Search

The aim of this study was to produce soy yogurt and investigate the physicochemical, textural, and volatile flavor compounds, as well as sensory characteristics using normal (NOR), lipoxygenase-lacking (LOX-lack), and 7S-globulin lacking (7S-lack) soybeans at different temperatures. The soy yogurts were produced by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbruekii subsp. bulgaricus fermentation of the soymilk. SDS-PAGE results showed that the globulin, subunit, and polypeptide contents of soymilk were affected significantly by the absence of LOX and 7S. Heat treatment accelerated the protein aggregation of soymilk but the content of large non-disulfide aggregates was lower for LOX-lack than for NOR and 7S-lack. As a consequence, the gel firmness and storage modulus of LOX-lack soy yogurt were the highest among others during the heat treatment (80–115 °C), and its network structure was the most compact under CSLM observation. The LOX-lack soy yogurt had the lowest off-flavor compounds and the best sensory acceptability, which offered the best potential for producing soy yogurt with improved textural and volatile profiles.

Balance is an important tool for quality measurement, which has been widely used in scientific research and everyday life. To implement electronic balance weighing system, the design uses many components, including AT89C51 Single Chip Micro-controller, Strain gauge load cell, Amplifying elements, A / D converters, LCD monitors and Alarms, etc. The Protel software was applied to design the minimum weighting system circuit diagram of micro-controller, amplification circuit diagram, A/D converter circuit diagrams, etc. The C language was used to compile the main programs and sub-programs, and then these programs will import to Proteus software to simulate electronic balance system. The results shows the alarm of threshold, adjustment of unit price and tare function.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease occurring when the body no longer produces adequate insulin or when it cannot use the produced insulin effectively. In recent years, more and more studies have revealed that Chinese materia medica polysaccharides are the key bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine and have significant anti-diabetic effects with almost no side effects. In this review, we summarize 10 kinds of polysaccharides from Chinese herbal medicine which have effective anti-diabetes activities and the mechanism since 2014 to now. And it is hoped that this will provide an enlightenment for our researchers to design, research and development of polysaccharides.

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which is involved in many physiological processes including visual transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell-cycle regulation, gene expression, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic function. PDEs are composed of 11 different families and each family contains different subtypes. The distribution, expression, regulation mode and sensitivity to inhibitors of each subtype are different, and they are involved in cancer, inflammation, asthma, depression, erectile dysfunction and other pathological processes of development. A large number of studies have shown that PDEs play an important role in the development of tumors by affecting the intracellular level of cAMP and/or cGMP and PDEs could become diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. This review will give a brief overview of the expression and regulation of PDE families in the process of tumorigenesis and their anti-tumor inhibitors, which may guide the design of novel therapeutic drugs targeting PDEs for anticancer agent.

Metal vanadium phosphates (MVP), particularly Li3V2(PO4)3 (LVP) and Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), are regarded as the next-generation cathode materials in lithium/sodium ion batteries. These materials possess desirable properties such as high stability, theoretical capacity, and operating voltages. Yet, low electrical/ionic conductivities of LVP and NVP have limited their applications in demanding devices such as electric vehicles. In this work, a novel synthesis route for the preparation of LVP/NVP micro/mesoporous 3D foams via assembly of elastin-like polypeptides is demonstrated. The as-synthesized MVP 3D foams consist of microporous networks of mesoporous nanofibers, where the surfaces of individual fibers are covered with MVP nanocrystallites. TEM images further reveal that LVP/NVP nanoparticles are about 100-200 nm in diameter, with each particle enveloped by a 5 nm thick carbon shell. The MVP 3D foams prepared in this work exhibit ultrafast rate capabilities (79 mA h g(-1) at 100C and 66 mA h g(-1) at 200C for LVP 3D foams; 73 mA h g(-1) at 100C and 51 mA h g(-1) at 200C for NVP 3D foams) and excellent cycle performance (almost 100% performance retention after 1000 cycles at 100C); their properties are far superior compared to current state-of-the-art active materials.

