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Herbs contribute to more than 60-70% in development of modern medicines in the world market either directly or indirectly. The herbal treatments for congestive heart failure, systolic hypertension, angina, atherosclerosis, cerebral insufficiency and venous insufficiency etc. has been known since ancient times. Unlike allopathic medicines, Ayurveda medicines are considered safe, however, the adverse reactions of herbal drugs is also reported. In this paper, we have compiled 128 herbs and their parts that have medicinal value to prevent, alleviate or cure heart disease related disorders. Jaccard Neighbour-joining cluster analysis using Free Tree software was used to assess the relative importance of plants in context with its healing potential for heart related disease. Based on the medicinal value in context with the heart, five major clusters of the selected 128 herbs were made. Correlation of the distance between herbs revealed that most of these herbs were found to have more than one medicinal property. The distance in dendogram depicted closeness of properties curing heart disease; as less the distance between two medicinal plants or two groups they will more close to cure particular heart disease. During drug development, a medicinal plant can be replaced by another plant of same group or by another plant of its neighbour group but from same pedigree. Thus, in case of non-availability of herbs or if it belongs to the category of rare, threatened, and endangered species, such method may add to new ways of drug development.

The nonlinear response of a material to an external stimulus is vital in fundamental science and technical applications. The power-law current-voltage relationship of a varistor is one such example. An excellent example of such behavior is the power-law current-voltage relationship exhibited by Bi2O3-doped ZnO varistor ceramics, which are the cornerstone of commercial varistor materials for overvoltage protection. Here, we report on a sustainable, ZnO-based varistor ceramic, without the volatile Bi2O3, that is based on Cr2O3 as the varistor former and oxides of Ca, Co, and Sb as the performance enhancers. The material has an ultrahigh α of up to 219, a low IL of less than 0.2 μA/cm2, and a high Eb of up to 925 V/mm, making it superior to state-of-the-art varistor ceramics. The results provide insights into the design of materials with specific characteristics by tailoring states at the grain boundaries. The discovery of this ZnO-Cr2O3-type varistor ceramic represents a major breakthrough in the field of varistors for overvoltage protection and could drastically affect the world market for overvoltage protection.

Introduction. The world market of electrical equipment is developing very fast. There are many companies in the market that sell electrical equipment, among them there are companies that occupy leading positions. Today, the world market of energy engineering is estimated at 87 billion dollars per year, based on the structural dynamics of growth, the annual volume can reach 110-115 billion dollars per year until 2025. The global market for energy equipment service in 2020 is 31.7 billion dollars, including: LTSA (long-term service) 47 %, modernization – 20 %, field service – 24 %, engineering – 9 %. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the world market of electrical equipment, determine sales, business growth. The list of leaders in electrical equipment on the world market is considered. Results. The main trends in the world today are the following areas: development of DC transmission system, cable lines for underwater laying and cable for connections of renewable energy sources to reduce energy transmission costs through the capabilities of existing transmission lines, through network voltages and innovative design solutions and installation methods. The amendment for these trends shows us the world leaders in the electrical market, such as Legrand, Schneider Electric, ABB, Siemens, DEKraft, SASSIN, EKF, etc., R&D costs are 3.5–5 % of profits (over 60 years). Thus, we can conclude that the global market for cable networks is developing rapidly. This market is expected to grow in the development of smart grid technologies, renewable energy generation and initiatives to modernize the transmission and distribution system. Conclusion. That the global cable ladder market is developing rapidly. This market is expected to grow in the development of smart grid technologies, renewable energy cultivation and government initiatives to modernize transmission and distribution systems.

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations and features of the strategic development of the tourist services market in Ukraine. The concept of the tourist services market is comprehended and revealed. The methodological approach of strategic development of the tourist services market in Ukraine and the specifics of recovery after the coronavirus pandemic are highlighted. The priority tasks of the tourism industry development in Ukraine are presented and argued. The model of the strategic management process in tourism for a tourist enterprise is generalized. The algorithm of development of the competitiveness extension project of the tourist services market in Ukraine has been elaborated and substantiated. The conclusion is substantiated that in order to ensure a stable growth rate of the tourism industry, it is necessary to identify priority types of tourism for the regions, contribute to improving the safety of tourists, develop tourism infrastructure and transport links, simplify formalities, create and sell tourism products and services that are in demand on the world market, develop and rapidly introduce new technologies using digital tools.

