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The Interpolated Sounding (INTERPSONDE) value-added product (VAP) uses a combination of observations from radiosonde soundings, the microwave radiometer (MWR), and surface meteorological instruments in order to define profiles of the atmospheric thermodynamic state at one-minute temporal intervals and a total of at least 266 altitude levels. This VAP is part of the Merged Sounding (MERGESONDE) suite of VAPs. INTERPSONDE is the profile of the atmospheric thermodynamic state created using the algorithms of MERGESONDE without including the model data from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). More specifically, INTERPSONDE VAP represents an intermediate step within the larger MERGESONDE process.

This document describes the process applied to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) from multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSR) and normal incidence multifilter radiometers (NIMFR) operated at the ARM Climate Research Facility’s ground-based facilities.

The G-Band Vapor Radiometer Precipitable Water Vapor (GVRPWV) value-added product (VAP) computes precipitable water vapor using neural network techniques from data measured by the GVR. The GVR reports time-series measurements of brightness temperatures for four channels located at 183.3 ± 1, 3, 7, and 14 GHz.

Paneer is a South Asian variety of soft cheese prepared by addition of citric acid and heat coagulation of milk. It can be used in the preparation of a number of several culinary preparations and snacks. In India, around 7 per cent of the total milk produced is being converted to paneer. Value addition of paneer to make it more attractive in ready to eat form of nuggets in another way to delight consumers. Paneer nuggets are value added product prepared from paneer by steam cooking method. An economic viability is the most important factor to make place in the market for any food product along with its quality and sensory parameters. Considering the prevailing market, price of paneer nuggets is 300 per kg, cost of the developed paneer nuggets was 216.11 per kg a profit of 83.89 per kg could be obtained which is a good profit margin for the commercial viability and sustainability of the product. The break even output was calculated at 4.36 kg of product which is lower than the actual level of production indicating the viability of this enterprise.

The purpose of this document is to describe the Raman Lidar Profiles–Temperature (RLPROFTEMP) value-added product (VAP) and the procedures used to derive atmospheric temperature profiles from the raw RL measurements. Sections 2 and 4 describe the input and output variables, respectively. Section 3 discusses the theory behind the measurement and the details of the algorithm, including calibration and overlap correction.

The cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration at cloud base is the most relevant measure of the aerosol that influences droplet formation in clouds. Since the CCN concentration depends on supersaturation, a more general measure of the CCN concentration is the CCN spectrum (values at multiple supersaturations). The CCN spectrum is now measured at the surface at several fixed ARM sites and by the ARM Mobile Facility (AMF), but is not measured at the cloud base. Rather than rely on expensive aircraft measurements for all studies of aerosol effects on clouds, a way to project CCN measurements at the surface to cloud base is needed. Remote sensing of aerosol extinction provides information about the vertical profile of the aerosol, but cannot be directly related to the CCN concentration because the aerosol extinction is strongly influenced by humidification, particularly near cloud base. Ghan and Collins (2004) and Ghan et al. (2006) propose a method to remove the influence of humidification from the extinction profiles and tie the “dry extinction” retrieval to the surface CCN concentration, thus estimating the CCN profile. This methodology has been implemented as the CCN Profile (CCNPROF) value-added product (VAP).

Phorbol esters (PEs) are diterpenes present in Jatropha curcas L. seeds and have a myriad of biological activities. Since PEs are toxic, they are considered to be futile in Jatropha-based biodiesel production chain. In the present study, the extracted PEs from Jatropha oil were used as a starting material to synthesise pharmacologically important compound, prostratin. The prostratin synthesised from Jatropha showed identical mass with that of the reference standard prostratin, as determined by Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Considering the rapid growth in Jatropha biodiesel industry, potential exists to harness large amount of PEs which can be further utilised to synthesise prostratin as a value added product.

