program first for passage reading accuracy, and both programs for affix identification. A significant increase in an oral language measure, recalling sentences, was observed for the group who completed the reason-based program first, although they also started off with a lower initial score.DiscussionFindings indicated improvements from participating in either program. The observed order effects suggest potential additive effects of combining reason- and skills-based approaches to intervention.

Background: Procrastination is associated with stress and unhealthy behaviors. The oral condition reflects the long-term history of an individual’s stress exposure and oral health behaviors; however, empirical studies on the association of procrastination in childhood with remaining teeth in older age are limited. We investigated the association of procrastination in childhood with the number of remaining teeth among community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Methods: In total, 1,616 community-dwelling senior residents of Wakuya City (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan) who were enrolled in the National Health Plan & the Medical Care System for the Elderly completed a self-administered questionnaire on the number of teeth. Procrastination was measured using a single binary question about timing of holiday homework completion in childhood. The number of remaining teeth was assessed via a questionnaire with response options of ≥20, 10–19, 1–9, and 0 teeth. Ordered logistic regression models with potential confounders (sex, age, maternal education, childhood socioeconomic status [SES], childhood maltreatment, conscientiousness trait) and mediators (adulthood SES, smoking history, alcohol use history) were estimated. Results: Forty-six percent of participants reported a higher tendency to procrastinate in childhood. The proportions of participants with ≥20, 10–19, 1–9, and 0 teeth were 39.6%, 22.7%, 24.0%, and 13.7%, respectively. After adjusting for all covariates, a higher tendency to procrastinate in childhood was significantly associated with having fewer remaining teeth (odds ratio 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.57). Conclusion: A higher tendency to procrastinate in childhood was associated with having fewer remaining teeth in later life.

Proper handwashing is one of the effective ways to prevent many communicable diseases, including COVID-19. We explored the handwashing practices in a rural Indian population before the probable third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A data collection schedule was administered to eligible adult members of a rural community, selected by multi-stage sampling, to assess their pattern and practice of handwashing. All 176 respondents washed their hands after defecation, 82.4 and 80.7% washed hands after urination and before taking food, respectively, while 68.2% of respondents washed hands after coming back from outdoors. Among those who handwashed, 82.9% used soap water after defecation; 46.2, 45.8 and 50.8% washed hands with soap water after urination, before taking food and after visiting outdoors, respectively. Only a quarter (24.4%) of all the participants used soap water for handwashing consistently after defecation, after urination, before taking food and after coming home. The more educated, those coming from higher socioeconomic stratum and working from home, were more likely to report proper handwashing practice. Handwashing, as recommended by health agencies, for restraining COVID-19 infection, was not noticed in the majority of the participants. Better awareness of handwashing is recommended to help restrain COVID-19 in the Indian population. HIGHLIGHTS Global health bodies stress upon proper handwashing as one of the effective ways to curb the COVID-19 pandemic, but this study reveals an unsatisfactory state of handwashing practice in rural India.; Handwashing was not universal among the participants for all the indicators; the use of soap water during handwashing was not a commonly noted practice.; None were found to follow all the recommended steps of handwashing.;

Abstract Background The number of people struggling with vulnerability to mental health difficulties is increasing worldwide, and there is a need for new interventions, to prevent more people from developing serious mental illnesses. In recent years, peer support has been suggested as a key element in creating person-centered interventions in mental health services. However, the evidence for peer support is not yet established. We aim to investigate the effect of a 10-week peer-support intervention “Paths to EvERyday life” (PEER) added to service as usual (SAU) versus SAU alone in a Danish municipality setting. Methods A two-armed, investigator-initiated, multi-municipal, parallel-group superiority trial to investigate the effectiveness of the PEER intervention added to SAU compared to SAU alone. A total of 284 participants will be recruited from the municipal social services in the participating municipalities and by self-referrals and randomly assigned to (1) the PEER intervention added to SAU or (2) SAU. The primary outcome is a self-assessed personal recovery (Questionnaire about the process of recovery (QPR-15)) at end of the intervention. The secondary outcomes are self-assessed empowerment (Empowerment Scale Rogers (ESR)), quality of life (The Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of life (MANSA)), and functioning (Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS)). Discussion This trial will test a new community-based peer-support intervention, and if the intervention proves to be effective, the goal is that future integration of this intervention will improve individual recovery and mental health and reduce the societal burden of individuals seeking municipal social support and/or mental health services. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04639167. Registered on Nov. 19, 2020.

