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To what extent is diplomacy a depolarizing tool of international society? This article proposes a novel theoretical and empirical focus on depolarization in international politics of gender and sexuality. It operationalizes the concepts of polarization and depolarization and integrates them with Self/Other theory in international relations. It puts forward an argument that the logic of diplomacy is, although not unequivocally, compatible with the logic of depolarization. The claim and the application of the framework are illustrated with a case study of gender equality and LGBT+ rights diplomacies in Poland. Based on the empirical findings, the article contends that diplomacy is primarily a practice of depolarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prejudice and negative attitudes toward stronger gender-equality policies are often associated with personal traits such as sexism. An alternate perspective focuses on intergroup threats in resource-scarce situations, highlighting economic frustration. Centered on South Korea, this study examines the connection between deepening pessimistic economic perceptions among young men and their opposition to gender equality, based on intergroup threat theory. Analyzing data from the 2019 Unification Survey, we find that young Korean men expressed less support for gender-equality policies than other segments of the population. And among Korean men in their twenties, a pessimistic view of their economic status correlated with weaker endorsement of gender-equality policies. In contrast, we saw no significant link in this group between sexist attitudes and resistance to gender-equality policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For children who show strongly deviant behaviour in the Netherlands, a distinction is made between behavioural problems and psychiatric problems. As a result, two different domains have emerged over time, each with its own legal frameworks and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consequently, there is no well-organized, coherent system for youth mental health care in the Netherlands. This strong dichotomy raises the question whether patients are being admitted to facilities where they are receiving appropriate care. In addition, referral bias can arise, because the type of complaint with which a young person presents is often dependent on the type of coping of the individual and thus, in turn, the gender of the patient. In this Position Paper, we examined the gender distribution at a youth psychiatric high and intensive care (HIC-Y) and other streams of youth care in the Netherlands to explore possible inequities in access to psychiatric care among children and adolescents. Results show that girls are significantly more likely than boys to be admitted to the HIC-Y for suicidal thoughts, self-harm and emotional dysregulation. In fact, girls account for 80% of all admissions, while boys account for only 20%. In contrast, regional and national reports from youth services and probation show a majority of boys being admitted (56–89%). The way care is organized (lack of cross-domain collaboration and the interplay between gender-dependent coping and exclusion criteria) seems to play a role in the underrepresentation of boys in acute psychiatry and their overrepresentation in secure youth care. Based on our research results, the concern is raised whether boys have a greater chance of undertreatment for psychiatric problems. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying factors that contribute to gender bias in psychiatric admissions, and to develop interventions that promote gender equality in healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gender gap in both employment and labour participation has narrowed markedly in recent decades in Spain. However, this decline seems to have slowed and shows a certain persistence. The solution to this problem can respond to different regulatory or non-regulatory policies. This article studies the evolution of the regulatory framework for the formulation of possible policy recommendations. We identify and quantify for the first time when, at what rate and in what regions, Spanish administrations have adopted regulations aimed at combating discrimination against women, achieving gender equality or approved measures related to the work-life balance. The study is based on a text analysis of 297,402 regulations adopted in the period 1996–2022. The indicators reveal the high degree of heterogeneity in terms of the legislation. Non-discrimination legislation was the most developed and frequent, with 11,228 regional regulations and 2590 central administration regulations adopted. We show that the volume of new regulations, mainly those related to discrimination and work-life balance, has contributed to the reduction in gender gaps. Policy actions by administrations should concentrate on these two modes of intervention. The general analysis of regulation in this area also allows for some recommendations in terms of "better regulation" policies, such as the introduction of gender equality assessments (specific regulatory impact reports). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses three key aspects of the importance of gender equality within ocean and maritime law-making: the employment of gender sensitive language in recognising the roles and responsibilities of 'all people' who work and benefit from ocean activities; the low representation of women in male-dominated ocean governance structures; and a human rights approach to gender equality as a critical means of using law to effectively improve working conditions and support systems for women. In the past decades, gender equality in maritime and ocean affairs has been evolving in international legal instruments in terms of progress in the inclusion of gender sensitive language and specific provisions. Reviews of these legal instruments demonstrate the need to overcome gender blindness and promote equality in maritime and ocean domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the implementation of equality interventions within higher education, progress towards gender parity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remains slow. Male educators often exhibit poorer engagement with diversity initiatives, potentially contributing to persisting gender disparities in STEM given men's longstanding dominance in these programs. Two experiments investigate how equality interventions should be designed to maximize support from male educators. Experiment 1 (N = 72; Mage = 39.72, SDage = 12.33) used virtual reality to manipulate 2 factors among male academics: (1) exposure to gender inequality and (2) virtually taking the perspective of a female scientist. Using self-report and behavioral measures, viewing an empirical presentation outlining the prevalence of gender issues in STEM yielded the greatest support for equality initiatives following successful perspective-taking. Experiment 2 (N = 120; Mage = 32.48, SDage = 10.36) varied two additional factors among male academics: (1) evidence-based methods to reduce gender biases in STEM (i.e., promoting self-efficacy) and (2) blaming male academics for gender inequalities. Promoting self-efficacy and blaming men for disparities led to greater confidence in male academics' ability to address gender inequalities in their field. Notably, higher self-efficacy accounted for greater support for equality initiatives and internal motives to engage with diversity programs. Findings provide an empirical framework and high-tech training tools for promoting engagement with diversity initiatives among male educators, informing development of interventions within higher education to improve student and faculty experiences in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on lottery gambling shows that players do not select numbers randomly, a phenomenon which is called conscious selection. Mainly, players prefer "small" numbers (less than thirty), either because of the existence of small lucky numbers or because they are victims of the so-called birthday-number effect. Because lotto games are parimutuel, such preferences result in poor ticket choices in terms of achieving below average returns. Using data from Belgium, where approximately 10% of the population plays lotto games every week, this paper extends prior literature by documenting the existence of a gender