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Introduction. The article presents the result of the diachronical research of HAPPINESS concept nominative field. The research was conducted on the basis of English explanatory dictionaries and texts of corpus databases, using the methods of corpus linguistics. The relevance of the research is due to the insufficient development of the theoretical foundations for studying the evolution of nominations and components of the concept under study, and the development of corpus linguistics as one of the most relevant ways of studying concepts.Methodology and sources. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is formed by cognitive linguistics studies by N.N. Boldyrev, Y.S. Stepanov, E.S. Kubryakova, E.A. Nielsen, Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin; conceptology studies, in particular, emotional concepts, and emotiology studies by N.A. Krasavsky, V.I. Shakhovsky and O.E. Filimonova. The empirical material of the study is based on the texts of English corpus databases, as well as articles of English explanatory and etymological dictionaries.Results and discussion. Based on the method of constructing the nominative field described by Popova and Sternin and using the material of English explanatory dictionaries for the Middle and Modern English, the core of HAPPINESS concept is revealed. Based on the texts of English corpus databases, using corpus linguistics methods, as well as the collocation search model compiled by the author, the concept’s nominative field’s peripheral components are identified. Based on the analysis, the proposed changes in the composition of the nominative field of the concept in diachrony are revealed.Conclusion. In conclusion, the results of the analysis of the nominative field of HAPPINESS concept are presented, and the provisions on the nature of the development of the concept in diachrony are put forward.

Introduction. The article considers the issue of integral approach towards the study of a new form of discourse – voice message (VM), which possesses its social and communicative features. The topic is of particular interest to linguists and humanity studies’ scientists, since an efficient interdisciplinary approach in research is an actual issue. The nature of voice messaging is at the intersection of the interests of sociology, cognitive science, axiology and linguistics, so the use of the integral approach allows us to fully study this discursive phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the integral approach in discourse studies has been poorly studied, and in the absence of deep studies of the voice messaging.Methodology and sources. To study the voice messaging in line with integral approach, a linguistic modeling method is used to create the integral model based on K. Wilber’s idea of AQAL (all quadrants all levels). Discursive analysis and the sociological survey method are used to describe the nature of the voice message. Using the categorical method of “formal- logical definition of the concept”, a definition of a voice message is given.Results and discussion. The use of the integral approach made it possible to create an integral model of voice communication, consisting of 4 sectors: social, cognitive, cultural and linguistic. Each sector presents a series of qualitative findings that help determine the place and role of this communicative phenomenon in the modern paradigm.Conclusion. The social sector presents the VM as a popular form of communication among people of different ages, genders and occupations, compensating for the shortcomings of modern live communication due to the dynamism of life. From the point of view of cultural studies, the communication of the VM suggests that the modern Russian person treats time as an exhaustible valuable resource; Russian-speaking culture becomes individualistic and focuses on the speaker; society values spirituality and the ability to reflect. The daily communication via VM consists of the genre repertoire, which has a high degree of emotionality: explanation, story, heart-to-heart conversation, expression of empathy, request, apology and gratitude. The cognitive sector has given knowledge about the most common emotions in the VM – joy, sadness and surprise.

Professionals dealing with communication and its disorders should acquaint themselves with the concepts and methods of cognitive linguistics because it permits viewing language as a multimodal communication system. This brief note is based on my own research into iconicity in language. It introduces the idea of nonarbitrary nature of language that involves less researched lexical items such as ideophones and reduplicated words. New research topics relevant for the Indian context using cognitive linguistic framework are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Routledge Handbook of Emotions in the Ancient Near East," edited by Karen Sonik and Ulrike Steinert, is a comprehensive source book that explores the field of emotion studies applied to ancient cultures of the Near East. The volume is divided into two parts: theoretical and methodological approaches, and studies of specific emotions. The book covers a wide range of topics, including the history of emotions, the embodiment of emotions in language, the role of emotions in political power, and the impact of divine emotions on human life. The contributions to the volume are well-documented, insightful, and enjoyable to read, making it a valuable resource for readers interested in this field of research. [Extracted from the article]

National anthems play a crucial role in expressing cultural identity and collective memory. Despite their significance, the study of anthems remains underexplored from cognitive, linguacultural, and discursive perspectives, particularly in the Latin American context. This study seeks to bridge this gap by undertaking a multi-modal interpretation of the Colombian national anthem, exploring its lexical and discursive elements while investigating how precedent phenomena reflect Colombian collective memory and its evolution. The study’s research questions are centred around exploring how lexical and grammatical resources, precedent phenomena, rhetorical devices, and dominant discursive elements interact within the Colombian national anthem to convey its thematic messages and reflect the evolution of Colombian collective memory. The research employs a comprehensive approach encompassing discourse analysis, stylistic analysis, linguistic-semiotic analysis, and linguacultural exploration. The method of linguacultural analysis, in particular, provides the foundation for understanding native speakers’ cognitive processes. Study results have revealed that the anthem’s discourse is characterised by contextual oppositions, metaphors, and allusions. Central concepts such as liberty, honour, devotion to the motherland, and independence form its core, while eloquent lexical choices enrich its persuasion. The results have also demonstrated that precedent phenomena of the Colombian national anthem are complex in their construction from a lexical, semantic, grammatical, rhetoric perspective and capitalise on different geographical, historical, national, regional, metaphorical, onomastic, and cultural symbols. The findings underscore the vital role of precedent phenomena in the Colombian national anthem’s composition, potentially extending to other national anthems. Integrating anthems into language courses can enhance linguistic and cultural competencies, while exploring precedent phenomena in teaching bolsters understanding of culture-specific discursive practices.

