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Interview Engl/Ita, Tracce Urbane. Rivista Italiana Transdisciplinare di Studi Urbani, No 5 (2019): Margini. Pratiche, Politiche e Immaginari/ Margins. Pratices, Politics and Imaginaries. A cura di Giacomo Pozzi

Protein concentration is an important attribute in the production of subunit or component-based vaccine antigens. Rigorous monitoring of protein concentration is required to identify potential areas for yield improvement. The current GMP method for quantitation is the plate-based ELISA which requires numerous hands-on steps and has low sensitivity in comparison to new microfluidic systems. To address this issue, a sensitive automated microCapillary Electrophoresis ImmunoAssay (mCE IA) method was developed to accurately separate and quantitate pertactin (PRN), an important antigen of the modern acellular Pertussis (aP) vaccine. PRN is reported to be a low-yielding antigen; thus, it is critical to observe its concentration throughout its manufacturing process. First, a primary antibody for PRN was identified to establish suitable immunoprobing conditions for detection of PRN over a wide linear dynamic range that spans 3 orders of magnitude. Next, the pre-adsorbed PRN Drug Substance (DS) was used as a reference standard to quantitate PRN samples against a calibration curve with adequate accuracy and precision. Four representative samples including three in-process steps and final adjuvanted drug product: Quadracel®, were examined to demonstrate the capability of mCE IA to quantitate PRN with high sensitivity and specificity. The matrices of the selected samples contain additional components (e.g. other proteins, growth factors, cell culture media, residual ammonium sulfate, and aluminum adjuvant) often making the quantitation of PRN challenging. The specificity and method linearity were demonstrated by spiking pre-adsorbed PRN DS into the four representative samples. In addition, it was shown that reportable concentrations of PRN for nine downstream process steps as analyzed by our method is comparable to concentrations obtained with ELISA. Most importantly, this study demonstrated that our method's quantitative accuracy is independent of matrix components, as each sample undergoes extensive dilution. This allows for seamless end-to-end analysis of PRN from fermenter harvest, through to complex downstream process samples to adjuvanted drug products. Finally, for the first time the developed and qualified mCE IA method was shown to quantify PRN throughout the entire manufacturing process to provide rapid feedback for process optimizations allowing for accurate yield and step-loss calculations.

Submitted by Simone Tulumello (simone.tulumello@ics.ulisboa.pt) on 2020-05-04T10:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2020_Accornero et al_update RHJ.pdf: 162964 bytes, checksum: ebbafe0326e3ada50098ce817444fca8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-04T13:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2020_Accornero et al_update RHJ.pdf: 162964 bytes, checksum: ebbafe0326e3ada50098ce817444fca8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This article introduces the special issue ‘Planning amid crisis and austerity: in, against and beyond the contemporary juncture’. It starts by acknowledging two limits of the existing body of literature on the planning/crisis/austerity nexus: on the one hand, the excessive reliance on cases at the ‘core’ of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, with impacts on the understanding of austerity as a response to economic crises; and, on the other, the limited attention given to the impacts of austerity on planning, and their implications for planning practice and research. Based on the contributions in the special issue, the article reflects on some lessons learned: first, the need for a more nuanced understanding of the multiple geographies and temporalities of crisis and austerity; second, the problematic standing of planning practice and research in the face of crisis and austerity; and, third, the potential and limitations of (local) responses and grassroots mobilizations in shaping alternatives.

This article examines how spatial planning systems have changed in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece in times of economic recession and austerity politics, in amid pressures of external actors and local conditions and traditions. We analyse the round of reforms of spatial planning and territorial governance implemented by national governments under pressures by European institutions, as well as local responses to them. On the one hand, we highlight how European institutions have used the conditionalities attached to bailout packages and other instrument of pressure to frame what can be considered an implicit Southern European spatial planning policy developed by the European Union. On the other, we suggest that Southern European planning amid crisis and austerity should be understood, together, as field that problematizes the idea of Europeanization of planning; a space used as ‘prototype’ for new rounds of neoliberalization; and a political space that continuously develops through top-down/bottom-up dialectic conflicts.

