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Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1341874%5DMICH-V-1341874, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1341874/MICH-V-1341874/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1188162%5DMICH-V-1188162, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1188162/MICH-V-1188162/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demon-strated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded. An investigation of the distribution of colchicine within the expanded Colchicaceae is conducted to evaluate the potential of colchicine as a synapomorphy of the re-circumscribed family. The results demonstrate presence of colchicine in all genera previously not examined in Colchicaceae and in the genus Burchardia, earlier reported to lack colchicine. Hence, demonstrating colchicine to be a synapomorphy for the family. An attempt to date the phylogeny of the order Liliales together with a dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis indicates that the split between Colchicaceae and Alstromeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae represents a vicariance event following the disintegration of the Australian-Antarctican-South American link, ~34 million years ago. Further, the DIVA analysis indicates that Colchicaceae originated in Australia, first reached Asia and North America, and later Africa, from where they expanded to Europe and also dispersed back to Australia.

This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demon-strated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded. An investigation of the distribution of colchicine within the expanded Colchicaceae is conducted to evaluate the potential of colchicine as a synapomorphy of the re-circumscribed family. The results demonstrate presence of colchicine in all genera previously not examined in Colchicaceae and in the genus Burchardia, earlier reported to lack colchicine. Hence, demonstrating colchicine to be a synapomorphy for the family. An attempt to date the phylogeny of the order Liliales together with a dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis indicates that the split between Colchicaceae and Alstromeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae represents a vicariance event following the disintegration of the Australian-Antarctican-South American link, ~34 million years ago. Further, the DIVA analysis indicates that Colchicaceae originated in Australia, first reached Asia and North America, and later Africa, from where they expanded to Europe and also dispersed back to Australia.

This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demon-strated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded. An investigation of the distribution of colchicine within the expanded Colchicaceae is conducted to evaluate the potential of colchicine as a synapomorphy of the re-circumscribed family. The results demonstrate presence of colchicine in all genera previously not examined in Colchicaceae and in the genus Burchardia, earlier reported to lack colchicine. Hence, demonstrating colchicine to be a synapomorphy for the family. An attempt to date the phylogeny of the order Liliales together with a dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis indicates that the split between Colchicaceae and Alstromeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae represents a vicariance event following the disintegration of the Australian-Antarctican-South American link, ~34 million years ago. Further, the DIVA analysis indicates that Colchicaceae originated in Australia, first reached Asia and North America, and later Africa, from where they expanded to Europe and also dispersed back to Australia.

[EN] Morphologicai and anatomical leaf studies were made in 32 populations belonging to 17 laxa of the genus Androcymbium in Southwest Africa. The morphological characters studied were corm and tunic characteristics, and number, distribution, shape, size, section, and color of leaves and bracts. The micromorphological characters were the leaf indument on both surface and margin, shape and size of epidermic cells, type md amount of stomata. Finally, the anatomical characters were mesophyll cell types, epidermic cell sizes, cellular wall types, size of central epidermic cells related to the other epidermic cells, and amount of idioblasts. The results showed a great heterogeneity in almost all characters analyzed. However, macromorphological characteristics related to color and shape of leaves and braets in the genus Androcymbium could be used as indicators of taxonomic afinities among species. Conversely, the micromorphological and anatomical characteristics studied showed a great variation of types that does not agree with the interspecific relationships established from morphological, allozymatic or cpDNA RFLP data in other research carried out within the genus., [ES] Se realizaron estudios morfológicos y anatómicos de las partes vegetativas en 32 poblaciones pertenecientes a 17 taxones del género Androcymbium en Suráfrica Occidental. Los caracteres morfológicos estudiados fueron las características del cormo y de las túnicas. y número. distribución. forma, tamaño. sección. y color de las hojas y brácteas. Los caracteres micromorfológicos estudiados fueron el indumento en la superficie y margen de la hoja. forma y tamaño de las células epidérmicas, y tipo y cantidad de estomas. Finalmente. los caracteres anatómicos fueron el tipo de células del mesofilo, tamaño de las células epidérmicas, tipo de pared celular, tamaño de las células epidérmicas centrales comparado con el resto de células de la lámina y cantidad de idioblastos. Los resultados mostraron una gran heterogeneidad en la mayoría de los caracteres analizados. A pesar de ello, algunas características macromorfológicas relacionadas con el color y forma de las hojas y braceas en el género Androcymbium. podrían ser utilizadas como indicadores taxonómicos de afinidades entre especies. Contrariamente, las características micromorfológicas y anatómicas estudiadas mostraron una gran variedad de formas que no se ajustan a las relaciones entre especies establecidas previamente a partir de datos de morfología, aloenzimas o RFLPs del cpDNA.