Barbara Nemesure,1 Kathleen H Scarbrough,1 Linda Mermelstein2 1Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA; 2Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USACorrespondence: Barbara Nemesure, Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA, Tel +1 631-444-1293, Fax +1 631-444-7525, Email Barbara.Nemesure@stonybrookmedicine.eduPurpose: The aims of this investigation were to evaluate racial disparities in prostate cancer among men living in a relatively affluent community with access to high quality healthcare.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 1363 cases with prostate cancer entered into the Stony Brook Cancer Center registry between 2010 and 2020. Demographic and other factors, including the Distressed Community Index (DCI) which provides an indicator of socioeconomic status by zip code, were analyzed as predictors of later stage disease using logistic regression.Results: Approximately 60% of cases resided in a “prosperous” zip code (DCI< 20) with median (range) DCI of 16.3 (1.1, 61.8). Black men were diagnosed with later stage disease at a higher rate (p=0.03) and were more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age (p< 0.01) compared to White men. However, the distribution of cancer stage stratified by DCI and race did not differ among groups. Black men were 3 times more likely to have Medicaid and a history of diabetes, as well as 33% more likely to have hypertension than White men. Black race (OR=2.08, (1.26, 3.42)), older age (OR=2.56 (1.67, 3.90)) and current smoking (OR=1.61 (1.07, 2.42)) were significant contributors of later stage cancer.Conclusion: Black men residing in a relatively affluent suburb were diagnosed at younger ages, later stages, and were more likely to have additional comorbidities compared to White men. This study highlights the complexity of the environmental, societal, and biological contributors to racial disparities that warrants further investigation into the underlying causes for the excess burden on Black men.Keywords: prostate cancer, racial differences, risk factors, community-based

Wondesen Teshome Bekele Department of Statistics, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Wondesen Teshome Bekele, Email wondesen52@gmail.comBackground: The World Health Organization has endorsed a community-based health insurance scheme (CBHIS) as a shared financing plan to improve access to health services and ensure universal coverage of the healthcare delivery system. Such a contributory scheme is the most likely option to provide health insurance coverage when governments cannot offer direct health care support. Despite improvements in access to current healthcare services, Ethiopia’s healthcare delivery remained low, owing to the country’s underdeveloped healthcare finance system. As a result, the present study assessed CBHIS coverage and its predictors in Ethiopia at the individual and community level.Methods: The availability of CBHIS was checked via a criterion: at least one of the cluster respondents had to be enrolled in CBHIS. This study was based on secondary data from the Ethiopia Mini Demography and Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019 and included 7724 respondents. The study population was described using percentage and frequency. Four multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression modelling stages were performed to control for variations due to heterogeneity across clusters, and determinant predictors of CBHIS enrollment were outplayed.Results: The prevalence of CBHIS enrollment in Ethiopia was 33.13%. Rural residents were 3.218 times (AOR = 3.218; 95% CI: 1.521, 6.809), male household heads were 1.574 times (AOR = 1.574, 95% CI: 1.105, 2.241), getting funds from the safety net program were times 2.062 (AOR = 2.062, 95% CI: 1.297, 3.279), attending the primary educational level was 1.686 times (AOR = 1.686, 95% CI: 1.007, 2.821), bank accounts were 1.373 times (AOR = 1.373, 95% CI: 1.052, 1.792), and wealth index was 1.356 times (AOR = 1.356, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.838) more likely associated with CBHIS coverage, whereas the regions, the other religions, and women aged 20– 24 had lower odds of CBHIS coverage.Conclusion: In Ethiopia, regional healthcare expenditure per capital, religious affiliation, women age range, residents, sex of household head, funds from the safety net program, formal educational level, and having bank accounts were associated with community-based health insurance scheme coverage.Keywords: community-based, health insurance, Ethiopia, EMDHS-2019, multilevel

Cleanliness is an inseparable part that is the obligation of every individual for survival; in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, stakeholders have prepared policies in the health sector so that people get their right to live healthily. This study intends to evaluate the role of the government in managing sanitation programs during the COVID-19 pandemic, where policies previously needed to formulate solid policies. This research method uses a literature study where data analysis uses relevant secondary data so that it can be analyzed in depth using the concept of the policy implementation process. The results show that in the sanitation program during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government's role in setting agendas must refer to existing problems in the form of community group routines. Furthermore, the government's policy formulation must take a community-based approach that provides insight into the importance of sanitation program involvement and legitimacy. Finally, an evaluation of government policies must make breakthroughs and program initiations in each regional stakeholder by prioritizing innovations that can happen by the Indonesian people.