To investigate the expression of tribbles homologue 3 (TRB3) and its regulation on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced photoreceptor apoptosis after retinal detachment (RD) using a rat model.RD animal model was created in Wistar rats by subretinal injection of 1% sodium hyaluronate. At various time points after RD, expression of TRB3 was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. TRB3 protein distribution in retina was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RNA interference was used to inhibit TRB3 expression and subretinal injection of lentivirus TRB3 shRNA (LV-TRB3-sh) was performed. The rats were then randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, RD group, vehicle + RD group and LV-TRB3-sh + RD group. The mRNA and protein level of TRB3 as well as Caspase-12 were detected. TdT-mediated fluorescein-16-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to detect the apoptosis of retinal cells. Retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured to assess retina damage in each group.TRB3 expression and TRB3-positive cell count were significantly increased after RD and peaked at day 3 after RD. The ratio of TUNEL-positive photoreceptors and expression of ERS-induced apoptosis marker Caspase-12 in LV-TRB3-sh + RD group were significantly reduced. The ONL thickness in LV-TRB3-sh + RD group was thicker than that both in RD group and vehicle + RD group.TRB3 expression is up-regulated in retinas after RD and knockdown of TRB3 protects photoreceptors against ERS-induced apoptosis. TRB3 may be a crucial molecule in photoreceptor apoptosis induced by ERS after RD.

To improve its phosphate accumulating abilities for phosphate recycling from wastewater, a magnetotactic bacterium, Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, was genetically modified to over-express polyphosphate kinase. Polyphosphate kinase was over-expressed in the bacterium. The recombinant strain accumulated ninefold more polyphosphate from synthetic wastewater compared to original wild type. The magnetic property of the recombinant M. gryphiswaldense strain was retained. The recombinant M. gryphiswaldense can be used for phosphate removal and recovery in bioremediation.

PURPOSE To investigate the retinal features and distribution of paravascular abnormalities (PVAs) and their relationship with retinoschisis in eyes with high myopia. METHODS One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 88 patients with high myopia [refractive error greater than -6 dioptres (D) or axial length (AL) ≥26.5 mm] who had undergone comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Multiple optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were performed to study the microstructural alterations adjacent to the retinal vascular arcades and the entire macular area. The presence and distribution patterns of various PVAs, retinoschisis and the association between these parameters were analysed. RESULTS Of the 152 highly myopic eyes, PVAs were detected by OCT in 126 eyes (82.9%), including paravascular microfolds in all 126 eyes, paravascular cysts in 109 eyes (71.7%) and paravascular lamellar holes in 44 eyes (28.9%). All three types of PVAs were observed more frequently along the temporal vascular arcades than along the nasal vascular arcades (p

With the recent advances in nanowire (NW) growth and fabrication, there has been rapid development and application of GaAs NWs in optoelectronics. It is also of importance to study the radiation tolerance of optoelectronic nano-devices for atomic energy and space-based applications. Here, photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried out on GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell NWs at room temperature before and after 1 MeV proton irradiation with fluences ranging from 1.0 × 1012-3.0 × 1013 cm-2. It is found that the GaAs/AlGaAs core/shell NWs with smaller diameter show much less PL degradation compared with the ones with larger diameters. The increased radiation hardness is mainly attributed to the improvement of a room temperature dynamic-annealing mechanism near the surface of the NWs. We also found that the minority carrier lifetime is closely related to both the PL intensity and defect density induced by irradiation. Finally, GaAs/AlGaAs ensemble NW photodetectors operating in the near-infrared spectral regime have been demonstrated. The influence of proton irradiation on light and dark current characteristics also indicates that NW structures are a good potential candidate for radiation harsh-environment applications.