gap in the birthday-number effect, with women displaying a stronger birthday-number effect than men, as well as the non-persistence of the birthday-number effect (and consecutively of the gender gap) when participants are asked to fill in a second lotto ticket immediately after their first one. The disappearance of the birthday-number effect in sequential choices appears to be driven by response speed, with participants being twice as fast to fill in the second ticket compared to the first one. Moreover, we find that participants who bet on their birthday numbers take significantly more time to complete their ticket. Contrary to prior research, we find that the strength of the birthday-number effect is positively related to deliberative number choices, not intuitive and automatic number choices. Our results are robust to controlling for potential confounding effects including those related to participants' age, education, self-esteem, and superstitious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's underrepresentation in top political science journals has been a central concern of both the American Political Science Association and the European Consortium of Political Research, which have promoted studies to assess the extent and features of the gender gap. However, so far in Southern Europe, research on this topic has been scarce. Our work adds to the literature by presenting new data on three journals: the Italian Political Science Review, the Spanish Political Science Review and South European Society and Politics. The research has three main goals: to gauge the gender gap in the three journals; to examine whether gender influences publication preferences; and to investigate how career intersects with gendered publication strategies. The analysis is built on a database of almost 800 articles and about 1400 authors, published in these three journals in 2011–2022. Our main findings are that South European journals reveal a gender gap similar to other international journals, where just one-third of authors are women; that this publication gap is accompanied by gendered publication strategies; and that the routes men and women follow to succeed in academic publishing diverge at every career stage. Finally, we argue that women's preferred strategies may not offer the optimum path to career success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Video games remain a male-dominated environment where sexism persists. Although women make up almost half of the gamer community, they encounter gender discrimination, anti-feminist themes, and sexist attitudes within the community, especially when participating in online games. As a result, both sexism against women within online video games and how women's participation is perceived by other gamers have become relevant for investigation. We conducted two experiments to examine how a woman gamer's ostensible adherence to a feminist identity and the type of collective action for gender equality she participates in would influence perceptions of a sexist incident in an online video game. In Study 1 (145 women and 146 men), we randomly assigned participants to read a vignette about a woman gamer described as feminist or a regular gamer. In both vignettes the woman was subjected to sexist comments and we measured the extent to which participants blamed the woman for these comments. In Study 2 (168 women and 232 men), we manipulated the type of collective action for gender equality (normative vs. non normative vs. control) performed by a woman gamer who was described as a feminist and measured victim blame. In both studies we measured participants' level of sexism toward women gamers. Results showed that participants who more strongly endorsed sexist attitudes against women gamers attributed more blame to the feminist woman gamer who was a victim of a sexist incident (vs. the regular woman gamer) and to a woman gamer who performed non–normative collective actions (vs. control). Both studies confirm the relevance of the interaction between sexist attitudes and gender-relevant characteristics of women gamers for victim blaming in sexist incidents. These findings are an important step towards understanding and addressing sexist experiences for women in online gaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street harassment is a widespread problem that affects women from all backgrounds, often leading to negative psychological consequences such as anxiety, depression, and reduced self-worth. Despite the pioneering development of laws protecting women's rights, Spanish culture often normalizes this type of violence against women, and research on this context remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 245 women in Spain to investigate the occurrence and impact of street harassment on psychological well-being. We used the Street Harassment Assessment Scale, a self-report measure designed to evaluate the prevalence and frequency of street harassment, and explored its association with anxiety, fear of rape, avoidance behavior, self-esteem, and adherence to sexist beliefs. The results showed that 98% of women experienced street harassment, with 80% reporting monthly occurrences. The frequency of street harassment was correlated with increased anxiety, fear of rape and avoidance behavior, and lower self-esteem. Additionally, the results supported the link between the endorsement of sexist ideology and lower identification of events. Collectively, the results underscore the negative impact of street harassment on women's well-being and freedom, highlighting its role as a patriarchal tool that perpetuates female objectification and subordination. An integrative feminist perspective involving various fields, including psychology, public policy, and education, among others, is necessary to create safer environments for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nigeria's neurosurgical field faces profound challenges, including a critically low neurosurgeon-to-patient ratio and significant migration of medical professionals to developed countries. High costs, low socioeconomic status, and the urban-centric location of neurosurgical centers impede access to care. Key barriers to service delivery include lack of manpower, insufficient emergency care, limited imaging modalities, inadequate operative equipment, and ineffective political and administrative policies. Neurotrauma is the primary reason for neurosurgical intervention but is poorly managed due to delayed access and insufficient guidelines. The neurosurgical education system is strained by limited training capacity and the absence of subspecializations, restricting specialized care. Research output is low, hindered by limited infrastructure, lack of databases, insufficient funding, and minimal international collaboration. To address these issues, it is critical to enhance the imaging capabilities, ensure the availability of operative equipment, and establish effective policies for task sharing and communication at different levels of care. Other approaches include expanding training capacity, particularly in rural areas, implementing a uniform match system for residency, addressing gender disparities, and utilizing dual practice to ensure adequate compensation for neurosurgeons. Furthermore, stakeholders should develop subspecialization programs in areas such as neurovascular, neuro-oncology, pediatric neurosurgery, and minimally invasive neurosurgery to expand service scope. To transform the neurosurgical research landscape, efforts should be made to establish electronic medical databases, foster international collaborations to ensure funding, and make research mandatory for accreditation renewal to ensure continuous academic contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-Saharan Africa has become known for its growing number of women political decision makers, and its progressive policies and laws such as gender quotas. Yet we still do not know enough about how politically active women themselves perceive the challenges and opportunities of being women in politics, and how their experiences differ because of intersecting inequalities. Inspired by the intersectional approach and literature on women and politics in Africa, this article examines politically active women's perceptions and experiences of electoral politics in Kenya. Through their own stories, it describes how diverse Kenyan women experience political inclusion and exclusion not