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The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is a unique network of lidar systems that measure atmospheric profiles of ozone and aerosols, to contribute to air-quality studies, atmospheric modeling, and satellite validation efforts. The accurate characterization of these lidars is of critical interest, and is necessary to determine cross-instrument calibration uniformity. From July to August 2014, three lidars, the TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) lidar, the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, and the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), of TOLNet participated in the “Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality” (DISCOVER-AQ) mission and the “Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment” (FRAPPÉ) to measure sub-hourly ozone variations from near the surface to the top of the troposphere. Although large differences occur at few individual altitudes in the near field and far field range, the TOLNet lidars agree with each other within ±4%. These results indicate excellent measurement accuracy for the TOLNet lidars that is suitable for use in air-quality and ozone modeling efforts.

During the NASA 2016 KORUS-AQ campaign, the ground based NASA GSFC ozone lidar and balloon borne instrumentation were deployed to the remote Taehwa Forest site (37.3 N, 127.3 E, 151 m AGL) to characterize the transport of pollution downwind of the Seoul metropolitan region. On most days from 02 May to 10 June 2016, continuous hours of lidar profiles of ozone were measured. Select days are shown to represent key ozone events that occurred at the rural site.

Five TOLNet lidars participated to a validation campaign at the JPL-Table Mountain Facility, CA in August 2016. All lidars agreed within ±10% of each other and within ±7% of the ozonesondes. Centralized data processing was used to compare the uncertainty budgets. The results highlight the TOLNet potential to address science questions ranging from boundary layer processes to long range transport. TOLNet can now be seen as a robust network for use in field campaigns and long term monitoring.

I. INTRODUCTION The fundamental goal of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (Federal Rules), as set out in Rule 1, is "to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of [...]

Heteromormyrus Steindachner, 1866, a genus of Mormyridae (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha), has been monotypic since the description of Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus (Steindacher, 1866) from a single specimen. No type locality other than "Angola" was given and almost no specimens have been subsequently identified to this species. In order to investigate the relationship of this taxon to fresh specimens collected in Angola and elsewhere, whole genome paired-end sequencing of DNA extracted from the holotype specimen of Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus was performed and a nearly complete mitogenome assembled from the sequences obtained. Comparison of cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b sequences from this mitogenome to sequences from recently collected material reveal that Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus is closely related to specimens identified as Hippopotamyrus ansorgii (Boulenger, 1905), Hippopotamyrus szaboi Kramer, van der Bank & Wink, 2004, Hippopotamyrus longilateralis Kramer & Swartz, 2010, as well as to several undescribed forms from subequatorial Africa collectively referred to in the literature as the "Hippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex" and colloquially known as "slender stonebashers." Previous molecular phylogenetic work has shown that these species are not close relatives of Hippopotamyrus castor Pappenheim, 1906, the type species of genus Hippopotamyrus Pappenheim, 1906 from Cameroon, and are thus misclassified. Hippopotamyrus ansorgii species complex taxa and another species shown to have been misclassified, Paramormyrops tavernei (Poll, 1972), are placed in genus Heteromormyrus and one genetic lineage from the Kwanza and Lucala rivers of Angola are identified as conspecific Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus. Three additional new combinations and a synonymy in Mormyridae are introduced. The morphological characteristics and geographical distribution of the genus Heteromormyrus are reviewed. The electric organ discharges (EODs) of Heteromormyrus species are to be treated in a separate study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Escalating evidence indicates that disturbed flow patterns, characterized by the presence of retrograde and oscillatory shear stress, induce a proatherogenic endothelial cell phenotype; however, the mechanisms underlying oscillatory shear profiles in peripheral conduit arteries are not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that acute elevations in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are accompanied by increases in conduit artery retrograde and oscillatory shear. Fourteen healthy men (25 [+ or -] 1 yr) performed three sympathoexcitatory maneuvers: graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) from 0 to -40 Torr, cold pressor test (CPT), and 35% maximal voluntary contraction handgrip followed by postexercise ischemia (PEI). MSNA (microneurography; peroneal nerve), arterial blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography), and brachial artery velocity and diameter (duplex Doppler ultrasound) in the contralateral arm were recorded continuously. All maneuvers elicited significant increases in MSNA total activity from baseline (P < 0.05). Retrograde shear (-3.96 [+ or -] 1.2 baseline vs. -8.15 [+ or -] 1.8 [s.sup.-1] -40 LBNP, P < 0.05) and oscillatory shear index (0.09 [+ or -] 0.02 baseline vs. 0.20 [+ or -] 0.02 arbitrary units, -40 LBNP, P < 0.05) were progressively augmented during graded LBNP. In contrast, during CPT and PEI, in which MSNA and blood pressure were concomitantly increased (P < 0.05), minimal or no changes in retrograde and oscillatory shear were noted. These data suggest that acute elevations in MSNA are associated with an increase in conduit artery retrograde and oscillatory shear, an effect that may be influenced by concurrent increases in arterial blood pressure. Future studies should examine the complex interaction between MSNA, arterial blood pressure, and other potential modulatory factors of shear rate patterns. sympathetic tone; blood pressure; blood flow; endothelium; atherosclerosis doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01133.2009.