IntroductionParent-mediated approaches for young children with or with a higher likelihood of autism have gained traction, with mounting evidence of efficacy, but a research-to-gap practice exists, and community effectiveness remains to be firmly established.MethodsUsing a community-participatory framework, a total of 10 parent-child dyads received a five-day workshop and six follow-up sessions of ESDM parent coaching. Intervention was implemented across two phases with in-person and telehealth delivery.ResultsFrom pre to post intervention across both phases, parents improved in their fidelity of intervention implementation and children maid gains on proximal measures of social communication.DiscussionCommunity delivery of an evidence-based parent-mediated interventions for toddlers on the autism spectrum is feasible and promising. Giving resource efficiencies associated with parent-mediated approaches, particularly when delivered through government-funded programs, findings bolster current efforts to promote earlier and more widespread community access to necessary interventions. Facilitators and barriers to supporting parent learning and behavior change via interactive strategies are discussed.

Suicide is a significant public health issue in Canada, with rural areas and young people experiencing a higher incidence of suicides. To address this issue, the Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC) developed Roots of Hope, a community-led suicide prevention model with five pillars and 13 guiding principles. The model is flexible and tailored to meet specific community needs, and an initial research demonstration project has shown promising results. The ongoing implementation of Roots of Hope has the potential to significantly impact suicide prevention efforts throughout Canada. The model aligns with the MHCC’s mission of empowering communities to develop and implement their own solutions and exchange best practices. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgency of suicide prevention and the need for resources specifically designed to meet community needs. The positive outcomes of Roots of Hope offer the potential to make a meaningful impact on the lives of Canadians.

Background: Children and adolescents with serious conditions may benefit from simultaneous hospice and palliative care. Although the Affordable Care Act covers concurrent care, uptake has been limited. Limited descriptive data exist on receiving simultaneous community hospice and pediatric palliative care. Objective: Characterize a population of children and adolescents receiving simultaneous pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care (HBHPC). Design/Setting/Subjects:Post hoc analysis of retrospective study of N = 31 patients enrolled in pediatric HBHPC, with comparison to larger two-site sample receiving either hospice or palliative care at home. Measurement: Demographic and clinical data extracted from the electronic medical record. Results: Data characterizing the population receiving simultaneous care are presented; compared with those receiving either hospice or palliative care at home, the only significant differences were a greater proportion of decedent children and greater billable hours. Conclusions: Findings support the lack of meaningful distinction between hospice and palliative care in pediatrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based research, which involves working alongside communities, is being increasingly implemented. This paper outlines a protocol developed to explore the impact of involvement by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander researchers and life coaches in a community-based project on their aspirations and wellbeing. The proposed study will implement a mixed-methods longitudinal design, including peer researchers, life coaches and staff at Aboriginal Housing Victoria (AHV). Peer researchers and life coaches will participate in a survey and interview at baseline and 6 months. The survey and interview will capture participants' wellbeing, aspirations, and resilience. AHV staff will participate in an interview to explore their opinions regarding the project and its impact on the broader community at baseline and 6 months. This study will contribute to the literature, which advocates for Indigenous Peoples' genuine and authentic inclusion in research. An expected outcome of the research is that it will enhance our understanding of the goals and aspirations among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples working within the space of community-based research. In doing so, policy can focus on adhering to these goals and aspirations, thereby promoting self-determination among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the "new public participation movement," participatory budgeting is a systematic attempt to ameliorate institutionalized inequality, inequity, and injustice by enhancing how democracy works and expanding who participates genuinely. This commitment to more democratic, inclusive decision-making is important for empowering communities who have been subject to marginalization and exploitation. However, participatory budgeting must be implemented as community-based work if local participation in shaping government policies, programming, and funding priorities is to be considered a legitimate and trusted process. This article