This study aims to examine the role of metaphor in the process of teaching and learning a second language (L2), more specifically, L2 Spanish. As part of one of the most popular research lines in the field of Ap-plied Linguistics, i.e., L2 teaching and learning, this research is based on a Cognitive Linguistics approach to language. It presents metaphors not as mere stylistic and rhetorical mechanisms, but as critical com-ponents of everyday language and fundamental mechanisms of conceptualization of the world (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). After providing a summary of the literature exploring the relationship between metaphor and L2 pedagogy and learning, focusing on conceptual metaphor theory and metaphorical competence, we will present the results of a case study with intermediate learners. The empirical investigation exam-ines whether their metaphoric competence is enhanced after the intervention and whether there is a rela-tionship between learners’ general metaphorical competence and linguistic competence –comprehension and production– of a complex metaphorical linguistic construction that expresses emotions.

Locative prepositions are one of the most important and widely used prepositional words of any language, which play an important role in representing human mental concepts in language. Basically, locative prepositions are one of the first prepositions that children produce in the process of learning their first language, and this is one of the most important reasons for the need to examine these letters cognitively. The aim of the present research is to investigate the polysemy of the locative preposition "between" in Persian language. To explain this polysemy, the principles of the school of cognitive linguistics and two theories of Principled Polysemy Tyler and Evans( 2001) and Image Schemas Johnson (1987) have been used. The research data were collected from the second edition of Hamshahri corpus and two dictionaries of Dehkhoda (1998) and Moien (2007). The results of the research show that the semantic network of the preposition "between" has one prototype spatial and four radial meanings. The prototype meaning of this preposition indicates the space between two things, and other meanings are placed radially around it and are expanded from it.