Background. The problem of stable activity of domestic producers, in particular in the production of leather and footwear, is exacerbated by increasing global competition along with the loss of significant share of domestic and foreign markets. The regulating of the development of industrial production, domestic and foreign markets for light industry products is one of the most important tasks of the state today. Therefore, the assessment of the state of Ukraine’s foreign trade in the leather and leathermaterials market is important component for forecasting andshaping the development of domestic leather manufacturing. The aim of the work is to analyze the dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade on the leather materials market and to establish key directions for thedevelopment of Ukraine’s leather industry to increase the competitiveness of domestic products in an international environment. Materials and methods. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and gene­ra­lization are used for work. Statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, customs statistics of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, as well as data from the Inter­national Trade Center are used to study the leather market of various finishing methods in the world. Results. The analysis of foreign trade activities of the leather materials market showed that leather, additionally processed after tanning, significantly exceeds exports in imports, while tanned leather without processing in exports is ten times higher than im­ports. The analysis of world trade indicators determined that leather with a natural full grain surface is characterized by the greatest competitiveness against polished leather withan artificial grain surface. According to the indicators of foreign trade activity, Ukraine ranks third among the countries – leaders in world imports of leather with a natural full grain surface configuration in the form of halves. According to this commodity position, Ukraine ranks 13th in world exports. Conclusion. The analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade on the leather materials mar­ket revealed the need of forming commodity and technological specializations of the domestic leather industry in accordance with the production of leather with a natural full grain surface from cowhides as the most competitive product in the international environment.

In the process of globalization and international integration, the formation of a rational sequence of sales planning is becoming increasingly important for companies engaged in foreign economic activity. This type of management activity contributes to obtaining additional profits through the full use of the advantages of international labor and international integration, as well as by identifying opportunities for the development of foreign economic activity of organizations. The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the need for companies to always develop and improve sales activities through increased competition and the rapid development of foreign economic relations. Because the key to the «survival» of enterprises in today’s market economy is a well-established effective sales policy and its purposeful development. The article defines the structure and components of sales activities. Also, an important role and priority of effective management of the sales system in increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in world markets is specified. The peculiarities of understanding the term of «sales» in both the narrow and the broad sense are analyzed. Different approaches to determining the basic concepts of sales activity are systematized. The place of sales in the enterprise management system is considered. The main characteristics of strategic and tactical management of sales system are analyzed. The peculiarities of sales management at enterprises are distinguished. The strategic and operational solutions in the creation of sales system are examined. The current state of foreign economic and sales activity of the service company «Master Service» LLC is considered and ways to improve its foreign economic activity are proposed.

At the present stage of market relations, competition plays an extremely important role not only as a major factor in the development of individual enterprises, but also entire countries. The rapid processes of globalization make it possible to expand markets, but not every company can compete with other firms in foreign markets. The article examines the concepts of “competition” and “competitiveness of the enterprise” in foreign markets. Since today in the modern world competition is the driving force of any economy, without it the existence and development of the economy in general is impossible. The success of any business depends on the ability to compete in the market of goods or services. In the period of globalization and integration in the international space, the formation of a rational sequence of planning such activities is becoming increasingly important for enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity. This type of management activity contributes to obtaining additional profits through the use of the benefits of international labor and international integration, as well as identifying prospects and possible options for the development of foreign economic activity of organizations. That is why the technology of foreign economic activity planning is becoming especially relevant today. The article considers the factors influencing the planning of foreign economic activity of the enterprise, investigates the theoretical foundations of planning, suggests ways to improve the planning of foreign economic activity of the enterprise to increase competitiveness. The company’s success in the domestic or global market is its competitiveness, and as a result there is stability in the market. Competitiveness is the ability of an enterprise to conduct a fair competition in the chosen market, using all its resources productively, and as a result to make a profit. If the company occupies a leading position in the competitive market, then its product is in demand from consumers and has some advantages over the products of competitors. Managing the competitiveness of the enterprise is partly a function of general management, the purpose of which is to ensure the viability and sustainable operation of the enterprise in the event of any changes in the external environment. International competitiveness is the achievement by an enterprise of competitive advantages in competition on the international market. The study of competitiveness revealed its factors that influence the planning of imports. Internal factors depend on the nature of the enterprise, while external – on the state of the environment. Thus, successful foreign economic activity is determined by the optimal organizational structure of the department of foreign economic activity, coordination of all departments and specialists who provide export-import operations of the enterprise.