An experimental study was conducted on the utilization of lamp shell locally known as ugpan to determine the value added products from it. The species of ugpan used was Lingula unguis and was collected in the coastal zone of Nabuswang, Canmoros, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental. Ugpan was tested as raw material into value added products. The meat was utilized into ugpan nuggets and the pedicle was used into crispy ugpan. The liking of ugpan nuggets and crispy ugpan were determined using sensory evaluation. The acceptability of the quality attributes of the value added product was determined using the 9-point hedonic scale. The liking of crispy ugpan showed 80 and 90 for the ugpan nuggets. The acceptability of crispy ugpan had a mean of 8.33 which meant like very much or very much acceptable, while the ugpan nuggets had a mean of 8.0 which meant like very much. The overall quality had a mean score of higher than 8 which means that the ugpan can be utilized into value added products. Improving the quality of ugpan nuggets can increase the hedonic score for the acceptance of the product. The result of this study will served as the extension project of the institution. Keywords - Technology, crispy ugpan, Lingula unguis, quality, ugpan nuggets, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva analisar a proposta de valor decorrente da identidade de marcas desenvolvidas por produtores rurais no Brasil. A análise da identidade de marcas foi baseada no modelo de planejamento da identidade de Aaker (1996). A metodologia adotada foi o estudo de casos múltiplos junto a seis produtores rurais de alimentos que criaram suas próprias marcas. Os casos contemplam dois produtores de leite, um criador de suínos, um produtor de frutas, um produtor de mel e um produtor de cachaça orgânica. Os resultados apontam para marcas conscientes de suas responsabilidades com relação aos clientes, consumidores, meio ambiente e sociedade. [Development of trademark for farm products: a study multi-case in Brazil]. Abstract: This paper aims to examine the proposal of value from the identity of the brands of foods developed by farmers in Brazil. The analysis of the identity of the brands was based on the Aaker (1996) model. The methodology was the multicase studies with six food rural producers - two producers of milk, a pig farmer, a producer of fruit, a producer of honey and a producer of organic “caipirinha”. The results indicate that brand awareness of their responsibilities with respect to customers, consumers, environment and society.

Background: Dates, because of their rich nutritional value can be used to develop muffins as value added product with partial replacement of sucrose with date syrup. The objective of this study was to develop high fiber containing product utilizing date syrup and wheat bran as recommended level of fiber is low in our diets. Method: 7 treatments of date bran muffins for varying concentration of date syrup i.e. 30, 40 and 50% were used with varying amount of wheat bran from 2.5 to 5% by keeping other ingredients constant. These muffins were analyzed for shelf life stability at ambient storage condition for 4 days. Nutritional analysis (moisture, ash, fat, protein, fiber and carbohydrate) was done along with mineral and sensory evaluation. Results and Conclusions: Sensory evaluation revealed that T5 (2.5% wheat bran + 50% Date syrup) was best among all treatments. The sensory score of muffins was reduced with the passage of time. Date bran muffins contained 30.3-31.3% moisture, 0.96-1.61% ash, 26.7-27.4% crude fat, 1.3-5.6% crude fiber, 11.4-13% crude protein and 93-20.9% carbohydrate. Increasing concentrations of date syrup in date muffins caused an increasing level of protein, fiber, higher softness and more color development while calorific value decreased by increasing the amount of date syrup.

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia) is one of the potential underutilized plant species having huge multipurpose benefits including economic and ecological. Comparative study of fruit morphology, architecture, and juice yield productivity revealed that fruit berries of Seabuckthorn in Mana valley was found superior and can provide higher economic return than the berries of other plant species. Moreover, awareness programmes related to nutritional worth and development and demonstration of value added product resulted in economy generation for local inhabitants. Several countries are commercially and ecologically harnessing the potential of Seabuckthorn for livelihood enhancement and environmental conservation. Correspondingly, in Indian Himalayan region, Seabuckthorn plant can also offer benefits of nutrition, food, medicine, cosmetic, etc., to the rural people for their socioeconomic development. Findings presented here have important connotations in light of upcoming organic food and nutraceutical industries in the country. The current study will also help in developing value chain of Seabuckthorn in Uttarakhand.

Several studies have been conducted in many countries on how to increase the per capita consumption of poultry meat. With the growing demand for poultry meat, the development of value added product, such as chicken nuggets has been identified as the best way to increase poultry meat consumption. Apart from this allowing for the flourishing growth of fast food industries; chicken nuggets needs to be produced in higher quantity and to reduce cost, there is increasing interest in using of various meat additives. Though, chicken fat are edible, it is important to evolve production processes for gainful utilization of this part. So the main objective of this work was to study the effect of the addition of chicken fat and various salt contents on the physicochemical, proximate composition and sensory characteristics of chicken nuggets. Based on the results it is concluded that, even up to 5% level of chicken fat with 1.5–2% added salt there is no adverse effect in terms of physico-chemical, proximate composition and sensory qualities of cooked chicken nuggets. Even, at this fat and salt level product was more preferred by panellist than no fat-no salt chicken nuggets.

The purpose of this report is to provide a concise status update for value-added products (VAP) implemented by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. The report is divided into the following sections: (1) new VAPs for which development has begun, (2) progress on existing VAPs, (3) future VAPs that have been recently approved, (4) other work that leads to a VAP, and (5) top requested VAPs from the archive

The purpose of this report is to provide a concise status update for value-added products (VAP) implemented by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility. The report is divided into the following sections: (1) new VAPs for which development has begun, (2) progress on existing VAPs, and (3) future VAPs that have been recently approved.

Researchers around the world are studying on different carbon capture and storage (CCS) options to reduce global warming by reducing CO 2 emission from various sources. Among all these options carbonation technology has some promising benefits over other technologies such as exothermic heat, availability of feed stocks, safe carbonated product and value added product and by-product, etc. In carbonation technology CO 2 chemically reacts with Ca/Mg bearing oxides or hydroxides and transformed into an environmentally safe solid carbonate materials. This technology has attracted attention of several researchers around the world and scientists of Albany Research Centre, USA have been working on it for few years. Recently a project has been established in Newcastle, Australia to set up a carbonation plant. Considering the potential benefits mentioned above, the prospects of carbonation technology to reduce global warming by reducing CO 2 emission have been reviewed, discussed and evaluated in this study.

RESUMEEn raison des caracteristiques relatives a la geometrie de visee des radars a antenne synthetique (RAAS) montes a bord des satellites SEASAT, ERS-1, JERS-1 et RADARSAT, les images acquises par ces capteurs presenteront une sensibilite radiometrique et geometrique a la topographie locale nettement superieure aux images optiques correspondantes obtenues a partir des satellites Landsat et SPOT. Il est absolument essentiel, par consequent, que des modeles numeriques d'elevation fassent partie integrante de toute analyse des capacites des radars. Cet article presente une formulation analytique unifiee d'une methode d'analyse par simulation des RAAS — incluant le geocodage des donnees et la generation de produits a valeur ajoutee — dont le but est de faciliter l'interpretation de la scene. Les auteurs proposent le concept de facteur d'echelle topographique pour quantifier le taux moyen de distorsion geometrique dans une scene RAAS, suppose que l'on connaisse la variabilite de l'elevation d'un site. Un pro...

The main use for distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of the ethanol industry, is as livestock feed. The rapid growth of the fuel ethanol industry in the last few years has caused an increase in the supply of DDGS beyond its demand as a feed ingredient. This has triggered the need to develop other new uses of DDGS. A new value added product, biobased carriers from DDGS, has been invented to create a new market for DDGS. These carriers could be used to deliver fertilizers, livestock vaccines, plant nutrients and rodenticides, among others. This paper discusses the methods available to determine the performance of DDGS granules as biobased carriers of chemical and biological molecules used as fertilizers. Preliminary results of granulation and granule performance indicated that biobased carriers from DDGS have similar comparable quality characteristics to traditional inert carriers, and even better than currently available biobased carriers. Further in-depth studies are underway to fully understand DDGS granulation and their performance as biobased carriers for use in water dispersible granules.

Aim of the study Based on research findings this study is aimed to generate database on ethnobotanical aspects, sustainable utilization by value addition and awareness generation through outreach programme related to Hippophae salicifolia D. Don. (Elaeagnaceae) in the higher Himalayan zone of Uttarakhand in Central Himalaya, India. Materials and methods An in-depth survey from June 2004 to July 2006 followed by 480 interviews with the help of semi-structured questionnaires was carried out in 24 Hippophae growing locations in 12 different valleys of Uttarakhand. Results Plant has immense multipurpose properties and is traditionally utilized for food (20Min–90%Max), medicine (10Min–60%Max), veterinary (20Min–100%Max), fuel (10Min–80%Max), fencing (20Min–80%Max), agricultural tools (20Min–50%Max) and dye mordant (60%). Besides, awareness programmes and value added product demonstration resulted in economical upliftment of local inhabitants of Central Himalaya. Conclusion The present manuscript will certainly provide an ethnobotanical statistics’ impact on the modern scientific societies regarding conservation, cultivation and popularization of this underutilized wild edible species at mass scale. Simultaneously, these findings have important connotations in light of upcoming organic food and nutraceutical industries in the country.

This document explains the procedure to retrieve temperature and moisture profiles from high-spectral resolution infrared radiance data measured by the U.S. Department Of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation (ARM) Program’s atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer (AERI) instrument. The technique has been named the AERIPROF thermodynamic retrieval algorithm. The software has been developed over the last decade at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and has matured into an ARM Value-Added Procedure. This document will describe the AERIPROF retrieval procedure, outline the algorithm routines, discuss the software heritage, and, finally, provide references with further documentation.

For the fourth quarter ARM metric we will make use of new liquid water data that has become available, and called the 'Microbase' value added product (referred to as OBS, within the text) at three sites: the North Slope of Alaska (NSA), Tropical West Pacific (TWP) and the Southern Great Plains (SGP) and compare these observations to model forecast data. Two time periods will be analyzed March 2000 for the SGP and October 2004 for both TWP and NSA. The Microbase data have been averaged to 35 pressure levels (e.g., from 1000hPa to 100hPa at 25hPa increments) and time averaged to 3hourly data for direct comparison to our model output.