This thesis concerns the history and the intrafamilial delimitations of the plant family Colchicaceae. A phylogeny of 73 taxa representing all genera of Colchicaceae, except the monotypic Kuntheria, is presented. The molecular analysis based on three plastid regions—the rps16 intron, the atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer, and the trnL-F region—reveal the intrafamilial classification to be in need of revision. The two tribes Iphigenieae and Uvularieae are demon-strated to be paraphyletic. The well-known genus Colchicum is shown to be nested within Androcymbium, Onixotis constitutes a grade between Neodregea and Wurmbea, and Gloriosa is intermixed with species of Littonia. Two new tribes are described, Burchardieae and Tripladenieae, and the two tribes Colchiceae and Uvularieae are emended, leaving four tribes in the family. At generic level new combinations are made in Wurmbea and Gloriosa in order to render them monophyletic. The genus Androcymbium is paraphyletic in relation to Colchicum and the latter genus is therefore expanded. An investigation of the distribution of colchicine within the expanded Colchicaceae is conducted to evaluate the potential of colchicine as a synapomorphy of the re-circumscribed family. The results demonstrate presence of colchicine in all genera previously not examined in Colchicaceae and in the genus Burchardia, earlier reported to lack colchicine. Hence, demonstrating colchicine to be a synapomorphy for the family. An attempt to date the phylogeny of the order Liliales together with a dispersal-vicariance (DIVA) analysis indicates that the split between Colchicaceae and Alstromeriaceae-Luzuriagaceae represents a vicariance event following the disintegration of the Australian-Antarctican-South American link, ~34 million years ago. Further, the DIVA analysis indicates that Colchicaceae originated in Australia, first reached Asia and North America, and later Africa, from where they expanded to Europe and also dispersed back to Australia.

We characterized reproductive biology traits in 32 populations belonging to 17 western southern African taxa of the genus Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) using artificial pollination experiments conducted under homogeneous environmental conditions in a greenhouse. The species surveyed displayed differences in phenological periods between emergence, flowering and senescence. We observed three types of vegetative reproduction that give rise to (1) globose corms, (2) compressed corms, and (3) a dichotomous underground networking of corms that, unlike (1) and (2), entails the elongation of the stem. Seed germination was low in most of the populations. The artificial pollination experiments allowed us to recognize three reproductive systems: self-incompatible, preferentially self-incompatible and self-compatible. In most cases, the reproductive system inferred from the artificial pollination experiments disagreed with the classification according to the P/O ratio. The variability observed in nectar characteristics (odour, amount and moment of the day of nectar production) suggests different pollinators for the taxa surveyed. Based on these data, we inferred three reproductive strategies in Androcymbium that assure both species' survival and the maintenance of levels of genetic variability: (1) preferential selfincompatibility associated with morphological traits that favour the attraction of pollinators; (2) preferential self-incompatibility with high levels of vegetative reproduction; and (3) self-compatibility with high levels of seed production., Se estudiaron diversos aspectos de la biología reproductiva en 32 poblaciones pertenecientes a 17 taxones del género Androcymbium (Colchicaceae) de la región Occidental de Suráfrica usando experimentos de polinización artificial realizados en invernaderos bajo condiciones ambientales homogéneas. Las especies estudiadas mostraron diferencias en los períodos fenológicos entre la emergencia, la floración y la senescencia. Se observaron tres tipos de reproducción vegetativa que dan lugar a (1) cormos globosos, (2) cormos comprimidos, y (3) una red dicótoma subterránea de cormos que, a diferencia de (1) y (2), provoca el alargamiento del tallo. La tasa de germinación fue baja en la mayoría de las poblaciones. Los experimentos de polinización artificial permitieron reconocer tres sistemas reproductivos: auto-incompatible, preferentemente autoincompatible y autocompatible. En la mayoría de los casos, el sistema de reproducción derivado de los experimentos de polinización artificial no se ajustó a la clasificación según el cociente P/O. La variabilidad observada en las características del néctar (olor, cantidad y momento del día de producción de néctar) sugieren polinizadores diferentes para los taxones estudiados. En base a estos datos, se deducen tres estrategias reproductivas en Androcymbium que aseguran a la vez la supervivencia de las especies y el mantenimiento de los niveles de variabilidad genética: (1) preferentemente autoincompatible con características morfológicas que favorecen la atracción de polinizadores; (2) preferentemente autoincompatible con una tasa alta de reproducción vegetativa; y (3) autocompatible con altos niveles de producción de semillas.

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1341074%5DMICH-V-1341074, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1341074/MICH-V-1341074/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1341076%5DMICH-V-1341076, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1341076/MICH-V-1341076/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1341075%5DMICH-V-1341075, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1341075/MICH-V-1341075/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1561909%5DMICH-V-1561909, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1561909/MICH-V-1561909/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339219%5DMICH-V-1339219, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339219/MICH-V-1339219/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339096%5DMICH-V-1339096, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339096/MICH-V-1339096/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339158%5DMICH-V-1339158, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339158/MICH-V-1339158/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339120%5DMICH-V-1339120, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339120/MICH-V-1339120/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339220%5DMICH-V-1339220, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339220/MICH-V-1339220/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339176%5DMICH-V-1339176, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339176/MICH-V-1339176/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339157%5DMICH-V-1339157, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339157/MICH-V-1339157/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339166%5DMICH-V-1339166, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339166/MICH-V-1339166/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339121%5DMICH-V-1339121, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339121/MICH-V-1339121/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339237%5DMICH-V-1339237, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339237/MICH-V-1339237/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1341078%5DMICH-V-1341078, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1341078/MICH-V-1341078/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1341077%5DMICH-V-1341077, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1341077/MICH-V-1341077/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339125%5DMICH-V-1339125, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339125/MICH-V-1339125/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339123%5DMICH-V-1339123, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339123/MICH-V-1339123/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339221%5DMICH-V-1339221, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339221/MICH-V-1339221/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339133%5DMICH-V-1339133, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339133/MICH-V-1339133/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339165%5DMICH-V-1339165, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339165/MICH-V-1339165/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1339167%5DMICH-V-1339167, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1339167/MICH-V-1339167/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy