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Conceptual metaphor theory holds that understanding abstract affective words relies on concrete spatial information, known as valence-space metaphorical associations. Previous studies show that these metaphorical associations are related to several event-related potentials. However, we know nothing about the neural oscillations underlying these associations. The present study adopted a priming paradigm and the electroencephalographic time-frequency analysis to reveal the brain oscillatory activities related to the processing of valence-space associations. In the experiment, participants first memorized a positive or a negative word. Then, a dot was presented at the higher or lower position of the screen and was horizontally centered. Participants detected the location of the cue and made behavioral responses while their brain electrical activities were recorded. Results found that (a) when participants memorized a negative word and judged the lower spatial cue, the power of the delta band was suppressed compared with memorizing a positive word; (b) when participants memorized a positive word and judged the higher spatial cue, the power of the theta band was suppressed compared with memorizing a negative word; (c) when participants memorized a negative word and judged the lower spatial cue, the power of the alpha band was suppressed compared with memorizing a positive word. These event-related desynchronization results suggest that the processing of valence-space associations is related to inhibition, attention, working memory, and semantic process. The present study provides the first evidence of cortical oscillations involved in conceptual metaphors.

In this working-in-progress paper, we propose a qualitative study of using Information Technologies (IT) to help battle Chromic Disease Management (CDM). Using the institutional entrepreneurship theory, we argue that IT provides the vehicle with which and the context within which healthcare providers can proactively and innovatively improve CDM.

Recently, the digital image blind forensics technology has received an increasing attention in academic community. This paper aims at developing a new identification approach based on the statistical noise and exchangeable image file format (EXIF) information of image for images authentication. In particular, the authors can identify whether the current image has been modified or not by utilizing the relevance between noise and EXIF parameters and comparing the real values with the estimated values of the EXIF parameters. Experimental results validate the proposed method. That is, the detecting system can identify the doctored image effectively.

Providing peaking auxiliary for wind power will affect the thermal power generation efficiency and reduce generation economic benefit. To realize the coordinated scheduling optimization of thermal power and wind power, the key problem is the economic compensation of thermal power peaking. In this paper, through the analysis of the influence of wind power on thermal power generation performance and thermal power peak load regulation on abandon wind, an economic compensation model based on objective optimization is established. The example analysis shows that cooperation of thermal power and wind power can improve the wind power accommodation level and unit efficiency, and the economic compensation mechanism can guarantee thermal power unit economic benefit effectively.

This paper studies the properties of rational general solutions for first order multivariate autonomous rational differential systems. We obtain a necessary and sufficient conditions for existence of rational general solution of first order multivariate autonomous rational differential system if the degree bound of rational solutions of this system is given. Due to the problem for computing a rational solution of the multivariate rational differential system can be reduced to finding a linear rational solution of an autonomous differential equation, we also prove that the linear rational solvability of the resulting autonomous differential equation does not depend on the choice of proper parametrizations of invariant algebraic space curves. In addition, two different rational solutions corresponding to the same invariant algebraic space curve are proved to be related by a shifting of the variable.

In recent years, solid waste backfill mining has developed rapidly and widely used to control surface subsidence and reduce accumulation of solid waste. As crushed materials are used to backfill goafs, the particle size of backfill materials becomes a key factor influencing the control of surface subsidence. To analyse the influences of particle size of backfill materials on surface subsidence, the compaction properties of crushed gangue backfill materials (CGBM) with different particle sizes were tested by using the YAS5000 testing machine and a self-made compacting device. Moreover, based on the strain hardening behaviour of CGBM in the process of compaction, a method of simulating CGBM using double-yield model was put forward. By employing this method in simulation, the influence of particle size of CGBM on surface subsidence was studied. The research results are demonstrated as follows: with the increase in particle size of the backfill materials, these maximum values such as the maximum surface subsidence, horizontal movement, inclination, curvature, and horizontal deformation increased gradually. Little difference was found in the surface subsidence and movement while using CGBM with particle sizes in the ranges of 2.5–16 and 2.5–50 mm with uniform gradation. However, both values were obviously smaller than those using CGBM with particle sizes of 20–31.5 and 31.5–50 mm. In terms of samples with particle sizes of 2.5–50 mm, the gradation of particles was uniform. By using large particles to form frame structures and small particles to fill fractures, such structures with strong anti-deformation abilities produced a small amount of deformation under the load from overlying strata. Therefore, this structure exerted a good controlling effect on surface deformation.

