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A recent study conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) aimed to validate the Scrub Typhus Encephalitis Assessment Tool (SEAT) for the management of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES). AES is a leading cause of mortality among children in India, and early treatment is crucial for preventing deaths. The study used a machine learning model to predict the probability of scrub typhus diagnosis in AES patients. The SEAT showed promising results in predicting scrub typhus as a cause of AES cases in remote areas. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Fes, Morocco, presents a mathematical analysis of two fractional models for poliomyelitis, considering the presence of vaccination and a post-paralytic class. The study proves the existence and uniqueness of solutions and computes the basic reproduction number. It also provides information on the local and global stability of the disease-free state and conditions for the existence of an endemic state. The study concludes that both the Caputo and ABC operators are suitable for modeling the poliomyelitis disease, with the ABC operator refining the Caputo operator and introducing heredity and memory into the model's characteristics. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06580145, is being conducted to investigate the effects of a 6-week leucine challenge on brain chemistry, connectivity, and behavior in individuals with midlife depression. The study aims to compare the effects of leucine and an active comparator arm (lysine) over the course of 6 weeks. Depression is a common mental health condition that can greatly impact a person's quality of life, and symptoms such as loss of pleasure in activities and slowed movements may indicate a higher risk of dementia later in life. Inflammation in the body, particularly in middle-aged adults, may contribute to depression, and the kynurenine pathway, activated by inflammation, can produce substances toxic to brain cells. Leucine, a nutrient found in certain foods, may help prevent these toxic substances from entering the brain. The study will use brain scans and symptom assessments to determine if leucine improves brain function and reduces depression in middle-aged adults with signs of inflammation. This research study aims to explore the connection between inflammation and mental health, specifically focusing on depression. The study is currently in the interventional phase and will randomize participants into different treatment groups. The primary goal of the study is to develop new treatments for depression and potentially reduce the risk of dementia in individuals with depression. The study is not yet recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by July 2029. Eligible participants must have a diagnosis of major depression and moderate to severe depression symptoms. The [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi, India, has shed light on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a life-threatening complication of measles. The study focused on a rare and aggressive form of SSPE that rapidly progresses to a vegetative state. The researchers found that genetically determined immune dysfunction may prevent the clearance of the measles virus, leading to the rapid progression of the disease. The study highlights the importance of clinicians being aware of this condition, as the diagnosis is often missed in immunized and previously healthy children. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China has reported on the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of CASPR2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in children. CASPR2 autoimmunity is rare in children, but this study aimed to expand the understanding of the disease. The study found that CASPR2 autoimmunity may be the second most common anti-neuronal surface antibodies associated neurological disease in children, with psychiatric symptoms and sleep disorders being common. Tumors were rare in these patients, and most children had a favorable long-term outcome. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Poland aimed to assess the attitudes and knowledge of children's guardians towards tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and its vaccine. The study found that factors such as general vaccination attitudes, information sources, vaccine safety ratings, and perceptions of disease severity were significantly associated with the willingness to vaccinate against TBE. The study concluded that targeted public health interventions addressing misconceptions and providing accurate information are crucial for increasing TBE vaccine uptake and protecting children from this serious disease. [Extracted from the article]

Tick-borne viruses, such as Powassan virus, are increasing in Canada, and clinicians should consider these infections in patients with encephalitis. Powassan virus is rare but serious, with a death rate of 10%-15% in people with encephalitis, and it can cause lingering health effects. A case study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal describes a 9-year-old child who was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of fever, neck stiffness, and headache after a camping trip. The eventual diagnosis was Powassan virus, highlighting the importance of considering tick-borne illnesses in cases of encephalitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study aimed to optimize the dosing of acyclovir, a primary treatment for central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The current dosing guidelines, developed in the 1980s, have shown suboptimal patient outcomes. Using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, the study evaluated different dosing regimens and found that a dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg four times a day (QID) may offer a more effective and safer approach for managing CNS infections compared to other tested regimens. However, it should be noted that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the National Defense Medical Center in Taipei, Taiwan, explored the antiviral activity of Rhodiola crenulata extract against Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Both viruses can cause severe neurological damage and death, and currently, there are no approved drugs for these infections. The study found that the extract exhibited dose-dependent anti-ZIKV and anti-JEV activities without causing cytotoxicity. The researchers concluded that Rhodiola crenulata extract disrupts viral binding and stability, suggesting it could be a potential strategy for treating ZIKV and JEV infections. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in China investigated the genotypes of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) circulating in the coastal provinces of the country. The researchers collected serum specimens from patients with Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Shandong provinces from 2018 to 2020. The study found that genotype 3 (G3) was the primary infection genotype among JE cases, and serological confirmation of genotype 5 (G5) JEV infection was also observed. This research provides valuable insights into the genotypes of JEV in China's coastal areas. [Extracted from the article]