For the fourth quarter ARM metric we will make use of new liquid water data that has become available, and called the “Microbase” value added product (referred to as OBS, within the text) at three sites: the North Slope of Alaska (NSA), Tropical West Pacific (TWP) and the Southern Great Plains (SGP) and compare these observations to model forecast data. Two time periods will be analyzed March 2000 for the SGP and October 2004 for both TWP and NSA. The Microbase data have been averaged to 35 pressure levels (e.g., from 1000hPa to 100hPa at 25hPa increments) and time averaged to 3hourly data for direct comparison to our model output.

This document describes the QCRad methodology, which uses climatological analyses of the surface radiation measurements to define reasonable limits for testing the data for unusual data values. The main assumption is that the majority of the climatological data are “good” data, which for field sites operated with care such as those of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is a reasonable assumption. Data that fall outside the normal range of occurrences are labeled either “indeterminate” (meaning that the measurements are possible, but rarely occurring, and thus the values cannot be identified as good) or “bad” depending on how far outside the normal range the particular data reside. The methodology not only sets fairly standard maximum and minimum value limits, but also compares what we have learned about the behavior of these instruments in the field to other value-added products (VAPs), such as the Diffuse infrared (IR) Loss Correction VAP (Younkin and Long 2004) and the Best Estimate Flux VAP (Shi and Long 2002).

Model evolution and improvement is complicated by the lack of high quality observational data. To address a major limitation of these measurements the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program was formed. For the second quarter ARM metric we will make use of new water vapor data that has become available, and called the 'Merged-sounding' value added product (referred to as OBS, within the text) at three sites: the North Slope of Alaska (NSA), Darwin Australia (DAR) and the Southern Great Plains (SGP) and compare these observations to model forecast data. Two time periods will be analyzed March 2000 for the SGP and October 2004 for both DAR and NSA. The merged-sounding data have been interpolated to 37 pressure levels (e.g., from 1000hPa to 100hPa at 25hPa increments) and time averaged to 3 hourly data for direct comparison to our model output.

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of variety and fermentation time on rice wine quality. Two rice varieties, X- Jigna and Gomera, and three fermentation times, 5, 6 and 7 days were used to study the physicochemical and sensory qualities of wine. Significant difference was observed at P

Simple single black detector pyranometers, such as the Eppley Precision Spectral Pyranometer (PSP) used by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, are known to lose energy via infrared (IR) emission to the sky. This is especially a problem when making clear-sky diffuse shortwave (SW) measurements, which are inherently of low magnitude and suffer the greatest IR loss. Dutton et al. (2001) proposed a technique using information from collocated pyrgeometers to help compensate for this IR loss. The technique uses an empirically derived relationship between the pyrgeometer detector data (and alternatively the detector data plus the difference between the pyrgeometer case and dome temperatures) and the nighttime pyranometer IR loss data. This relationship is then used to apply a correction to the diffuse SW data during daylight hours. We developed an ARM value-added product (VAP) called the SW DIFF CORR 1DUTT VAP to apply the Dutton et al. correction technique to ARM PSP diffuse SW measurements.

The beef industry is becoming increasingly aware of the need to transform many of these slaughter cows into a value added product. Opportunities exist for a producer to develop a culled cow management program by identifying marketing options which allow marketing pounds of meat and by-products at the most opportune time for the greatest return. Key areas of such a program are maintenance of a quality assurance program, seasonal marketing flexibility, and cow weight., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1997

The care and feeding of product designers has always been a significant challenge for managers. The design function includes both routine and creative elements, and their relative proportions vary from one product to another. For mature products, routine tasks such as selecting components from catalogs and calculating parameters with known equations is a major part of design. For emerging products, the creative portion plays a larger part. As a class of products matures, its designs become more standardized and the design tasks more routine.

The objectives of this study were to develop a value added product, goat mortadella, using meat from discarded animals; to evaluate pork fat at various levels of inclusion in mortadella in an effort to reduce the fat content of the product; to determine consumer acceptability; and to determine the physico-chemical properties of this goat product. Three goat mortadella formulations were manufactured containing 10, 20 and 30% pork fat. The sensory characteristics, microbiological and proximate analysis, starch, chlorides, pH, water activity (Aw), water holding capacity (WHC), emulsion stability and CIE colour characteristics (i.e. a*, b* and L*) of the mortadella were evaluated. The total number of thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Clostridium sulphite-reducers in the goat mortadella were in accordance with Brazilian legislation. Consumer panellists detected significant differences (P