Objective. In this study, we aimed to identify mt3243A > G mutation carriers in a group of Chinese elderly type 2 diabetic patients by a rapid and noninvasive diagnostic system. Methods. DNA was extracted from blood, saliva, and urine sediment samples. The mutation screening and quantitation of heteroplasmy were performed by high-resolution melting (HRM) curve and pyrosequencing, respectively. Patients with mt3243A > G mutation underwent a detailed audiometric, ophthalmologic, neurological, and cardiac examination. Results. Two patients (2/1041) carrying the mt3243A > G mutation were detected among all type 2 diabetic patients. In patient 1, the heteroplasmy was 0.8%, 2.8%, and 14.7% in peripheral blood leukocytes, saliva, and urine sediment, respectively. In patient 2, the heteroplasmy was 5.3%, 8.4%, and 37.7% in peripheral blood leukocytes, saliva, and urine sediment, respectively. Both of the two patients showed hearing impairment. Abnormal ophthalmologic conditions and hyperintensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were showed in patient 1. Conclusion. The occurrence of mt3243 A > G mutation was 0.2% in Chinese elderly type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, detection of mt3243 A > G mutation in urine sediment with high-resolution melting (HRM) curve and pyrosequencing is feasible in molecular genetic diagnosis.

We investigate the Lp dual geominimal surface area and volume forms of Busemann-Petty problems for the quasi Lp intersection bodies and establish some new geometric inequalities. Our results provide a significant complement to the researches on Busemann-Petty problems for intersection bodies.

The mixed brightness-integrals were defined by Li and Zhu. In this paper, we first establish two Brunn-Minkowski inequalities of the mixed brightness-integrals based on the Blaschke sum and Minkowski sum of convex bodies. Further, we also obtain the Beckenbach-Dresher type inequalities of the mixed brightness-integrals combining the harmonic Blaschke sum and the harmonic radial sum of star bodies.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of bicyclol in preventing chemotherapy-induced liver damage. Methods Patients ≥60 years of age with cancer were equally randomized into control (chemotherapy alone) or prophylactic (chemotherapy supplemented with 75 mg bicyclol, oral, daily) groups. Liver function indices were assessed immediately before treatment, during each therapy cycle and following treatment. Results Of 306 patients enrolled, 300 patiets completed the study ( n = 147 and n = 153; prophylactic and control groups, respectively). Incidence of grade I–IV elevation of serum transaminase and/or bilirubin was significantly lower in the prophylactic group (17.1%) compared with the control group (47.1%). Incidence of grade II–IV hepatic injury was also significantly lower in the prophylactic group (0.7%) than in the control group (12.4%). Conclusions Prophylactic bicyclol (75 mg daily) could significantly reduce the incidence and degree of chemotherapeutic agent-induced liver damage in elderly patients with cancer. Further studies are recommended with larger sample sizes and long-term follow up.

Tree height growth is sensitive to climate change; therefore, incorporating climate factors into tree height prediction models can improve our understanding of this relationship and provide a scientific basis for plantation management under climate change conditions. Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the most important afforestation species in Three-North Regions in China. Yet our knowledge on the relationship between height growth and climate for Mongolian pine is limited. Based on survey data for the dominant height of Mongolian pine and climate data from meteorological station, a mixed-effects Chapman-Richards model (including climate factors and random parameters) was used to study the effects of climate factors on the height growth of Mongolian pine in Zhanggutai sandy land, Northeast China. The results showed that precipitation had a delayed effect on the tree height growth. Generally, tree heights increased with increasing mean temperature in May and precipitation from October to April and decreased with increasing precipitation in the previous growing season. The model could effectively predict the dominant height growth of Mongolian pine under varying climate, which could help in further understanding the relationship between climate and height growth of Mongolian pine in semiarid areas of China.

We studied the sharp large deviations for the log-likelihood ratio of an α-Brownian bridge. The full expansion of the tail probability for the log-likelihood ratio was obtained by using a change of measure.

A phenomenon about optical bistability is successfully investigated in a layered structure consisting of a silver film with Kerr medium and a silver grating sandwiched between semi-infinite linear dielectrics. This type of structure can lead to the optical bistability phenomena occurring in reflection and transmission. There exists an optimal thickness of the metal grating that can cut off the effect of the near-field enhancement and may have the lowest effect on conversion from surface plasmon to light. This structure can realize the functions of the beam splitter and the polarization splitter and will be essential for future classical and quantum information processing.