only as women, but also simultaneously through the complex combinations of such intersecting identities and structural social positionalities as ethnicity and class. Taking party nominations, political campaigning, and electoral violence as examples, the article illustrates how intersecting patterns cross-cut electoral processes. By identifying barriers to their political inclusion, politically active women explain how things should not be, and in doing so, they participate in imagining and outlining new ways of conducting politics in Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the prevalence of anti-gender politics in Europe, political institutions such as parliaments have become arenas of political struggles around gender and gender equality. While feminist scholarship has studied anti-gender politics, less attention has been paid to feminist responses to such opposition. The contribution of this article is to conceptualize feminist responses to anti-gender politics within political institutions, which we name feminist institutional responses. This conceptualization entails proposing a set of analytical categories for capturing forms of feminist institutional responses – namely, knowledge, coalition building, rule making, and everyday pragmatic engagement. We analyze 50 plenary debates on gender equality and two plenary debates on the State of the Union, as well as 135 interviews with members of the European Parliament and political staff during two terms that witnessed a rise in anti-gender politics, 2014–2019 and 2019–2024. The conceptualization of feminist institutional responses to anti-gender politics in parliaments is important for identifying how institutional actors are countering the destructive potential of anti-gender politics and safeguarding parliaments as democratic sites for the advancement of gender equality policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, the literature on norm diffusion in the post-Soviet space has grown dramatically. Increasingly, scholars have stressed the role of geopolitical competition between powerful international actors, notably Russia and the European Union (EU), in achieving and/or resisting liberal-democratic reform in the region. This article contributes to this recent research by adding a corrective to the literature, exploring the agency of local rather than external actors in the contestation of global gender equality norms through the high-value cases of Armenia and Georgia. By uncovering taken-for-granted gendered power dimensions in local norm contestation – a subject barely addressed in the norm diffusion literature – the article offers an explanation for the persistence of non-democratic trends in the post-Soviet space as a whole. Specifically, the article examines populist political masculinities contesting EU gender equality policies and related norms concerning violence against women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) rights, arguing that in Armenia and Georgia, it is local populist actors, using taken-for-granted patriarchal and heterosexual discourses to reclaim local masculinities and their political legitimacy, who represent a major challenge to gender equality norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss the radical gender equality reforms in the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES), also known as Rojava, and how they have affected women's lives since the implementation of the Women's Law in 2014. Based on 40 in-depth interviews, eight group interviews, and participant observation, this ethnographic study illustrates how the ideal of the "free" woman permeates society in North and East Syria, prescribing desired forms of behavior and appearance. Drawing on the literature on gender and nationalism in postcolonial processes of state building, my study provides an analysis of the AANES' gender discourse that considers the real-life governing effects of the reforms. Building from the Foucauldian premise that modern power engenders disciplinary practices, I examine how awareness-raising efforts and education seminars establish new forms of control in the public sphere. I contend that the reforms operate as governing tools and, as such, shape women's subjectivities. Engendering both discipline and resistance, they result in the emergence of new subjectivities that are not entirely determined by either ideology or by patriarchal structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The payment of child support is one of the main challenges regarding gender equity and economic justice. Recent figures show that 84% of child support payments decreed by the family courts are not paid, and in nine out of ten cases the plaintiffs are women. This article explores the experiences of nonpayment of child support from a gender perspective. For this purpose, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women in the cities of Antofagasta, Santiago de Chile, and Temuco, as part of a study on women’s economic autonomy in Chile. The findings show that non-payment of child support is closely linked to the persistence of the feminization of reproduction and the absence of co-responsibility in child-rearing and childcare. It is also related to a reluctance to request the payment of child support as a strategy to avoid economic dependence, vulnerability to violence, and institutional revictimization. This evidence suggests that nonpayment of child support constitutes a form of economic violence and that cultural norms and social dynamics with respect to gender are at the root of tensions over co-responsibility in the reproductive sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the intricate interplay between cinema, theology, and gender-based violence through a feminist lens. It centers on the film Mulan as a unique source of theological reflection in addressing cases of gender-based violence. The title, "The Body as a Battlefield," encapsulates the core theme of this research, emphasizing the body as a contested terrain where power dynamics and societal norms converge. Through a meticulous feminist interpretation of the film, we explore how Mulan's narrative challenges traditional gender roles, illuminates the resilience of the female body, and offers a fresh perspective on theological discourse. By bridging the realms of film analysis, feminist theology, and social justice, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how popular culture can serve as a resource for theological engagement in the pursuit of gender equality and the eradication of gender-based violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why, despite increased female support, do social democratic parties (SDPs) in most Western European countries face electoral decline? To study this puzzle, we harness a well-documented regularity: diminishing support for SDPs by manual workers and their increased support for the far right. We contend that this trend is intensified in contexts where the economic positions of SDPs align with market-oriented policies or converge with those of the far right. Additionally, as men are disproportionately represented among manual workers, this shift contributes to the reversal of the gender gap in support for SDPs. Drawing on public opinion data from 18 countries spanning half a century, along with labor and party economic position data, our findings substantiate this argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maternal mortality ratio is one of the significant indicators of a country's healthcare quality and development. In recent years, Türkiye has made significant advancements in maternal and child health services. However, it has been discussed that stagnation has been observed in recent years, and the migration from Syria and the COVID‐19 pandemic have significantly overshadowed this success. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current situation of the maternal mortality level in the country based on the experiences and views of experts working in this area. Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of academics, representatives of public institutions, and NGOs to understand the mechanisms of success in maternal mortality in the 1990s. Thematic analysis was used to understand the reasons for the stagnation of the decline in maternal mortality and to develop recommendations for reducing maternal mortality. Results: Twenty‐five key informant interviews were conducted. Positive developments contributing to the success of maternal mortality, problems and obstacles hindering further progress and suggestions/recommendations are the themes of this research. The key informants highlighted the health transformation policies, the lack of data on the impact of COVID‐19, recent migration on maternal mortality, inadequate education and training on sexual and reproductive health (SRH), the absence of rights‐based policies, and gender equality as critical issues in current policies. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study underline the importance of the availability, accessibility, and quality of SRH services and empowering women, girls, families, and communities to eliminate preventable maternal mortality levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite equivalent qualifications, experience, and degrees, women are underrepresented in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) leadership. Understanding the factors behind this is crucial for addressing the issue. Although recent studies have shed light on the influence of a male-dominated culture, systematic barriers, and unconscious biases in contributing to the underrepresentation of female leaders, there is a scarcity of studies addressing the sociopsychological theories underlying cultural expectations and norms that contribute to the gender gap in the AEC industry. Social psychology introduces the self-presentation theory, proposing that individuals actively shape their self-image and the impressions they convey to others. According to this theory, people strategically choose and present information about themselves to cultivate a positive impression. Hence, this theory posits that individuals belonging to a minority, under the pressure of cultural norms and expectations, align their self-presentation with the anticipated roles assigned to them. Our study employs a data-driven methodology that uses natural language processing to explore the gender self-presentation gap. We analyzed 2,800 publicly available LinkedIn profiles of leaders within the top engineering firms ranked based on gross revenue. Our analysis delves into how these leaders present themselves, sharing their biographies, skills, and capacity on social media platform, and contrasts this self-presentation with how their colleagues evaluate their skills through the recommendation section. The findings reveal a higher similarity, both semantically and textually, between received recommendations and the skills and biographies of female leaders. Female leaders tend to present their skills in a way that aligns with others' expectations more than male counterparts. This study underscores the significance of addressing cultural norm biases as a pivotal step toward achieving increased gender equality within leadership roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of land to foster peace, stability, and socioeconomic development makes "good" land governance a pathway through which cities can attain sustainable development. However, for land governance to achieve most of its objectives, it has to meet the demands of vulnerable populations, particularly women, since they also need to meet their housing needs. By employing importance-performance analysis (IPA), this study examines the importance of land governance attributes to women in the Ibadan urban periphery, as well as the corresponding performance of the attributes. One hundred and eight seven questionnaires, randomly administered to women across neighbourhoods in the sampled peripheries, were recovered for analysis. Results revealed that performance was unsatisfactory and inconsistent with their expectations. In particular, attributes under transparency, equity, and corruption resistance in land administration, though highly important, significantly underperformed. These attributes were recommended as areas to prioritise to protect women's interests and, by extension, promote gender equality in the urban periphery of Ibadan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the intersection of women's empowerment and water management throughout Africa, examining the diverse roles women undertake in water governance through the lens of case studies and initiatives showcasing their contributions to sustainable development. Utilising interdisciplinary perspectives, the paper scrutinises policy frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and challenges confronting women in water management, emphasising the necessity of gender-responsive approaches and collaborative efforts to foster equitable and resilient water systems. Through empowerment, innovation, and partnership, women emerge as pivotal catalysts for change in navigating the intricate landscape of water governance across the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the drivers of farmers' dissatisfaction with market-specification contracts for finger millet crop in Kenya. The researcher analysed data from 336 farmers contracted by USOMI, out of which a sub-sample of 146 farmers who grew millet in 2021 was analysed using a probit model and descriptive analysis approach, which showed that asymmetric information related to the role of the contracting firm, lack of adequate understanding of the contract, poor pricing, and input market imperfections are some of the critical constraints and sources of dissatisfaction in the commercialisation of millet farming in Western Kenya. On the other hand, farmers' satisfaction is driven by access to market and reasonable prices offered by the spot market traders. While the study found out that productivity and pricing were not gendered, it was observed that women were generally satisfied with contract farming. Consequently, contractual schemes should integrate complementary factors such as input provision. While the results do not show explicit benefits to women farmers, they do allow for the backing of contract farming in rural development programs to reduce gender inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to women's changing roles in labor markets, couples have adopted varied strategies to reconcile career and family needs. Yet, most studies on the gendered division of labor focus almost exclusively on changes either in work or family domain. Doing so neglects the process through which couples negotiate and contest traditional work and family responsibilities. Studies that do examine these tradeoffs have highlighted how work–family strategies range far beyond simple traditional-egalitarian dichotomies but are limited to specific points in time or population subgroups. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and latent-class analysis, this article provides the first population-based estimates of the couple-level tradeoffs inherent in work–family strategies in the United States, documents trends in the share of couples who fall into each of these strategies, and considers social stratification by gender and college education in these trends. Specifically, I identify seven distinct work–family strategies (traditional, neotraditional, her-second-shift, egalitarian, his-second-shift, female-breadwinner, and neither-full-time couples). Egalitarian couples experienced the fastest increase in prevalence among college-educated couples, whereas couples that lacked two full-time earners increased among less-educated couples. Still, about a quarter of all couples adopted "her-second-shift" strategies, with no variation across time, making it the modal work–family strategy among dual-earner couples. The long-run, couple-level results support the view that the gender revolution has stalled and suggest that this stall may be caused partly by strong traditional gender preferences, whereas structural resources appear to facilitate gender equality among a selected few. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative review scrutinizes research exploring sex-based differences in experiences of sport-related concussion. The article argues that the limitations of epidemiological studies identifying the greater incidence and severity of concussion among females require that these findings are read with caution. It secondly argues that the dominant explanations for these data are based on and extend historical tendencies to "other" female participation in sport and construct male experiences as the "norm". Finally, the article critiques policy recommendations related to these research findings, arguing that they are likely to embed rather than challenge sex inequality in sport, and that they are both impractical and unethical. While this commentary builds on a broader body of work advocating greater sex/gender equality in sports science research, the prominence of social concerns about concussions in sport makes the broader implications of the focus on sex and sport-related concussion particularly problematic and thus in need of redress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eve Zaremba (born 1930), a Polish Canadian feminist writer and activist, business owner, and marketing executive, has earned a place in the history of Canadian women's struggle for equality. Through her involvement in the founding and publishing of the feminist newspaper Broadside: A Feminist Review (1979–1989), she was able to bring readers' attention to many social issues, and by writing a series of detective stories featuring a lesbian detective, she earned the distinction of creating the first openly lesbian PI in the detective genre. Her autobiography, The Broad Side: Reflections on a Long Life, examines closely the forces that shaped her personality, especially her childhood in prewar Warsaw, her intellectual parents, the horror of World War II, and her education in Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize the available literature describing the use of the gender approach in research and nursing clinical practice related to hypertension. The review was conducted following the scoping review framework recommended by Arksey and O'Malley. Elements related to content were chosen following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Data were extracted using a predesigned table and were presented narratively after the content analysis. The PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect and ERIC databases were consulted between March 2022 and June 2024. Reference lists from all sources and gray literature were also reviewed to identify additional publications. A total of 18 studies were finally included in this scoping review. Most of the studies (83 percent) represent gender as a biological variable (sex), and only a few of them (22 percent) analyzed psychological or social differences. In addition, several studies include unequal representations of each sex, most of them use the terms "sex" and "gender" as incorrect or interchangeable, which makes it difficult to evaluate the results from a gender perspective. There is still a substantial gap in the literature related to nurses' intervention with a gender approach in patients with hypertension. Future studies should focus on improving health interventions by considering gender to improve equality and efficiency in health outcomes associated with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a variable course with unpredictable flares. Identifying predictors of these flares is essential for monitoring and timely hospital care. To characterize the prevalence of flares within the first five years of SLE diagnosis and determine the clinical and immunological characteristics associated with flare development among patients attending the Rheumatology Clinic at Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and Lancet General Hospital. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2023 to November 2023 at TASH and Lancet General Hospital. The data was collected from electronic medical records and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with lupus flare. Most patients with SLE were female (95.4%). The most common clinical presentations were musculoskeletal (71.8%), cutaneous (55%), and constitutional (22%). Almost half (44.3%) of the patients had comorbidity illness. Positive ANA test was found in 96.5% of the patients, whereas only 55% had positive anti-dsDNA test. The prevalence of SLE flare in the first five years of SLE diagnosis was 38.9%, and most flares occurred within the first year of diagnosis. Patients with the following characteristics were more likely to have flare-ups: younger age at diagnosis (less than 25 years old), initial presentation with vasculitis, renal flare, and being on low-dose prednisolone. The most common clinical presentations were musculoskeletal, dermatologic, and constitutional manifestations. Age < 25 years at diagnosis, initial clinical presentation with renal manifestation, and being on low-dose prednisolone were predictors of SLE flare. Key Points • This study found a significant gender disparity, with 95% female. • Nearly 39% of patients experienced an SLE flare within the first five years of diagnosis. • Over three-quarters (77%) of flares occurred within the first year of diagnosis. • Age less than 25 years, initial presentation with vasculitis, renal involvement, and being on low-dose prednisolone were identified as predictors of flares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies show adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' cognitive skill development, while much less is known about the impact on their noncognitive skills. The paper focuses on the changes in gender differences in noncognitive skills among Chinese elementary school students aged 9 to 13 during the pandemic. We use two datasets that complement each other in design, both containing detailed information regarding students and their home and school environments before and during the pandemic. Our findings indicate that compared to boys, girls experienced statistically significant declines in noncognitive skills. We explore the mechanisms from the family, school and individual perspectives. The primary influence on gender disparities appears to be driven by a more significant decrease in peer interactions within the school environment and an elevated psychological stress level experienced by girls during the pandemic. However, there is limited evidence supporting the notion that girls experienced more family financial shock or less parental support during this period. Our results suggest that overlooking noncognitive dimensions may lead to serious underestimates of the impact of the pandemic on the development of gender inequality in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how policy discourses on academic career are articulated in Swedish higher education. Discourses on academic career are often expressing meritocracy and the necessity of competition, but also include demands for flexibility and global participation. Recent decades of higher education policy have also stressed the importance of gender equity, which is particularly evident in the Nordic countries. Yet, how these discourses interact and impact on contemporary ideas on academic career remains unclear. We analyse a selection of Swedish government bills to explore present policy discourses on academic career mobility, and how these discourses express and create tensions for different staff groups. The findings shows that the notion, and promotion of career mobility in Swedish higher education features tensions between career advancement, transnational mobility and work life stability. It is also clear that some scholars are defined as more career mobile and successful than others. Hence, discourses on career mobility tend to give legitimacy to already existing work divisions and hierarchies partly undermining gender equity. In conclusion, our findings show tensions and contradictions in these policies, which give base for further nuanced and critical discussions on the current conditions and possibilities in Swedish higher education and academic career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding the dramatic admission of the historical injustice against females in the Ethiopian constitution three decades back and the education policy that reflected the enthusiasm to address gender inequality, in practice, it failed to create a fairly inclusive higher education environment that is friendly to women. The aim of this study is to understand the gaps in the existing policy instruments in terms of ensuring gender equality in Ethiopian higher education. The relevant policies and strategies implemented in higher education were examined using women's empowerment frameworks as its analytical lens. The findings reveal that the micro-level policies that are enacted since the mid-1990s until the beginning of 2020s are gradually drifting away from the constitutional promise to make up for past historical injustices against women. This is further complicated by the absence of coherence between system