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1,525 results on '"Burt, G."'

203. Correction to 'Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE' (vol 377, 20180418, 2019)

Author

Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A, Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S.-Y., Krausz, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M. T., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Sublet, A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., and AWAKE Collaboration Team

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), AWAKE Collaboration, Proton, General Science & Technology, General Mathematics, Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Civil [Domínio/Área Científica], FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, plasma wakefield acceleration, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Ciências Naturais::Matemáticas [Domínio/Área Científica], Physics::Plasma Physics, AWAKE, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, General Engineering, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica], seeded self modulation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013–2018) was to demonstrate that 10– 20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'. In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first Run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013 - 2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV-energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly-relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future.

Published
2019
Full Text
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205. Increased calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal binding to injured renal tubular epithelial cells in culture

Author

Verkoelen, Carl F., Boom, Burt G. van der, Houtsmuller, Adriaan B., Schroder, Fritz H., and Romijn, Johannes C.

Subjects
Kidney stones -- Research, Kidney diseases -- Research, Kidney tubules -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The time-dependent changes in the extent of calcium oxalate (CaOx) monohydrate (COM) crystal binding to Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells during their growth to confluence and during the healing of wounds made in confluent monolayers were studied. Findings revealed that, while functional MDCK monolayers are largely protected against COM crystal adherence, epithelial injury and the subsequent process of of wound healing lead to increased crystal binding.

Published
1998

214. Characterizing the accelerating mode of a dielectric-lined waveguide designed for terahertz-driven manipulation of relativistic electron beams

Author

Georgiadis, V., Hibberd, M.T., Healy, A.L., Lake, D.S., Burt, G., Jamison, S.P., Graham, D.M., Georgiadis, V., Hibberd, M.T., Healy, A.L., Lake, D.S., Burt, G., Jamison, S.P., and Graham, D.M.

Abstract

We report on the generation of a terahertz (THz) beam with a quasi-TEM 01 mode by exploiting the interferometric recombination of two linearly polarized emitters in a combined spintronic source. The generated THz beam was used to characterize the accelerating mode of a dielectric-lined waveguide (DLW) to inform on the recent demonstration of relativistic electron beam manipulation achieved with this THz-driven DLW at the CLARA research facility at Daresbury Laboratory.

Published
2019

215. Terahertz-driven acceleration of a relativistic 35 MeV electron beam

Author

Hibberd, M.T., Healy, A.L., Lake, D.S., Georgiadis, V., Smith, E.J.H., Finlay, O.J., Pacey, T.H., Jones, J.K., Saveliev, Y., Walsh, D.A., Snedden, E.W., Appleby, R.B., Burt, G., Graham, D.M., Jamison, S.P., Hibberd, M.T., Healy, A.L., Lake, D.S., Georgiadis, V., Smith, E.J.H., Finlay, O.J., Pacey, T.H., Jones, J.K., Saveliev, Y., Walsh, D.A., Snedden, E.W., Appleby, R.B., Burt, G., Graham, D.M., and Jamison, S.P.

Abstract

We will present the first results from the CLARA research facility at Daresbury Laboratory demonstrating terahertz-driven acceleration of a relativistic 35 MeV electron beam. A polarization-tailored, frequency-tunable, narrowband terahertz source was used to directly excite the longitudinal accelerating mode of a dielectric-lined waveguide structure for collinear phase-velocity-matched THz-electron interaction.

Published
2019

216. Communication—formation of a superconducting MgB2-containing coating on niobium by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Author

Aliasghari, S., Skeldon, P., Zhou, X., Valizadeh, R., Junginger, T., Stenning, G.B.G., Burt, G., Aliasghari, S., Skeldon, P., Zhou, X., Valizadeh, R., Junginger, T., Stenning, G.B.G., and Burt, G.

Abstract

The feasibility of generating superconducting coatings on niobium using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is demonstrated. A silicate-phosphate electrolyte was employed containing MgB2 particles. The coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The coatings contained crystalline Nb2O5, SiO2-rich amorphous material, and incorporated MgB2. The magnetic moment-temperature curve determined using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer revealed a transition to the superconducting state at 39 K, characteristic of MgB2. The increasing negative magnetic moment of MgB2 below 39 K is proposed to be due to differences in the critical fields of individual MgB2 clusters.

