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The need to develop and provide integrated observation systems to better understand and manage global and regional environmental change is one of the major challenges facing Earth system science today. In 2008, the German Helmholtz Association took up this challenge and launched the German research infrastructure TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories (TERENO). The aim of TERENO is the establishment and maintenance of a network of observatories as a basis for an interdisciplinary and long‐term research program to investigate the effects of global environmental change on terrestrial ecosystems and their socio‐economic consequences. State‐of‐the‐art methods from the field of environmental monitoring, geophysics, remote sensing, and modeling are used to record and analyze states and fluxes in different environmental disciplines from groundwater through the vadose zone, surface water, and biosphere, up to the lower atmosphere. Over the past 15 years we have collectively gained experience in operating a long‐term observing network, thereby overcoming unexpected operational and institutional challenges, exceeding expectations, and facilitating new research. Today, the TERENO network is a key pillar for environmental modeling and forecasting in Germany, an information hub for practitioners and policy stakeholders in agriculture, forestry, and water management at regional to national levels, a nucleus for international collaboration, academic training and scientific outreach, an important anchor for large‐scale experiments, and a trigger for methodological innovation and technological progress. This article describes TERENO's key services and functions, presents the main lessons learned from this 15‐year effort, and emphasizes the need to continue long‐term integrated environmental monitoring programmes in the future. Plain Language Summary: This paper discusses the importance of creating comprehensive environmental observation systems to better understand and address global and regional environmental changes. In 2008, a German research infrastructure named Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) was established to build and maintain a network of observatories. The goal is to conduct interdisciplinary, long‐term research on the impacts of global environmental changes on terrestrial ecosystems and their socio‐economic effects. The TERENO network employs advanced methods from environmental monitoring, geophysics, remote sensing, and modeling to study various environmental aspects. Over the past 15 years, four observatories have been part of this network, contributing to valuable experience in overcoming challenges and exceeding expectations. Today, TERENO is a crucial component for environmental modeling and forecasting in Germany, serving as an information hub for practitioners and policymakers. It also fosters international collaboration, supports large‐scale experiments, and drives methodological and technological advancements. The article highlights key lessons learned from this 15‐year effort and emphasizes the importance of continuing such integrated environmental monitoring programs in the future. Key Points: Integrated observatories ensure a holistic Earth Systems perspective, offering data for current and future ecological challengesThe scientific and societal value of observatories is invaluable, but their design, construction and operation require considerable effortFor assured long‐term data collection, research infrastructure must have flexible design for adapting to changing research needs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of digital transformation on Korean society by analyzing Korean social media data, focusing on the societal and economic effects triggered by advancements in digital technology. Utilizing text mining techniques and semantic network analysis, we extracted key terms and their relationships from online news and blogs, identifying major themes related to digital transformation. Our analysis, based on data collected from major Korean portals using various related search terms, provides deep insights into how digital evolution influences individuals, businesses, and government sectors. The findings offer a comprehensive view of the technological and social trends emerging from digital transformation, including its policy, economic, and educational implications. This research not only sheds light on the understanding and strategic approaches to digital transformation in Korea but also demonstrates the potential of social media data in analyzing the societal impact of technological advancements, offering valuable resources for future research in effectively navigating the era of digital change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying environmental policy (EnP) and environmental innovation (EnI) is a crucial domain for addressing global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. It equips the corporates with the knowledge and tools to develop effective strategies, regulations, and technological advancements that can mitigate environmental impact and promote sustainable practices for the benefit of current and future generations. This study attempts to uncover the influence of both EnP and EnI toward sustainable development (SD) within three dimensions, that is, social aspect, economic aspect, and environmental aspect from Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs). A total of 723 documents were considered for data analysis using the SEM method and SmartPLS tool. The outcomes of the study are found interesting and fruitful where firstly a positive connection between EnP and SD was affirmed within Chinese MNEs. Second, the study found a positive nexus between EnI and SD, respectively. The findings highlight the insights by demonstrating EnP and EnI can help attain ultimate output and can strengthen SD of the Chinese MNEs. Additionally, this study offers several thought‐provoking and useful managerial recommendations as well as implications for both theoretical and managerial issues. Moreover, some possible opportunities are reported for future researchers by assuming the current flaws to carry out more research both within the Chinese market and rest of the regions, worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handcraft skills provide premodern cultures with an experiential channel to encounter nature both in humans and in their environment. This essay sketches a dialectical overview – the roots of which can be traced via Hegel back to Heraclitus – of how handcrafts are entangled with other meaning-generating semiotic activities and participate in enriching the experiential content of verbal discourses as well. By eroding the handcraft culture, technical and social progress – realized in practice by the industrial revolution and ideologically supported by the movement of Enlightenment – has injured the experiential content of our language and thus impaired our natura experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional expertise is a legitimate cornerstone of modern global culture. The unfolding of the polycrisis, however, arguably destabilizes expertise as a privileged and uniform position of knowledge production. Even sustainability expertise, while considered part of the solution, is arguably part of the problem, due to its structural links to environmentally detrimental technological practices. Hence technology relations in expertise are explored by autoethnography. Expert attitudes towards technology are traditionally demarcated between optimistic technocrats and critical humanists, but a third category is suggested, which embodies determined technology criticism, anti-colonialism and post-professional ethos. This peripheral expert position, labelled spurner, may seem dubious and dark from the point of view of paradigmatic expertise. But since the polycrisis calls for plural and inclusive modes of expertise, peripheral knowledge and skills should be seen as one end in the spectrum of possible sustainable expertise. True plurality means that hardly any final unification or mutual consensus in sustainability expertise seems plausible or even desirable. However, due to the polycrisis, many experts may have to reconsider what role their professions and technological progress in general play in the unfolding events. Recognizing peripheral "grey zone" expertise may foster such self-reflection in individual experts and in expert cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ViPTM (Visionox intelligent Pixelization) Technology is a novel RGB self‐aligned pixelization approach without Fine Metal Mask for OLED patterning. Since being released in May 2023, numerous breakthrough technical progress has been achieved. In this presentation, the