Neste artigo, visamos oferecer algumas reflexões sobre a interseção entre políticas de habitação, segregação espacial e pobreza, em relação a três grandes paradigmas de intervenção nesta área: políticas de “dispersão”, políticas de mixité e políticas place-based de desenvolvimento local. Para tal, utilizamos alguns dos resultados do mapeamento, na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (AML), do maior programa de habitação da história democrática portuguesa, o Programa Especial de Realojamento (PER), lançado em 1993 para “erradicar” a “chaga” das “barracas”. Ao comparar as abordagens diferentes de algumas das 18 câmaras municipais da AML, enfatizamos alguns aspetos problemáticos que demonstram a ausência de visão e estratégia na definição de políticas de habitação efetivamente capazes de contrastar a pobreza e a sua concentração.

One of the most important challenges in the modern world of food and beverage is the persistence of world hunger. Also, the surplus production of food in richer countries has determined important environmental problems. The problem should not be only the identification of the best food for human beings, but also the possibility of supplying this food in adequate amounts, with good nutritional intakes and in a sustainable way. In the ambit of crops, cereals are always the first choice. However, other vegetables can be considered with favour, including grain legumes. The use of domesticated legumes and pulses in human history is well documented worldwide. One of the most interesting grain legumes (because of its intrinsic resistance to drastic environmental conditions) is Lathyrus sativus (grass pea). Similarly to other grain legumes, it is historically reported to be used for the production of soups, unleavened breads, and other meals. On the other hand, grass pea may be questioned with concern to human and animal nutrition because of a peculiar neurotoxin associated with neurolathyrism disease. This chapter concerns chemical and biochemical properties of grass pea, with nutritional evaluations.

The production of certain recipes based on both cereals and grain legumes may be supposed to be a good deal when speaking of authenticity and traceability issues. Apparently, grain legumes—and specifically Lathyrus sativus—may be included in these discussions when speaking of economically motivated adulteration. Actually, safety and health concerns related to grass pea should be good arguments against food frauds linked with the commerce of L. sativus. However, the Italian perspective suggests some counterargument. Several cultivars are well known and considered ‘Traditional Agricultural Food Products’ in Italy, meaning that the historical tradition should be correlated with the geographical importance. Anyway, two different viewpoints have to be considered when speaking of authenticity and traceability issues in connection with grass pea: first of all, the birth or growth of ‘market niches’ with a strong interest in grass pea, in countries with high income; and secondly, the possible use of this grain legume, with the intention of adulterating other flours, in some Asian country above all. For these reasons, grass pea can have some important role when speaking of food frauds.

This Chapter concerns the use of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) in human and animal nutrition by the viewpoint of safety and health. Domesticated grass pea is documented and historically demonstrated. This grain legume can be found worldwide. Substantially, Lathyrus genus—and grass pea in particular—seems to be a constant presence in the human history in association with cultivated cereals and other legumes. From the nutritional viewpoint, L. sativus is reported to have a demonstrated deficiency of vitamins A, B1, C, D, and E, some amino acids and elements. However, these deficiencies are not important worries. Health and safety problems are linked to the β-ODAP neurotoxin, responsible for neurolathyrism, and other antinutritional factors (condensed tannins and total phenolics; some enzymatic inhibitory activities). Actually, ‘neurolathyrism is associated with osteolathyrism (under the common ‘lathyrism’ name). Anyway, the main problem is the presence of β-ODAP neurotoxin, and a safe use of grass pea cannot be assured in these conditions. This Chapter also explains common culinary methods for the safe consumption of grass pea-based foods by the chemical angle.

Key-concepts as gentrification and touristification – and many other correlated to them – have recently moved from the academic lexicon to the political and public one. At the same time, they “travelled” from places in which they have been coined – British and North American cities – to be used all around the world. This article discusses some issues about the application of those concepts in the European South; it then proposes a new usage, based on the concept of articulation, analytically more accurate and politically more vivid.