and institutional level policies manifested in the form visible gaps and silences vi-a-vis declared aims to redress gender inequality and inequity in higher education. Finally, the study proposes relevant policy directions to come up with viable gendered instruments at the system and institutional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving gender equity in radiation oncology is an important goal, as a smaller proportion of women enter radiation oncology residency compared with those graduating from medical school. As invited speaking opportunities at academic medical conferences are vital for promotion/tenure, we investigated the prevalence of all-men panels ("manels") at American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and Canadian Society of Radiation Oncology (CARO) annual meetings. Using ASTRO and CARO online meeting programs, 2018 to 2021 faculty information was obtained, including gender, panel role (chair vs nonchair), type of session, and topic. Primary outcomes included percentage of manels and proportion of female panelists over time. Representation of women among chairs was also evaluated. Over the 4-year study period across both conferences, a total of 765 panel sessions were held with 2973 faculty members, of whom 1287 (43.3%) were women. Of these sessions, 127 of 765 (16.6%) were manels. ASTRO meetings had 1169 of 2742 (42.6%) female faculty members and held 107 of 680 (15.7%) manels, whereas CARO meetings had 118 of 231 (51.1%) female faculty and held 20 of 85 manels (23.5%). From 2018 to 2021, the proportion of manels decreased at ASTRO and CARO meetings from 25.6% to 8.2% (P <.001) and from 29.6% to 15.0% (P =.130), respectively. The role of chair was majority male in every year from 2018 to 2021 at ASTRO meetings (58.6% overall), but more balanced at CARO meetings (48.0% overall). Among session types, the highest proportion of manels was observed for scientific sessions (19.1%, P =.011) at ASTRO meetings and leadership sessions (29.4%, P =.533) at CARO meetings. The lowest proportion of female panelists was on genitourinary cancer topics at ASTRO meetings (31.9%, P =.018) and physics topics at CARO meetings (40.4%, P =.085). During the study period, the proportion of female panelists increased with a corresponding decrease in manels. ASTRO and CARO should strive for further involvement of women and the elimination of manels whenever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research considers the effects of gendered personalities on political ambition. The sex gap in political ambition is a normatively troubling empirical reality. Ambition research is often limited by binary conceptions and measurement of gender and sex. Recent scholarship urges scholars to employ more nuanced measures, including gendered personality as a measure beyond sex. Using original survey research incorporating the Bem Sex Roles Inventory (BSRI), we explore how femininity and masculinity influence nascent political ambition. Respondents who score higher in masculinity are more likely to have higher political ambition regardless of sex. However, sex remains significant, as female respondents are less likely to express nascent ambition. The results have implications for understanding the sex gap in political ambition and how political behavior conceptualizes and measures gender as a variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Peru, formal and informal organizations are key actors in promoting agroecological farming and related social goals but struggle to make significant changes for gender equality. In this study, I seek to understand how organizations conceptualize their role in gender equality throughout project design, implementation, and presentation. While the organizations designed their projects around organizational change, the implementation and presentation of their work focused on improving financial security and agricultural literacy for individual women rather than systemic conditions. Despite this, their efforts underscored the importance of women's contributions and furthered the conversation about gender in Peruvian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work from home (WFH) arrangements may provide an opportunity to reduce gender gaps in labor market outcomes by reducing the gender differences in the willingness to commute. Using a stated-preference experiment among German employees, we estimate workers' valuation of working from home and its impact on willingness-to-pay to avoid commuting by gender after the end of the COVID pandemic. We show that workers are willing to give up 7.7% of their earnings for full WFH and 5.4% for 2-day WFH on average. The willingness-to-pay for WFH steeply increases with commuting distance, in line with WFH reducing the need for long commutes for many workers. Importantly, we find that WFH reduces, but does not close, the gender gap in willingness-to-pay to avoid commuting. This result is unaffected by accounting for underage children in the household. This suggests that hopes of technology closing the gender wage gap are premature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TheDobbsv.JacksonWomen'sHealthOrganizationdecisionoverturnedtwopreviousrulingsthathadaffirmedtheconstitutionalrighttoabortionpriortofetalviability.Whileimportantworkhasbeenpublishedaboutthelegal,moral,professional,andeconomicramificationsoftheDobbsdecision,missingonthistopicarethevoicesofthosemostaffectedbythesepolicies.WeconductedanonlinesurveytounderstandhowtheDobbsrulingimpactedthewaywomenexperiencetheirbodiesandsexualwell-being.Participantswere339cisgenderwomenresidingintheUnitedStatesaged19–29years(M=24.4,SD=2.84).ParticipantsidentifiedasAsian/PacificIslander(23.0%),Black(22.4%),Latina(26.0%),Mixed(3.2%),andWhite(25.4%).Weusedcodebookthematicanalysistoanalyzefree-textsurveyresponses.Weconstructedfourthemesandadditionalsub-themesrelatedtoembodimentinapost-Roecontext,whichconsistedofexperiencingobjectification(denialofbodilyautonomy,experiencingthebodyasaregulated/surveilledsite,feelingdehumanized,andconcernforfuturerestrictionstoabortionaccessandcivilrights),impactonmentalandsexualwellbeing(vigilancewithsex,reducedsexualdesire,sexualanxiety,personalsafetyanxiety),minimizedimpact(relationshiporreproductivestatus,resourceprivilege,identifyingaspro-life,concernforfuture),andresistance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A popular form of neoliberal feminism seeks to advance gender equality in leadership and beyond by encouraging women to be resilient as individuals. By locating career advancement as within an individual's control, recent research has shown that this focus subtly shifts the blame for gender inequality onto women and reduces support for needed structural changes to tackle gender discrimination. We extend research into neoliberal feminism by examining anticipated negative effects on women's protest motivation. Across four studies in the United Kingdom (total N = 1,168), undergraduate women students and employed women with university degrees in both the control and resilience conditions first read about gender inequality. Participants in the neoliberal feminist conditions then read messages promoting individual resilience as key to women's advancement (Study 1–3) or participated in activities designed to build their own resilience as individuals to help them advance (Study 4). In Studies 1, 3, and 4, participants in the neoliberal feminist conditions compared to the control had lower collective action intentions – a negative effect that was either indirect, via reduced perceptions of gender discrimination (Studies 1 and 4) and reduced anger over inequality (Study 1), or direct (Study 3). Together, these studies provided partial support for our hypothesis that neoliberal feminism can undermine women's protest motivation. Future research can help establish how contextual and other factors contribute to the strength of these effects and explore how feminists can better harness messages of resilience. To advance gender equality, our findings suggest that advocates should focus less on individualistic solutions and more on addressing structural barriers, laying the groundwork for effective protest action and social change. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843241238176. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary campaigns, six women, the most in history, announced their candidacy for the presidency. Using computational topic modeling and network analysis of 84,000 newspaper articles (2.2 million paragraphs), we analyze how gender and electability was discussed during the Primaries. Results reveal that male candidates, and especially Joe Biden, were frequently compared with the incumbent, Donald Trump, while coverage of female candidates focused directly on social policy. Trump's attack on Biden during the impeachment process produced a lasting effect by promoting discourse topics traditionally dominated by men. This crowded out the topics emphasized by women, such as health care and education. Women candidates' press coverage was also more reactionary than men's. Although explicit reference to gender as a discourse topic has decreased, which suggests growing gender parity within the political process, gendered policy salience emerges transitively in comparison with the incumbent. Transitive policy salience emerges as a key explanatory variable that articulates the indirect path media coverage can lead to the marginalization of women candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of gender disparity in de jure rules across the world is relatively well-known. Many studies show that this disparity is detrimental to female labor participation. Our focus is different in that we examine whether firms with females amongst ownership experience elevated time costs and burdens associated with government regulations relative to their male-owned counterparts. In this sense, we are interested in both de facto and de jure differences in governmental regulation. Using firm-level data and two alternative matching methods, our results suggest that firms with at least one female owner report that senior management spends a larger percentage of their time dealing with regulations. We also find that construction permits take approximately 4–7 days longer to obtain for these same firms. Lastly, we find that female-owned firms perceive labor regulations to be a larger obstacle to business operations. In all cases, these effects tend to be largest in countries with the most disparity in de jure rules. However, the gap remains even in the most de jure equal countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gender gap in job burnout research indicates that women score higher on job burnout. However, this gender difference has rarely been studied from developmental perspectives. Moreover, the underlying gender differences in job resources—driven by gendered socialization in early career years—have been under-investigated. The present study examined the trajectory of early career job burnout, gender differences in job burnout development, and gendered job resources. Results from latent growth curve modeling (N = 619, 65.3% women, ages 26–34), using the longitudinal data from three time points (2013–2020), showed that the trajectory of job burnout was decreasing in early career years, and this pattern did not vary between genders. As expected, women scored higher in job burnout. Gender differences in job resources were found: parenthood status only prevented job burnout for women, whereas income and partner support only prevented job burnout for men. Belongingness to the workplace prevented job burnout for both genders. Findings suggest that young adults make use of job resources from their socialization in early career years and experience a decreasing pattern of job burnout. The current gender gap in job burnout may be explained by gender differences in socialization and roles in early career transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary Senegal, gender violence is pervasive, and it has become challenging to speak about it. Female suffering is normalized and viewed as part of womanhood. Language and Islam are often manipulated to justify the oppression of women. Échange Inégal: Goor Dongue, a short film directed by Khady Touré, uses parody to reverse gender roles in Senegal and profiles a society where girls are the preferred gender and where women are polyandrous and occupy all positions of power at home and in public. This inversion disrupts gender norms and transfers gender-based suffering from bodies associated with subordination (women) to bodies associated with dominance (men). This article argues that the film uses parody to make female suffering legible on male bodies to criticize the current gender inequalities in Senegal. The patriarchal manipulations of language and religion are central to the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of caring masculinities in Europe, challenging traditional gender norms and advocating for gender justice. It discusses the historical undervaluing of care work primarily attributed to women and the need for new care arrangements in modern societies. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of the care infrastructure and the unequal distribution of care work, but it has also presented an opportunity for men to become more involved in caregiving. The article emphasizes the importance of men's participation in care duties for achieving gender equality and positive social change. The text discusses the concept of caring masculinities, exploring the impact of gender policies, the role of men in care professions, and the expectations of organizations regarding men's caregiving. It acknowledges that not all men who engage in care work necessarily hold gender-equality norms and calls for further research on men's caregiving practices and policy changes to promote gender equality in care work. [Extracted from the article]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has not only highlighted preexisting inequalities in academia but has also exacerbated them while giving rise to novel forms of disparities. Drawing upon our experiences as women, parents, and early career academics (ECAs) in Switzerland and enriched by feminist theory on reproductive labor and carework, we examine the unequal impacts of the pandemic. First, our analysis reveals how the pandemic disproportionately impacted ECAs, a group already in a position of precarity within academia. Second, we identify the broad range of tasks brought about by the pandemic as "COVID labor". This essential labor—undervalued, invisible, and often unpaid—had a particularly negative impact on ECAs. Third, looking at various intersections of difference, we emphasize that the experience of COVID labor was far from uniform among ECAs with institutional responses disregarding its extent and unequal distribution. In conclusion, we underscore the importance of acknowledging the long‐term consequences of COVID labor on ECAs, particularly those belonging to underrepresented groups. Neglecting these issues may lead to the loss of a wide range of talented scholars for reasons that are not related to the quality of their academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly, men are challenging the assumption that care is a feminine task and are involving themselves in childcare and the care of dependent adults. However, this does not necessarily have consequences for their work, as they very rarely make costly adaptations in their working lives. In this study, we propose a definition of a man in care (MIC) as a working father who, in order to meet care needs, has adapted his working life in a way that potentially entails a financial penalty. We analyze the prevalence of men in care among men living with children below the age of 15 across the EU‐27 plus Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK using recent representative data (the European Labour Survey and its 2018 ad hoc module on work‐life balance). We find that although the number of men engaging in costly work adaptations is still very low when compared to their female counterparts, the characteristics of these men can be clearly outlined: they have a non‐manual occupation (managers excluded), they have temporary contracts or are self‐employed, they are partnered to women who hold jobs of 40 or more hours a week and have a high educational attainment, and they work in family‐friendly companies. Also, at the context level, the prevalence of MIC is clearly related to gender equality and values. However, we do not find evidence of any country having reached the universal caregiver model proposed by Nancy Fraser, including those with more advanced gender and welfare regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we advance knowledge and theorization on the sexism experienced by faculty not only inside but also