recent results on panel performance and other advantages of ViPTM Technology will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the burgeoning expansion of digital technologies, electronic displays are becoming increasingly prevalent in our daily lives. These displays are not limited to stationary ones like traditional TVs but have also found their way into mobile devices such as smartphones and wristwatches. To facilitate this significant shift, it is evident that substantial engineering efforts are necessary. However, equally crucial is the establishment of proper methods for measurement and evaluation. Without the development of such evaluation methods, technological progress would be hindered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable rural development forms a robust foundation for economic and social sustainability. Moreover, the digital economy acts as a catalyst for advancing rural sustainable development by altering the distribution of production factors. Thus, this study concentrates on 30 provinces in China, constructing an evaluation index system for both the digital economy and rural sustainable development. The study employs various methods and models to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors affecting the coupling and coordination between these two aspects. The research findings are as follows: the coupling and coordination levels among provinces in China have been on the rise year by year. By 2022, the coupling and coordination levels of most provinces range between 0.5 and 0.6. Regional disparities are the primary determinant of the poor overall coupling and coordination level in China. In 2022, the coupling and coordination level in the eastern region is 0.6663, compared to 0.5420 in the central region and 0.5087 in the western region. Factors such as urbanization, industrial structure transformation, technological innovation, higher education, economic development, and government support significantly influence the coupling and coordination level. Nevertheless, their effects vary across regions, with a more pronounced impact in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. Therefore, this paper proposes policy recommendations, including infrastructure optimization, rural digitization promotion, regional resource allocation enhancement, cross-regional development mechanism exploration, and differentiated development strategy implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has increased in the last decade, using these technologies for many different topics, such as infrastructure inspection or biodiversity monitoring. The main advantages of these systems are its reduced cost and its ability to navigate on hard-accessible areas, what makes it possible to acquire aerial data with a reduced cost. The new technological developments and the progress in the definition of the regulations applicable to these vehicles have allowed the first BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line of Sight) operations to begin to be carried out at a professional level, which has meant a great advance for the UAV sector. In this field, Telespazio Ibérica SLU is leading a project called GEOSUB, which objective is the development of a UAV integral solution for biodiversity monitoring. The project has two main parts. The first one is the evolution and improvement of a fixed-wing and multicopter UAV, equipped with four different sensors: RGB camera, multispectral camera, thermographic camera, and a LiDAR sensor. The second part focused on the development of a geoinformation processing platform for both the mission planification and monitoring, and the data processing to obtain the final product. This work presents the preliminary results of the project and goes in depth with the developments made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technological innovation and ecological progress are important forces for China's high-quality development. Nevertheless, the current body of research seldom explores the mutual dependence and evolutionary patterns of the two regional systems when considering both historical and future perspectives. This paper aims to enhance the current theoretical research framework by focusing on the coastal region of China. It analyzes and predicts the co-evolution and space–time distribution process of two systems by constructing a coupled model and a gray prediction model. The results show the following: (1) the coupling and coordinated development level of the two coastal systems has basically reached the stage of good coupling and coordinated development, and the level has increased, but the gap has gradually increased, and Jiangsu and Guangdong have reached the leading level; (2) the spatial distribution in coastal areas is uneven, showing a convex spatial pattern of "high in the middle and low at both ends"; (3) during the forecast period, the overall coupling and coordination level of the two systems will continue to improve, but individual cities still cannot jump out of the development state of slow development processes. With the aim of fostering the harmonious growth of both systems at both regional and national levels, this paper proposes practical recommendations concerning the establishment of a sustainable interaction mechanism, the evolution of the industrial structure towards ecological sustainability, and the economic contribution to scientific and technological innovation. Furthermore, this article serves as a valuable reference for advancing the sustainable development of other nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the collaborative operation of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has been an important advancement in drone technology. The research on multi-UAV collaborative flight path planning has garnered widespread attention in the drone field, demonstrating unique advantages in complex task execution, large-scale monitoring, and disaster response. As one of the core technologies of multi-UAV collaborative operations, the research and technological progress in trajectory planning algorithms directly impact the efficiency and safety of UAV collaborative operations. This paper first reviews the application and research progress of path-planning algorithms based on centralized and distributed control, as well as heuristic algorithms in multi-UAV collaborative trajectory planning. It then summarizes the main technical challenges in multi-UAV path planning and proposes countermeasures for multi-UAV collaborative planning in government, business, and academia. Finally, it looks to future research directions, providing ideas for subsequent studies in multi-UAV collaborative trajectory planning technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents total factor productivity (TFP) growth analysis with a panel Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) for 26 Türkiye regions from 2004 to 2020. The study is a pioneer in the literature on decomposing TFP growth components at the regional level with the translog production function for the Turkish economy. This work has a fresh approach regarding adjusting the schooling of employment and involving macroeconomic factors in the inefficiency function. The numerous specification tests show considerable production inefficiencies. Therefore, the production frontier is estimated using the True Fixed Effects (TFE) model. The empirical findings reveal that human capital is the primary driver of output growth. Technical efficiency is estimated to be 90.6% on average, with 9.4% of potential output lost due to technical inefficiency. It has been determined that there has been technical progress in labor-saving. Trade has a negative effect on technical efficiency. These findings contribute to understanding TFP change in the Turkish economy with regional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonication is an innovative green technology with various applications in the food industry. Notably, patent analysis from a technological perspective is essential for monitoring market trends and identifying the technological stage through life cycle modeling. Thus, this study aimed to conduct an investigation using patent documents on the application of ultrasound in the food sector. The Espacenet® database was used with the keywords "Food Processing," "Ultrasound," and "Ultrasonication," along with the code A23. A total of 140 documents were evaluated, with China being the main applicant country. Fruits and vegetables and bioactive compounds were the key technological sectors. Food preservation and extraction processes emerged as the primary applications. The involvement of ultrasound technology in the food industry is entering the maturity stage, as demonstrated by the function adjusted to the BiDoseResp model. This result