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Background: The objectives of this study are to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis analysis of unicentric retroperitoneal Castleman's disease (CD), and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of unicentric retroperitoneal CD. Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with unicentric retroperitoneal CD undergoing surgery from September 2007 to March 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: There were six males and eight females with a median age of 39 years old (range 15-58). Only three patients had a clinical manifestation of abdominal pain, and one patient associated with myasthenia gravis. All patients underwent surgical resection. The mean operation time was 137 min with a range of 72-472 min. The mean blood loss was 143 ml (range 50-500 ml). The CD was confirmed by histopathology. There were hyaline vascular (HV) type of CD in 13 cases, and mixed type of CD in one case. The mean hospital stay was 17.9 days with a mean postoperation hospital stay of 9.2 days. The duration of follow-up ranged from 21 to 99 months for 14 cases. All the 14 patients were alive without recurrence. Conclusions: Unicentric retroperitoneal CD is a rare disease that is often misdiagnosed due to the absence of specific clinical manifestations. The final diagnosis depends on pathologic examination. Complete surgical resection of the tumor is the best therapeutic alternative for unicentric CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved and efficient method for the synthesis of panobinostat was developed. The commercially available starting material 4-(chloromethyl)benzaldehyde was converted to (E)-methyl 3-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]acrylate via the Wittig--Horner reaction and was then directly condensed with 2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine to afford the key intermediate (E)-methyl3-[4-({[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]acrylate in a one-pot synthesis reactor. Subsequently a nucleophilic substitution reaction was carried out smoothly to generate the desired compound. The key intermediate and target compound were characterised by HRMS, ¹H NMR and 13C NMR. This procedure is operationally simple and would be more suitable for industrial production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Renal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with poor prognosis. Chronic irritation from nephrolithiasis and/or pyelonephritis is the leading cause. Case presentation: We described a 51-year-old male patient who was admitted because of left flank pain. Ultrasonography showed a renal cyst containing calculus. However, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and CT scan revealed an irregular-shaped mass derived from a calculi-containing cyst. Ultrasound guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of renal squamous cell carcinoma. The patient refused any further therapeutic management and died six months later. Conclusions: Our present case emphasizes that the careful diagnostic work-up and use of multiple imaging modalities in cases of unusual renal calculi is quite necessary, since they may carry the risk of co-existing hidden malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nutcracker syndrome is an entity resulting from left renal vein compression by the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, which leads to symptoms of hematuria or left flank pain. The alternative option of endovascular or extravascular stenting is very appealing because of the minimal invasive procedures. Stents in the renal vein can cause fibromuscular hyperplasia, proximal migration or embolization. Case presentation: A 30-year-old female was diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome for severe left flank pain. After failed conservative approach, she underwent endovascular stenting and subsequently developed recurrent symptom for stent migration one month postoperatively. She underwent successful extravascular stenting with complete symptom resolution. Conclusion: The extravascular stenting is an alternative option after migration of left renal vein endovascular stenting. The computed tomographic imaging was closely correlated to therapeutic interventions and stent migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, iatrogenic foreign-body granuloma has been increasingly reported. The asymptomatic presentation and confusing appearance of granuloma can lead to misdiagnosis of a secondary malignancy, especially for a patient with a corresponding past medical history. Sometimes, surgical treatment is unavoidable, and the diagnosis relies upon the pathologic result. Herein, we report an unusual case of a 43-year-old man who underwent a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) 5 years ago. A secondary granuloma was identified behind the inferior vena cava in the retroperitoneum 6 months after the surgery, but the radiologists had failed to identify it throughout the 4 years of routine examination. Later on, the lesion was identified by positron emission tomography, which classified it as a highly 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lesion. Considering no visible foreign-bodies identified on images, the lesion was arguably diagnosed as a lymph node metastasis of renal cancer. Finally, it was confirmed as a foreign-body granuloma encasing surgical suture and adipose tissue by the pathological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study presents the case of a patient with multiple pulmonary nodules as observed by computed tomography. Furthermore, a marginal increase in fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was identified by positron emission tomography. Due to the appearance of multiple small nodules and a history of radical nephrectomy, a hypothetical diagnosis of pulmonary metastasis of a previously excised renal carcinoma was determined, which was confirmed by biopsy. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical resection of the nodules was proposed and pathological examination exhibited an unforeseen and rare observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is important approach for kidney stones removal. A percutaneous nephrostomy drainage tube placement is an effective method to stop venous bleeding. Occasionally, the catheter can pierce into the renal parenchyma, and migrate into the renal vein even to the vena cava. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman underwent a percutaneous nephrostolithotomy for kidney staghorn stone complicating severe bleeding. A computed tomography angiography showed the percutaneous nephrostomy drainage tube inside the renal vein. The percutaneous nephrostomy drainage tube was withdrawn 3 cm back to the renal parenchyma/sinus/pelvis in stages with the surgical team on standby. Seven days later, the patient developed severe hematuria. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated the pseudoaneurysm located near the percutaneous nephrostomy drainage tube. Pseudoaneurysm is embolized successfully. Conclusion Our case shows intravenous misplacement of the nephrostomy tube and subsequent pseudoaneurysm after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy. To our knowledge, this seems to be the first documentation of major bleeding from the injury to both renal vein and artery. The percutaneous nephrostomy drainage tube can be withdrawn back to the renal parenchyma/sinus/pelvis in stages with the surgical team on standby, and the withdrawn distance may vary according to patient and catheter position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study simulated outdoor environmental living conditions and observed the growth rates and changes of several photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Car, PE, and PC) in Hypnea cervicornis J. Agardh (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) by setting up different ranges of salinity (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50) and temperature (15, 20, 25, and 30°C). At conditions of culture, the results are as follows. (1) Changes in salinity and temperature have significant effects on the growth of H. cervicornis. The growth rates first increase then decrease as the temperature increases, while growth tends to decline as salinity increases. The optimum salinity and temperature conditions for growth are 25 and 25°C, respectively. (2) Salinity and temperature have significant or extremely significant effects on photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Car, PE, and PC) in H. cervicornis. The results of this study are advantageous to ensure propagation and economic development of this species in the southern sea area of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder that is characterized by hypereosinophilia and organ damage, caused by the infiltration of eosinophils. In rare cases, the urinary bladder may also be involved. The current case report presented a 56-year-old male with gross hematuria and hypereosinophilia. The diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis associated HES was established. Oral prednisone with a slow tapering regimen was administered as the primary treatment for the patient, which achieved partial hematological remission and complete relief of cystitis during a six-month follow-up period. Although eosinophilic cystitis is not commonly the primary manifestation of HES, eosinophilic cystitis should be taken into consideration following the onset of urinary symptoms in patients with HES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]