"Motion" is the fundamental basis of existence. Multiple scientific disciplines have examined and established this concept based on their own fields of study. Cognitive linguistics approaches this category from a philosophical-mental-linguistic perspective and investigates the process of how motion concepts are formed and transferred from the external world to the mind and from the mind to language. Talmy introduces the notion of motion verbs, categorizing languages as either verb-oriented (lexical) or satellite-framed based on the demonstrative direction of verbs. The present study employs an analytical-descriptive method to examine the translation of the novel Alfatah Al-Akhira from Arabic to Persian. The study focuses on the extent to which translators utilize verb-oriented verbs and satellite framing. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the reasons behind the differing translation choices made by different translators in terms of verb-oriented and satellite-framed translations. The findings of the current study indicate that two translators, when translating the novel Alfatah Al-Khaira, deemed satellite framing as a more appropriate template for conveying motion concepts from Arabic to Persian. Also, when the translations of these motion verbs were compared and looked at, it was found that being satellite-framed does not always mean that the idea is communicated better and more completely. However, taking into account the elements of association and substitution, as well as the verb's connection with other components of the phrase and the context of the text, is crucial to ensuring a more effective translation.Keyword: Cognitive Linguistics, Leonard Talmy, Lexicalization, Satellite Framing, Alfatah Al-Khaira.IntroductionThe initial indication of existence is "motion," making it the paramount element to be regarded in the context of both existence and transformation. The significance of this concept has led intellectuals in the realms of philosophy and cognitive science to assign considerable value to it and develop theories about it in recentyears. In the field of philosophy, Merleau-Ponty, a prominent phenomenologist, introduced the theory of "physicality of perception" and emphasized the role of motion in creating time and space. Contrary to popular belief, Merleau-Ponty does not argue that space and time must exist before motion. Instead, he posits that motion itself generates the required space and time. (Shokri, 1395: 113) Heidegger's concept of "being in the-world" can be understood as the origin of motion.Leonard Talmy, a distinguished professor of linguistics and philosophy at the University of Buffalo in New York, has developed a renowned theory in the field of cognitive linguistics. This theory, known as the "theory of motion verbs," focuses on the conversion of motion concepts into linguistic expressions. Talmy's expertise lies in the study of semantic communication, formal linguistic structures, and semantic taxonomy.Talmy's theory of lexicalization explains the transformation of different motion aspects, such as cause, manner, state, path, context, and body, from a physical state to a conceptual state and subsequently into words that become part of language. According to this theory, motion verbs fall into two categories: verb-oriented and satellite-framed. The initial category comprises basic verbs that "lexicalize" motion, while the subsequent category consists of complex verbs that incorporate satellite with the basic verb to convey certain nuances of motion notions. Consequently, we can conceptualize a continuum for action words, with lexicalization on one end and the satellite axis on the other end. The present study is centered around the translation of these verbs from Arabic to Persian, with a specific focus on analyzing the variations and commonalities in their translation within two different renditions of Nadia Murad's novel "Alfatah Al-Akhira.".The challenge in Thalami's theory lies in the fact that not all languages in the world adhere to the same pattern when it comes to verb-oriented or verb-oriented motion verbs. Some languages exhibit a greater emphasis on verbs, while others exhibit a lesser emphasis.However, as elucidated in the article, it is evident that when translating Arabic verbs into Persian, they can be rendered in either verb-oriented or satellite-framed forms.The current study is significant as it applies Thalami's theory of motor verbs to the field of translation. Furthermore, it not only compares verbs in two distinct languages but also expresses and evaluates their translation by two separate translators. Given the absence of prior studies on the intersection of translation and cognitive linguistics in the relevant areas, the significance of this analysis in the field of translation studies is considerable. Simultaneously, it is regarded as an innovative contribution to the present research.Literature ReviewSeveral studies have been conducted about the subject matter of this article. The following study findings are worth mentioning:In their 2019 research titled "Analysis of the use of the motion verb 'anzal' in the Qur'an based on Talamy's linguistic theory," Behrouzi et al. conducted an analysis of this verb and determined that it functions as a directed and dynamic verb. The medium that focuses on the disclosure of the Qur'an and the expression of kindness towards humanity is characterized by a significant level of occurrence.In their 2018 research titled "Comparison of verbs of motion in Persian and English from the Cognitive Point of View and Cognitive Category," Eslamipour and Sharafzadeh conducted a comparative analysis of verbs of motion in Persian and English. They determined that the Persian language differs from English in this aspect. The English language exhibits a greater inclination for satellite framing. In Farsi, dominant satellite refers to the state, but in English, it refers to the orientation.In their 2011 research titled "Lexicalization in Persian Verbs of Motion: A New Model," Ezekia and Sassani examined the concept and process of lexicalization in Persian verbs. They found that when analyzing the event of motion, two distinct approaches are taken. The first approach, known as the holistic approach, focuses solely on integrating the central conceptual structures within the action verb. The second approach, referred to as the partial approach, takes into account the peripheral conceptual structures, which also play a role in the integration with the action verb.Hamedi Shirvan and Sharifi looked at the category of satellite in Talamy's theory of language classification in their 2013 study, "Investigation of the Cognitive Category of the Category "Satellite" in the Event Construction of Motion Verbs in Persian Language." They found that the Persian language can be classified as both satellite-oriented and verb-oriented according to Talmy's division. This is because certain features of Persian align with satellite-oriented languages, while others resemble verb-oriented languages.In their study titled "Investigation of the Conceptualization of Motion in Persian Compound Verbs: A Cognitive Approach" (1401), Azgoli et al. examine the lexicalization of compound verbs of motion in the Persian language. They find that the components of motion and manner have a higher frequency of lexicalization. Ilkhanipour and Karimi Dostan looked at three semantic dimensions of facet in Persian facet attributes in their 2015 study called "Lexicalization of the Semantic Dimensions of Facet in Persian Facet Attributes." These dimensions are facet power, facet base, and source of order. They find that in Persian facet attributes, the three forces of obligation, possibility, and necessity are highly lexicalized.Upon further examination, it has been discovered that no research has been conducted in Iran thus far that explores the notion of thalamic verbs in translation. Therefore, the novelty of this current research lies in its focus on addressing this particular issue.Research MethodologyFor this study, we have chosen two Persian translations of the Arabic novel Al-Hattat al-Akhira. Subsequently, a selection of motion verbs has been haphazardly pulled from various sections of this text. Next, the translation of these verbs was extracted and assessed in a comparative manner by comparing two translations. Regarding the topic of discussion, an analysis has been conducted to determine whether the two translators exhibit a preference for verb-oriented or satellite-oriented translation while translating motion verbs. What are the reasons for selecting each one, and how does the meaning-development process occur in them?ConclusionThe outcome of the discussion is that, because the Persian language is satellite-oriented, there is a greater preference for using satellite-oriented verbs. The translation of verbs in the form of verb-oriented or satellite-oriented does not alter the semantic component.To address the initial question of the discussion and validate its hypothesis, it is important to note that a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the novel "Alfatah Al-Akhira." A total of 44 motion verbs were identified as the statistical population for this study. The translations of these 44 verbs were then compared in two different translations by Chobani and Nazari. It was noted that neither of the translators used the past tense for any of the 44 verbs translated in a verb-oriented form. This suggests that the employment of motion verbs in verb-oriented form is uncommon in the Persian language. Among the 44 verbs, Chobani and Nazari have translated 23 verbs into the satellite-oriented form. This observation highlights the prevalence of satellite-oriented motion verbs in the Persian language. In addition, Chobani translated ten verbs into a verb-oriented form, whereas Nazari translated them into a satellite-oriented version. However, Chobani has rendered eleven verbs in a satellite-oriented form and Nazari in a verb-oriented form, indicating a relatively equal distribution between the two translators. Consequently, it may be concluded that the two translators have deemed the form of satellite framing as a more appropriate paradigm for conveying motion principles from Arabic to Persian.Regarding the second question and supporting its hypothesis, it was found that being satellite-oriented does not always lead to a better and more complete way of expressing the idea through translation by comparing and looking at these motion verbs. Instead, it highlights the aspects of coexistence, substitution, and the verb's connection with other elements of the sentence. Furthermore, the context of the text plays a significant role in effectively conveying its meaning. Factors such as the verb's emphasis on action or activity, the verb'semphasis on the goal, origin, or journey, and the mental states of individuals inferred from the context of the text are some of the factors that impact the effective transmission of meaning. However, the verb being satellite-oriented does not imply that it is more comprehensive in terms of its meaning.