implies further technological and market development in the food industry in the coming years. Practical applications: This review addressed the evolution and the current scenario of ultrasound applications in food processing through patent documents deposited between 1979 and 2022, which are rich technological information sources. This approach identified the main technological sectors of food and applications in which ultrasound is most used, as well as the main institutions, inventors, and patent‐filing countries. The major challenges, impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic, and market trends were also discussed. Through mathematical modeling of patent mapping, it was detected that ultrasonication is integrated into the food sector while maintaining a highly competitive impact. This development indicates a future with significant advancements in the development of ultrasound in the food industry, with increasing participation of emerging countries in technological monopolies and a trend of associating ultrasound with non‐thermal emerging technologies in patented inventions. Food waste, food printing, and food for people with swallowing difficulties are potential areas for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas prototypical conceptions of translation and interpreting as two separate and distinct entities are still being upheld in different contexts, the professional reality shows a less clear-cut picture. Given the relentless advancement of technological innovation and the important role played by (media) accessibility in society, translation, interpreting and accessibility are in a state of flux, with increasingly blurring boundaries between them. Interpreting is not only concerned with spoken and signed modalities, but also with written target texts, which links it to audio–visual translation. In turn, audio–visual translation is no longer only about dubbing and subtitling films from one language to another. It now covers the provision of intra- and interlingual translation for live programmes and live events for users who have no access to the original version (be it for linguistic, sensory-related or other reasons). Speech-to-text interpreting (STTI), also referred to as live subtitling, is a communication-enabling service that allows the production of written access to live events or programmes for people with and without hearing loss. It thus brings together translation, interpreting and accessibility. The aim of this paper is to introduce STTI for readers who may not be familiar with it and to delve into interlingual live subtitling (ILS), and more specifically to explore the research carried out to date about this new technique, its professional development and the way in which it is being trained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial sector is vital to economic progress, yet industrial pollution poses environmental and economic concerns. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of green industrial transformation in reducing Pakistan's carbon intensity between 1975 and 2020. Carbon emissions are considered an endogenous construct, while foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, technological innovation, green industrial transformation, environmental legislation, and research and development (R&D) investment are possible mediators. The association between variables is assessed using the robust least-squares approach. Green industrial transformation is connected with lower carbon emissions, yet technical innovation, R&D investment, and inbound FDI raise a country's carbon emissions. The findings support the pollution haven hypothesis in a country. The causality estimates indicate that inward FDI contributes to environmental regulations; green industrial transformation directly relates to inbound FDI and R&D expenditures; and technological innovations correspond to inbound FDI, R&D expenditures, industrial ecofriendly progression, and environmental standards. According to the impulse response function, environmental policies are anticipated to have a differential effect on carbon emissions in 2023, 2024, 2028-2030, while they are likely to decrease in the years 2025-2027 and 2031 forward. Additionally, inward FDI and technology advancements would almost certainly result in a rise in carbon emissions over time. Green industrial transitions are projected to result in a ten-year reduction in carbon emissions. The variance decomposition analysis indicates that eco-friendly industrial adaptations would likely have the largest variance error shock on carbon emissions (11.747%), followed by inbound FDI, technological advancements, and regulatory changes, with R&D spending having a minimal impact over time. Pakistan's economy should foster a green industrial revolution to avoid pollution and increase environmental sustainability to meet its environmental goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of technological progress on individual political engagement using longitudinal data from the British survey. The analysis suggests that regional technological progress, measured as the gross value added per worker, the number of patents per capita, and the share of employed in R&D, reduces individual identification with a particular political party, individual interest in politics, and participation in elections. The individual assertion that vote is a social norm, the self-assessed cost of political participation, and the awareness of voter irrelevance are not found to be mediating the impact of technological progress on political disengagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In an era of dramatic technological progress, the consequent economic transformations, and an increasing need for an adaptable workforce, the importance of education has risen to the forefront of the social discourse. The concurrent increase in the awareness of issues pertaining to social justice and the debate over what this justice entails and how it ought to be effected, feed into the education policy more than ever before. From the nexus of the aforementioned considerations, concern about the so-called education gap has emerged, with worldwide efforts to close it. Methods: I analyze the premises behind such efforts and demonstrate that they are founded upon fundamentally flawed ideas. Results: I show that in a society in which education is delivered equitably, education gaps emerge naturally as a consequence of differentiation due to talents, the tendency for matched mate selection, and the heritability of intellectual traits. Conclusion: I issue a call for a redirection of efforts away from the ill-founded idea of closing the education gap to the understanding of the magnitude of its unfair contributions, as well as to those social aspects that can modulate it in accordance with what a society deems fair according to its values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance of technological improvement for economic growth, policies are designed to enhance technological progress. A very common policy approach is to provide incentives to R&D (research and development) activities to improve the possibility of favorable outcomes. This study investigates the impact of R&D incentives on R&D outcomes measured in terms of patent applications and patent grants. The analysis focuses on the data for four sectors from 15 high-income countries covering the 2007 to 2019 period. A U-shaped pattern is observed to dominate the relationship between R&D incentives and R&D outcomes. For incentives to have positive impacts on R&D outcomes, they must be of a considerable portion of the national income. The study also covers the knowledge stocks and the implied spill-overs across sectors. The analysis does not reveal a single sector that generates innovative spill-overs to all the other sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions about green growth transition in Africa have mostly been silent on quantifying Africa's progress and assessing countries' "green" versus "brown" growth performance. We construct a measure of Africa's green growth performance using an emissions-adjusted production technology framework that jointly accounts for the production of desirable and undesirable outputs over the period 2000–2019, and identify the important country-level characteristics that drive green productivity growth. The Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index is consistent with concerns of climate change as it penalize countries for the production of "bad" outputs and credit countries for the reduction in emissions and production of "good" outputs, which is the desirable direction of economic development. Our main results indicate that Africa's productivity growth is overstated when undesirable outputs are ignored in the measurement of Africa's growth performance. Second, it is technological progress, and not efficiency change—i.e., the catch-up effect—that has been the primary source of Africa's green economy transition, implying a reduction in the gap to the technological frontier for most countries. Our analysis of the determinants of green growth shows that high-income level, trade-embodied R&D, and domestic R&D are the main enablers of green growth, while high energy intensity is the main barrier to green productivity growth. We also find evidence of nonlinearities between income level and green growth performance, consistent with the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency is one of the most effective ways to address environmental constraints and achieve high-quality economic development. The existing literature suggests that technological progress has an important impact on energy efficiency, but ignores the role of different paths of technological progress. Herein, the impact of different technological progress paths on energy efficiency was analyzed using the dynamic panel data model and the threshold model based on the energy efficiency measurement using the Meta-frontier and Nonradial Directional Distance Function model. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) During the study sample period, a fluctuating upward trend was observed in China's energy efficiency, and there were significant differences in energy efficiency in different regions of China. (2) The energy efficiency in China could be significantly improved by domestic innovation and regional technology diffusion. Even though the imported technologies do not play a significant role in promoting energy efficiency and have no positive effect on the improvement of energy efficiency from the perspective of domestic technology absorption or foreign technology absorption. (3) The eastern and central regions of China improve their energy efficiency through domestic innovation. However, none of the technological progress paths in the western and low-energy-efficiency regions have played a positive role in promoting energy efficiency. (4) The effect of promoting domestic innovation and regional technology diffusion on energy efficiency is gradually increasing with human capital improvement, and the restriction of foreign technology import on energy efficiency has obviously decreased. In a nutshell, different paths of technological progress have differential effects on energy efficiency improvements. Based on the above results, this paper makes some targeted policy recommendations on the choice of technological progress paths to improve energy efficiency in different regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z, alternatively referred to as the digital native generation, is distinguished by its profound immersion in technological progress. This study elucidates the determinants of generation Z's technological improvement in mobile investing application usage (MIA). As the instrument for factors analysis, the modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology-2 (UTAUT-2) technique was implemented. The presented hypotheses were validated through the application of structural equation modeling (SEM) to the data acquired from 280 respondents via online questionnaires. The research revealed that trust, habit, performance expectation, and perceived risk had a substantial impact on the behavioral intention of Generation Z to utilize MIA. Furthermore, actual usage behavior is notably influenced by habit and behavioral intention, whereas gender acts as a substantial moderator in relation to performance expectancy and price value variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uniaxial stress has proven to be a powerful experimental tuning parameter for effectively controlling lattice, charge, orbital, and spin degrees of freedom in quantum materials. In addition, its ability to manipulate the symmetry of materials has garnered significant attention. Recent technical progress to combine uniaxial stress cells with quantum oscillation and angle-resolved photoemission techniques allowed to study the electronic structure as function of uniaxial stress. This review provides an overview on experimental advancements in methods and examines studies on diverse quantum materials, encompassing the semimetal WTe2, the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4, Fe-based superconductors, and topological materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superficial or cosmetic measures are unlikely to solve the complex challenges of carbon haze governance. Carbon-biased technological progress plays a significant role in low-carbon technology and economic sustainable development. This study introduces carbon resources as a production factor in the transcendental logarithmic function to calculate the biased technological progress index of 30 provinces in China between 2010 and 2020. Subsequently, this study constructs the spatial Durbin model to empirically investigate the spatial spillover effect of carbon-biased technology progress on carbon haze coordinated governance. The findings reveal that China's technological progress is primarily characterized by carbon bias, particularly in terms of labor-using carbon-saving technological progress and capital-using carbon-saving technological progress. Additionally, both levels of carbon haze coordinated governance and carbon-biased technological progress have significant spatial agglomeration characteristics. Moreover, the carbon-biased technological progress can facilitate synergy degree of carbon haze governance through energy-saving effects but can also hinder the carbon haze coordinated governance through rebound effects. Therefore, it is imperative to improve labor productivity, augment green capital investment, and stimulate the induction of technological progress towards carbon saving to achieve sustainable and high-quality economic development. The primary contribution is identifying the uncertainty surrounding the impact of carbon-biased technological progress on coordinated governance of carbon haze, while also providing theoretical explanations for the influence channels of carbon-biased technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the impact of biased technological progress on carbon emissions and haze reduction. It highlights the disparities between developed and developing countries in terms of technological development and environmental impact. Developed countries focus on improving energy efficiency and developing clean energy technologies, while many developing countries still rely on traditional energy sources. The article emphasizes the need for coordinated governance of technological progress, carbon emissions, and air pollution on a global scale. It presents several studies that explore the relationship between technological progress and environmental governance, providing valuable insights for policymakers and researchers. [Extracted from the article]

Strengthening the synergistic management of carbon and haze is an important means to realize China's "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals" and green development. In this paper, the entropy method is used to measure the key core technology innovation level of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, and the fixed-effect model is used to empirically test the impact of key core technology innovation on carbon haze synergistic governance and the internal mechanism. The study found that (1) key core technological innovation helps to promote carbon haze synergistic governance. (2) The mechanism test shows that key core technology innovation promotes the synergistic management of carbon haze by improving the clean energy structure. (3) The moderating effect shows that both market incentives and government environmental regulations will strengthen the positive relationship between key core technology innovation and carbon haze synergistic governance. The main contribution of this paper is to reveal the influence mechanism of key core technology innovation on carbon haze synergistic governance, and also to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism and law of carbon haze synergistic governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological progress in favor of cleaner production is the key to achieving low-carbon development in China. The Ambient Air Quality Standard (AAQS) issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) in 2012 was an essential policy for the central government to implement vertical environmental regulation. Therefore, based on the city-level panel data, this paper examines the impact of the central vertical regulation on urban environment-biased technological progress using the difference-in-differences method. The results show that central vertical regulation can significantly promote urban environment-friendly technological progress. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the driving effect of the central vertical regulation on urban environment-friendly technological progress is more obvious in the eastern regions, non-resource-based cities, large cities, and high-grade cities. Moreover, the channel analysis shows that the central vertical regulation mainly boosts the urban environmental technology progress toward cleaner production by strengthening government environmental governance, raising public environmental concern, and improving energy structure. The findings provide policy implications for evaluating the effectiveness of macro-environmental policy and promoting green sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective resolution of environmental pollution caused by carbon haze through coordinated progress in green technology and urban ecological resilience is a crucial approach towards promoting sustainable development in Chinese cities. In this study, panel data from 281 cities in China from 2007 to 2019 were analyzed using the entropy method and the coupling coordination degree model to determine the coupling coordination degree between green technology progress and urban ecological resilience. The coordinated influence model and threshold model were applied to investigate coupled coordination types and influencing factors. Results indicate that green technology progress levels have shown an upward trend with increasing volatility from east to west and decreasing volatility with urban scale expansion. Ecological resilience levels have also steadily increased, albeit at a reduced rate. The coupling coordination degree of green technology progress and urban ecological resilience has evolved overall from low to high levels; however, the coupling coordination type has regressed to some extent, with most regions exhibiting lagging green technological progress. Pressure resilience has a positive impact on the coupling coordination degree, while state resilience and response resilience have a negative impact. Green technology progress has a dual threshold effect on the coupling coordination degree. By exploring the coupling and coordination mechanism between green technology progress and urban ecological resilience, this study not only facilitates collaborative management of pollutants and greenhouse gases in cities but also provides a comprehensive reference for the construction of an institutional system for collaborative carbon and haze management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural products are pivotal to the national economy, and a comprehensive analysis of brand competitiveness significantly contributes to the support of agricultural structural adjustment and modernization. Focusing on the Yangtze River Delta region of China, this study develops an evaluation index system encompassing four dimensions: core brand competitiveness, brand management, market competitiveness, and innovation in branding. Utilizing a DEMATEL-ISM model, this research elucidates the intrinsic relationships among factors that influence brand competitiveness, resulting in a four-tier hierarchical model. The analysis delineates key factors at superficial, intermediate, and profound levels that influence brand competitiveness. Notably, regional production bases, along with innovations in brand technology and systems, emerge as profound influencers. Drawing on these findings, the study recommends strategies to enhance production foundations, accurately define development trajectories, spearhead technological innovation to foster collective reform efforts, and advocate for institutional advancements to bolster healthy brand growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • It elucidates the advantages and disadvantages of three main clearing methods. • Integrating clearing with others enables single-cell analysis of intact tissues. • Tissue clearing provides perspective in therapeutics. The techniques of tissue clearing have been proposed and applied in anatomical and biomedical research since the 19th century. As we all know, the original study of the nervous system relied on serial ultrathin sections and stereoscopic techniques. The 3D visualization of the nervous system was established by software splicing and reconstruction. With the development of science and technology, microscope equipment had constantly been upgraded. Despite the great progress that has been made in this field, the workload is too complex, and it needs high technical requirements. Abundant mistakes due to manual sections were inescapable and structural integrity remained questionable. According to the classification of tissue transparency methods, we introduced the latest application of transparency methods in central and peripheral nerve research from optical imaging, molecular markers and data analysis. This review summarizes the application of transparent technology in neural pathways. We hope to provide some inspiration for the continuous optimization of tissue clearing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, polyelectrolytes (PELs) have attracted significant interest owing to a surge in research dedicated to the development of new technologies and applications at the biological level. Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules of which a substantial portion of the constituent units contains ionizable or ionic groups. These macromolecules demonstrate varied behaviors across different pH ranges, ionic strengths, and concentrations, making them fascinating subjects within the scientific community. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the progress in the application studies of polyelectrolytes and their derivatives in various fields that are vital for the advancement, conservation, and technological progress of the planet, including agriculture, environmental science, and medicine. Through this bibliographic review, we seek to highlight the significance of these materials and their extensive range of applications in modern times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid economic development leads to excessive consumption of fossil energy, resulting in a large number of carbon emissions, which makes the sustainable development of China's economy and society face great challenges. Under the background of global warming and environmental deterioration, developing low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice for China to change its development model and improve its international competitiveness. Technological progress is the first driving force to promote economic growth. However, the influence degree and mechanism of technological progress on the development of low-carbon economy are still unclear. Based on this, the paper proposes the concept of low-carbon GDP, which is used to measure the low-carbon economic development of 30 Chinese provinces. Then, the panel fixed effect model is used to study the effect degree and mechanism of technological progress on low-carbon GDP and the moderating effect of other factors on the relationship between them. The results show that, first, economically developed provinces and regions have higher per capita low-carbon GDP and low-carbon GDP index, but the speed and quality of low-carbon economic development are not necessarily higher. Second, technological progress can promote the growth of low-carbon GDP and make greater contributions to resources-poor regions. Third, improving local education can make technological progress more effective in low-carbon economic development. China needs to upgrade technological development by developing new and high-tech technologies, promoting new urbanization and strengthening education in order to promote low-carbon economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National healthcare systems face multiple challenges, including the increasing demand for care and decreasing availability of healthcare professionals. Digital health technologies represent opportunities that offer improved efficiency, accessibility, and patient care. In this scenario, Digital Therapeutics are technological advancements to treat or alleviate a disease and deliver a medical intervention with evidence-based therapeutic impacts and regulatory approval. Digital Therapeutics are a paradigm shift for physicians, who exercise caution in terms of trust and wide usage. Digital Therapeutics represents an opportunity and a challenge in healthcare system integration. The research investigates the factors explaining physicians' acceptance of Digital Therapeutics. A research model that combines organizational mechanisms derived from Institutional Theory and rational factors derived from the Technology Acceptance