A new study on military medicine has been conducted, focusing on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) surveillance in U.S. Army installations in the Republic of Korea (ROK) from 2021 to 2023. The study found a potential shift in the dominant genotype of JEV circulating in East Asia, with GV becoming more prevalent. The research suggests that Culex spp. other than Cx. tritaeniorhynchus may be playing an important role in the transmission of GV. This information sheds light on the current knowledge of JEV epidemiology in the ROK and has implications for U.S. military personnel stationed there. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Barcelona discusses a study on autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in children. The researchers examined serum or cerebrospinal fluid samples from 2,750 children with suspected AE and found that 20% of the samples showed brain immunoreactivity. The most common antibodies found were against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). The study suggests that testing for other antibodies in diagnostic panels may not be necessary in children with suspected AE, except for NMDAR and MOG antibodies. [Extracted from the article]

A study from Creighton University School of Medicine discusses a case of a Balamuthia mandrillaris pediatric brain infection, which is a rare and deadly form of encephalitis caused by an amoeba. The highest incidence of this infection has been reported in the United States, particularly in the Southwest, affecting mainly children and young Hispanic men. The clinical presentation of this infection includes symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, seizures, and hallucinations. The study suggests that testing for B. mandrillaris should be considered if a patient presents with progressing encephalitis on imaging, and treatment should be initiated promptly due to the fatal nature of the infection. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, Romania, explores the role of Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in central nervous system (CNS) infections. The study found that 5% of patients with CNS infections tested positive for HHV-6 in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between HHV-6 positivity in the CSF and variables such as age, sex, or comorbidities. The researchers concluded that while multiplex qualitative PCR tests are useful for rapid results, additional quantitative PCR testing is necessary to accurately diagnose HHV-6 CNS infections and avoid unnecessary treatments. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Technical University Munich (TU Munich) in Germany explores the interrelation between the spatial and genetic structure of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV), its reservoir host (Myodes glareolus), and its vector (Ixodes ricinus). The study found that bank voles, the reservoir host, have a significant influence on establishing and maintaining long-term natural TBEV foci due to their genetic composition. In contrast, the genetic structure of the main vector, I. ricinus, does not play a significant role in the sustainability of these foci. The researchers suggest that further investigation is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of this association. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Los Angeles Medical Center has provided updated information on encephalitis, specifically focusing on racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The study analyzed data from over 10 million person-years of observation and found that the incidence of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis was significantly higher in Black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Island individuals compared to White individuals. The study also found that ovarian teratomas were a common trigger for encephalitis in Black females. The researchers recommend further research to identify risk factors that disproportionately affect minoritized individuals in the United States. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a report on Western Equine Encephalitis Virus (WEE) in pediatric patients. WEE is a vector-borne infection caused by an RNA virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The report describes two pediatric patients in Argentina who were diagnosed with WEE based on their symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and serological tests. The patients were treated with supportive care, and one patient recovered fully while the other experienced temporary hemiparesis. The research concludes that WEE can still occur in pediatric patients and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and management. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Babol University of Medical Sciences in Iran explores the potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology. Exosomes are lipid vesicles released by cells that contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. They can induce inflammatory responses and toxicities in recipient cells, but they can also serve as therapeutic vehicles by transporting protective cargo. Exosomes have been found to play a role in neuroinflammation regulation, neurogenesis improvement, and the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, including MS. However, further research is needed to fully understand the molecular pathways involved. The study aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the role of exosomes in the occurrence and improvement of MS. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a study conducted at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, examining the antitumoral effects of a nonlytic viral vector based on attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (r3LCMV). The study found that r3LCMV significantly improved tumor control and survival in various tumor models, including in immunodeficient mice, and demonstrated efficacy even when administered before tumor challenges.