This article is devoted to substantiating the cognitive-evolutionary theory of language within the framework of cognitive linguistics. The main principle of cognitive linguistics, “explanation,” serves as the foundation for this theory. It is argued that the need for this theory arises from negative trends in modern cognitive linguistics, such as an excessive focus on studying concepts without a common understanding of the term "concept" and the substitution of the object of cognitive linguistic research with the study of thinking facilitated by language, rather than thinking itself. The article proposes a new theory for cognitive linguistics that aims to explain the mechanism by which the quality of thinking influences the quality of language. Furthermore, it seeks to determine what factors contribute to the quality of thinking and identify the reasons for differences in the development of languages, thinking, and cultures associated with languages. To support this theory, an interdisciplinarity is suggested, which involves incorporating anthropological data from various fields such as philosophy, logic, cognitive psychology, ontopsychology, ethnopsychology, psycholinguistics, neurophysiology, neurolinguistics, ontolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, and primatology. The author argues in favor of the overwhelmingly positive impact of biological and cognitive evolution. While the commonly accepted notion of thinking influencing language lacks complete proof, the article identifies perception as the cognitive structure that ensures the quality of thinking. In line with the idea that the quality of perception affects thinking, which in turn affects language, three degrees of perception are identified: syncretic, superficial, and alternative. Each degree of perception is described alongside linguistic and mental characteristics observed in great apes, children, modern primitive and ancient civilized people, as well as modern civilized people. The article concludes that differences between languages (and cultures) stem from the quality of perception regarding their developmental possibilities. As a result, the cognitive-evolutionary algorithm “perception: syncretic, superficial, or alternative → corresponding logic of thinking → corresponding logic of language (corresponding logic of culture)” is proposed.

From a cognitive linguistics viewpoint, metaphor not only is a linguistic process but also is connected with human thought and we can be aware of the speaker's method of thought with it. The main cognitive application of metaphor is to provide an understanding of an abstract concept through a more tangible concept. Then it plays a significant role in the determination of mystical concepts. One of the main and fundamental issues in religious literature is the concept of "Love" due to its abstractness, it is expressed generally at the framework of conceptual metaphor. Imam Ali has used this art structure in Nahj Al-Balagheh as a tool to understand abstract concepts. Therefore, in the current study, those metaphorical statements containing the concept of "Love" are extracted from Nahj Al-Balagheh's speeches adapting a quality approach and analytical-descriptive method and they were analyzed and studied based on cognitive metaphorical theory. The conceptual metaphor has been categorized from different aspects. Metaphors in the first category are studied from the role viewpoint (structural, ontological, and orientational), and in the second category from the nature viewpoint (propositional, pictorial-schematic, and pictorial). According to the results of this study, Imam Ali made the abstract concept of "love" understandable for the audiences at the cognitive metaphorical framework, schema, and tangible and objective areas of destination. In structural metaphors, he depicted the concept of "love" using "Hijab", "Disease", "Commodity", and "Object' as the areas of origin for the audiences. The ontological metaphors play an important role in the description of the "love" concept and the sentences implied it. He tried to stabilize its meaning in the mind of the audience by objectification to abstract concepts, sometimes using description and animatism. He used the volumetric schema for conceptualization of the "love" and introduced the love of God internalized in the angels' beings as the cup of love. On the other place imagined the concept of "guidance" as a place where its doors are open for the entrance of lovers and the people should use this opportunity, to enter the atmosphere of divine mercy, and be on the way of guidance before the door is closed. Imam Ali at a motion schema used the motion that is an inevitable and objective behavior of every person to do daily affairs to describe the concept of "love". In such a way, using "God" visualization at a place framework, encouraged the God lovers to step and move toward the path of salvation through jihad and fighting which is a means to reach the true god.

Abstract In the Persian language, since Old Persian, /bær/ (on) has been one of the adpositions that grammatically and semantically acts as a preposition. Studying the polysemy of /bær/ (on) as a preposition is the subject of this paper, which is in the cognitive semantics framework and based on “principled polysemy” introduced by Tyler and Evans (2001 & 2003). This study seeks to determine the core meaning and explain the semantic network of /bær/ (on) as a preposition, in addition, to investigating the role of spatial and non-spatial elements in its semantic network. This research is descriptive-analytical, and the data are extracted from the two most comprehensive dictionaries in Persian: Dehkhoda and Sokhan. The results show that /bær/ is used to represent abstract concepts systematically derived from the core meaning of /bær/, "above, on". These abstract concepts are causality, duty and responsibility, confrontation and opposition, accumulation, concomitance and companionship, and conformity and compatibility. The process of abstraction, changing the relationship between Trajectory and Landmark, and focusing on each of the configuration elements of the proto-scene are the factors that create peripheral concepts in which abstraction and non-spatialization of the core meaning have been more effective than others.