A new process involving copper-catalyzed oxidative amination reaction of various arylboronic acids with aminals under mild conditions has been developed. The key copper-amide species involved in the C–N bond-forming process was generated via C–N bond cleavage of aminal under base-free conditions. Moderate yields of desired amination products can be obtained under mild conditions when air was served as oxidant and PhCO 2 H was used as an additive.

We study the influence of temperature on the gain of 980 nm pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) before and after the electron irradiation. Our experimental results indicate that in the irradiation process the EDFA gain at low temperatures is less than that at high temperatures, but after 7 days recovery, the EDFA gain at low temperatures is significantly higher than that at high temperatures. After 200 krad electron irradiation, the EDFA gain is more sensitive to temperature as compared to non-irradiated one.

The enhanced transmission of a metallic photonic crystal slab filled with different linear media in the hole-structure is investigated theoretically. The results show that the transmission peaks exhibit a red shift when the dielectric constants of the media are increased. By varying the thickness of the linear media, the enhanced transmission peak generated by the holes has a great shift and the one generated by the surface plasmon moves slightly. By changing the position of the linear media, these two transmission peaks have no significant shift.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognosis of patients with different types of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) recurrence following hepatectomy. Specifically, it evaluated overall survival and disease-free survival in HCC patients with multicentric occurrence (MO) or intrahepatic metastasis (IM).Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched until August 22, 2016 using the following search terms: hepatocellular carcinoma, multicentric occurrence, intrahepatic metastasis, early recurrence, and late recurrence. Prospective, retrospective, and case control studies were included.The pooled results showed that patients in the MO group had lower risk of death than the IM group (pooled HR = 0.495, 95% CI = 0.378 to 0.648, P 0.001). The MO group also had significantly longer disease-free survival than the IM group (pooled HR = 0.774, 95% CI = 0.663 to 0.903, P = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis indicated that no one study dominated the findings and that the data are robust. Overall the included studies were of good quality.This study found that MO patients have greater survival following surgery than IM patients, indicating the prognosis of MO patients is significantly better than that for IM patients.

This paper considers the single machine scheduling problem with cost constraints based on customer driven using noncooperative game theory. The single machine scheduling problem with cost constraints based on customer driven is introduced, and customers bidding strategy is analyzed using noncooperative game method. Then noncooperative game model of single machine scheduling with cost constraints is defined using noncooperative game theory, in which the customer is mapped to the player, customer quotation corresponds to player strategy, and a payoff function of players is defined on condition of two main customer objectives. The satisfactory result of scheduling problem can be achieved by seeking Nash equilibrium solution, and the steps of seeking Nash equilibrium solution for the proposed scheduling game model are given. A single scheduling case is analyzed and solved, and the result verifies the validity of the proposed game model and the solving method.

Molecular and particulate contamination of space optical surfaces can be extremely detrimental to optical system performance. In order to determine whether optical system is unusable, we must do a lot of tests. For reducing experimental effort, computational criterion for unusable space optical system is put forward, which is based on experimentation and calculation by 2D-FDTD (finite-difference time domain). And then factors making optical system unusable are studied when distribution of light intensity is consistent with the criterion. Results show that small particulate is more detrimental to optical system than big one for particle with high permittivity is. The distribution of particles making optical system unusable is also obtained.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are superadsorbents for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and heavy metals, which coexist in wastewater. The interaction between PFOS and Cu(II) with regard to their adsorption and desorption on MWCNTs was evaluated in this study. The adsorption of PFOS on MWCNTs enhanced with an increase of Cu(II). Desorption of PFOS showed no hysteresis without Cu(II), while pronounced hysteresis with Cu(II). Increases of the adsorption and the occurrence of desorption hysteresis of PFOS in the presence of Cu(II) may due to the PFOS adsorption via a Cu(II) bridge. The adsorption of Cu(II) increased with an increase of PFOS. The desorption hysteresis factors in the presence of PFOS were lower than those in the absence of PFOS. Increases of the adsorption and decreases of desorption hysteresis factors may be attributed to the Cu(II) adsorption via a PFOS bridge. Results obtained by X-ray absorption spectroscopy verified the formation of inner-sphere complexes between Cu(II) and functional groups of MWCNTs without PFOS, while out-sphere complexes with large amount of PFOS. The effect of Cu(II) and PFOS adsorption on the zeta potential of MWCNTs was also studied. The results showed that the coexistence of Cu(II) and PFOS greatly affects their sorption and desorption behaviors on MWCNTs thereby their fate and transport in wastewater. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this paper, we establish an inequality for the volumes of K and its radial p-th mean body RpK by Lp-dual mixed volume. Further, the Shephard-type problem and a monotonitic inequality of RpK are shown when p>0.

The InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser diodes and corresponding quantum dot samples are irradiated by 1 MeV electron. The laser performance and quantum dot photoluminescence intensity at room temperature are enhanced over a fluence range of 4 × 1013 cm−2. The radiation-induced defects increase the efficiency of carrier transfer to the quantum dots, which results in the improvement of photoluminescence performance under low level displacement damage. The contact resistant of quantum dot lasers decreases because the ohmic contact is also improved by electron irradiation.

OBJECTIVES Spontaneous breathing has been shown to improve global haemodynamics in patients with bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. What has not been evaluated, however, is the effect of spontaneous breathing on the distribution of cardiac output after bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt. We investigated the effects of extubation on systemic haemodynamics and regional tissue oxygen saturation, and determined whether redistribution of cardiac output is present after extubation in these patients. METHODS In 24 patients undergoing bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, standard haemodynamic variables including heart rate, arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure were monitored continuously. Near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain and mesenteric circulation was monitored and recorded every hour. Cardiac index, derived from ascending aorta flow, was measured by ultrasound at three time points: 30 min before, 30 min after and 12 h after extubation. RESULTS The central venous pressure decreased significantly from 19.50 ± 3.65 mmHg before extubation to 16.17 ± 3.41 mmHg 30 min after extubation (P = 0.006) and 13.96 ± 2.49 mmHg 12 h after extubation (P = 0.001). Cardiac index increased significantly from 3.32 ± 0.43 l/min/m(2) before extubation to 3.73 ± 0.51 l/min/m(2) 30 min after extubation (P = 0.012) and 3.98 ± 0.54 l/min/m(2) 12 h after extubation (P = 0.001). Cerebral oxygen saturation increased from 50.83 ± 5.84% before extubation to 56.79 ± 8.64% 30 min after extubation (P = 0.023), then remained unchanged for the following 12 h. Mesenteric oxygen saturation remained unchanged during the early period of extubation, but increased significantly 12 h after extubation (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The lower values of cerebral oxygen saturation before extubation indicated that the cerebral blood flow was less satisfactory. During the early period of extubation, despite the increase in cardiac index, the mesenteric oxygen saturation is lower than that at 12 h after extubation, suggesting that the obligatory increase in respiratory muscle perfusion and the increase in cerebral oxygen saturation have utilized most of the flow from the increased cardiac index. The increase in mesenteric oxygen saturation 12 h after extubation suggests a gradual improvement in microcirculation and macrocirculation.

Land application of solid wastes leads to the accumulation of both metals and antimicrobials in soils. To understand the effects of metal and antibiotic interaction on their accumulation by the earthworm Eisenia fetida, uptake and elimination kinetics and subcellular distribution of cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined. The kinetics was accurately described by a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. Bioaccumulation kinetics and subcellular distribution of CIP were not affected by Cd addition. However, Cd exhibited different metabolic and subcellular distribution patterns. With CIP, Cd uptake flux and elimination rate constants were about 2.2 and 9.8 times, respectively, those without CIP. In the presence of CIP, Cd redistributed from fractions D (associated with granules) and E (associated with tissue fragments and cell membranes) to fraction C (associated with cytosol). Without CIP, Cd in fraction C could not be excreted, whereas with CIP, Cd in fraction C was significantly excreted, and the excretion rate constant was consistent with that of CIP. A good relationship was found between CIP and Cd in earthworms during uptake and elimination periods (p < 0.01). Our results indicated that the Cd CIP complex may be taken up, stored, and eliminated by earthworms.

