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Describes an exercise which promotes awareness of the recent movement to eliminate gender-biased noun and pronoun usage from the language. Provides instructions on how to change sexist noun and pronoun usages into non-sexist language, and lists several ways to make writing gender neutral. (MM)

Presents a set of "neutral" language guidelines as a way of pointing out the problems of using language guidelines in the first place. (JL)

Presents strategies to help teachers keep elementary classrooms free of sex-role stereotyping. The article explains how to set the tone, observe classroom behavior, share nonsexist lessons, provide role models, modify sexist statements, connect with parents, discuss female heroes, reverse traditional roles, use nonsexist photo files, and make role reversal collages. (SM)

Studies the impact that sexist language has on 60 undergraduate students' views toward men. Groups responded to a neutral, a sexist-toward-women, or a sexist-toward-men statement. Finds subjects were sensitive to sexism in language toward women, but not toward men. (NL)

Argues that students must be attuned to the fact that language serves those who are in power and excludes those who are not. Describes an exercise demonstrating this arrangement that uses a simple "degrees of meaning" list. Notes that students realize that linguistic rules are only as strong as those who impose them. (RS)

Describes a classroom activity to demonstrate how popular music can perpetuate the stereotyping of women. Identifies materials needed, suggested songs, and questions to ask students. Suggests homework assignment dealing with contemporary songs. (DK)

Examines 11 randomly selected English handbooks to determine the currently published guidelines for avoiding sexist language. Reveals that major differences exist among these handbooks when dealing with equality in language and suggests that feminist teachers exert leadership when selecting handbooks. Ranks five handbooks from offensive to excellent. (KO)