examines participation within the framework of community-based philosophy and epistemology. Guidelines are provided for how participatory budgeting facilitators should approach communities with a genuine sense of humility and openness. This dynamic requires facilitators to form collaborative, dialogical relationships with communities and allows local knowledge to inform and drive the budgeting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational therapy services to youth with trauma experiences and mental health challenges may follow unique practice concepts that deserve to be explored and illuminated. The study aimed to explore and identify shared concepts that have been guiding the occupational therapy practice of a community-based program serving the youth population. Method: The qualitative study analyzed data from transcripts of one-on-one interviews with occupational therapists who serve youth clients in the community-based program. Using a grounded theory qualitative approach, the analysis aimed to highlight unique concepts that the occupational therapists employed in their day-to-day practice with youth who experience trauma and mental health challenges. Results: Twenty-five interview transcripts were analyzed and four major themes emerged from the analysis: trauma lens, practicing attentive empathy, complex development mindset, and therapeutic unstructured structure. Discussion: The interview data and emerged themes illuminated three interrelated concepts, which guide the occupational therapy practice of a community-based program serving youth with psychosocial challenges: the therapists' cultivation of intellectual humility, a sense of shared humanity with their clients, and the skillful accommodation of clients' personal and environmental contexts to promote engagement in occupation. Fidelity to these concepts during client-led occupational exploration supported youth expressions of positive identity, social connection, and valued occupational competencies, and is an approach worthy of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community-based monitoring (CBM) is a widely used form of scientific data collection in which local community members directly participate in ecosystem research and also help the process by sharing traditional ecological knowledge and local understanding of land and resources. This paper presents a review of the challenges and opportunities associated with CBM projects in Canada and internationally. While Canadian cases are the primary focus, international examples are drawn on to provide additional context. Based on our review of 121 documents and publications, we found that CBM helps fill science research gaps by providing access to continuous data sets on the ecosystems being studied. CBM also increases the credibility of the data among users, as the community itself takes part in the environmental monitoring process. CBM supports cross-cultural learning and the co-production of knowledge by using traditional ecological knowledge with science, thereby enabling researchers, scientists and community members to learn from one another. Our review suggests that although there are multiple successes, CBM faces several challenges that constrain its progress including funding shortages, lack of support for local stewardship, and inadequate training for local users in the operation of equipment and data collection methods. Data sharing and rights on the use of data are also constraining to the long-term success of CBM programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the decline in under-five mortality by over 60% in the last three decades, majority of child mortality is still attributable to communicable and infectious diseases that are not only preventable, but they are also treatable. We evaluated the potential impact of a participatory community engagement and innovative community incentivization (C3I) strategy for improving the coverage of child health interventions in a rural setting in Pakistan. We first undertook formative research to assess community knowledge and the likelihood of collective community strategy and conditional incentives for improving existing preventive and care-seeking practices for childhood diarrhea and pneumonia. We developed options for community incentivization and improving group practices, taking local norms and customs into account in the design of the community mobilization strategies and messages. These interventions were then formally evaluated prospectively in a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Clusters were randomly assigned by a computer algorithm using restricted randomization by an external statistician (1:1:1) into three groups: community mobilization and incentivization (CMI); community mobilization only using an enhanced communication package (CM); and control group. The C3I was an innovative strategy as it involved serial incremental targets of collective improvement in community behavior related to improvement in the coverage of a composite indicator of fully immunized children (FIC), oral rehydration salt (ORS), and the sanitation index (SI). The evaluation was done by an independent data collection and analysis team at baseline and end line (after 24 months). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential to manage genetic resources, especially in local livestock breeds, to establish an equilibrium among livestock, humans, and the environment for sustainable development in conservation. Genetic resource management is necessary to overcome challenges to increasing productivity while ensuring environmental sustainability and climate resilience. Attempts to overcome these challenges have led to the threat of genetic erosion through uncontrolled crossbreeding, particularly threatening the hybrid vigor of indigenous breeds, such as Indonesian Ongole cattle. Considering community-based breeding as a viable management strategy for systematic livestock breeding, this study aimed to design a community-based breeding program for Indonesian Ongole cattle. The profile of socio-ecological community and genetic resources were studied using a purposive random sampling technique within an effective population size as a case study; both the respondents and the objects of the study were investigated. The study revealed that indigenous knowledge and livelihood-supported institutions are crucial to genetic resource management practices in cattle breeding. These factors are shown to be strategic priorities when designing community-based breeding programs. This approach to design empowers local cooperatives to operate a community-based breeding program for Indonesian Ongole cattle by standardizing an integrated system for selecting incentive initiatives using big data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the adverse influence of structural racism and discrimination experienced by historically marginalized communities (e.g., Black, Latino/a/x, Indigenous, and transgender people). Structural racism contributes to trauma-induced health behaviors, increasing exposure to COVID-19 and restricting access to testing and vaccination. This intersection of multiple disadvantages has a negative impact on the mental health of these communities, and interventions addressing collective healing are needed in general and in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The S hare, T rust, O rganize, and P artner COVID-19 California Alliance (STOP COVID-19 CA), a statewide collaborative of 11 universities and 75 community partners, includes several workgroups to address gaps in COVID-19 information, vaccine trial participation, and access. One of these workgroups, the Vaccine Hesitancy Workgroup, adopted an anti-racist community-partnered praxis to implement restorative circles in historically marginalized communities to facilitate collective healing due to structural racism and the COVID-19 pandemic. The project resulted in the development of a multilevel pre-intervention restorative process to build or strengthen community–institutional partnerships when procurement of funds has been sought prior to community partnership. This article discusses this workgroup's role in advancing health justice by providing a community-based mental health intervention to marginalized communities in Southern California while using an antiracist praxis tool to develop a successful community–institutional partnership and to live up to the vision of community-based participatory research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of access to culturally safe and individualized cancer survivorship care and awareness of the unique challenges and strengths that Indigenous persons living with cancer (PLCs) face. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of First Nations and Métis PLCs across Canada. From 2014 to 2016, we engaged 87 participants who were either PLCs or caregivers (CGs) from five communities across Canada—Gitxsan and Kenora, British Columbia; Ottawa, Ontario; and Akwesasne and Kahnawake, Quebec—using participatory arts-based methods. Following the thematic analysis of participants' photographs, journal entries, and stories, we created a video exploring the themes of spirituality and ceremony, finding strength together, the land and nature, creating and sharing, and navigating health care. Participants' feedback on the video supports the use of video as a knowledge translation tool that may promote meaningful dialogue around the cancer experiences of Indigenous peoples in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• What is the primary question addressed by this study? We investigated the effects of a 9-month community-based multidomain intervention of mindfulness meditation, cognitive training, exercise, and nutrition counseling on improving cognition compared to controls for Chinese older adults having risks of cognitive decline. • What is the main finding of this study? Multidomain intervention had immediate benefits on improving cognitive performance measured by objective assessments and subjective cognitive abilities relative to the control, and the benefits on subjective cognitive abilities were retained for 1 year after the completion of the intervention. • What is the meaning of the finding? Multidomain intervention that targeted multiple predictors of cognitive decline can have immediate benefits on improving cognitive performance for older adults at risk of cognitive decline. Long-term effects on cognition and individual differences in response to the intervention deserve further investigation. We sought to assess cognitive benefits of a community-based multidomain intervention for improving cognition among older adults at risk of cognitive decline (COMBAT). A two-armed cluster-randomized