Based on techniques of close upper protective coal-rock layer mining, relieved gas extraction, and underground gangue washing-discharging-backfilling, this paper initiates the concept of mixed fully-mechanized coal mining, which combines a solid backfilling method and a caving method (hereinafter referred to as “backfill and caving mixed mining”). After the principle and key techniques are introduced, a physical simulation experiment and a numerical simulation are used to study the characteristics of the overlying strata’s fracture development, the main roof subsidence, the stress field and its influence area in the transition area with the length ratios of the backfilling section and the caving section, and the advancing distance of the mixed longwall face. Thus, the lengths of the caving section and the backfilling section, the parameters of the support system in the transition section, and the design process of the mixed longwall face are presented. In practice, the mixed longwall face Ji15-31010 in Ping-dingshan No. 12 Colliery proves that the designed lengths of 120 m and 100 m for the backfilling section and the caving section, respectively, are appropriate. The monitoring results of the hydraulic support working resistance show that the supports were working well in general; the maximum growth height of the overlying strata fracture is 18 m; the gas drainage efficiency is up to 80% and the average gas concentration is 0.1 g/m3; a large quantity of gangue generated in the Ji14 seam is disposed underground; coal and gas are extracted simultaneously; and significant environmental and economic benefits are realized.

The conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980, 1999) postulates a unidirectional metaphoric association between abstract and concrete concepts: sensorimotor experience activated by concrete concepts facilitates the processing of abstract concepts, but not the other way around. However, this unidirectional view has been challenged by studies that reported a bidirectional metaphoric association. In three experiments, we tested the directionality of the brightness-valence metaphoric association, using Stroop-like paradigm, priming paradigm, and Stroop-like paradigm with a go/no-go manipulation. Both mean and vincentile analyses of reaction time data were performed. We showed that the directionality of brightness-valence metaphoric congruency effect could be modulated by the activation level of the brightness/valence information. Both brightness-to-valence and valence-to-brightness metaphoric congruency effects occurred in the priming paradigm, which could be attributed to the presentation of prime that pre-activated the brightness or valence information. However, in the Stroop-like paradigm the metaphoric congruency effect was only observed in the brightness-to-valence direction, but not in the valence-to-brightness direction. When the go/no-go manipulation was used to boost the activation of word meaning in the Stroop-like paradigm, the valence-to-brightness metaphoric congruency effect was observed. Vincentile analyses further revealed that valence-to-brightness metaphoric congruency effect approached significance in the Stroop-like paradigm when participants' reaction times were slower (at around 490ms). The implications of the current findings on the conceptual metaphor theory and embodied cognition are discussed.

To increase Prunus armeniaca × P. sibirica and P. domestica × P. armeniaca added value; three natural fruit vinegars were designed. The results showed the nutrition of Prunus domestica × P. armeniaca cultivar Fengweimeigui vinegar (T1) had high minerals and microelements, especially the Ca and Mg reached to the 150.00mg/L, 85.40 mg/L, respectively; the vinegar of Prunus armeniaca × P. sibirica cultivar Zhongren No.1 (T2) not only have rich Na (2800.00 mg/L), P (123.00 mg/L), but also have plentiful amino acid that content reached to 200.08 mg/L. However, the mixture vinegar (T3) with pulps from Prunus domestica × P. armeniaca and Prunus armeniaca × P. sibirica had the middle nutrient contents, but the property was balanced. We therefore conclude that solid fermentation is a suitable method to preserve nutrients and value-added for Prunus plants fruit, and three types vinegars are suitable for different age people, and the difference nutrient contents and typical characteristic indicate that three vinegars are competitive products in market.