Background Little evidence is available to demonstrate the effect of the emerging government insurance coverage on use and affordability of expensive anti-cancer medicines as well as insurance sustainability for patients in China. This study examined the insurance programme in Hangzhou, the capital city of Zhejiang province, as an example, focusing on the six targeted anti-cancer medicines that were newly covered by government insurance in January, 2015, and looked at how such inclusions influenced the use and affordability of these medicines. Methods We used longitudinal hospital medicines procurement data collected by IQVIA (IMS Health and Quintiles) Institutes for health-care informatics to assess trajectories in use of medicines in 69 hospitals with more than 100 beds from January, 2013, to December, 2016. We conducted segmented regression analyses of interrupted time series data to measure changes in use of medicines over time. WHO/Health Action International Project on Medicine Prices and Availability methodology was used to measure the affordability of medicines. Key informant interviews were done to document the pharmaceutical company patient assistance programme and insurance policies. Findings In March, 2015, the use of all studied medicines increased by 15·58 (95% CI 3·86–27·30, p=0·01, for imatinib) to 439·14 standard units (311·79–566·49, p Interpretation Our findings suggest that government insurance coverage has a substantial role in increasing patients' access to expensive targeted anti-cancer medicines, with reduced individual financial burden, but it is still high, especially for low-income population. The sustainability of such systems requires close monitoring and appropriate use of medicines. Findings of this study provide directions for policy formation and financial risk management in relation to the government insurance. Funding Peking Union Medical College Educational Fund.

We revised a non-Kolmogorov turbulent power spectrum for the refractive-index fluctuations based on the consistency between the structure function and its power spectrum and the experimental data of recent lidar measurements. We investigate the joint influence of Kolmogorov turbulence from the ground up to 6 km and non-Kolmogorov turbulence above 6 km on the fluctuations in the angle of arrival (AOA) of starlight. WE show that the AOA fluctuations of starlight are mainly determined by Kolmogorov turbulence nearby the receiver. Non-Kolmogorov turbulence is responsible for 20–40% of the total AOA fluctuations for different apertures of the receiver. In addition, the AOA fluctuations induced by non-Kolmogorov turbulence depend on the receiver aperture, outer scale, and intensity of non-Kolmogorov turbulence.

Radiation effects on semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have attracted the attention of the research community due to their potential applications in space and atomic fields. The effective implementation of NW devices in a radiation environment is a matter of concern. Here, the photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements were performed on both GaAs and InP NWs at room temperature before and after 1 MeV H+ irradiation with fluences ranging from 1 × 1011 to 5 × 1013 p cm-2. It is found that the degradation of lifetime is size-dependent, and typically the minority carrier lifetime damage coefficient is closely correlated with the material and NW diameter. Compared to GaAs and InP bulk material counterparts, the lifetime damage coefficient of NWs decreases by a factor of about one order of magnitude. After irradiation, GaAs NWs with a smaller diameter show a much lower lifetime damage coefficient while InP NWs show an increase in carrier radiative lifetime. The increased size-dependent radiation hardness is mainly attributed to the defect sink effect and/or the improvement of a room temperature dynamic annealing mechanism of the NWs. The InP NWs also showed higher radiation tolerance than GaAs NWs.

The erbium-doped fiber (EDF) has been irradiated by electron with a dose of 1000 krad to analyse the space radiation effect on EDF amplifier (EDFA) in inter-satellite optical communication. This is the first work to analyse the effect on actually applied systems. Three critical parameters of EDFA, most important for external module subsystems, have been tested. The output power comes down to −57.21 dBm and the noise figure (NF) climbs up to 18.14 dB at dose 1000 krad, when the input power is −2.00 dBm. Although there is a strong ability to recover after the radiation experiment, EDFA deterioration is really huge. Apart from that, the central wavelength of EDFA never changes. To guarantee the accuracy of analysis of the radiation effect on EDFA, WDM coupler and isolator are also irradiated with the EDF at the same time. According to the results of all the tests, the EDFA could be directly used in the low-radiation dose orbits if doses are less than 20 krad. And the radiation experiment data will also be a good reference for the design of the actual systems in inter-satellite optical communication with different dose orbits.