model was developed. The model was tested through 107 responses from a survey distributed to the members of the leading Italian scientific society in Diabetology. Literature-based hypotheses were empirically tested through Structural Equation Modelling. The analysis confirmed the influence of Perceived Ease of Use on Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Usefulness on the Intention To Use Digital Therapeutics. Rules and norms impact Perceived Usefulness when considering the influence of the scientific society. Culture and mindset towards innovation within the hospital positively affect Perceived Ease of Use. The readiness of hospital facilities enhances the extent to which physicians perceive the ease of employing Digital Therapeutics in their daily practice. Instead, esteemed colleagues' opinions and guidelines from the scientific society reveal to physicians the value of Digital Therapeutics in patients' care pathways. Institutions should prioritize cultural, normative, and regulative aspects to accelerate physicians' endorsement of Digital Therapeutics. Findings advance the theoretical knowledge around clinicians' adoption of innovative digital health technologies, unveiling the interaction between rational and institutional factors. The results highlight practical implications for healthcare institutions and Digital Therapeutics manufacturers willing to promote their adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality development is the paramount task for comprehensively building a socialist modernized country. The low-carbon city pilot policy, with cities as the unit of action, provides new opportunities for high-quality economic transformation. Based on panel data from 261 cities between 2005 and 2018, this study calculates the level of high-quality economic development in Chinese cities, constructs a multi-period difference-in-differences model, analyzes the impact of the low-carbon city pilot policy on high-quality economic development, and explores the policy's heterogeneous effects on high-quality development in different types of cities and its transmission mechanism. The research findings show that the low-carbon city pilot policy can significantly promote high-quality economic development in cities and has heterogeneous effects in terms of regional differences, city types, and city scale. The effects are relatively greater in the eastern region, non-resource-based cities, and mega-cities. The low-carbon city pilot policy promotes high-quality economic development through mechanisms such as technological progress effects, resource agglomeration effects, and government action improvement effects. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical results, this study proposes policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the low-carbon city pilot policy in promoting high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The satellite communication is the key to the development of the modern information and communication society. The rapid proliferation of the satellite communication systems over the last decade has led to an increased need for efficient and sustainable satellite teleport facilities. The paper examines innovative approaches and technologies aimed at minimizing the environmental footprint and optimizing the operational efficiency of satellite teleports. It focuses on the STN teleport. By reviewing the current research and industry developments, the paper provides an overview for satellite communications professionals to work at the intersection of the technological advancement and environmental responsibility in the satellite teleport sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive species can alter the structure and functioning of the invaded ecosystem, but predictions of the impact of invasive species on ecosystem functioning are weak. Invasion is determined by the interplay of invasive species traits, the recipient community, and the environmental context. However, efficient approaches to assess the spatial dimension of functional changes in heterogeneous environments and altered plant-plant interactions are lacking. Based on recent technological progress, we posit a way forward to i) quantify the fine-scale heterogeneity of the environmental context, ii) map the structure and function of the invaded system, iii) trace changes induced by the invader with functional tracers, and iv) integrate the different spatio-temporal information from different scales using (artificial intelligence-based) modelling approaches to better predict invasion impacts. An animated 3-D model visualisation demonstrates how maps of functional tracers reveal spatio-temporal dynamics of invader impacts. Merging fine- to coarse-scale spatially explicit information of functional changes with remotely sensed metrics will open new avenues for detecting invader impacts on ecosystem functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From powering our homes to driving our economies, energy lies at the heart of humanity's complex challenges in the modern era. This paper reviews the evolution of smart energy systems, examining their technological advancements and societal implications while proposing a future design framework emphasizing four key pillars: holistic resource optimization, adaptive intelligence, environmental harmony, and human-centered design. While they offer numerous benefits, such as enhanced energy efficiency and reduced carbon emissions, smart energy systems also face challenges. These include cybersecurity risks, the complexity of integrating diverse energy sources seamlessly, high upfront costs, and potential compatibility issues arising from evolving technologies. Overcoming these challenges will be crucial for unleashing the full potential of smart energy systems and facilitating their global adoption. Abundant opportunities for further research and development exist in this domain, awaiting exploration and advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manufacture of artificial heart valves is very challenging owing to their stringent functional requirements. The latest advances in 3D printing technologies hold great promise to revolutionise the manufacture of artificial heart valves. Recent 3D printing innovations go far beyond the fabrication of anatomical moulds, and unlock unprecedented opportunities to manufacture exquisite architectures, hierarchical bioprinting of cells, complex multi-material assembly, and the creation of biomimetic structures. This provides new avenues to enhance the functionality of artificial heart valves with respect to hydrodynamics, durability, biocompatibility, and the ability to be implanted via a minimally invasive transcatheter procedure. 3D printing technologies have the potential to revolutionize the manufacture of heart valves through the ability to create bespoke, complex constructs. In light of recent technological advances, we review the progress made towards 3D printing of heart valves, focusing on studies that have utilised these technologies beyond manufacturing patient-specific moulds. We first overview the key requirements of a heart valve to assess functionality. We then present the 3D printing technologies used to engineer heart valves. By referencing International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) Standard 5840 (Cardiovascular implants – Cardiac valve prostheses), we provide insight into the achieved functionality of these valves. Overall, 3D printing promises to have a significant positive impact on the creation of artificial heart valves and potentially unlock full complex functionality. 3D printing technologies have the potential to revolutionize the manufacture of heart valves through the ability to create bespoke, complex constructs. In light of recent technological advances, we review the progress made towards 3D printing of heart valves, focusing on studies that have utilised these technologies beyond manufacturing patient-specific moulds. We first overview the key requirements of a heart valve to assess functionality. We then present the 3D printing technologies used to engineer heart valves. By referencing International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) standard 5840 (cardiac valve prostheses), we provide insight into the achieved functionality of these valves. Overall, 3D printing promises to have a significant positive impact on the creation of artificial heart valves and potentially unlock full complex functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the impact of C. Wilfred Jenks' lectures on liability for ultra-hazardous activities and their influence on international environmental law. Topics include Jenks' arguments on no-fault liability for hazardous activities, his impact on the International Law Commission's projects on state responsibility and environmental law, and the ongoing relevance of his work in discussions about liability and environmental harm.