controlled trial. Community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older and were at risk of cognitive decline (n = 209). In this 9-month intervention study, 10 community hospitals in Beijing, China, were randomized (1:1) to receive either a multidomain intervention of meditation, cognitive training, exercise, and nutrition counseling or usual care. The intervention was delivered with weekly 1-hour group training sessions and weekly home homework. Primary outcome was change in cognition as measured by a composite Z score of seven cognitive tests. Secondary outcomes included subjective cognitive abilities, positive and negative affective experiences, physical activity, and dietary habits. Assessments were administered at baseline, end of the intervention, and 1 year after completing the intervention (1-year follow-up). Immediately after the intervention, the intervention group showed significant enhancement in cognitive performance (p = 0.026). The between-group difference in the Z score of change of cognition was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.053, 0.35), with a Hedges' g of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.50). However, this cognitive benefit was not significant at 1-year follow-up. This multidomain intervention was effective to improve cognition for at-risk individuals. Long-term effects on cognitive function and individual differences in response to the intervention deserve further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have described an association between single time point calf circumference (CC) and mortality. Evidence of associations between CC change and mortality is lacking. We aimed to determine the relationship between the CC change over time and all-cause mortality. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 906 participants in the 2014–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze associations between the relative CC change (exposure) and all-cause mortality (primary outcome). When there was evidence of non-linearity, a piecewise Cox regression model was next fitted, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours, health status and baseline CC. The mean (SD) age was 83.8 (12.2) years old, and 50.2% (455/906) of participants were male. We observed a U-shaped association between the relative CC change (%) and all-cause mortality (P for non-linearity <0.001). Participants with stable CC over time had the lowest risk of death. After adjusting for covariates, when CC decreased over time, the hazard ratio per 10% higher in CC change was 1.32 (1.01–1.69). When CC increased over time, the hazard ratio per 10% higher in CC change was 1.35 (1.10–1.66). Stable CC over time was associated with the lowest mortality risk. Our findings indicate the practical significance of monitoring CC change in older adult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the effect of a mental health Narrative Community-Based Group Therapy (NCGT) in Afro-Colombian violence survivors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Buenaventura and Quibdó, Colombia. Afro-Colombian adults (n=521) were randomly allocated to a NCGT (n1=175), a wait-control group (n2=171) or a Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA, n3=175). The CETA was described separately given conceptual/methodological differences. Lay psychosocial community workers delivered the NCGT. Symptoms were assessed before and after intervention/wait with culturally adapted mental health symptoms and gender-specific functionality scales. Intent to treat analysis and mean difference of differences were used for comparisons. In Buenaventura, a significant reduction in functional impairment (mean difference: −0.30, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: −0.55, -0.05) and depression (mean difference: −0.24, 95% CI: −0.42, −0.07) were found, with small and moderate effect size, respectively. In Quibdó, functionality improved significantly (mean difference: −0.29, 95% CI: −0.54, −0.04, small effect size). Even though differences in depression and anxiety were not significant, there were reductions in symptoms. The NCGT is effective in improving daily functioning among violence victims in the Colombian Pacific and has the potential to reduce symptoms of depression. Further exploration is required to understand the effects of a narrative group therapy for mental health in Afro-Colombian populations. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01856673 () [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Despite established screening guidelines, many Asian immigrants remain unscreened. Furthermore, those with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are not linked to care citing multiple barriers. The objective of this study was to determine the role of our community‐based hepatitis B virus (HBV) campaign on HBV screening and the success of linkage to care (LTC) efforts. Methods: Asian immigrants from the New Jersey and New York metropolitan areas were screened for HBV from 2009 to 2019. We started to collect LTC data starting in 2015, and those found to be positive were followed up. In 2017, because of low LTC rates, nurse navigators were hired to aid in the LTC process. Those excluded from the LTC process included those who were already linked to care, declined, and/or had moved or passed away. Results: Total of 13,566 participants