В статье рассматриваются пассивные конструкции в английском языке с точки зрения когнитивной лингвистики и прагматики. Дается краткая характеристика теории речевых актов как особого раздела прагматики. Описываются прагматические функции пассивных конструкций в условиях публицистического стиля письменных текстов. Цель статьи – выявить прагматический потенциал пассивных конструкций в английском языке в экономических текстах. Эмпирическим материалом выступили статьи американского финансово-экономического журнала Forbes. В результате исследования были выявлены функции, выполняемые пассивными конструкциями, а также рассмотрены причины употребления именно пассивных конструкций на примерах различных иллокутивных актов.

Teaching vocabulary presents a significant challenge in foreign language instruction. This article discusses the advantages that the results obtained in studies on lexical availability offer for foreign language teaching. The methodology of lexical availability, which involves extracting vocabulary that is closely associated with specific lexical categories, was first developed in France in the 1950s, and since then, it has been predominantly used for teaching Spanish as a first language. More recently, in the past 15 years, it has also been employed for teaching Spanish as a foreign language. This article examines the origins and methodology of lexical availability, with a particular focus on two significant applications related to teaching Spanish as a foreign language. From a cognitive standpoint, the article discusses studies analysing the configuration of the mental lexicon using available vocabulary data. From a didactic perspective, the article explores how lexical availability can be used to improve the selection of vocabulary in teaching materials for Spanish as a foreign language.

Исследование посвящено сравнению состава и структуры концептов «семья» и «брак» в картине мира представителей разных поколений русскоязычного общества. Основным методом стал ассоциативный эксперимент: респондентам предлагалось на слова-стимулы семья и брак дать по 5 реакций (слов и/или выражений). В опросе приняли участие 24 мужчины и женщины в возрасте 42 года и старше и 24 девушки и юноши в возрасте 19–24 лет. Анализ полученного материала показал, что оба концепта имеют сложную структуру, которую удобно представить как фрейм, включающий несколько слотов, объединяющих в группы близкие в смысловом отношении реакции. Анализируется состав слотов и реакций представителей поколений молодого и зрелого возраста. Главное отличие реакций представителей двух поколений заключается в том, что респонденты зрелого возраста часто предлагают очень конкретные ассоциации, связанные с собственным опытом семейной жизни и брака. Они описывают более-менее конкретные модели семьи. Для молодежи модель семьи более абстрактна, идеальна.

In Metaphor Studies, metaphor is considered as a “form of understanding one thing in terms of something else.” It is assumed that, despite their differences, metaphors share many properties and that a theory of metaphor should capture these essential properties. In short, it is assumed that metaphor is a natural kind. We call this view the Natural Kind Assumption. In this paper, we will challenge it and show that metaphor is not a natural kind. Finally, we will discuss the main philosophical consequences of this view.