This article examines the main priorities of developing construction industry and increase its export potential and competitiveness, management of economic growth efficiency of construction and assembly enterprises.

Many countries produce different types of wines. Each one possesses its special technologies, unique wine brands. The article analyzes the world wine market and assesses the competitiveness of one of the world’s main exporters of this drink, Spain.

The article emphasizes the importance of competitiveness in ensuring the viability of enterprises. A comparative analysis of changes in Ukraine's position in the TOP-10 ranking of leading countries in the world market of metal products is carried out. It is substantiated that the determining factors influencing the competitiveness of export-dependent enterprises are anti-dumping and protective measures on the world market. A comprehensive study of the impact of anti-dumping and safeguard measures on the competitiveness of metallurgical enterprises in terms of increasing the EU's ambition to reduce the carbon footprint of metal products is provided. The analytical apparatus for assessing the impact of anti-dumping and safeguard measures on the competitiveness of metallurgical enterprises is deepened. It is emphasized that together with the whole civilized world, Ukraine has undertaken to implement European environmental legislation, joined the Green Climate Fund and determined the National Carbon Contribution in accordance with the requirements of the Paris Climate Agreement. Emphasis is placed on the expected introduction of Carbon border adjustment by the European Commission in the coming years. The detrimental effect on the competitiveness of metallurgical enterprises of the introduction of the EU Carbon border adjustment is described. A comparative analysis of the effect of Carbon border adjustment for the EU and Ukraine is performed. The Carbon border adjustment formats proposed by the European Commission are considered. It is justified that the introduction of Carbon border adjustment will not accelerate but slow down the decarbonization process, as the capital investment of steel producers can be significantly reduced, which will ultimately lead to a loss of their competitiveness. It is emphasized that the introduction of Carbon border adjustment will not be limited to sectoral consequences, but will have a significant impact on the economy of Ukraine as a whole. An arsenal of effective measures to mitigate it is identified, the introduction of which in domestic practice will allow to make effective and optimal management decisions to maintain the position of domestic metallurgical enterprises in the TOP-10 leading countries in the production of metal products.

O Brasil possui ampla variedade de plantas que fornecem substâncias biológicas que podem ser utilizadas para o desenvolvimento de produtos cosméticos, contribuindo para a saúde humana e o mercado mundial. Embora existam estudos sobre essas substancias, muitas delas ficam retidas nos artigos científicos e no registro de patentes. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar uma prospecção científica e tecnológica sobre o potencial de plantas com ação antimicrobiana e antioxidante para o desenvolvimento de cosméticos. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento de dados científicos utilizando o Portal de Periódicos Capes (pesquisa 1 e 2) e prospecção tecnológica (pesquisa 3), na busca de patentes na base de dados europeia Espacenet. Os resultados demonstraram 9 plantas com atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante associada o que podem torna-las ótima opção para incorporação em cosméticos. Observou-se que há produção científica por pesquisadores brasileiros sobre potencial biológico de plantas, mas poucas patentes são depositadas no Brasil ao comparar com as estrangeiras, principalmente no que se refere à descrição da ação para a produção de cosméticos.