Online misogyny is a significant societal challenge that reinforces gender inequalities and discourages women from engaging fully in digital spaces. Traditional moderation methods often fail to address the dynamic and context-dependent nature of misogynistic language, making adaptive solutions essential. This study presents a framework that integrates advanced natural-language processing techniques with strategic data augmentation to improve the detection of misogynistic content. Key contributions include emoji decoding to interpret symbolic communication, contextual expansion using Sentence-Transformer models, and LDA-based topic modeling to enhance data richness and contextual understanding. The framework incorporates machine-learning, deep-learning, and Transformer-based models to handle complex and nuanced language. Performance analysis highlights the effectiveness of the selected models, and comparative results emphasize the transformative role of data augmentation. This augmentation significantly enhanced model robustness, improved generalization, and strengthened the detection of misogynistic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The word “pussy” is commonly used as a misogynistic slur, reflecting deep-seated gender biases that permeate society, particularly within male-dominated industries like construction. This paper explores the detrimental effects of using “pussy” as an insult, emphasizing its roots in derogatory attitudes towards women and its pervasive impact on workplace culture. Quantum physics delves into the psychological and social harm caused by such language, highlighting its role in perpetuating stereotypes and reinforcing unconscious biases. Through fictional scenarios from the construction industry, the paper illustrates how casual use of “pussy” perpetuates a hostile environment for women, contributing to their marginalization and affecting their career aspirations. Strategies for combating such microaggressions are proposed, advocating for a shift in language use to foster a more respectful and equitable workplace environment to enable recruitment for more women in a field that desperately needs them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Derogatory labels increase dehumanization in bystanders; research however has yet to investigate whether the same applies to victims themselves. In three preregistered studies (N total = 1146), we predicted that women targeted with sexist slurs would dehumanize themselves. Participants imagined or recalled a situation in which a man addressed them with a generic insult, a sexist slur, or no insult. Then, we assessed self-dehumanization (primary and secondary emotions, perceptions of the self as an object or a person, and self-attributed warmth and competence) and meta-dehumanization (studies 2 and 3), namely the perception of the dehumanizing intentions of the speaker. Sexist slurs led participants to consider themselves as less human- and more object-like, and this effect was partially mediated by meta-dehumanization. Therefore, sexist slurs can affect women's self-perception by eliciting self-dehumanization, which negatively impacts women's wellbeing and life outcomes. Findings are discussed especially considering the debate around hate speech policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of language in society is significant as language is a social phenomenon that inherently captures all facets of human society. In sociolinguistics, sexism in language has long been a critical topic. This research attempts to analyse the sexism in language used in everyday discourse through comparison, induction and exemplification by examining gender bias and sexism in Oshiwambo. The goal is to expose some aspects of the Oshiwambo language that relate to social injustice and cultural biases against women. This article examines elements of sexism in the Oshiwambo language that are found in the morphology, syntax and semantics of the language. The results show that discrimination against women is pervasive, as reflected in Oshiwambo everyday discourse, highlighting the dialectic between language and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the audiovisual broadcasts of the UEFA Women's Champions League final won by FC Barcelona in 2021. The primary aim of this study is to analyze Spanish media discourses with three specific objectives: to determine the presence or absence of sexism; to identify alternative narratives that may emerge in the broadcasts; and to evaluate whether sports media normalizes these narratives or generates more subtle forms of sexism in the representation of women in football. Sports broadcasting often features sensationalist narratives that can escalate to sexist speech, configured as hate speech, inciting different degrees of aggression or violence. This condition diminishes the potential of sports as a space for coexistence. This article presents a qualitative and quantitative thematic analysis. Following Fuller (2006), Hesse-Biber (2017), and Martínez-Corcuera et al. (2022), we applied coding techniques to examine content related to the representation and participation of women in football. Conclusion reveals a minimal presence of discourses that belittle or marginalize female football players, although multiple alternative narratives that demand equality and recognition are also observed. These findings are consistent with numerous European studies that recognize women's football, although bias against female athletes compared to their male counterparts still persists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: Given the worldwide growth of women's football and its presence on social media, it is essential to explore and understand fan attitudes and culture. Research methods: This article provides the first empirical social media netnography focusing on English women's football teams (Manchester United and Burnley) and international fan views towards women professional players on TikTok. We extend this discussion by utilising a netnography in which researchers immersed themselves for seven months in women's football groups on TikTok to gather and analyse new qualitative data in this context. Results and Findings: We identify the escalation of gender-based violence on social media against women players. Four key themes emerged from the netnography: 1. Sexism: the place of women in football; 2. Misogyny and hatred of women; 3. Sexualisation of women; 4. Demand for a male-only space. Sexist comments were apparent in all of the TikTok posts containing female football players, with some also containing more aggressive misogynistic comments. Other dominant comments sought to reduce women to objects of sexual desire and belittle their professional skills, whereas others were appalled at the presence of female players on the clubs' official accounts, demanding them to be a male-only space. Implications: The study contributes to the understanding of online fan cultures on complex, video-based platforms such as TikTok. Through literature review and netnography, we identified a problem for football clubs on social media of longstanding, problematic issues of toxic fan comments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of social networks, there has been a marked increase in offensive content targeting women, ranging from overt acts of hatred to subtler, often overlooked forms of sexism. The EXIST (sEXism Identification in Social neTworks) competition, initiated in 2021, aimed to advance research in automatically identifying these forms of online sexism. However, the results revealed the multifaceted nature of sexism and emphasized the need for robust systems to detect and classify such content. In this study, we provide an extensive analysis of sexism, highlighting the characteristics and diverse manifestations of sexism across multiple languages on social networks. To achieve this objective, we conducted a detailed analysis of the EXIST dataset to evaluate its capacity to represent various types of sexism. Moreover, we analyzed the systems submitted to the EXIST competition to