An eagle exhibits impressive speed and strength as a bird of prey. In the Song of Moses, נשׁר, often translated as 'eagle,' is used as an appropriate image to describe YHWH in Deut. 32:11: "As a נשׁר protects its nest, over its young it hovers, he spreads his wings, he takes him, he bears him on his pinions." Several studies have been concerned mainly with the identity of, נשׁר attempting to locate its place in contemporary scientific taxonomies. However, there has been little discussion about the underlying motivations for using this bird of prey to describe YHWH in the first place. This study explores the use of נשׁר in light of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The first portion of the study surveys recent scholarship on Deut. 32:11, while the second explains CMT. The third portion then applies the CMT perspective to the text. Deut. 32:11 puts forward the metaphor YHWH as CARING EAGLE, but there may be an even larger metaphor at play in the ancient Near East: GOD as BIRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Cognitive Linguistics, this article analyzes figurative processes, predominantly metaphor, in the context of current journalistic reports in Brazilian Portuguese. Considering the theoretical contributions of Conceptual Metaphor, by Lakoff and Johnson (2002 [1980]), and the notion of fictivity, by Talmy (2019 [2000]), the most relevant foundation has to do with Deignan’s (2010) understanding on evaluative metaphors. According to her, there are four ways for the metaphor to promote an evaluation: generated implications; evoked metaphorical scenarios; chosen source domains; explored connotations. From a methodological point of view, uses of metaphors were mapped in the first two texts of the series of reports Vaza Jato, launched by The Intercept Brasil, to integrate a qualitative-interpretative analysis. The results indicate that the journalistic discourse critically uses evaluative metaphors, as well as their respective imagery schemes and their implications, partially requesting the same figurative bases activated by the sources of information, characteristics which arise from the leaked data, suggesting the evaluative perspective of journalists on these messages. In the enunciative context of the analyzed reports, the selection of source domains proved to be crucial for the evaluative character of the metaphors. Another relevant aspect is the appropriation, by journalistic discourse, of evaluative metaphors arising from information sources, to use them argumentatively against these very sources. Finally, in terms of textual production, the reports resort to the same figurative and evaluative processes to obtain cohesion and coherence through metaphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the multimodal theoretical perspective of systemic functional linguistics and cognitive psychology developed by Mason et al. (2013), Parodi (2011), Parodi and Julio (2015; 2017), Parodi et al. (2020) and Bateman and Hiippala (2021); and empirical evidence, this study contributes to the limited body of research in the multimodal research line, specifically focusing on multimodal inferential reading competence. To this end, a multisemiotic text -National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (Inei) bulletin was subjected to testing, which was segmented into three independent semiotic artifacts: full original text (TC), text with only graphics (SG), and text with only verbal content (SV). The research objective was to determine which of the three tested artifacts is more efficient for the identification and justification of textual inferences. An intersubject experimental design was employed, with the participation of 235 students from the industrial engineering and social communication programs at a public university in Peru. The results indicate that the original multimodal artifact (TC) and the verbal-only artifact (SV) achieved a higher and better identification of appropriate inferences by industrial engineering students. In other words, they achieve greater success than those in the social communication program. Therefore, it provides empirical evidence of differences in inferential comprehension among students in the mentioned programs, based on the semiotic composition of the texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at presenting a component part of the doctoral research into the translation of conceptual metaphors. Adopting an interdisciplinary methodological framework which intertwines methods pertaining to Corpus Linguistics, Translation Studies, Cognitive Sciences and ICT, this study is focused on the analysis of (i) the conceptualization of 'Light' as UP-orientational metaphor in literary war narratives and (ii) the reconceptualization of such metaphor within interlinguistic and intercultural transfer via translation. The analysis employs a trilingual parallel corpus comprising one English language source sub-corpus and two translational target language sub-corpora, one in Romanian and another in Spanish. The results are indicative of frequent inequivalence in translation which affects the reception of the target texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article examines constructions for which various terms are used in linguistic practice (e.g., stable, traditional, figurative, etc.). The study also covers whether “as X as Y” units fall within the scope of phraseology or cognitive linguistics. Opinions of prominent specialists are traced regarding whether or not all comparisons fall within the framework of phraseology, as well as the traditional understanding in linguistics of the boundaries and scope of stable/figurative comparisons. There is also a special focus on two main features in comparative structures, namely their figurativeness and stability. The images that take on the role of comparatum are investigated, with emphasis on their potential innovation, as it is the components on the right side of the comparison that account for its figurativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the topic of language acquisition, with a specific focus on second language acquisition (SLA). It discusses Chomsky's generative model of language acquisition and its relevance to SLA. The article also delves into the Critical Period Hypothesis, which suggests that there is a specific age range during which individuals can achieve native-like competence in a language. The author argues that a theory of SLA should consider the role of Universal Grammar in the development of L2 mental grammar. The text also mentions the ongoing debate between nativists and empiricists regarding the nature of language acquisition. [Extracted from the article]