Language is essential to human life, such as describing objects or events and sharing ideas with others. One of the most central questions in linguistics and cognitive psychology is whether language influences human cognition, which has been investigated in various domains such as color, space, and number. Recently, some researchers investigated the influence of language on the processing of conceptual metaphors, such as space–pitch metaphor and space–time metaphor. In this selective review, we first present the background of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, and the relationship between bilingualism, conceptual metaphor, and embodiment. Then, we focus on space–time metaphor, a type of conceptual metaphor to depict the impact of bilinguals’ spatial language on their mental representation of time. Despite the mixed evidence in the literature, most of the current findings supported the linguistic relativity hypothesis that spatial language does have an impact on bilinguals’ mental representation of time. We conclude by providing a tentative answer to the effect of linguistic relativity on conceptual metaphor processing and bringing up some questions that will lead to future research.

s: Based on break characteristics of roofs in fully mechanized top-coal mining of thick shallow coal seams, a fracture mechanics model was built, and the criterion of crack propagation in the main roof was derived using the fracture mechanics theory. The relationships between the fracture length of the roof and the working resistance of the supports were discovered, and the correlations between the load on the overlying strata and the ratio of the crack’s length to the thickness of the roof were obtained. Using a working face of Jindi Coal Mine, Xing county Shanxi province as an example, the relationships between the fracture length of the roof and the working resistance of the supports were analysed in detail. The results give a design basis in hydraulic top coal caving supports, which could provide useful references in the practical application. On-site experiment proves that the periodic weighting step interval of the caving face is 15–16 m, which is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis results, and indicates that the mechanized caving hydraulic support is capable of meeting the support requirements in the mining of a super-thick but shallowly buried coal seam. Keywords: Super-thick shallow coal seam, Fully mechanized top-caving mining, Main roof, Fracture mechanics model0

In this paper, characteristics that the overlying strata movement is controlled by solid backfill materials are illustrated in the coal mining with solid backfilling method. In addition, the mineral and chemical composition, density and moisture content of waste rock and fly ash are tested and analysed by physical–chemical treatment. By investigating the compaction deformation and time-dependence characteristics under different ratios of waste rock to fly ash, the optimal ratio of the mixture is obtained to achieve the smallest deformation, and results show that deformation mainly occurs in the initial period of loading. Combining the results of density test on site backfill materials, it indicates that the mass ratio of backfill materials to coal mining is 0·83 in order to ensure the effective of controlling the overlying strata in the coal mining with solid backfill method. The findings of the research provide references for the selection of solid backfill materials in coal mining.

The Conceptual Metaphor Theory (e.g., Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) suggests that people represent abstract concepts in terms of concrete concepts via metaphoric association. Participants in the United States (US) showed that cardinal direction (north/south) is metaphorically associated with valence (positive/negative), as reflected by their estimate for where a person with high or low socioeconomic status (SES) lives in a fictional city or their own living preference (Meier, Moller, Chen, & Riemer-Peltz, 2011). The present study tested whether the cardinal direction–valence metaphoric association could be moderated by cultural differences. Although US participants believed that high-SES and low-SES individuals were more likely to live in the northern and southern part of the city, respectively, the reverse was so for Hong Kong (HK) participants (Study 1). When asked where they themselves would like to live, HK participants preferred to live in a southern area, whereas US participants showed no preference (Studies 2 and 3). These findings demonstrate cultural differences in metaphoric associations between cardinal direction and valence for HK and US participants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

For efficient, economical and environmentally disposing the waste rock underground, based on principles of waste direct backfilling in fully mechanized coal mining, this paper carries out a field test in 6304-1 working face of Jining No.3 Coal Mine. We first design a waste rock direct underground processing system, including screening-crushing system, transportation system, transfer system, stope backfilling system and coal mining system. Then optimize the waste backfilling and coal mining technology, update the waste backfilling process with start backfilling from backfill scraper conveyor s head to tail, gradually uplift tamping arm, gradually compact backfill materials, move backfill scraper conveyor forward when the tamping arm can t extend out and last fill roof gap by up material pushed by down material . At last, imply this system and check strata movement controlling effect by actual measuring the roof dynamic change law, which supported by the dense backfill body. The results show that the test working face can cut 0.6 million tons of raw coal one year, and direct backfill 0.74 million tons of waste rocks at the same time, and the maximum subsidence of immediate roof observed in situ is 340mm, the maximum caving speed is