This study is intended to expose the connectedness of green financing and other green policies like renewable energy and technological progress towards identifying the best practice to achieve climate goal cum sustainable environmental development for China within the period 1985–2021. Amid the increased utilization of fossil fuels in China's economic activities and its position as the highest carbon emitting country in the world, China is considered a financial stable economy with access to renewable energy source such as hydroelectric power. For effective research into the objective of this study, the study builds on mechanism of the green finance—renewable—technology and emission nexus with the help of linear dynamics of ARDL bound and VECM granger causality methods. Empirical results from both approaches have given insight to the selected objectives of this study. According to ARDL dynamics: (i) the coefficients of linear (1.802) and non-linear(− 1.860) (i.e. square term) of financial development are positively and negatively connected to the carbon emissions. This confirms the presence of inverted U-shape relationship between the financial development and carbon emissions. (ii) the relationship between hydroelectric power representing renewable energy and CO2 is negative—(− 0.19) and significant at 1% level. This results depicts the reduction power of hydroelectric power on CO2, (iii) also, a negative (− 0.000982) linkage between number of patent application representing technological innovation and environmental development through carbon emissions responses is established. Also, findings from VECM granger causality approach back the findings from ARDL through a nexus between the variables of interest (finance, hydroelectric power, and technology and carbon emissions). Findings point to the ability of green financing to reduce carbon emissions if green financing policies are utilized effectively in regulating carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the toxicological impact on healthy cells and to improve the therapeutic response, many drug delivery systems have been fabricated and analysed, involving the use of different natural and synthetic materials at macro-, micro- and nanoscales. Among the natural materials which have demonstrated a huge potential for the development of effective drug delivery systems, silk fibroin has emerged for its excellent biological properties and for the possibility to be processed in a wide range of forms, which can be compliant with multiple active molecules and pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment of various diseases. This review aims at presenting silk fibroin as an interesting biopolymer for applications in drug delivery systems, exploring the results obtained in recent works in terms of technological progress and effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Due to e-commerce growth, technological advancements and environmental concerns, developing a more nuanced service portfolio has become a critical issue for last-mile logistics service providers. Concurrently, consumers are adopting new modes of consumption. This paper aims to investigate the potential for last-mile logistics service providers to act as intermediaries in access-based consumption and to revitalise their service offerings through product-service systems – a pioneering strategy not executed in the market yet. Design/methodology/approach: This strategic customer foresight study uses a quantitative survey of 1,000 respondents and an online focus group comprising 10 early adopter consumers to investigate emerging last-mile service models. Potential service concepts were identified through the survey, and two distinct concepts were subsequently selected for evaluation and co-development within the focus group. The research was conducted in partnership with an SME logistics company in Finland. Findings: The consumers expressed selective interest in access-based consumption related to the proposed offering of essential household goods. Young adults and consumers in early middle age living in the city centre emerged as the most potential user groups. Economic reasons and short-term needs were the primary motivations for adopting access-based consumption. Practical implications: The study showed that engaging consumers in a customer foresight process is viable for SMEs innovating their offerings and demonstrates how the process works in practice. Originality/value: Documented cases of customer integration into foresight processes are rare in earlier research, and this paper extends the knowledge base through a multidisciplinary examination of future consumer behaviour in the last-mile logistics domain. The paper also expands the limited literature on the role of logistics in access-based consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The advancements in battery technologies, while trailing behind technological progress, face challenges meeting the soaring energy demands of quadrotors, resulting in flight durations that are far from satisfactory. Hence, this study aims to empirically investigate the impact of wind on battery consumption. Design/methodology/approach: Flight tests were conducted using the Pixhawk 4 along identical flight paths and durations. In these flight tests, the quadrotor was exposed to different wind speeds. Findings: The amount of energy consumed in the flight tests was examined. It has been observed that wind poses a serious threat to battery consumption and thus flight safety. Practical implications: It is predicted that the data obtained from these studies will be useful in the battery and route selection of quadrotors used in many areas in the future. Originality/value: This experimental investigation involved conducting numerous flight trials at diverse wind speeds under genuine atmospheric conditions. The energy consumption data acquired holds significance as it directly mirrors real-world scenarios encountered in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to identify research trends and technological evolution in the polymer three-dimensional (3D) printing process that can effectively identify the direction of technological advancement and progress of acceptance in both society and key manufacturing industries. Design/methodology/approach: The Scopus database was used to collect data on polymer 3D printing papers. This study uses bibliometric approach along with network analytic techniques to identify and discuss the most important countries and their scientific collaboration, compares income groups and analyses keyword trends. Findings: It was found that top research production results from heavy investments in research and development. The USA has the highest number of papers among the high-income countries. However, scientific production in the other two income groups is strongly dominated by China and India. Keyword analysis shows that countries with lower incomes in certain areas, such as composite and bioprinting, have fallen behind other groups over time. International collaborations were suggested as mechanisms for those countries to catch up with the current research trends. The evolution of the research field, which started with a focus on 3D printing processes and shifted to printed part designs and their applications, was discussed. The advancement of the research topic suggests that translational research on polymer 3D printing has been led mainly by research production from higher-income countries and countries with large research and development investments. Originality/value: Previous studies have conducted performance analysis, science mapping and network analysis in the field of 3D printing, but none have focused on global research trends classified by country income. This study has conducted a bibliometric analysis and compared the outputs according to various income levels according to the World Bank classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the logistics industry's green total factor productivity (LGTFP) is a key source of power to achieve its high-quality development (HQD) in China. Technological innovation (TI) and environmental regulation (ER) policies are vital factors that affect the improvement of LGTFP. Although the impact of ERs or TI on LGTFP has been extensively researched, few studies have examined their combined effect. This study utilizes panel data from 30 Chinese provinces during 2006-2020 to estimate LGTFP using the Epsilon-based measure and global Malmquist-Luenberger index. Moreover, this study employs a dynamic spatial Durbin model to explore the influence of TI on LGTFP and its spatial spillovers, as well as the modulatory