This contribution reflects on the current role of ontologies in terminology research and practice and their future role, especially with a view to the creation of fully digital terminographic resources. The very notion of (domain) ontology, its concept and term, is discussed, highlighting metaterminological differences and substantial ambiguities arising from the interdisciplinary contact between Ontology Engineering and Terminology. Major challenges in ontology building, e.g. subjectivity, are mentioned, also with respect to the distinction between realist and non-realist ontologies and their relevance in Terminology. In addition, this contribution presents some examples of terminology resources with a distinct ontological component, showing a diversity of approaches depending on the purpose of the resource and its scope. In this context, more specific topics are addressed, such as the acquisition of ontological data and suitable formats and models for representing domain knowledge. The contribution ends with a vision of the integration of complex concept systems such as ontologies in future terminology work: here, the development of models based on terminology-specific requirements and typical users will be fundamental. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting internet hate speech automatically is an important but difficult task that is recognised as ethically problematic. In comparison to typical computer science approaches, the current study focuses on psychologically meaningful aspects of language, and not on terms pre-defined as hateful. Data consists of the naturally occurring discourse of a gender critical feminist group banned from the Reddit discussion platform for promoting hate based on identity; this is compared with discourse of a feminist group from Reddit, that has not been banned. Notable psychologically meaningful terms of the gender critical group include third-person plural pronouns, and metonymic acronyms that reference the gender critical outgroup, which may represent outgroup derogation, and outgroup homogeneity. It is noted that the banned forum, which is shown to be an online community, may be responding to threats to identity in recognised ways. It is concluded that a socio-cognitive discourse approach to hate speech detection may help address related ethical concerns, including potential social injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the inchoative and middle constructions in two typologically separate languages, English and Urdu. These constructions, which are closely related, have been discussed in formal and functional accounts of language, mainly with respect to English. They have not received much attention in Cognitive Linguistics, much less in cross-linguistic terms. In this regard, the present article shows that the cognitive and cross-linguistic perspectives can combine fruitfully to cast additional light on the usage constraints of these constructions, which determines their meaning potential. The choice of Urdu and English is significant. English is an accusative language, whereas Urdu is a splitergative language that combines features of ergative and accusative languages. This difference definitely affects the way in which the inchoative and middle constructions are handled by language users. In addition, understanding the motivation behind this aspect of language use is central to our understanding of the nature of these constructions and how they relate. The inchoative and middle constructions are a type of pretense constructions, i.e., those involving the re-construal of states, situations, and events (Ruiz de Mendoza & Miró, 2019), which are often motivated by such phenomena as metaphor and metonymy. The crosslinguistic study of the examples in both languages has allowed us to search for the principles that underlie the expressions. The analysis, besides contributing to the understanding of conceptual differences between English and Urdu, has identified and accounted for relevant constraining factors that stem from typological differences (e.g., use of light verbs in Urdu) and grammatical constraints (e.g., promotion of an element depends on the prominence of its enabling condition in Urdu). The point of convergence has always been the pretense nature of the constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In colonial Bahia, the Catholic Church had hegemonic political and religious power over the state, since ordinary official government actions were subject to its opinion and scrutiny. Among the demands for supervision were the “good death” rituals in which people who were feeling the “approach of death” sought out a Catholic executor so that they could ask the heavenly court for forgiveness for their sins, giving the institution they believed to be God's representative on earth their goods and possessions earned in life in exchange for a dwelling in heaven. Given this socio-historical and socio-cultural fact that demonstrates the thinking of the man of Colonial Brazil, this work brought together the theoreticalmethodological assumptions of the Social History of Portuguese (BELLOTO, 2002; PEREIRA, 2014, 2015, 2016a, 2016b; CAMBRAIA, 2005; PRIORE, 2016; PAGOTTO, 2017) and Cognitive Linguistics in its sociocultural, sociocognitive and discursive phases (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 2002, KÖVECSES, 2005; VEREZA, 2007; SALOMÃO, 2010; FERRARI, 2011; SOARES DA SILVA & LEITE, 2015; SOUSA, 2016) to examine whether in one of the wills recovered from that period, metaphors contributed uniquely to its discursive fabric. The results show that the figurative language recruited in the aforementioned text emerges reflections both on the church’s desire to raise fortunes and on the fear and tension imposed on the faithful about the fate of the subjects in the afterlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the descriptive-analytical method and grammatical analysis, this paper explores the phenomenon of lexical and grammatical polysemy in the 90th Qur'anic surah al-Balad. Contemporary works from Cognitive Linguistics and the tafsir tradition form the basis of the research. Some key lexical units in this surah are characterised by polysemy, as observed by commentators of the Qur'an. The commitment to a specific semantic structure during interpretation can lead to semantic changes in the text's higher structures. The paper's aim is to present the cognitive implications of the use of such expressions, and to discover why Qur'an translators opted for specific interpretive matrices in the Bosnian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rhetor. Journal of the Canadian Society for the Study of Rhetoric is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Rhetoric and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Emotion concepts are largely metaphorical and metonymic in nature across languages. Fear is an intensely unpleasant emotion in response to perceiving or recognizing a danger or threat. Fear includes physical, psychological, and behavioural reactions. The language of emotion is one of the areas where the influence of culture on cognition has been studied. This study delves into a comparative analysis of fear-related colloquial and idiomatic expressions in Hindi and Bangla, juxtaposed with English expressions, adopting a crosscultural perspective rooted in Cognitive Linguistics. In this paper, we analyze the metaphors and metonymies of fear in Bangla and Hindi using Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT)of Lakoff and Johnson and Extended Cognitive Metaphor theory of Kövecses and incorporating the lexical method for studying the fear metaphors in both the languages, taking data from the colloquial as well as idiomatic expressions from various sources like websites, books, and native speakers. We have classified these expressions into different stages of fear like auditory or visual stimuli causing fear, physiological arousal, and so on. A notable finding is that the majority of expressions in the selected languages utilize metonymy, particularly involving body parts, to convey fear. The research underscores the significance of a cross-cultural perspective in understanding emotion concepts linguistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pragmalingüística is the property of Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Universidad de Cadiz and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates fictive motion (FM) expressions in Turkish, focusing on how static spatial relationships are described dynamically through language. FM, a linguistic phenomenon where static scenes are described with motionrelated terms (e.g., "The road winds through the valley"), stimulates mental simulation and enhances spatial visualisation. Using a drawing experiment, sixty native Turkish speakers were presented with twelve pairs of fictive and nonfictive sentences to illustrate their interpretations. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences in seven of the twelve pairs, highlighting the role of motion-implying verbs in expanding spatial perception. Results show that FM expressions lead to larger and more extended visual descriptions, supporting the idea that FM facilitates vivid mental simulations of motion, even when describing stationary scenes. These findings align with cognitive linguistic theories such as Langacker’s virtuality (1999), Talmy’s typology of FM (2000) and Matlock’s mental simulation (2004) by contributing to the understanding of FM in a verbframed language like Turkish. By examining FM through visual representation, this study adds to the cross-linguistic research on FM, highlighting the role of language in shaping spatial conceptualisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The WeChat emoticon in China is a multimodal discourse comprising words, pictures, and other symbols. It figuratively represents communication purposes using static symbols, such as words and images and dynamic symbols, such as animation, in synchronisation with both parties' perceptive abilities. This paper analyses the construction of multimodal metaphors with WeChat emoticons as the corpus, based on the three meta-functional theories of visual grammar and the concept of cognitive linguistics, to improve communicators' metaphorical understanding of emoticons and thus promote communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While applying cognitive linguistics (CL) to language teaching has been proven effective for teaching polysemous prepositions in English, it has demonstrated less success with the difficult-to-acquire Spanish prepositions por and para. This points to the need for more practical research investigating if and how CL might be effective for this particular target, especially given that conventional instruction has been found to be lacking. The current study compared three instructional conditions in intact intermediate Spanish classes. The first was a traditional approach to teaching por and para that presented learners with lists of disconnected uses in one lesson (n = 32). The second was an applied CL approach that presented Principled Polysemy Networks gradually over time (n = 34), an incremental approach that is usage-based and is a best practice for cognitively demanding instruction. The third was a traditional approach that presented lists of disconnected uses but incrementally over time (n = 26). The usage-based CL approach was found to confer the most advantage for learners on a multiple-choice test, but not a fill-in-the-blank test. The findings are discussed in relation to their pedagogical applications, future directions for applied CL research, and limitations of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Croatica et Slavica Iadertina is the property of University of Zadar, Department of Croatian & Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nasleđe is the property of University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Philology & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the present study is to investigate double negation in Persian in the framework of Cognitive linguistics and based on the theory of mental spaces. Negation is one of the most important cognitive, intellectual and linguistic categories in the human mind, which is manifested in different languages of the world in different ways. This category is also manifested in Persian by various negative elements and structures that generally can be divided into two categories: single (simple) negation and multiple negation. The research data consists of 921 Persian sentences extracted from the social network of Instagram. The results of data analysis show that each double negation sentence, in addition to its own mental space, evokes the mental space of the positive sentence and sometimes the mental space of the corresponding single negative sentence. Understanding the meaning of double negation depends on the formation of these mental spaces and the creation of conceptual maps between them based on the three cognitive processes of understatement, intensification and semantic neutralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Linguistic Research / Dilbilim Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Bogazici University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etnolingwistyka is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etnolingwistyka is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Theory & Practice of Second Language Acquisition is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research paradigm of alternation studies is forming an increasingly large share of the empirical foundations of usage-based linguistics. As the paradigm is essentially an amalgamation of research traditions from various subfields of linguistics, including sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, cognitive linguistics, and construction grammar, it sports various definitions of the concept of "alternation" and various ways of conducting an alternation study, which are not always compatible. The present special issue is therefore intended to bring researchers from various backgrounds in usage-based linguistics together to see how we can deal with these issues. This introduction first presents the various ways of defining an alternation and discusses the differences between them and how these definitions determine the methodological set-up of an alternation study. Next, the contributions to the special issue are each in turn summarized and related to one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle voice (MV) comprises a set of marked constructions associated with situation types (Kemmer 1993. The middle voice. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), in which the middle marker functions as an intransitivizer. MV constructions in Portuguese are se constructions in which the clitic se is typically overt, but in Brazilian Portuguese there is variation between constructions with and without the clitic marker. The overt-null variation is observed in all se construction types and it has been argued by Soares da Silva et al. (2021. Null se constructions in Brazilian and European Portuguese: Morphosyntactic deletion or emergence of new constructions? Cognitive Linguistics 32(1). 159–193) that differences in conceptualization of an event as "energetic" or "absolute" primarily drive the variation. This article focuses on the (re)configuration of the network of se constructions in light of the overt-null alternation. Given that the alternation is systematic for all types of se construction, we propose that both the marked and unmarked constructions are plotted onto the conceptual map of MV constructions. As to the introduction of the null variant in the taxonomy of se constructions, we argue that the overt-null variants are allostructions posited at lower levels of abstraction. We also hypothesize that the middle marker at the top node is underspecified for function, instantiated as an intransitivizer, or lexically defined at the immediate subordinate level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depending on the theory of language employed, the paradigmatic and lexical variation associated with a given composite form-meaning pair is treated in different ways. First, variation can be treated as independent of the constructional semantics, an approach typical of modular theories. Second, paradigmatic variation can be considered indicative of constructional semantics; its variation constituting networks of closely related families of constructions. This is a common approach in construction grammar. Third, there exists a trend in cognitive linguistics and construction grammar to treat grammatical constructions as non-discrete emergent clusters of many-to-many form-meaning mappings. This study explores the possibility of extending current methods for quantitatively modelling construction grammar to an approach that does not assume discrete grammatical constructions. The speaker choice examined consists of the English future constructions will and BE going to and their use in contemporary informal British English. The constructions are examined with the behavioural profile approach. Three different regression modelling methods are applied to the grammatical alternations, each operationalizing one of the theoretical assumptions. While the results show that all three approaches are feasible and comparable in predictive accuracy, model interpretation becomes increasingly difficult with added complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnography of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts / Glasnik Etnografskog Instituta SANU is the property of Institute of Ethnography, SASA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)