(La, N) co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized using TiCl4 sol-gel autoigniting synthesis (SAS) starting from a complex compound system of TiCl4-La(NO3)3-citric acid-NH4NO3-NH3.H2O, in which the (La, N) co-doped process was accomplished in the formation of TiO2 nanocrystals. The prepared samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The results indicated that nitrogen and lanthanum were incorporated into the lattice and interstices of titania nanocrystals, which resulted in narrowing the band gap and promoting the separation of photoexcited hole-electron pairs, respectively, and showing expected red-shifts and enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light. The mechanism on nitrogen doping and enhancement in photocatalytic activity of (La, N) co-doped titania by SAS was discussed in detail.

The nitrogen-doped and (metal, nitrogen)-codoped TiO 2 photocatalysts (metal = Ag, Ce, Fe, La) were synthesized by sol-gel auto-igniting synthesis (SAS) with the complex compound sol of TiCl 4 -NH 4 NO 3 -citri acid-metal nitrate-NH 3 ·H 2 O as a precursor. The products were characterized by means of XRD, XPS, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, and their photocatalytic activity was investigated under visible light. It was found that all the synthesized powders showed good absorption for visible light, and that the radius and alterable valence states of doping metallic cations played important roles on their photocatalytic activity. These results were discussed in detail.

We compared the degradation of two kinds of 1550nm single-mode optical fibers following the irradiation by gamma ray (60Co). Over a total dose of 9.06×104 rad, the absorption coefficient increased while the rates were different between samples. The influence of ionizing radiation is theoretically analyzed. In room temperature annealing experiment, the absorption coefficient of Corning sample was recovered visibly, but Alcatel sample continues to deteriorate. It is suggested that different producing technology and doping are clearly influence the generation and recombination process of color center.

The purpose of this paper is to find the real consumption motivation of counterfeit luxury goods, and to clarify the relationship between buying Intention of counterfeit Luxury goods and consumption motivation of counterfeit luxury goods. The paper opts for an exploratory study using depth interviews and questionnaire, which outline the motivation: price, self-realization, to taste a fresh delicacy, low risk, to show off, to maintain the emotion, to revenge enterprise, deception and conformity. Then implying the factor analysis and regression analysis, we got the real motivation of consumption counterfeit goods and built new modified model between buying intention and motives of counterfeit goods. There are two kinds of motivations including social and personal, and social motivation is on the subject status; counterfeit luxury goods consumption intentions and purchase motives are positive correlation, and social motivation is on the subject status; the influence of gender difference between the buying motivation and intention are not significant. Limited by the scope of the research object, the samples’ coverage is limited, so the conclusion’s using range needs further improvement. Secondly, this article is to regard luxury as a whole to study, not according to the categorical difference, which will affect the final purchase intentions. This study clarifies the relationship between buying intention of counterfeit luxury goods and consumption motivation of mounterfeit luxury goods, and build new modified buying intention model between them.

Amorphous silicon carbon nitride (Si/C/N) coatings were prepared on steel substrates by RF plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RF-PECVD) from the single-source precursor bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (BTSC). The films were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ellipsometry, FTIR, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), optical microscopy, AFM, hardness measurements, scratch-, tribological- and corrosion-tests. The results of these studies show that the coatings obtained on the RF-powered electrode (cathode) were black, thick (>20 μm) and hard (21–29 GPa), while those grown on the grounded electrode (anode) were yellow, thin (

This paper demonstrates a peer-to-peer (P2P) live and VOD streaming system called Immedia based on Scalable Video Coding (SVC) with low latency. With features of layered coding in SVC, Immedia system could automatically adapt output video rate to varying network. Especially, the live system combining P2P streaming media transmission techniques works better in this respect and greatly reduces server pressure in a large-scale environment.