As competition in international and national markets intensifies, it is important to create a system to protect economic actors from potential threats and adverse factors. To solve these issues, it is necessary to ensure the effective functioning of the insurance market, which is one of the important components of financial security. Without the developed insurance market, it will be impossible to ensure the social and economic progress of the country, its corporate security, welfare etc. The current state of the world insurance market has certain features, which makes it possible to adapt to the change of the modern world and improve the work of the insurance industry. To create a clear insurance market, it is necessary to develop an effective policy as to the insurance activities of both the insurer and the reinsurers, as well as to establish solvency insurance systems. The development of the insurance market is accompanied by many economic, regulatory, organizational, methodological and personnel issues. The publication is aimed at studying and distinguishing the peculiarities of development of the world market of insurance services. On the basis of studying the works of scholars, the main features of the modern insurance market are provided; key signs of the insurance industry are presented; statistical information on trends in the insurance market development during 2019 in the following regions: North and Latin America, Western Europe, Asia, European developing countries. The impact of COVID-19 on the state of the insurance industry in Europe has been characterized. As result of studying the key trends in the future development of the insurance market, the main components that are necessary for the formation of an effective policy of insurance companies in the context of COVID-19 have been formed as follows: digitalization, innovation, analytics, feedback.

Software is believed to be increasingly the prima donna of today's computerized era. This is because the world is getting easier to reach with digital assistance, which is becoming more and more trendy. Tech is lagging in travel business activities. Many tourism business people are now increasingly interested in conducting their tour promos online to quickly increase local tourism products' marketing to the international market. So to ensure correctness, we have undertaken a practical study with literature reviews and travel publications. We prioritize the latest literature between 2015 and 2021, considering that the digital world is changing rapidly. To get valid and convincing results, we choose a coding analysis system, in-depth evaluation so that the conclusions we get an answer to this study's problems. Because this study relies on current data from searches from Google doc data, ERIC publications, Google scholarships, and other data sources is the main source. With the consideration of the existing literature, we conclude that now tourism actors in many countries are increasingly using digital applications in marketing tourism products in the world market share. Hopefully, this finding will provide meaningful input for all parties engaged in the tourism sector.

The purpose of this study was to investigate competitiveness of Travel and Tourism industry of Sub-Saharan African countries in the world market. The study used Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) and Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) indexes as a measure of competitiveness based on secondary data from ITC trade database covering between 2000 and 2019. The findings of the study revealed that SSA countries like Mauritius, South Africa, Seychelles and Namibia have competitive T&T industry consistently in the years between 2000 and 2019. However, SSA countries such as Botswana, Tanzania, Senegal, Kenya and Rwanda have competitiveness vary by years. Moreover, South Africa has highest comparative advantage followed by Tanzania and Mauritius. The study provided valuable information to industry leaders, policy makers, business owners and international organizations such as UN and UNESCO to design appropriate strategies and systems aiming to sustain and improve travel and tourism industry competitiveness in SSA countries. It is the first study in applying NRCA and RTA indexes to investigate the competitiveness of T&T Industry in SSA countries. Keywords: Competitiveness; export; import; performance; tourism; travel

The review analyzes the state of the nanocoating market, shows main types of nanocoatings, as well as drivers and barriers to their development and application. Modern progress in the field of nanotechnology allows us to attribute nanocoating to high performance materials, the structure and properties of which can be “designed” according to specific functional criteria and the level of environmental impact. They present unique remarkable characteristics compared to conventional coating materials in construction industry. The government’s grandiose plans to commission new housing and road infrastructure, as well as ambitious projects to develop the Arctic and ensure national security, should lead to the growth of the industry as a whole, as well as to an increase in demand for more efficient, innovative building materials, including nanocoatings and nanopaints

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the perceptions by owners and staff working in causal full-service restaurants in Macao of their two major subcultures of customers: Hong Kong Chinese and Taiwan Chinese in terms of their dining behavior and preferences. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face interviews with 36 service staff of casual dining restaurants in Macao were conducted through the purposive convenience sampling method. Thematic content analysis was conducted in the data analysis. Findings The results reveal that although the customers from the two Chinese subcultures have a similar appearance, use the same Chinese characters and share common cultural inheritances; their dining behavior and preferences are perceived as being different. Practical implications Practical implications are given on how to better design the products and services to meet each subgroup’s needs for enhancing customers’ experience and service quality in restaurant settings. Originality/value This study focuses on examining if there are any sub-cultural differences in food behaviors and preferences among Hong Kong and Taiwan visitors, who are the major tourist sources in the world market. It contributes to the scarce literature on intracultural dining variances of sub-groups within Chinese.

The effect of excessive volatility in world market currencies caused by COVID-19, especially on the tourism industry, is pervasive. This paper examines the foreign currency risk of 131 tourism firm...