Submitted by Simone Tulumello (simone.tulumello@ics.ulisboa.pt) on 2020-12-15T17:19:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2020_persak, tulumello_crim enc_intro.pdf: 317271 bytes, checksum: 7acc9e4811d22c39b991b93c005014ff (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-16T15:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2020_persak, tulumello_crim enc_intro.pdf: 317271 bytes, checksum: 7acc9e4811d22c39b991b93c005014ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This Chapter concerns the traditional use of a peculiar crop legume, grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) as a food product or ingredient for typical food products. At present, this legume is known worldwide and widely used in relation to human nutrition. In fact, grass pea has very interesting nutritional features, including the abundance in proteins, and peculiar organoleptic properties. On the other hand, grass pea may be questioned with concern to human and animal nutrition because of a peculiar neurotoxin associated with neurolathyrism and occurs if grass pea-based foods are consumed in notable quantities. However, these food products are an interesting legacy for many geographical and ethnic cultures. At present, many food varieties are reported to be correlated with grass pea worldwide. An overview of different food versions ascribed to L. sativus in the world is offered here in relation to continental areas and taking into mind the existence of a peculiar culinary pattern in Ethiopia (soups/sauces/processed seeds/unleavened breads) which can be partially found in other non-African nations.

Doling (2006, A European Housing Policy? European Journal of Housing Policy, 6(3), 335–349. doi:10.1080/14616710600973169) characterized the intervention of the EU in the field of housing as a ‘stealth policy’, arguing that while the EU has no formal competence in this policy area, it has de facto conditioned national housing policies. This suggests that housing policy is a particularly interesting case for the study of formal and informal modes of multilevel governance. However, European comparative studies about housing policy have almost exclusively focused either on the national or local characteristics of housing systems. In this paper we explore the connections between the development of Portuguese housing policies in the last four decades, on the one side, and EU programmes and documents on the other. We will show how the dynamics of Portuguese housing policy reflected the fluctuations of EU agenda. In doing so, we aim at (i) exploring the history of EU ‘stealth housing policy’ in a moment of re-emergence of housing as a defining theme of EU agenda; and (ii) providing a more accurate characterization of domestic recent general trends and processes through a multi-scalar gaze.

The use of grain legumes in various European regions has been observed with peculiar interest in the Middle Age, although the presence of seeds such as Lathyrus sativus (grass pea) is demonstrated since the Neolithic Era. The cereal/legume association has been reported in Andorra, Italy, and France at least from the late Roman Empire to the late Middle Age. Cereals and other plants such as Pisum sativum, Vicia faba, and L. sativus were often present and probably cultivated in good amounts. Interestingly, the same localisation of known recipes based on L. sativus in certain areas found in Morocco, Spain, France, and Italy (as an ideal line from the Maghreb area to Central Europe) can be seen as the heritage of past memories. Anyway, grass pea is a known and cultivated grain legume in Europe and specifically in Italy. The presence and persistence of grass pea is demonstrated also because of the current existence of certain recipes in some areas with strong medieval traditions. This chapter concerns regional culinary traditions associated with grass pea in Italy, with some consideration concerning historical reasons for the localisation of polenta-like dishes in some circumscribed areas only.

Considering the absence of an agreed definition of urban violence, this article suggests that exploring the violence-security nexus in the context of planetary urbanisation provides some necessary steps for theorisation. Moving from the analytical toward the conceptual, we offer three conceptual shifts, intended as steps toward a theory of urban violence: first, from violence in the city to violence in/of/through an age of planetary urbanisation; second, beyond the dichotomous thinking about the violence-security nexus; third, from manifestations of violence in the city to the ‘threshold’ (of visibility) beyond which a city is understood, and depicted, as violent. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

O presente ensaio procura contribuir para o debate em torno das questões da habitação em Portugal, centrando-se no papel do Estado e das políticas públicas na afirmação da habitação como um direito social e, consequentemente, na sua desmercadorização. A reflexão que apresento refere-se à conjuntura presente, visando apresentar possibilidades concretas de reforma da ação pública. Por esta razão, o ensaio tem como pano de fundo as questões identificadas na introdução deste volume (ver Allegra e...