identify the most effective methodologies and resources for the automated detection of sexism. We employed statistical methods to discern textual patterns related to different categories of sexism, such as stereotyping, misogyny, and sexual violence. Additionally, we investigated linguistic variations in categories of sexism across different languages and platforms. Our results suggest that the EXIST dataset covers a broad spectrum of sexist expressions, from the explicit to the subtle. We observe significant differences in the portrayal of sexism across languages; English texts predominantly feature sexual connotations, whereas Spanish texts tend to reflect neosexism. Across both languages, objectification and misogyny prove to be the most challenging to detect, which is attributable to the varied vocabulary associated with these forms of sexism. Additionally, we demonstrate that models trained on platforms like Twitter can effectively identify sexist content on less-regulated platforms such as Gab. Building on these insights, we introduce a transformer-based system with data augmentation techniques that outperforms competition benchmarks. Our work contributes to the field by enhancing the understanding of online sexism and advancing the technological capabilities for its detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grammatical gender languages mark gender on every noun and agreement target such as adjectives and pronouns. While the norm for personal nouns provides that the term’s grammatical gender corresponds to its referent’s gender, in certain circumstances, a discrepancy arises between the term and its referent’s gender. Taking Italian as a case study, I identify four such circumstances: reference to non-binary people, women and non-binary professionals in traditionally male-dominated fields, generic or unknown individuals and mixed-gender groups. Among these, I distinguish between usage discrepancies, which depend on how speakers (mis)use language, and structural discrepancies, which depend on structural features of the language. The latter is the case for reference to non-binary people as Italian lacks a grammatical gender corresponding to non-binary gender identities. I focus on this case and argue that it conveys a problematic representation of gender, giving rise to a specific instance of hermeneutical injustice: structural discrepancies depend on a gap in collective interpretative resources (namely, the lack of an appropriate grammatical gender) and put non-binary people at an unfair disadvantage in making sense of their social experiences. As I show, the effects of structural discrepancies possess all the hallmarks of hermeneutical injustice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online abuse is becoming an increasingly pressing issue for democratic societies. Citizens play an important role in curtailing abuse as they often moderate online content through counter speech and by reporting abusive messages. However, we know little about when citizens actually perceive negative comments directed at politicians as being abusive, and the factors shaping these perceptions are also understudied. In this study, we therefore investigate how citizens perceive criticism, insults, threats and sexist remarks directed at politicians on social media. Based on a survey experiment with 2,000 Danish citizens, we show that citizens’ assessments of the abusiveness of such remarks are not only affected by the content of the messages, but also by political ideology, political trust and gender. Surprisingly, partisanship does not seem to substantively affect perceptions of abuse. Our study provides novel insights into what exactly citizens consider to be abusive behaviour on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this project, I develop the concept of a sexualized violence figleaf , a speech mechanism often used in sexualized violence discourse to dismiss or characterize assault as some other kind of thing: a misunderstanding, a change of heart by the victim, a mischaracterization of the perpetrator, or any other number of things which are not rape , or violence. Sexualized violence figleaves are an extension of Jennifer Saul's work on racial and gender figleaves, as the underlying mechanics of the utterance track those of Saul's figleaves. In other words, I am developing a figleaf variant, showing that this conceptual tool is useful for analysing utterances beyond racist, sexist, and conspiracist speech, upon which Saul focuses. Rather, bringing figleaves into the realm of sexualized violence discourse illuminates features of the discourse which are often obscured by the prevalence of strong social intuitions about rapists and their corresponding character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: We show illustrative examples of sexist language to describe the taxonomy and explainability analysis. In this study, we present a new approach that combines multiple Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) architectures with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework designed for sexism detection in text at a granular level. Our method relies on the analysis and identification of the most important terms contributing to sexist content using Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) values. This approach involves defining a range of Sexism Scores based on both model predictions and explainability, moving beyond binary classification to provide a deeper understanding of the sexism-detection process. Additionally, it enables us to identify specific parts of a sentence and their respective contributions to this range, which can be valuable for decision makers and future research. In conclusion, this study introduces an innovative method for enhancing the clarity of large language models (LLMs), which is particularly relevant in sensitive domains such as sexism detection. The incorporation of explainability into the model represents a significant advancement in this field. The objective of our study is to bridge the gap between advanced technology and human comprehension by providing a framework for creating AI models that are both efficient and transparent. This approach could serve as a pipeline for future studies to incorporate explainability into language models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medical students with sexual and gender diversity (SGD) often face challenges in educational performance and encounter more education-related problems, potentially due to discrimination in medical schools. This study aimed to compare academic difficulties, education-related issues, and experiences of discrimination among medical students with SGD versus those identifying as non-SGD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants included a convenient sample of medical students aged at least 18 from five Thai medical schools, all recruited during the 2021 academic year. General demographic data, academic difficulties, education-related problems, and both positive and negative aspects of medical education, encompassing physical aspects, supporting systems, and discrimination, were assessed. The descriptive data and comparison between SGD and non-SGD medical students were performed. Binary logistic regression was adopted to evaluate the association between characteristics of discrimination in each categorized type of gender diversity. Results: Among 1322 medical students, 412 (31.2%) described themselves as having SGD. There was no significant difference in academic performance between SGD and non-SGD students. However, SGD students reported higher dropout thoughts (39.8% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001) and self-perceived burnouts (84.2% vs. 74.9%, p < 0.001). The SGD group perceived lower support from medical staff and higher inadequate financial support (30.3% vs. 22.1%, p < 0.01; 11.2% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.01, respectively). 