Since the weight of overburden is sustained by both the backfill body and the unmined solid coal in coal mining with compacted backfilling (CMCB) panels, the stress and deformation characteristics of the surrounding rocks in coal mining are radically changed. The overburden movement control mechanism by coordinating with backfill body and shield in CMCB was studied systematically in this paper. Based on the analysis of deformational and structural characteristics of surrounding rock in CMCB panels, the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering test are employed. The results show that the fracture of the main roof is mainly controlled by the filling ratio φ and is non-correlated to the shield supporting pressure p. However, p has a significant control effect on the deflection of roof within the shield canopy length, and adversely affects the filling ratio. With the increase of the filling ratio of the gob, the maximum sagging of the immediate and the main roofs, the peak front and the influence range of the abutment pressures are gradually reduced. Correspondingly, the stable period of internal pressure of backfill body in the gob is shortened. Engineering practice shows that the sagging of the gob roof, the distribution of the abutment pressure, the distribution of the internal pressure in the backfill body, and the ground surface sagging results obtained by the in-situ measurement are approximately corresponding to the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results.

Ni-MoCeZr-MgAl(O) mixed oxide catalysts were successfully prepared from the Ce, Zr and Mo promoted hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLcs) precursors using the simple and effective hexamethylenetetramine(HMT)-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method by tuning the molar ratio of n(HMT)/n(NO3−). The influence of Ni content (3, 4.8, 6, 9 and 12%) on the catalytic performance of these catalysts in dry reforming of methane (DRM) was focused. Adjusting the content of Ni was able to change the metal dispersion and metal particle size, and small-sized (around 7 nm) and evenly dispersed Ni particles were obtained at Ni content of 6%. The catalyst with 6% Ni loading stood out for the high activity and stability, the CH4 conversion of which fluctuated around 95% continuously for 610 h under GHSV of 60,000 mL·gcat−1·h−1, and it was still above 92.8% throughout the 36-h-duration DRM experiments under GHSV of 80,000 mL·gcat−1·h−1. This research may provide a simple and effective methodology for the synthesis of stable and efficient DRM catalysts.

Scheduling unrelated parallel batch processing machines to minimize makespan is studied in this paper. Jobs with non-identical sizes are scheduled on batch processing machines that can process several jobs as a batch as long as the machine capacity is not violated. Several heuristics based on best fit longest processing time (BFLPT) in two groups are proposed to solve the problem. A lower bound is also proved to evaluate the quality of the heuristics. Computational experiments were undertaken. These showed that J_SC-BFLPT, considering both load balance of machines and job processing times, was robust and outperformed other heuristics for most of the problem categories.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which periodontitis affects the inflammatory response and systemic insulin resistance in the white adipose and liver tissues in an obese rat model. The obese model was generated by feeding rats a high fat diet. The periodontitis model was induced by ligatures and injection of “red complex”, which consisted of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, for two weeks. When compared with rats without periodontitis, fasting glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment index were significantly increased in rats with periodontitis, suggesting that periodontitis promotes the development of insulin resistance in obese rats. Gene and protein expression analysis in white adipose and liver tissue revealed that experimental periodontitis stimulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factors-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, toll-like receptor 2 and toll-like receptor 4. Signals associated with inflammation and insulin resistance, including nuclear factor- B, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and extracellular-signal regulated kinase were significantly activated in the white adipose tissue from obese rats with periodontitis compared to obese rats without periodontitis. Taken together, these findings suggest that periodontitis plays an important role in aggravating the development of local white adipose inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in rat models.