A recent study conducted by researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) examined the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in the brains of children with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). The study included 112 cases of SSPE and found that certain MRI abnormalities, such as subcortical white matter involvement and cerebral atrophy, were more prevalent in patients with advanced stages of the disease. However, no significant associations were found between MRI findings and other clinical, sociodemographic, and electroencephalographic (EEG) features. The study suggests that early in the disease progression, the subcortical white matter regions are affected, and neuroimaging abnormalities are more strongly associated with clinical staging. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy focused on Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a bacterium that can cause meningoencephalitis, a serious condition affecting the brain. The study described the case of a young boy who presented with symptoms such as altered behavior, fever, and leg pain, which were later confirmed to be caused by M. pneumoniae infection. The boy received aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, including medications like acyclovir, erythromycin, methylprednisolone, and immunoglobulin, which led to a rapid recovery. The researchers concluded that the immune-mediated pathogenetic mechanism played a role in the boy's recovery. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment for M. pneumoniae-associated encephalitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from researchers at the Department of Neurology in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, highlights the challenges in diagnosing young patients with neurodegenerative diseases that mimic autoimmune encephalitis (AE). The researchers describe a case of a young patient with progressive dementia, myoclonus, seizures, and aphasia, who was initially misdiagnosed with AE. Further investigation revealed a novel and de novo pathogenic variant in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene, which is associated with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. The study emphasizes the importance of considering PSEN1 in young patients with atypical clinical and neuroimaging features, even in the absence of a family history of neurologic disorders. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from researchers at Banaras Hindu University explores the role of tauopathies in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a latent measles virus infection. The study highlights the accumulation of abnormal tau protein in the brain as a prominent pathological hallmark of SSPE, resulting from chronic inflammation triggered by the measles virus infection. Understanding the mechanisms linking measles virus infection, neuro-inflammation, and tauopathy is crucial for developing targeted therapies. The researchers emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and public health authorities to combat this devastating disorder. [Extracted from the article]

According to a preprint abstract, researchers have found that autoimmune anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis, a condition characterized by severe neuropsychiatric symptoms, alters the functioning of neuronal networks in the brain. Using a mouse model, the researchers observed enhanced functional coupling and clustering between hippocampal neurons, which can lead to hypersynchrony. They also found changes in firing characteristics and activity patterns, which affect the coding of information in the brain. This research provides new insights into the consequences and mechanisms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Hannover Medical School have conducted a study on viral encephalitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the brain due to viral infection. The study focused on microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain that plays a role in defending against viral infections. The researchers used various experimental approaches to analyze the transcriptional profiles of microglia during viral infection. They found that microglia are involved in shaping antiviral T-cell responses in the brain, which contribute to controlling the spread of the virus. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular signatures and cellular interactions involved in viral encephalitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota discusses the increasing recognition and diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) due to neural autoantibody testing and discovery. The study highlights the exponential growth in the identification of rare neural autoantibodies in the last five years, which have important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Although the clinical applications of these rare antibody discoveries may be limited due to the low number of positive cases, they provide valuable insights into CNS autoimmunity. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Current Opinion in Neurology. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial examining the role of cognitive reserve (CR) in the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions, particularly using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to enhance working memory. Topics discussed include the impact of CR on cognitive intervention outcomes, methods for assessing CR with both static and dynamic markers, and the trial's focus on cognitive health in patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies.

The article discusses research from Koc University on using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate post-polio syndrome (PPS) from prior poliomyelitis sequelae. Topics discussed include the diagnostic value of assessing paraspinal muscle involvement, the use of the Mercuri scale for evaluating muscle deterioration, and the potential for quadratus lumborum muscle degradation to serve as a marker for PPS and guide treatment.

A recent report from the University of Cambridge provides new insights into Japanese encephalitis (JEV) and its impact on human health. The researchers conducted a seroprevalence study in a high-incidence region of Bangladesh and found that 19.0% of individuals had JEV antibodies. They also identified pig proximity as the main risk factor for human infection. The study estimated that 1 in 1000 JEV infections result in severe disease, 1 in 10,000 result in death, and 76% of severe cases are missed by surveillance. This research aims to inform the investment case for introducing a JEV vaccine in Bangladesh. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports new insights into the diagnostic challenges of catatonia, highlighting its potential overlap with functional neurological disorders and post-infectious encephalitis. Topics discussed include the complexities of differential diagnoses, the influence of co-morbid conditions, and the impact of Marine culture on symptom presentation.