International audience

Nel quadro della svolta preventiva che ha caratterizzato il governo globale della sicurezza urbana negli ultimi decenni, il caso italiano è stato caratterizzato in maniera peculiare dall’emergenza e consolidazione del concetto di “decoro” (e del suo opposto discorsivo, il “degrado”) come strumento governamentale attivo sia su scala istituzionale sia locale. Adottando una prospettiva teorica che propone di interpretare sicurezza e prevenzione come processi di territorializzazione e produzione di margini, questo saggio discute il ruolo della diade decoro/degrado nella produzione contemporanea di pratiche e discorsi urbani in Italia. Attraverso una lente bifocale, si presenta la maniera in cui il decoro è stato istituzionalmente promosso come strumento di prevenzione e controllo; a seguire, si riflette sulle pratiche attiviste (come le passeggiate femministe indecorose) che ne hanno svelato la matrice violenta e hanno proposto territorializzazioni inclusive., Tracce Urbane. Rivista Italiana Transdisciplinare di Studi Urbani, No 5 (2019): Margini. Pratiche, Politiche e Immaginari/ Margins. Pratices, Politics and Imaginaries. A cura di Giacomo Pozzi

O estado da habitação Os últimos anos foram marcados por transformações rápidas e profundas no país. Saído de uma grave crise económica, a qual resultou em sérias consequências sociais, Portugal tornou-se subitamente num caso de estudo de recuperação económica (nomeadamente quanto à capacidade de pôr em prática políticas alternativas à austeridade) e de inovação política (com a convergência inédita, na democracia portuguesa, dos partidos à esquerda). Convertendo-se num “objeto” de debate, Por...

O presente ensaio procura contribuir para o debate em torno das questões da habitação em Portugal, centrando-se no papel do Estado e das políticas públicas na afirmação da habitação como um direito social e, consequentemente, na sua desmercadorização. A reflexão que apresento refere-se à conjuntura presente, visando apresentar possibilidades concretas de reforma da ação pública. Por esta razão, o ensaio tem como pano de fundo as questões identificadas na introdução deste volume (ver Allegra e Tulumello, este volume): por um lado, a compreensão da presente conjuntura como resultado da coexistência de falhas históricas do sistema de habitação e das crises recentes devidas ao boom do imobiliário e do turismo; pelo outro, uma reflexão crítica sobre as medidas recentes em matéria de política habitacional, principalmente as incluídas na Nova Geração de Políticas de Habitação (NGPH)2. Em particular, irei apresentar algumas reflexões sobre três vertentes: i) regulação pública, e a sua necessidade urgente face às profundas assimetrias do mercado da habitação; ii) provisão pública e seu financiamento, e o papel crucial que estes devem jogar na resolução das problemáticas históricas do sistema de habitação; e iii) planeamento urbano e ordenamento do território, necessários para resolver a tensão entre habitação como componente do estado social e das políticas urbanas, bem como entre os níveis nacional e local de governação. Para cada vertente irei refletir criticamente sobre as reformas já aprovadas e em discussão, e oferecer algumas pistas para reformas capazes de articular as várias dimensões de uma política de habitação coerente e equitativa.

O estado da habitacao Os ultimos anos foram marcados por transformacoes rapidas e profundas no pais. Saido de uma grave crise economica, a qual resultou em serias consequencias sociais, Portugal tornou-se subitamente num caso de estudo de recuperacao economica (nomeadamente quanto a capacidade de por em pratica politicas alternativas a austeridade) e de inovacao politica (com a convergencia inedita, na democracia portuguesa, dos partidos a esquerda). Convertendo-se num “objeto” de debate, Por...

Resumo Lisboa encontra-se em transição. Ao sair de uma crise económica acompanhada por severas políticas de austeridade, encontra-se numa nova fase de dinamismo económico, mas sem conseguir inverter antigas e novas estruturas de desigualdade social e territorial. Este artigo, ao mostrar as recentes transformações do mercado imobiliário e da habitação na principal cidade portuguesa, bem como os movimentos sociais preocupados com o direito à habitação, questiona as articulações entre desenvolvimento local e modelos da nova economia global. A recente história de Lisboa é apresentada como caso paradigmático das disputas entre modelos pseudoliberais de desenvolvimento económico e urbano, e a paulatina formação de suas contestações locais, sobretudo sociais mas também institucionais e, decerto, crescentemente interligadas em redes internacionais. Abstract Lisbon is undergoing deep transformations. After an economic crisis accompanied by harsh austerity policies, Lisbon is experiencing a new economic dynamism, but without reverting old and new, social and territorial, inequalities. This article presents recent transformations in the real estate market and housing of the main Portuguese city, and portrays emerging social movements concerned about the right to housing. In addition, it questions the articulations between local development and models of the new global economy. Lisbon’s recent history is shown as a paradigmatic case of clashes among pseudo-liberal models of urban and economic development, and the gradual emergence of forms of contestation, with both social and institutional natures, at the local level but increasingly connected to international networks.