This article argues that the sustainability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be improved by the addition of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approach in helping teachers reduce their workplace stress. This is demonstrated by two clinical trials testing the effectiveness of a multi-component stress management program with the concurrent use of CBT and CAM approaches developed in Hong Kong. The multi-component stress management is shown to be effective in reducing and relieving stress-related emotional or psychosomatic symptoms. Meanwhile, the self-administered CAM techniques may serve to sustain the effects produced by CBT approach. This has the advantage of saving the additional resources needed from intervention by trained professionals such as occupational therapists and psychologists. Implications and future directions are discussed

The surface deformation after fully mechanized back filling mining was analyzed. The surface deformation for different backfill materials was predicted by an equivalent mining height model and numerical simulations. The results suggest that: (1) As the elastic modulus, E, of the backfill material increases the surface subsidence decreases. The rate of subsidence decrease drops after E is larger than 5 GPa; (2) Fully mechanized back fill mining technology can effectively control surface deformation. The resulting surface deformation is within the specification grade I, which means surface maintenance is not needed. A site survey showed that the equivalent mining height model is capable of predicting and analyzing surface deformation and that the model is conservative enough for engineering safety. Finally, the significance of establishing a complete error correction system based on error analysis and correction is discussed. Keywords: Back filling mining, Back filling materials, Surface deformation, Equivalent mining height

Clinical studies have showed that prediabetes (preDM) is a predisposing factor for periodontitis. However, the pathogenic mechanism involved is unclear. Because it is known that the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in periodontitis, it is hypothesized that preDM enhances periodontal inflammation by activation of the TLR-mediated NF-κB pathway.In this study, a preDM rat model is established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD-induced rats with preDM (n = 7) and normal chow-fed rats (n = 7) were studied. The animal model was characterized in terms of body weight and the glycemic and insulinemic profiles. The following parameters were assessed to evaluate possible early periodontal alterations and underlying mechanisms: 1) histology analysis of periodontal tissue; and 2) serum and mRNA levels and/or the tissue protein expression of TLRs, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-κB, cytokines, advanced glucose ends (AGEs), and free fatty acids (FFAs).Rats with preDM presented higher expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in periodontal tissue in the HFD group compared with the control group. The TLR2 and TLR4 was mostly expressed in gingiva, and TLR4 was expressed in periodontal ligament in rats. Furthermore, the MyD88 and TRAF6 protein levels were significantly increased in gingiva in rats with preDM compared with normal rats. The activity of NF-κB signals was higher in rats with preDM than in normal rats. Regarding cytokines expression, the TNF-α protein levels and interleukin-1β mRNA levels were significantly increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. In the serum, AGEs levels were significantly increased in the rats with preDM. Mean FFAs concentrations were increased in rats with preDM compared with normal rats, but it did not reach statistical significance.In rats with preDM, TLR2 and TLR4 gene and protein levels were higher in periodontal tissue, and the activation of NF-κB may, through TLRs/MyD88, cause more cytokine secretion, which is associated with the onset or development of periodontal disease.

International audience; This paper presents two general and efficient methods for determining intersection and self-intersection loci of rationally parametrized surfaces. One of the methods, based on regular systems, is capable of computing the exact parametric loci of intersection and self-intersection. The other, based on Gröbner bases, can compute the minimal varieties passing through the exact parametric loci. The relation between the results computed by the two methods is established and algorithms for computing parametric loci of intersection and self-intersection are described. Experimental results and comparisons with some existing methods show that our algorithms have a good performance.

A fully mechanized coal mining with backfilling (FMCMB) provides advantages of safety and efficiency for coal mining under buildings, railways, and water bodies. According to the field geological conditions, we analyzed the controlling effect of strata movement by the waste and fly ash backfilling in FMCMB face. Based on the key strata theory, we established the equivalent mining thickness model, and analyzed the action of the bulk factor of backfilling body to the equivalent mining thickness. In addition, we numerically simulated the controlling function of the strata movement by backfilling bodies with different strength. And the numerical simulation result show that the deformation of stratum and the subsidence of surface can be controlled by FMCMB. The result provides references to the effective execution of fully mechanized coal mining with solid waste backfilling in goaf.