A recent study conducted at the University Hospital of Lyon in France examined the characteristics of anti-NMDA receptor autoimmune encephalitis (NMDARE) following herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE). The study found that patients with HSE-NMDARE had different symptoms compared to regular HSE, including increased behavioral changes, movement disorders, and dysautonomia. Patients with HSE-NMDARE also had more severe initial MRIs, which may help identify those at higher risk for this condition. The study concluded that patients with HSE-NMDARE have a poorer long-term prognosis compared to patients with regular NMDARE. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology has found that wild boars may serve as amplifying hosts for the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the absence of domestic pigs. The study conducted a serosurvey on Tsushima Island residents and found that the seroprevalence rates of neutralizing antibodies against JEV were 38.8% and 24.6% for two different strains. The study also found that residents who engaged in outdoor activities had higher antibody titers, suggesting a higher risk of JEV transmission. These findings indicate that JEV transmission can occur on Tsushima Island even without pig farms, and wild boars may play a role in the amplification of the virus. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan, discusses a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalitis that involves antibodies targeting the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor in the central nervous system. The report describes the case of a 58-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of limbic encephalitis and was found to have antibodies against the AMPA receptor. The patient also had an anterior mediastinal mass, and although surgery was planned, it was deemed too risky to proceed. The research highlights the association between AMPA receptor encephalitis and myasthenia gravis, as well as the potential risk for underlying malignancy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital discusses research on encephalitis, specifically focusing on pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for disease severity in children with this condition. The researchers evaluated six children and found that abnormal theta-band rhythms in the brain may serve as a potential biomarker for severe cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children. This information could assist clinicians in identifying severe cases early and improving treatment outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report published by researchers from the Ministry of Health discusses a case of a 38-year-old woman who was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) autoimmune encephalitis. The woman also developed seropositive myasthenia gravis (MG), which was successfully treated with immunosuppressive therapy. This case is unique as it involves the association of three rare autoimmune diseases in one individual. The research provides valuable insights into the understanding and treatment of these conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules discusses the Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV), an alphavirus that can cause severe diseases in humans. The study focuses on the receptor VLDLR, which was recently identified as a receptor of EEEV. Through cryo-electron microscopy structural and biochemistry studies, the researchers found that VLDLR binds EEEV at three different sites, A, B, and C, through its membrane-distal LDLR class A (LA) repeats. Disruption of the binding significantly affects the cell attachment of EEEV, and a specific mutation in VLDLR may make individuals highly susceptible to EEEV infection. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in China aimed to identify factors that predict the short-term prognosis of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. The study found that poor short-term prognosis was associated with a higher risk of poor long-term outcome. Factors such as abnormal behavior or cognitive dysfunction, consciousness impairment, autonomic dysfunction or central hypoventilation, CSF pleocytosis, and abnormal EEG were identified as independent predictors of poor short-term prognosis. The researchers developed a prognostic model that can help neurologists predict the short-term prognosis early and adjust treatment accordingly. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Aston University in the United Kingdom examined the cognitive and brain network changes in pediatric autoimmune encephalitis, specifically acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). A total of 12 children with ADEM and 12 typically developing children participated in the study. The researchers used magnetoencephalography to assess brain connectivity and found that children with ADEM had lower processing speed compared to the control group. The study suggests that magnetoencephalography could be a valuable tool for assessing children with ADEM and may be associated with cognitive outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06544863, that is being conducted at Pitie Salpetriere University Hospital in France. The trial aims to evaluate patient care support for cirrhosis and/or liver transplants, which are significant healthcare challenges in the country. The main causes of cirrhosis in France are excessive alcohol consumption, chronic viral hepatitis, and metabolic syndrome. The trial will assess survival rates, occurrence of complications, and identify predictors of complications in patients with cirrhosis or liver transplants. It will also examine exosome profiles, sex steroid hormone profiles, and immune status in these patients. The document emphasizes the importance of longitudinal studies in understanding cirrhosis and improving patient care, as well as the establishment of biological collections for research purposes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill examined the long-term cognitive effects of toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) and latent toxoplasmic infections (LTI) in individuals with HIV. The study found that individuals with a history of TE had cognitive impairment across various domains, including verbal, executive function, learning, recall, working memory, processing speed, and motor skills. However, changes in cognition over a 7-year period were minimal and did not significantly differ among the groups, except for improvements in speed of information processing in TE+ participants. This research provides valuable insights into the neurocognitive effects of HIV-related CNS co-infections and highlights the need for further investigation in this area. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Sichuan University in China examined the characteristics and outcomes of influenza-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis (IAE) in pediatric patients. The study found that IAE has a high mortality rate, with 16.9% of patients suffering mortality. Factors associated with poor prognosis included lower Glasgow coma score, longer duration of fever, underlying medical conditions, and complications such as sepsis, shock, and respiratory failure. The study emphasizes the importance of influenza vaccination for all eligible children. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from UCLA Health, in collaboration with researchers from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, have received a $9.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study the effects of polyphenols on cognitive health and the brain-gut microbiome system. The study, named MAEVE, will investigate the impact of dietary polyphenol supplements on 300 older adults at-risk for Alzheimer's disease. Polyphenols, found in berries, grapes, green tea, and cocoa, may delay cognitive decline by preserving brain function and structure through gut microbiome metabolites. The researchers will explore the relationship between polyphenols, cognitive function, and brain health through various markers and approaches, including bioinformatics and machine learning. The study aims to better understand the role of dietary polyphenols in slowing cognitive decline and the potential for diet interventions to delay the onset and progression of cognitive decline. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins University examined the absence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis in encephalitis, a condition characterized by neuroinflammation. The study found that 25.3% of patients with all-cause encephalitis and 23.7% of those with HSV-1 encephalitis did not exhibit CSF pleocytosis. The absence of pleocytosis was associated with a decreased rate of acyclovir administration, a medication commonly used to treat encephalitis. The study concluded that acyclovir initiation should not be delayed in patients with suspected encephalitis, even in the absence of CSF pleocytosis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in Uttar Pradesh, India, examined the impact of acute viral encephalitis, specifically dengue encephalitis (DE), on cerebral blood flow. The researchers used transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography to measure the mean velocity pulsatility index (PI) and resistive index (RI) in various arteries of the brain. The study found that patients with DE had significantly elevated PI and RI in the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) compared to patients with nondengue acute viral encephalitis. However, TCD parameters did not have a significant impact on the overall outcome of acute viral encephalitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences in Uttarakhand, India, has highlighted the potential for severe neurological complications, such as dengue encephalitis, in patients with dengue infection. Dengue encephalitis is a severe form of neuroinvasive dengue that directly affects the central nervous system and can be fatal. The study emphasizes the importance of considering dengue as a possible diagnosis in patients with encephalitis, particularly during a dengue epidemic. The research provides a comprehensive overview of dengue and its clinical spectrum. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia discusses the neurological manifestations of vector-borne viruses, such as the Chikungunya virus. These viruses are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. The report highlights the range of clinical symptoms associated with these viruses, from mild to severe, and discusses the mechanisms by which they invade the central nervous system and trigger neuroinflammatory responses. The researchers emphasize the importance of early detection and advanced laboratory testing for diagnosing these neurological complications. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Harvard Medical School have published a new report on the eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), which is the most virulent alphavirus that infects humans. Many survivors of EEEV develop neurological sequelae, including paralysis and intellectual disability. The researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of the EEEV spike glycoproteins bound to the ligand-binding domain of the very-low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), which is a cellular receptor for EEEV. The study suggests that the ability of LDLR-related proteins to interact with viral spike proteins through small footprints with flexible binding modes allows for the acquisition of LDLR-related proteins as cellular receptors for diverse sets of viruses. [Extracted from the article]

The article updates understanding of Sjögren's syndrome with a case study from Singapore General Hospital. Topics include the misdiagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome as post-COVID Bickerstaff encephalitis, the patient's subsequent diagnosis with primary Sjögren's syndrome after initial treatment failure, and the successful resolution of neurological deficits following treatment with IV cyclophosphamide and rituximab.

Researchers from Pontifical Catholic University Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil, have conducted a case study on Rasmussen encephalitis (RE), a rare neurological disorder characterized by progressive cerebral hemiatrophy and treatment-resistant epilepsy. The study focused on a patient with RE who underwent hemispherotomy and experienced seizure-free periods and motor improvement. Molecular analysis of the patient's brain tissue revealed a decrease in the expression of cell-cycle-associated genes and elevated levels of BDNF and TNF-a proteins, suggesting the potential involvement of cell cycle regulators in the progression of RE. Further research is needed to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disorder. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports that researchers from Fundació De Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut D'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer have submitted a patent application for a new method and reagents designed to detect autoantibodies associated with neurological autoimmune diseases and cancers. It states that the focus of the patent is on improving diagnostic accuracy for these conditions through novel detection methods.