Published
2019

217. Status of the compactlight design study*

Author

D’Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Rochow, R., Latina, A., Liu, X., Rossi, C., Schulte, D., Stapnes, S., Wu, X., Wuensch, W., Castañeda Cortes, H.M., Clarke, J., Dunning, D., Thompson, N., Fang, W., Gazis, E., Gazis, N., Tanke, E., Trachnas, E., Goryashko, V., Jacewicz, M., Ruber, R., Taylor, G., Dowd, R., Zhu, D., Aksoy, A., Nergiz, Z., Apsimon, R., Burt, G., Castilla, A., Priem, H., Janssen, X., Luiten, J., Mutsaers, P., Stragier, X., Alesini, D., Bellaveglia, M., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, F., Croia, M., Diomede, M., Ferrario, M., Gallo, A., Giribono, A., Piersanti, L., Scifo, J., Spataro, B., Vaccarezza, C., Geometrante, R., Kokole, M., Arnesano, J., Bosco, F., Ficcadenti, L., Mostacci, A., Palumbo, L., Dattoli, G., Nguyen, F., Petralia, A., Marcos, J., Marin, E., Munoz Horta, R., Perez, F., Faus-Golfe, A., Han, Y., Bernhard, A., Gethmann, J., Calvi, M., Schmidt, T., Zhang, K., Esperante, D., Fuster, J., Gimeno, B., Gonzalez-Iglesias, D., Aicheler, M., Hoekstra, R., Cross, A.W., Nix, L., Zhang, L., D’Auria, G., Di Mitri, S., Rochow, R., Latina, A., Liu, X., Rossi, C., Schulte, D., Stapnes, S., Wu, X., Wuensch, W., Castañeda Cortes, H.M., Clarke, J., Dunning, D., Thompson, N., Fang, W., Gazis, E., Gazis, N., Tanke, E., Trachnas, E., Goryashko, V., Jacewicz, M., Ruber, R., Taylor, G., Dowd, R., Zhu, D., Aksoy, A., Nergiz, Z., Apsimon, R., Burt, G., Castilla, A., Priem, H., Janssen, X., Luiten, J., Mutsaers, P., Stragier, X., Alesini, D., Bellaveglia, M., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, F., Croia, M., Diomede, M., Ferrario, M., Gallo, A., Giribono, A., Piersanti, L., Scifo, J., Spataro, B., Vaccarezza, C., Geometrante, R., Kokole, M., Arnesano, J., Bosco, F., Ficcadenti, L., Mostacci, A., Palumbo, L., Dattoli, G., Nguyen, F., Petralia, A., Marcos, J., Marin, E., Munoz Horta, R., Perez, F., Faus-Golfe, A., Han, Y., Bernhard, A., Gethmann, J., Calvi, M., Schmidt, T., Zhang, K., Esperante, D., Fuster, J., Gimeno, B., Gonzalez-Iglesias, D., Aicheler, M., Hoekstra, R., Cross, A.W., Nix, L., and Zhang, L.

Abstract

CompactLight (XLS) is an International Collaboration of 24 partners and 5 third parties, funded by the European Union through the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. The main goal of the project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 36 months, is the design of an hard X-ray FEL facility beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for bright electron photo-injectors, high-gradient accelerating structures, and innovative short-period undulators. The specifications of the facility and the parameters of the future FEL are driven by the demands of potential users and the associated science cases. In this paper we will give an overview on the ongoing activities and the major results achieved until now. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the CC BY 3.0 licence (© 2019). Any distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s).

Published
2019

218. Experimental Observation of Proton Bunch Modulation in a Plasma at Varying Plasma Densities

Author

Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Barros, M.M., Batkiewicz, J., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V.K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L.H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V.N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R.A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A.A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J.R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V.A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J.C., Mompo, R., Moody, J.T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Mutin, C., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J.S., Shalimova, I.A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L.O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A.P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R.I., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V.A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C.P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Barros, M.M., Batkiewicz, J., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V.K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L.H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V.N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R.A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A.A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J.R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K.V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V.A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J.C., Mompo, R., Moody, J.T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Mutin, C., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J.S., Shalimova, I.A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L.O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A.P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R.I., Tuev, P.V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V.A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C.P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Abstract

We give direct experimental evidence for the observation of the full transverse self-modulation of a long, relativistic proton bunch propagating through a dense plasma. The bunch exits the plasma with a periodic density modulation resulting from radial wakefield effects. We show that the modulation is seeded by a relativistic ionization front created using an intense laser pulse copropagating with the proton bunch. The modulation extends over the length of the proton bunch following the seed point. By varying the plasma density over one order of magnitude, we show that the modulation frequency scales with the expected dependence on the plasma density, i.e., it is equal to the plasma frequency, as expected from theory. © 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society.

Published
2019

219. Facility for the Characterization of Planar Multilayer Thin Film Superconductors

Author

E., Romans, M., Ainslie, K., Berger, N., Bykovskiy, O., Kennedy, A., Palau, C., Pegrum, L., Queval, S., Sotelo, W.T., Batista de Sousa, M., Zhang, Turner, D., Malyshev, O.B., Burt, G., Junginger, T., Gurran, L., Dumbell, K.D., May, A.J., Pattalwar, N., Pattalwar, S.M., E., Romans, M., Ainslie, K., Berger, N., Bykovskiy, O., Kennedy, A., Palau, C., Pegrum, L., Queval, S., Sotelo, W.T., Batista de Sousa, M., Zhang, Turner, D., Malyshev, O.B., Burt, G., Junginger, T., Gurran, L., Dumbell, K.D., May, A.J., Pattalwar, N., and Pattalwar, S.M.