Fully mechanized backfilling mining technology with waste, fly ash, and loess, etc. provides advantages of safety and high efficiency to the extraction of coal under buildings, railways and water bodies. In this paper, the bulk ratios of backfilling bodies with different waste and fly ash mixture ratio was analyzed with MTS815.02 electro-hydraulic servo rock mechanical testing system and compacting device, the optimal mixture ratio of waste and fly ash was determined, and it proposed that the backfilling body should be firstly compacted after being backfilled into the goaf. With numerical simulation, the impacts of bulk ratio of waste and fly ash backfilling body to overlying strata movement law and surface subsidence controlling in backfilling mining were analyzed, and it figured out the bulk ratio of backfilling body that could ensure a reasonable range of surface subsidence. Finally, the engineering application confirmed that the strata movement controlling in fully mechanized backfilling mining was more effective, the surface buildings and facilities were not severely influenced. The above achievements could provide technical reference for the successful implementation of fully mechanized backfilling mining.

In solid backfill coal mining (SBCM), loose gangue backfill material (LGBM) is used to backfill the goaf after coal resources are exploited from the underground mines. Under certain geological conditions, LGBM with a certain height may be soaked in the water, and then becomes saturated, significantly altering its mechanical properties. The confined compression experiments were used in this paper to analyze the deformation and the crushing characteristics of LGBM with varying water soaked heights in coal mines. The results showed that a large number of small holes that were distributed in the gangue blocks were the main reason why the material absorbed water and was softened. The crushing ratio and the maximum axial strain of LGBM samples gradually increased with the water soaked heights of the samples. In addition, there was a strong linear correlation between the crushing ratio and the maximum axial strain. When LGBM was used as a solid backfill material in SBCM, its deformation resistance would significantly decrease after it was soaked in the water. Higher water soaked height of LGBM led to lower deformation resistance and greater influence on the quality of backfilling. This research has great significance in getting a deep and better understanding of the mechanical properties of LGBM, as well as guiding engineering practice.

Objective The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Shenfu injection plus vinorelbine on the promotion of the quality of life (QOL) in elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

In this paper we study the semiconvergence of accelerated overrelaxation (AOR) iterative methods for the least squares solution of minimal norm of rank deficient linear systems. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the semiconvergence of the AOR and JOR iterative methods are given. The optimum parameters and the associated convergence factor are derived.

In this paper, we discuss semiconvergence of the block AOR method for solving singular linear systems with p-cyclic matrices. Some sufficient conditions for the semiconvergence of the block AOR method for solving a general p-cyclic singular system are proved.

Nanoscale Ga particles down to 5 nm were fabricated by an explosion via an in situ electron-beam irradiation on microscale silica-covered Ga balls in a transmission electron microscope. The explosion is confirmed to be a Coulomb explosion because it occurs on the surface rather than in the whole body of the insulating silica-covered Ga micro–balls and on the pure Ga nano-balls on the edge of carbon film. The ejected particles in the explosion increase their sizes with increasing irradiation time until the stop of the explosion, but decrease their sizes with increasing distance from the original ball. The Coulomb explosion suggests a novel method to fabricate nanoscale metal particles with low melting point.

Background Childhood obesity has been a serious public health problem. An effective school-based physical activity (PA) intervention is still lacking in China. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention during 12 weeks on obesity and related health outcomes in school children. Methods It was a non-randomized controlled trial. Altogether 921 children aged 7 to 15 years were recruited at baseline survey. Children in the intervention group (n = 388) participated in a multi-component physical activity intervention during 12 weeks that included improvement of physical education, extracurricular physical activities for overweight/obese students, physical activities at home, and health education lectures for students and parents. Children (n = 533) in the control group participated in usual practice. Results Participants had mean age of 10.4 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 19.59 kg/m2, and 36.8 % of them were overweight or obese at baseline survey. The change in BMI in intervention group (−0.02 ± 0.06 kg/m2) was significantly different from that in control group (0.41 ± 0.08 kg/m2). The adjusted mean difference was −0.43 kg/m2 (95% CI: −0.63 to −0.23 kg/m2, P