effect of ER in the relations between TI and LGTFP. The results show that (1) China's LGTFP displays positive spatial spillovers and is influenced by the preceding period's level. (2) In the short term, an improvement in TI levels had a positive effect on local LGTFP, but negative spillovers on neighboring districts. Nevertheless, in the long run, an improvement in TI levels had a notably negative influence on local LGTFP but positive spillovers on adjacent regions. (3) ER had an "inverted U-shaped" modulatory roles with spatial spillovers on the relations between TI and LGTFP in the long-term. These discoveries offer valuable insights into the coordinated development of TI systems and ER policies, enabling the formation of a policy system that aligns with the logistics industry's HQD in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the advancements and future prospects of biosensors, which are devices used for monitoring healthcare, environmental safety, and food quality. It discusses the history and evolution of biosensors, emphasizing the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly options. The article also mentions the potential of additive manufacturing techniques and the integration of biosensors with IoT technology and machine learning. It provides valuable insights into the current state and future directions of biosensor technology. Additionally, the document includes references to scientific articles and books on related topics, such as achieving net-zero emissions in global food systems and wearable sensors for personalized predictions of clinical laboratory measurements. [Extracted from the article]

Amidst an unprecedented period of technological progress, incorporating digital platforms into diverse domains of existence has become indispensable, fundamentally altering the operational processes of governments, businesses, and individuals. Nevertheless, the swift process of digitization has concurrently led to the emergence of cybercrime, which takes advantage of weaknesses in interconnected systems. The growing dependence of society on digital communication, commerce, and information sharing has led to the exploitation of these platforms by malicious actors for hacking, identity theft, ransomware, and phishing attacks. With the growing dependence of organizations, businesses, and individuals on digital platforms for information exchange, commerce, and communication, malicious actors have identified the susceptibilities present in these systems and have begun to exploit them. This study examines 28 research papers focusing on intrusion detection systems (IDS), and phishing detection in particular, and how quickly responses and detections in cybersecurity may be made. We investigate various approaches and quantitative measurements to comprehend the link between reaction time and detection time and emphasize the necessity of minimizing both for improved cybersecurity. The research focuses on reducing detection and reaction times, especially for phishing attempts, to improve cybersecurity. In smart grids and automobile control networks, faster attack detection is important, and machine learning can help. It also stresses the necessity to improve protocols to address increasing cyber risks while maintaining scalability, interoperability, and resilience. Although machine-learning-based techniques have the potential for detection precision and reaction speed, obstacles still need to be addressed to attain real-time capabilities and adjust to constantly changing threats. To create effective defensive mechanisms against cyberattacks, future research topics include investigating innovative methodologies, integrating real-time threat intelligence, and encouraging collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The governance of AI, and now generative AI, is becoming a significant issue of concern for intellectual property law and legal regulators across the world. This article addresses this from the perspective of how the law responds when it is perceived as an obstacle to technological development and progress. It demonstrates, through the example of 'safe harbour', the ease with which the legal rights of copyright holders were compromised for technological progress, the problems and public backlash this led to, and how this can be seen to be reflected in a more cautious approach being taken now by some legislators against further weakening the rights of copyright holders in the name of generative AI technology. As a case study of copyright law's reaction to challenges posed by the internet and AI technology, it re-affirms the law's role as a fundamental safeguard of basic rights and the often necessary requirement for it to provide creative and proactive ways to ensure society can enjoy the benefits of technological progress while protecting our normative and practical liberties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid technological advancements have created opportunities for new solutions in various industries, including healthcare. One exciting new direction in this field of innovation is the combination of skin-based technologies and augmented reality (AR). These dermatological devices allow for the continuous and non-invasive measurement of vital signs and biomarkers, enabling the real-time diagnosis of anomalies, which have applications in telemedicine, oncology, dermatology, and early diagnostics. Despite its many potential benefits, there is a substantial information vacuum regarding using flexible photonics in conjunction with augmented reality for medical purposes. This review explores the current state of dermal augmented reality and flexible optics in skin-conforming sensing platforms by examining the obstacles faced thus far, including technical hurdles, demanding clinical validation standards, and problems with user acceptance. Our main areas of interest are skills, chiroptical properties, and health platform applications, such as optogenetic pixels, spectroscopic imagers, and optical biosensors. My skin-enhanced spherical dichroism and powerful spherically polarized light enable thorough physical inspection with these augmented reality devices: diabetic tracking, skin cancer diagnosis, and cardiovascular illness: preventative medicine, namely blood pressure screening. We demonstrate how to accomplish early prevention using case studies and emergency detection. Finally, it addresses real-world obstacles that hinder fully realizing these materials' extraordinary potential in advancing proactive and preventative personalized medicine, including technical constraints, clinical validation gaps, and barriers to widespread adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic elements of efficiency in the science, technology and innovation sector are traditionally embedded in the capabilities of institutions, to educate the scientific and technological workforce, technical knowledge and skills, approving research and development outcomes in order to develop new products and production processes. Research and development has become one of the qualitative production elements affecting the shift towards the dynamics of the knowledge economy environment, as a source of enhancing competitive advantage structures and thus economic growth. There was a relationship between spending on the research and development sector and economic growth in the long term. The research aims to analyze the implications of the economics of research and development and its impact on developing the knowledge economy environment. The research involves studying the impact of research and development activities on developing the knowledge economy environment, with spatial boundaries represented by selected Arab countries, including Iraq, and temporal boundaries represented by the period 2010-2021. The research problem is reflected in the decline in spending on research and development activities as a percentage of GDP, which leads to an exacerbation of the size of the technology gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper constructs a unified model on how population growth, technological progress and capital deepening induce structural transformation. We solve analytically the closed-form solution for the model to unearth the mechanisms and crucial assumptions underlying how these factors interact and foster structural transformation. When agricultural productivity growth is fast enough to outweigh the relative price effects contributed by non-agricultural productivity growth, population growth and capital deepening, production factors will move out of agriculture. We clarify the condition to sustain growth in asymptotic growth path. We found empirical validity of the model with sectoral data from the United States in 1970-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]