outside the physical boundaries of business schools. We enrich existing knowledge of gender and sexism by applying Gender Structure Theory (GST) to provide a more multi‐dimensional analysis of the role of individuals, interactions, and institutions in shaping gender structures. Engaging with this theoretical framework, we use mixed‐methods and data, integrating statistical data on gender in UK business schools with qualitative data from interviews with 52 academics from 15 schools to provide a nuanced insight into sexism at business schools. The framework developed from the findings extends GST by adding a specific "organizational" dimension, which is needed to examine interorganizational differences and how cultural and material organizational processes are influenced by wider national/international processes. We also identify three key interactional tensions cutting across the dimensions examined: organizational versus interorganizational relations, agency versus dependency, and employment relationships versus stakeholder relationships. The findings generate pressing implications for policy and practice in business schools and academia more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within UK business schools, there are large numbers of female and feminized white‐collar professional service (PS) employees in disproportionately low‐paid, low‐status roles, but surprisingly, they are largely invisible within the literature on sexism and gender inequalities in academia. This paper conceptualizes PS experiences by examining how forms of gendered invisibility affect professional staff working in the hybrid "third" space between academic and administrative realms. I develop a conceptual analysis of invisibility—of invisible work and as invisible worker—arising from the performance of professional and academic work. This allows me to analyze and distinguish forms of what I call service, professional and professional‐academic housework, demonstrating how these are thoroughly imbricated in dominant patriarchal cultural ideologies of gender. In developing this schema, I draw self‐reflexively on my own experiences of "circling the divide" within a UK business school, developing a rich, multi‐perspectival account of the ways visibility and invisibility were experienced in the role of a particular third space professional and "academic‐in‐waiting." This paper therefore contributes a systematic conceptualization of gendered invisible housework performed by PS staff within a politicized third space of UK business schools. It also brings often hidden PS "academics‐in‐waiting" into the literature on feminized precarity in the academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unequal distribution of child rearing and domestic responsibilities between parents contributes to gender inequity, a wicked problem in Australia. Inequitable parental leave policies at Australian public Universities place the burden of care squarely on the mother, diminishing or absenting the father. We examine how the gendered nature of the existing policies are constructed in ways that create inequities and discourage their uptake. A post‐structural feminist lens provides us with a theoretical vantage point from which this wicked problem can be problematized. We present three recommendations for enabling more equitable outcomes for parents. The first is to eradicate the punitive approach and support flexibility; second, the policies must be parental leave in name, provision and practice; and finally we recommend a minimum parental leave standard for Australian universities nationally. These findings have policy‐level significance for redressing parental leave inequity within the Australian university context. The paper concludes with theoretical contributions, practical implications, and suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical studies of men and masculinities [CSMM] aim to advance gender equality by critiquing and deconstructing male hegemony and hegemonic masculinities. Although the implicit value of gender equality is clear in CSMM generally, the conceptualization of equality is frequently vague, implied, and lacks conceptual definition. The problem is compounded in caring masculinities studies which additionally often lack engagement with critical feminist and other socio‐political perspectives on caring. These shortcomings hide the complex interrelation of different dimensions to inequality as they intersect with multiple relational identities. Caring practices are also complex, having distinct phases that engage different forms of labor within separate relational contexts. In response, this article proposes the model of affective equality (Lynch et al., 2009) and the concept of care as relational social practice (Tronto, 1993) as normative perspectives that explicitly link care with equality. The case of professional caring, where the impact of CSMM has been especially limited, is used to illustrate the micro‐politics of how men manage their identities within the context of feminized caring. Here, men face the precarious task of managing their masculine status while navigating emotional expectations. Caring masculinities studies can be advanced with greater theoretical and empirical attention to (i) the intersection of multiple inequalities; (ii) the affective circles of caring; (iii) the specificity of caring work; (iv) the inequalities of caring; and (v) the ethics of caring practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-based inequities within patriarchy create barriers to women's sexual well-being. This study integrated empowerment theory with research on heterosexual women's sexuality to examine multiple factors related to sexual pleasure. An empowerment process is one mechanism through which less powerful individuals gain influence and power that results in increased opportunities to control decisions that affect their lives. Although psychologists have been studying empowerment for decades, sexual empowerment has been under-explored. In this study, 253 heterosexual undergraduate women completed a questionnaire assessing sexual empowerment dimensions, including critical consciousness about gender and sexuality, sexual subjectivity, sexual assertiveness, and sexual pleasure. Data were analysed with structural equation modelling. A mediated sexual empowerment process in which critical consciousness was indirectly related to sexual pleasure through two mediators, sexual subjectivity and sexual assertiveness, was supported. To the extent that women can reject heteronormative beliefs and conform less to patriarchal norms of sexual fidelity, they may be able to realise more sexual subjectivity, assertiveness, and pleasure. This study has implications for rights-based sexual education and pleasure-inclusive clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disproportion of women to men at the top tier in the academic hierarchy, concerns politicians, academic leaders, students, and other stakeholders. A popular explanation for the gender imbalance in elite positions is that potential female candidates lack ambition and therefore do not have sufficient drive to make it to the top. In this study, we explore the issue of professional ambition among a group of women academics working as tenured associate professors in Norway. With the backdrop of VIE (Valence-instrumentality-expectancy) theory, we focus on two key subjective, but nonetheless contextual judgments that are assumed to underlie the decision to aim for a promotional opportunity; (i) Do I want it and (ii) Can I make it? Three sources of qualitative data provide interesting insights into these considerations, and our findings point to focusing more specifically on the perceived costs that are assumed to derive from making this career choice. The women are ambitious in the sense that they desire the professional clout and impact that comes with this top role (so, yes, they want it). However, a number of conditions are perceived to be central to the actual realization of their ambitions, such as more time, resources and transparency when it comes to the qualification process. The findings may serve as important to designing more suitable career conditions for this target group in practice. Finally, we propose the application of a context-specific gender perspective to better understand women's career ambitions in higher education institutions (HEI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]