I. Introduction In May of 2007, the Supreme Court issued its opinion in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly (1) that literally revolutionized the standard for determining the legal sufficiency of [...]

This presentation focuses on community based interventions and nurse actions and advocacy which have the potential to reduce and eliminate opioid abuse and opioid overdose steps. The United States is currently experiencing an epidemic of opioid use and opioid overdose steps. Community based interventions, which are evidence based, are among the latest strategies in the war on drugs and prevention of opioid overdose deaths. CDC prescribing guidelines and prescription drug monitoring programs have prevented some overdose deaths. These efforts are countered by increasing availibility of opioids in rural, urban, and tribal communities and also on the internet. Fentanyl and fentanyl based drugs are increasing opioid overdose based deaths. Federal, state, and local laws support community based interventions. Laws alone will not resolve the drug use epidemic without accompaniment by action and advocacy. Nurses can respond to this call for action. Nurses are the most trusted profession. This trust mandates adherence to the ethical principles of beneficence, maleficence, and autonomy. Nurses work with patients and families across the life cycle to prevent harm and respect patient choices for treatment or treatment refusals. Nurses can raise public awareness on substance use disorder and combat the insensitivity, disgust, and stigma projected on the homeless, the mentally ill, and drug abusers living in the streets. Nurses provide care to individuals and population subgroups in the community and are aware of social determinants of healthcare. The impact nurses have on decreasing overdose deaths can be measured through collaborative efforts with professional organizations, harm reduction coalitions, and government and healthcare initiatives. All nurses can answer the call for action. Pain management nurses have the expertise to evaluate community based interventions and conduct research on substance use disorder and interventions to reduce opioid overdose deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A previous genome-wide association study identified several loci with genetic variants associated with prostate cancer survival time in two cohorts from Sweden. Whether these variants have an effect in other populations or if their effect is homogenous across the course of disease is unknown. Methods: These variants were genotyped in a cohort of 1,298 patients. Samples were linked with age, PSA level, Gleason score, cancer stage at surgery, and times from surgery to biochemical recurrence to death from prostate cancer. SNPs rs2702185 and rs73055188 were tested for association with prostate cancer-specific survival time using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. SNP rs2702185 was further tested for association with time to biochemical recurrence and time from biochemical recurrence to death with a multi-state model. Results: SNP rs2702185 at SMG7 was associated with prostate cancer-specific survival time, specifically the time from biochemical recurrence to prostate cancer death (HR, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.5; P = 0.0014). Nine variants were in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs2702185; one, rs10737246, was found to be most likely to be functional based on LD patterns and overlap with open chromatin. Patterns of open chromatin and correlation with gene expression suggest that this SNP may affect expression of SMG7 in T cells. Conclusions: The SNP rs2702185 at the SMG7 locus is associated with time from biochemical recurrence to prostate cancer death, and its LD partner rs10737246 is predicted to be functional. Impact: These results suggest that future association studies of prostate cancer survival should consider various intervals over the course of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cantilever type MEMS resonators were fabricated using boron-doped (~5 x [10.sup.19] [cm.sup.-3]) and undoped polycrystalline diamond (poly-C) films that were grown at 600 [degrees]C or 780 [degrees]C. The resonator dimensions ranged from 500 [micro]m long, 10 [micro]m wide, and 0.7 [micro]m thick to 40 [micro]m long, 100 nm wide, and 0.6 [micro]m thick. Resonance frequencies and quality factors Qs were measured in vacuum, [10.sup.-5] torr, over the temperature range of 23 [degrees]C-400 [degrees]C. The measured values of the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency were in the range of--17.2--25.6 ppm * [degrees][C.sup.-1] and seemed to be related to changes in the Young's modulus with temperature. Undoped poly-C cantilevers exhibit Qs as high as 116000, the highest value reported for a cantilever resonator fabricated from a polycrystalline film. A thermally activated relaxation process seems to limit the measured Q-values for the highly doped poly-C samples. [2007-0172] Index Terms--Energy dissipation, MEMS cantilever beams, polycrystalline diamond MEMS resonator, quality factor, RFMEMS.