Abstract

The maximum accelerating gradient of SRF cavities can be increased by raising the field of full flux penetration, Hvp. One method which can potentially increase Hvp is to use structures consisting of alternating layers of superconductors and insulators (SIS). Magnetometry is commercially available but consists of limitations, such as SQUID measurements which apply a field over both superconducting layers, so Hvp cannot be measured. If Hvp is to be measured for SIS coatings, a parallel, local magnetic field must be applied from one plane of the sample, with no field on the opposing plane. A field penetration experiment has been developed at Daresbury laboratory allowing Hvp to be measured using a local, parallel DC magnetic field. Using a field much smaller than the sample allows limitations such as edge effects to be significantly reduced. By increasing the field, Hvp can be found by using 2 hall probes, one either side of the sample. The experiment was designed to use a variable temperature insert (VTI) to run in a cryogen free environment, but has been running in a LHe bath for thermal stability. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2019

220. Experimental Observation of Plasma Wakefield Growth Driven by the Seeded Self-Modulation of a Proton Bunch

Author

Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Barros Marin, M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Batkiewicz, J., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V. K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, Olaf, Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, Sihang, Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Mompo, R., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Mutin, C., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Barros Marin, M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Batkiewicz, J., Bauche, J., Berglyd Olsen, V. K., Bernardini, M., Biskup, B., Boccardi, A., Bogey, T., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Bustamante, S., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fior, G., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, Olaf, Gschwendtner, E., Guerrero, A., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hessler, C., Hofle, W., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Lefevre, T., Legodec, G., Li, Y., Liu, Sihang, Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Maricalva Brun, L., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Mompo, R., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Öz, E., Ozturk, E., Mutin, C., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Peña Asmus, F., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Plyushchev, G., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Shaposhnikova, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Abstract

We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (< 15 MV=m) and reach over 300 MV=m. All these results confirm the development of the seeded self-modulation process, a necessary condition for external injection of low energy and acceleration of electrons to multi-GeV energy levels.

Published
2019

221. Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE

Author

Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca1, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Gschwendtner, E., Turner, M., Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. M., Batsch, F., Bracco, C., Braunmüller, F., Burger, S., Burt, G., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca1, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Ibison, M., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Minakov, V. A., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Sosedkin, A. P., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Abstract

In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10- 20MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future.

Published
2019

233. Letter

Author

The AWAKE Collaboration, Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V. K. Berglyd, Bernardini, M., Bohl, T., Bracco, C., Braunmueller, F., Burt, G., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Cascella, M., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D., Damerau, H., Deacon, L., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hansen, J., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Huether, M., Ibison, M., Jensen, L., Jolly, S., Keeble, F., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Li, Y., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Brun, L. Maricalva, Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Mitchell, J., Molendijk, J. C., Moody, J. T., Moreira, M., Muggli, P., Oez, E., Pasquino, C., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pitman, S., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Ruhl, H., Schmidt, J. S., Shalimova, I. A., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Soby, L., Sosedkin, A. P., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Woolley, B., and Xia, G.

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Letter, High energy particle, Proton, General Science & Technology, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Acceleration, Affordable and Clean Energy, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Large Hadron Collider, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais [Domínio/Área Científica], Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Bunches, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Experimental particle physics, Plasma-based accelerators
Abstract

High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration1–5, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called ‘wakefields’), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse6–9 or electron bunch10,11 traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above—well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies5,12. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage13. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation14–16, a particle–plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN17–19 uses high-intensity proton bunches—in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules—to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage20 means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators21,22., Electron acceleration to very high energies is achieved in a single step by injecting electrons into a ‘wake’ of charge created in a 10-metre-long plasma by speeding long proton bunches.

Published
2018
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234. A Massive Open Online Course on Particle Accelerators

Author

Delerue, N, Biagini, M, Bruenderman, E, Briantais, E, Burrows, P, Burt, G, d'Honincthu, HC, Cianchi, A, Darve, C, Dmitriyeva, V, Faus-Golfe, A, Kapenieks, A, Kvissberg, J, Lebrun, P, Mathevet, G, Metral, E, Mueller, A-S, Moller, SP, Polozov, S, Rinolfi, L, Rutambharai, Y, Schmickler, H, Simonsso, A, Toes, J, Torims, T, Vaccaro, VG, Iop, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Technology, History, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Physics, 08 Applications of Accelerators, Tech Transfer and Industrial Relations, 01 natural sciences, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics, Computer Science Applications, Education, target, radiation, U06 Technology Transfer and Lab-Industry Relations, neutron, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Online course, survey, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, ddc:600, Accelerators
Abstract

The TIARA (Test Infrastructure and Accelerator Research Area) project funded by the European Union 7th framework programme made a survey of provision of education and training in accelerator science in Europe highlighted the need for more training opportunities targeting undergraduate-level students. This need is now being addressed by the European Union H2020 project ARIES (Accelerator Research and Innovation for European Science and Society) via the preparation of a Massive Online Open Course (MOOC) on particle accelerator science and engineering. We present here the current status of this project, the main elements of the syllabus, how it will be delivered, and the schedule for providing the course., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Published
2018
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236. Terahertz-driven acceleration of a relativistic 35 MeV electron beam

Author

Hibberd, M. T., primary, Walsh, D. A., additional, Snedden, E. W., additional, Appleby, R. B., additional, Burt, G., additional, Graham, D. M., additional, Jamison, S. P., additional, Healy, A. L., additional, Lake, D. S., additional, Georgiadis, V., additional, Smith, E. J. H., additional, Finlay, O. J., additional, Pacey, T. H., additional, Jones, J. K., additional, and Saveliev, Y., additional

Published
2019
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240. Prototype 1 MeV X -band linac for aviation cargo inspection

Author

Jenkins, M., primary, Burt, G., additional, Kumar, A. V. Praveen, additional, Saveliev, Y., additional, Corlett, P., additional, Hartnett, T., additional, Smith, R., additional, Wheelhouse, A., additional, McIntosh, P., additional, and Middleman, K., additional

Published
2019
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249. Human IgG is produced in a pro-form that requires clipping of C-terminal lysines for maximal complement activation

Author

Burt G van der Boom, Patrick Van Berkel, Patrick J. Engelberts, Paul W. H. I. Parren, Ronald P. Taylor, Marleen Voorhorst, Margaret A. Lindorfer, Rob N. de Jong, Frank J. Beurskens, Ewald T. J. van den Bremer, and Erika M. Cook

Subjects
capillary isoelectric focusing, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Immunology, Mutant, Mutation, Missense, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Random hexamer, Report, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, isoelectric focusing, Cytotoxicity, complement activation herapeutic antibody post-translational control ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity CEX cation-exchange cIEF capillary isoelectric focusing CPB carboxy peptidase B ESI-MS electrospray ionization mass spectrometry IEF isoelectric focusing SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY MAMMALIAN-CELL CULTURE MASS-SPECTROMETRY IN-VIVO THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES CHARGE VARIANTS BINDING-SITE RECOMBINANT PROTEINS MOLECULE, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, cation-exchange, Opsonin, post-translational control, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, complement activation, biology, Chemistry, IEF, Complement C1q, Lysine, CPB, ESI-MS, Antibodies, Monoclonal, CEX, Carboxypeptidase, Molecular biology, Complement system, cIEF, HEK293 Cells, Amino Acid Substitution, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, carboxy peptidase B, herapeutic antibody, bacteria, Antibody, ADCC, CDC, SDS-PAGE
Abstract

Human IgG is produced with C-terminal lysines that are cleaved off in circulation. The function of this modification was unknown and generally thought not to affect antibody function. We recently reported that efficient C1q binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) requires IgG hexamerization at the cell surface. Here we demonstrate that C-terminal lysines may interfere with this process, leading to suboptimal C1q binding and CDC of cells opsonized with C-terminal lysine-containing IgG. After we removed these lysines with a carboxypeptidase, maximal complement activation was observed. Interestingly, IgG1 mutants containing either a negative C-terminal charge or multiple positive charges lost CDC almost completely; however, CDC was fully restored by mixing C-terminal mutants of opposite charge. Our data indicate a novel post-translational control mechanism of human IgG: human IgG molecules are produced in a pro-form in which charged C-termini interfere with IgG hexamer formation, C1q binding and CDC. To allow maximal complement activation, C-terminal lysine processing is required to release the antibody's full cytotoxic potential.

Published
2015
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250. Characterizing a terahertz-driven dielectric-lined waveguide for electron beam manipulation

Author

Georgiadis, V., Healy, A., Hibberd, M. T., Burt, G., Jamison, S. P., Graham, D. M., Georgiadis, V., Healy, A., Hibberd, M. T., Burt, G., Jamison, S. P., and Graham, D. M.

Abstract

We report on the transmission properties of a single-cycle terahertz pulse through a rectangular-shape dielectric-lined waveguide designed for terahertz-driven manipulation of 100 keV electrons.

Published
2018

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