were screened from 2009 to 2019, of which, the results for 13,466 were available. Of these, 372 (2.7%) were found to have positive HBV status. Approximately 49.3% were female and 50.1% were male, and the rest were of unknown gender. A total of 1191 (10.0%) participants were found to be HBV negative but required vaccination. When we started to track LTC, we found 195 participants that were eligible for LTC between 2015 and 2017 after the exclusion criteria were applied. It was found that only 33.8% were successfully linked to care in that time period. After hiring nurse navigators, we saw LTC rates increase to 85.7% in 2018 and to 89.7% in 2019. Conclusion: HBV community screening initiatives are imperative to increase screening rates in the Asian immigrant population. We were also able to demonstrate that nurse navigators can successfully help increase LTC rates. Our HBV community screening model can address issues with barriers to care including lack of access in comparable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the limits to participation in community-based approaches (CBAs) for rock art heritage management. The construction of a tourism development project at a rock art site (Wildebeest Kuil, Kimberley, South Africa) in 2001 involved two San communities in order to provide economic and cultural support. Based on the assumption that CBAs are closely linked to participation issues, which are themselves linked to past inequalities, this article analyses the multiple obstacles to community participation despite the goodwill of managers and highlights the limits of CBAs from a critical analytical perspective. To do so, we build on qualitative data from field observations and semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders. Hence, by drawing a conceptualized framework from the Wildebeest Kuil example in CBAs for heritage management, we suggest focusing on the conditions that CBAs impose on the community participation that justify them. Finally, this article draws lines toward a sustainable perspective between CBAs and community participation, and may be transferred to other case studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the sustained impact of community‐based family planning (FP) interventions on current modern contraceptive and long‐acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) use among married adolescent girls in rural Niger. Methods: We used a cluster randomized controlled trial design following married adolescent girls and their husbands over 3 years. Villages were randomized to one of four arms: household visits, small group discussions, combined intervention, or control. For 1.5 years, couples were exposed to one intervention activity per month and 1.5 years after implementation ended, we used a multi‐level mixed effects logistic regression model to evaluate changes in key FP outcomes. Results: We analyzed survey data from 404 married adolescent girls with data at baseline and endline. Small group discussions (+35.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 7.94, P < 0.001) and the combined intervention (+17.9%: aOR 4.53, P = 0.005) led to statistically significant increases in the odds of using modern contraceptives at endline compared with the control. The combined intervention (+14.2%; aOR 7.98, P < 0.001) and home visits (+12.6%; aOR 8.09, P < 0.001) led to statistically significant increases in odds of using LARC methods at endline compared with the control. Increase in LARC use was driven by implant use across all intervention groups. Conclusion: This study contributes to the empirical evidence base on the sustained impact of community‐based interventions on increases in FP use among married adolescent girls in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Synopsis: Community‐based family planning interventions were associated with increased modern contraceptive and LARC use among married adolescent girls in rural Niger compared with a control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic life events experienced by immigrant-refugee children and youth may deteriorate their mental health and well-being. It is a public health priority to develop appropriate mental health interventions for this population. To understand the psychosocial needs of immigrant-refugee children and youth resettled in Canada in the context of their school and community and to identify the characteristics of school-/community-based mental health programs for this group. Arksey and O'Malley's methodology for scoping reviews was used to select the studies based on criteria, extract data in a table, and synthesize main findings. Fifteen peer-reviewed articles and five grey literature were identified. Key findings show that collaboration between schools, communities, and families play a crucial role in developing and implementing comprehensive mental health interventions for immigrant-refugee children/youth. Involving cultural brokers/interpreters and racially diverse school teachers/staff, is important to establish a trustful relationship between school authorities and marginalized population. Further research is needed to examine the impact of collaborative mental healthcare among multiracial and newcomer families in Canada. Furthermore, there is a need to study the impact of adopting creative expression programs at schools/communities to improve emotional/behavioural problems and enhance school performance of these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary goal of this article is to present an evaluation of a UK-based city-wide physical activity pathway for patients with a cancer diagnosis, the Active Everyday service. Active Everyday was a co-produced physical activity service for people affected by cancer. The service was underpinned by a behaviour change care pathway model developed by Macmillan Cancer Support charity. Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation assessing physical activity levels and changes to outcome measures (fatigue, perceived health, and self-efficacy) over 6 months. Each participant self-reported their levels of physical activity for the previous 7 days at three-time points: baseline (T1), at 12-week exit from the scheme (T2), and at 6-month follow-up (T3). Results: The Active Everyday service received 395 referrals, of which 252 attended a baseline assessment. Participants’ fatigue and self-efficacy improved between T1 and T2 and T1 and T3. Perceived health improved across all time points. Participant exercise levels showed significant differences between T1 and T2. Conclusion: The service, provided over 3 years, resulted in positive health and wellbeing outcomes in people affected by cancer who engaged in the service. Future services must routinely include exercise referrals/prescriptions as a standard part of care to help engage inactive individuals. Services should focus on targeted promotion to people from ethnic minority groups, and a wide socioeconomic population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, 2020, and 2021, Sendero Health Plans, an ACA health insurance company, implemented Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) health education and outreach screening campaigns. Chi-square goodness-of-fit and tests of independence were performed to assess and compare the uptake of HCV screening among baby boomers in 2019, 2020, and 2021. In 2019, 2020, and 2021, 17.9% (308/1,718), 10.9% (93/852), and 8.5% (37/435) of eligible members were screened, respectively. Individuals were more likely to be screened for HCV in 2019 than in 2020 and 2021 (p < 0.0001). In 2019, 2020, and 2021, 39.9%, 26.9%, and 48.6% of annual screenings occurred during the health campaign months, respectively. Annual HCV screening rates were lower during the COVID-19 pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic cohort. However, screening rates during the months of outreach and education contributed to nearly 50% of annual screenings in the pandemic year 2021, thus representing a positive impact on preventive screening uptake despite the pandemic. Missed screening opportunities affect HCV transmission, diagnosis, and treatment. Yet, health education and outreach continue to work, even during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a major public health risk requiring targeted suicide prevention interventions. The principles of co‐production are compatible with tailoring suicide prevention interventions to meet an individual's needs. Aims: This review aimed to evaluate the role and effectiveness of co‐produced community‐based suicide prevention interventions among adults. Methods: Four electronic databases (PsycInfo, CINAHL, MEDLINE and web of science) were systematically searched. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: From 590 papers identified through searches, 14 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most included studies elicited the views and perspectives of stakeholders in a process of co‐design/co‐creation of community‐based suicide prevention interventions. Conclusion: Stakeholder involvement in the creation of community‐based suicide prevention interventions may improve engagement and give voice to those experiencing suicidal crisis. However, there is limited evaluation extending beyond the design of these interventions. Further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of co‐produced community‐based suicide prevention interventions. Patient and Public Involvement: This paper is a systematic review and did not directly involve patients and/or the public. However, the findings incorporate the views and perspectives of stakeholders as reported within the studies included in this review, and the findings may inform the future involvement of stakeholders in the design, development and delivery of community‐based suicide prevention interventions for adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young people experience high rates of mental health challenges, which have been exacerbated by the pandemic, particularly for those from underserved communities and communities of color. The Mindful Mentors program demonstrated that delivery of a mindfulness-based curriculum provided by university students to school-aged children is feasible and mutually beneficial. Benefits for university student mentors included team building, increased self-awareness, and developing effective skills for dealing with stress. The pilot program highlighted specific challenges and areas for improvement related to the delivery of mindfulness curriculum to younger children. Recommendations for future implementation include the need for curriculum tailored for specific grade levels and ensuring buy-in and engagement from teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]