Rate adaption in Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is widely applied to adapt the transmission rate to varying network capacity. For rate adaption on variable bitrate (VBR) encoded video, it is still a challenge to properly identify and address the dynamics of bandwidth and segment bitrate. In this paper, the trend of client buffer level variation (TBLV) is analyzed to be a more effective metric for detecting the dynamics of bandwidth and segment bitrate compared to previous metrics. Then, a partial-linear trend prediction model is developed to accurately estimate TBLV. Finally, based on the prediction model, a novel simple rate adaption algorithm is designed to achieve efficient and smooth video quality level adjustment. Experimental results show that while maintaining similar average video quality, the proposed algorithm achieves up to 47.3% improvement in rate adaption smoothness compared to the existing work.

A simple process to synthesize Zr3N4 and nitrogen-rich Hf3N4 powders via ammonolysis of metal dialkylamides, i.e. Zr(NEt2)4 and Hf(NEt2)4, at temperatures below 700 °C is presented. The obtained nitrides have a rhombohedrally distorted NaCl-type structure, which has previously been reported only for nitrogen-rich films of these nitrides. Regardless of the atmosphere (N2 and He), the Zr3N4 starts to decompose above about ∼ 650 °C and achieves the highest decomposition rate at about 900 °C, finally yielding the mononitride ZrN. Both Zr3N4 and Hf3N4 powders are nanocrystalline with the crystal size of about 2 nm.

e14079 Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) is an oral combination of an antineoplastic thymidine-based nucleoside analog, trifluridine (FTD), and the thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor, tipiracil (TPI). Trifluridine/tipiracil is demonstrated as a valid treatment choice for Asian and Western patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory or intolerant to standard chemotherapies in earlier studies. Its pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was also investigated in American and Japanese phase 1 studies, but never in Chinese pts. This study was conducted to investigate the PK profile of Trifluridine/tipiracil in a Chinese population with solid tumors. Methods: Pts who has responded poorly to existing standard treatment received Trifluridine/tipiracil (35 mg/m2/dose), orally BID, on days 1-5 and days 8-12 every 4 weeks until one of discontinuation criteria was met. Blood samples for PK analysis of FTD (the active compound), fluorothymine (FTY, inactive metabolite) and TPI were collected after single and multiple doses of Trifluridine/tipiracil on days 1 and 12 of cycle 1. The safety, tolerability, and antitumor activity of Trifluridine/tipiracil were also assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: A total of 15 pts were administered Trifluridine/tipiracil and analyzed for PKs. The PKs of FTD, FTY, and TPI in Chinese pts were comparable to those in Japanese pts. Compared with American pts, although the AUC0-t of TPI on day 12 was significantly lower in Chinese pts, the Cmax and AUC0-t of FTD were not significantly different. Thirteen (86.7%) pts reported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and eight (53.3%) pts experienced grade 3 TEAEs, of which anemia and fatigue were most frequently (≥10% of patients) reported. Grade 4 or 5 TEAEs were not observed. Conclusions: The PKs of Trifluridine/tipiracil in Chinese pts were comparable to those in Japanese pts. The exposure of FTD was showed without significant difference between Chinese, Japanese and American pts. Trifluridine/tipiracil was well-tolerated in Chinese pts and had the similar safety profile in comparison with previous studies. Clinical trial information: NCT02261532.

In 1997, the first monoclonal antibody (MoAb), the chimeric anti-CD20 molecule rituximab, was approved by the US Food and Drug administration for use in cancer patients. Since then, the panel of MoAbs that are approved by international regulatory agencies for the treatment of hematopoietic and solid malignancies has continued to expand, currently encompassing a stunning amount of 20 distinct molecules for 11 targets. We provide a brief scientific background on the use of MoAbs in cancer therapy, review all types of monoclonal antibodies-related adverse events (e.g., allergy, immune-related adverse events, cardiovascular adverse events, and pulmonary adverse events), and discuss the mechanism and treatment of adverse events.