Affective concepts can be described in terms of space, which is known as the valence-space metaphor. Previous studies have not investigated either the specifics of this metaphor on the transverse and vertical axes or the time course of this metaphoric association. With Chinese participants, we used a spatial cue task to study the valence-space metaphor on the transverse (left-and-right; Experiment 1A) and vertical (upper-and-lower; Experiment 1B) axes. After being shown an affective word and asked to keep it in mind, the participants were given a spatial target detection task. The results revealed that the metaphoric association was only found on the vertical axis. More specifically, keeping a positive word in mind facilitated the detection of the upper target, but no such effect was found in the detection of the lower target. Furthermore, in Experiment 2, we manipulated the duration of time (100 ms, 500 ms, and 1000 ms) between the offset of the affective word and the onset of the spatial target (i.e., interstimulus intervals, ISI), to test the dynamic time course of the valence-space metaphor on the vertical axis. The results showed that when ISI was 100ms, keeping a positive word in mind facilitated the detection of the upper target and keeping a negative word in mind facilitated the detection of the lower target. However, when the ISI was 500 or 1000 ms, keeping a positive word in mind facilitated the detection of the upper target and no such effect was found in the detection of the lower target, indicating that ISI might be important in the valence-space metaphoric association. In sum, we found that the processing of affective valence activated the vertical spatial axis but not the transverse axis. Further, the association might be modulated by ISI, indicating that it may be related to attention allocation.

According to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, people understand abstract concepts depending on the activation of more concrete concepts, but not vice versa. The present research aims to investigate the role of directionality and automaticity regarding the activation of the conceptual metaphor "good is up". Experiment 1 tested the automaticity of the spatial-to-valence metaphoric congruency effect by having participants judge the valence of a positive or negative word that appeared either at the top or at the bottom of the screen. They performed the task concurrently with a 6-digit verbal rehearsal task in the working-memory-load (WML) blocks and without this task in the non-WML blocks. The spatial-to-valence metaphoric congruency effect occurred for the positive words in the non-WML blocks (i.e., positive words are judged more quickly when they appeared at the top than at the bottom of the screen), but not in the WML blocks, suggesting that this metaphoric association might not be activated automatically. Experiments 2-6 investigated the valence-to-spatial metaphoric association and its automaticity. Participants processed a positive or negative prime, which appeared at the center of the screen, and then identified a letter (p/q) that subsequently appeared at the top or bottom of the screen. The valence-to-spatial metaphoric congruency effect did not occur in the WML (6-digit verbal rehearsal) or non-WML blocks, whether response modality to the prime was key-press or vocal, or whether the prime was a word or a picture. The effect only unexpectedly occurred when the task was simultaneously performed with a 4-dot-position visuospatial rehearsal task. Nevertheless, the data collapsed across multiple experiments showed a null valence-to-spatial metaphoric congruency effect, suggesting the absence of the valence-to-spatial metaphoric association in general. The implications of the current findings for the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its alternatives are discussed.

Lymph node metastasis has an important effect on prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, the impact of para-aortic lymph node (PAN) removal on patient prognosis is still unclear. In this study, 80 patients were divided into groups A and B. Group A consisted of 30 patients who underwent PAN + pelvic lymph node (PLN) dissection, whereas group B consisted of 50 patients who only underwent PLN dissection. Analysis of the correlation between PAN clearance and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer was conducted. Nineteen cases of lymph node metastasis were found in group A, among whom seven cases were positive for PAN, three cases for PLN, and nine cases for both PAN and PLN. In group B, 13 cases were positive for lymph node metastasis. Our study suggested that the metastatic rate of lymph node is 40.0%. Lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with FIGO stage, tumor differentiation, and histological type both in groups A and B (P0.05). In groups A and B, the three-year survival rates were 77.9% and 69.0%, and the five-year survival rates were 46.7% and 39.2%, respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P0.05). The three-year survival rates of PLN metastasis in groups A and B were 68.5% and 41.4%, and the five-year survival rates were 49.7% and 26.4%, respectively. Furthermore, PLN-positive patients who cleared PAN had significantly higher survival rate (P = 0.044). In group A, the three-year survival rates of positive and negative lymph nodes were 43.5% and 72.7%, and the five-year survival rates were 27.2% and 58.5%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.048). Cox model analysis of single factor suggested that lymph node status affected the survival rate (P0.01), which was the death risk factor. Consequently, in ovarian carcinoma cytoreductive surgery, resection of the para-aortic lymph node, which has an important function in clinical treatment and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer, is necessary.