The Caravana pelo Direito à Habitação travelled across Portugal together with local groups and associations to collect information on and give visibility to housing needs, while aiming to create new networks and influence the national political agenda. This conversation brings together seven scholar-activists that participated in the Caravana, who reflect upon the Caravana and contemporary struggles on the right to housing in Portugal. The conversation sheds light on some contentious issues that are presented through a selection of relevant excerpts, which cover personal identities as scholar-activists; contexts shaping contemporary housing struggles; and the relation of the Caravana to the the politics of housing in Portugal.

Urban security (or public safety), rather than a “social problem” tackled neutrally, is a issue of political contestation, owing to its threefold gist as right to not be victims of crime, policy goal and social demand. This article, highlighting how planning research has neglected to engage with contemporary paradoxes of security, makes the case for a critical approach to crime prevention and explores the embeddedness of urban security in planning practice in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. We debate the relations of urban security with changing planning paradigms and political approaches around the vertical (multilevel/multi-scale) and horizontal distribution of planning practices., The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, grants SFRH/ BPD/86394/2012 and UID/SOC/50013/2013.

Since the 1990s Italy has been going through changes and experiments concerning modes and tools of urban government. New methods, based on public­private partnership, on a consensual basis, were progressively adopted, overcoming the traditional authoritative mechanisms and role of public actors. The contribution of Community policies such as initiatives on urban areas, has been crucial in creating new tools, influencing the existing ones and activating new approaches to planning. This paper builds some theoretical considerations on the contributions the implementation of European Programmes has given to the changes in the conception of urban interventions and thedebated shift in urban policies from “government” to “governance”. The aim is to build a critical analysis about how the Urban 1 initiative acted as a “catalyst” for the evolution of urban practices,accelerating the innovation of the planning cultures and practices. The article examines three cities where an Urban 1 Programme has been developed: Genoa, Naples and Palermo. The cases have beenselected in order to present the variety of interpretations of EU initiatives across Italy, fostering a critical discussion on EU programmes and their relationships with local planning policies.

Programmable data planes recently emerged as a prominent innovation in Software Defined Networking (SDN), by permitting support of stateful flow processing functions over hardware network switches specifically designed for network processing. Unlike early SDN solutions such as OpenFlow, modern stateful data planes permit to keep (and dynamically update) local per-flow states inside network switches, thus dramatically improving reactiveness of network applications to state changes. Still, also in stateful data planes, the control and update of non-local states is assumed to be completely delegated to a centralized controller and thus accessed only at the price of extra delay. Our LOADER proposal aims at contrasting the apparent dichotomy between local states and global states. We do so by introducing a new possibility: permit to take localized (in-switch) decisions not only on local states but also on replicated global states, thus providing support for network-wide applications without incurring the drawbacks of classical approaches. To this purpose, i) we provide high-level programming abstractions devised to define the states and the update logic of a generic network-wide application, and ii) we detail the underlying low level state management and replication mechanisms. We then show LOADER's independence of the stateful data plane technology employed, by implementing it over two distinct stateful data planes (P4 switches and OPP - Open Packet Processor - switches), and by experimentally validating both implementations in an emulated testbed using a simple distributed Deny-of-Service (DoS) detection application.

Dedicating a PTP Interface to spaces of refuge, migration and border enforcement is a very timely decision. The six pieces collected here set out a truly global picture of the nexus of human mobility, politics of citizenship and planning amid turbulent processes of capitalist urbanisation – or, to put it with Neil Brenner and Christian Schmid, ‘planetary’ urbanisation. I particularly appreciate the way the contributors were able to open up the ‘immigration and refugee crisis’. For one, the authors indirectly expose the pathetic cry of Western politicians and media for the tiny fraction of the world refugee population their wealthy countries have to deal with. More importantly, the six pieces also provide a clear picture of the real ‘crises’ at stake: crises of housing, urban development, dispossession and extraction, imperialist war – the latest, and most hideous, crisis of capitalism-as-urbanisation (cf. Rossi, 2017), in short.