Ga-filled MgO and silica nanotubes were fabricated by a simple one-step method. The height of the gallium column in both two kinds of nanotube varies linearly and reproducibly to the temperature change when in situ heating and cooling in transmission electron microscope, make them ideal nanothermometers for use in a wide variety of microenvironments. The Ga-filled MgO nanothermometer has a rather high sensitivity of 6.02 nm/degrees C in the measuring range of 30-450 degrees C, which is one of the most sensitive nanothermometer. In comparison, the Ga-filled silica nanothermometer has a moderate sensitivity of 1.15 nm/degrees C in a wide temperature range of 30-900 degrees.

To analyze the clinical features and treatment protocols of primary laryngeal amyloidosis.Retrospective study of 5 patient hospitalized from 1996 - 2011. All of the patients by resection lesions, including four routine throat tumor resection, and burst throat by supporting laryngoscope in 1 case, all did not give lesions resection radiation and hormone therapy.All the 5 patients recovered clinically. There were 3 patients followed up for 0.3-7.5 years with a mean time of 3.3 years without recurrence, 2 patients lost follow-up.Middle ages seemed to be more vulnerable. The most common disease region is true vocal cord, followed by false vocal cord, epiglottis former clearance etc. Early surgical treatment of this disease is the most important treatment, larynx endoscopic and CT for the diagnosis of great value, and pathologic biopsy especially Congo red stain positive is the basis of the specific diagnosis of this disease.

This paper is an extension of support theory for preconditioning, a set of techniques for bounding extreme eigenvalues and condition numbers for matrix pencils. Our intended application of this generalized support theory is to enable proving condition number bounds for preconditioners of general linear algebra systems, including indefinite and non-symmetric matrices, not merely symmetric positive definite (spd) systems.

The crankshaft of a six-crank reciprocating compressor frequently cracks during operation station. After the diameter of main shaft being magnified, this problem is not solved while new one appears, i.e., the unit vibrates strongly and the Crank bearing scuffs continuously at the 1st and 2nd crank. To explain the exact reason and modify the configuration of compressor, analysis of modal and dynamic response is performed for the initial and magnified crankshaft with ANSYS finite element analysis software. The result shows that the crack of crankshaft results from the fatigue damage worsened by torsional resonance vibration, and the crank bearings are scuffed because of the largest torsional vibration amplitude of crank pin, which increases continuously from the driving end to the free end. As the diameter of main shaft is magnified, the first order of torsional vibration natural frequency is increased and thus the frequency ratio r of sevenfold rotating speed to the first order of torsional vibration natural frequency is reduced from 1.036 to 1.016, and therefore stronger resonance vibration occurs. Improved configuration is put forward with reduced diameters of crankshaft and cylinders of each stage. With the fault eliminated, not only the predetermined technical performance is ensured but also lower cost and smaller size of components can be obtained.

Particle filter is a popular stochastic tracker for object tracking. In this paper, we proposed a novel algorithm for object tracking based on particle filter and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). The result of SIFT matching does not adopt to reweight the particles as previous methods, we adopts a hybrid schema to supplement the particle distribution of traditional factor sampling with importance sampling. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm yields a more robust tracking result.

We report herein a study of aging using in vitro and in vivo models. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and ferritin expression levels increased, and the levels of glutamate transporter 1 and transferrin receptor 1 decreased in aging mouse spinal cord and its astrocytes. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential in astrocytes decreased after 60 d of culture. Given the relationship between aging and loss of antioxidant tolerance capacity, we examined the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the old mouse astrocytes and spinal cord. Indeed, both antioxidant enzymes decreased there. Total nuclear factor E2-related factor 2, which governs basal and inducible expression of HO1 and NQO1, decreased significantly. Significantly, epigallocatechin gallate restored the Nrf2 activity.

To present the experience of nasal reconstruction with forehead flap.nasal reconstruction with forehead flap were applied in eight nasal carcinoma cases after operation and 5 nasal trauma cases with defects.These forehead flaps were alive in all patients, all incision healed in I stage, no post operative complications were found. The shapes of nose were satisfactory, there were no recurrence of tumor during 1 to 17 year follow up.The method can be clinically applied for its simple procedure, reliable flap's blood supply, high survival rate and satisfied result.