64.44% of students reported witnessing at least one form of discrimination. Lesbian students were more likely to report witnessing discrimination (OR = 3.85, [1.05–14.16]). Gay students were significantly associated with experiencing sexist remarks (OR = 6.53 [3.93–10.84]) and lower selectively prohibited educational opportunities (OR = 0.36 [0.21–0.63]). Conclusions: While academic performance did not differ between medical students with SGD and their non-SGD peers, SGD students reported more academic difficulties and perceived less support from medical staff and financial support. They also reported a higher incidence of discrimination. The need for specific interventions to address these issues should be further explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the social construction of masculinity within the Israeli society, focusing on the associations between masculine identity, prior military service, and current involvement in long-distance running. A 2-year ethnographic research design was utilized, involving two running groups, which incorporated participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and running websites. The findings shed light on the significance of military service experience and the utilization of military discourse as strategies employed by runners to navigate the challenges of long-distance running and to reinforce their masculine identity. Through an analysis of the runners' military discourse and behavior, it becomes evident that the integration of women into traditionally masculine domains of intense physical activity poses a threat to masculine dominance, eliciting various responses from men, such as intensified sports training and the use of sexist and aggressive language. These coping mechanisms contribute to the perpetuation of male dominance within the long-distance running sphere while simultaneously providing male runners with a pseudo-corrective experience associated with their personal history of non-combat military involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Enseñanza de las Ciencias is the property of Revista Electronica de Ensenanza de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The stigmatized language in Moroccan films demonstrates gender attitudes and social conventions when treating gender biases and inequalities. Moroccan cinema, in general, contributes to the reinforcement of traditional gender roles through the use of sexist language and stigmas in dialogues tied within narrative scenes. Sexism in Moroccan films and sitcoms is depicted in several ways, portraying women's inferiority and submissiveness. Such gender inequalities represent women as primarily responsible for the domestic sphere and removed from public interests. The current research aims to investigate the representations of the stigmatized linguistic discourse used against women by undertaking a study about how the stigmas strengthen social and cultural stereotypes. The research studies the linguistic derogatory terms, gender stereotypes, reification or terms that treat women as sexual objects, and dismissive attitudes and the way they are depicted within cultural norms, along with their effect on cultural perspectives. The study utilizes a mixed approach of selected Moroccan films and sitcoms through the analysis of dialogues, as well as interactions among characters. It aims at discerning the representations of sexist language and the way gender inequalities are maintained. The research data is collected from a variety set of films that treat sexism from different understandings and interpretations and the way language portrays and depicts stigmatized discourses. The data analysis stands up at pointing out various ways in which gendered stereotypes or negative, derogatory terms are used against social groups, typically women. The present research comes up to reveal that these gendered depictions aim at strengthening social biases and cultural recognitions of gender stereotypes. The results unveil salient interrelations between gender representations and the reinforcement of gender biases. The research concludes that Moroccan films and sitcoms play a significant part in structuring prerequisite linguistic stigmas. Through drawing the salient ways in which sexist language is used in films, the research points out the significance of raising awareness through media interpretations of gender discourses. The findings display that the Moroccan cinema and the way its gender discourses are represented reinforce gender portrayals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Innovations and Challenges: Women, Language and Sexism" edited by Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard is a collection of nine articles written by fifteen researchers from diverse backgrounds. The book focuses on the discursive level of sexism and explores the different ways in which sexism and linguistic violence against women are manifested. The articles analyze linguistic, visual, and other semiotic resources using various theoretical and methodological frameworks. The book covers topics such as lexical sexism, workplace interactions, ageism, gender roles in media, violence against women, and sexism in schools. It provides a comprehensive overview of the issues and offers insights for researchers and students in various disciplines. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Diversitas Journal is the property of Diversitas Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In contemporary sociolinguistics, the study of language use and gender, focusing on lexical choices, phrases, and discourse, continues to gather attentions from language researchers globally. Nevertheless, most research on language and gender habitually highlights injustice and negative connotations towards women. Understanding the issue of sexism in language and its effects is crucial in challenging societal norms, promoting gender equality and equity, and creating an inclusive linguistic space within society. Using linguistic sexism to comprehend the role and position of women in Malay society, this study utilizes Peribahasa Melayu (Malay proverbs) and Parambahan Brunei (Brunei Malay proverbs) as cultural capitals of the Malays in Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. This study employs quantitative textual analysis alongside descriptive qualitative methods to examine the justification of sexist elements in Peribahasa Melayu and Parambahan Brunei. Our analysis found that the elements of sexism in Malay expressions are manifested through three main themes: the women’s roles as mothers and companions, social interactions between women and men, and superficial characteristics and habitus of Malay women Although previous studies have emphasized the elements of sexism in the stereotypical role and portrayal of women in Malay proverbs, our study further found that linguistic markers can reveal sexism through the comparative roles and interactions between women with men. This study also discusses some important pedagogical and research implications for teachers and future researchers. This study further proposes an analytical model for understanding sexism in language that can be used to understand the correlation of language and gender elements in figurative pieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the life and music of Elizabeth Maconchy, an Anglo-Irish composer, in a biographical study by Erica Siegel. Siegel's research sheds light on Maconchy's career, relationships, and struggles as a female composer in the 20th century British music scene. The book provides detailed insights into Maconchy's compositions, influences, and challenges, offering a comprehensive view of her contributions to music. Maconchy's experiences with music publishers, the BBC, and her advocacy for fellow composers are also highlighted, showcasing her resilience and dedication to her craft. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Movement & Sport Sciences / Science & Motricité is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Confronting, or calling out people for prejudiced remarks, reduces subsequent expressions of prejudice. However, people who confront others incur social costs: Confronters are disliked, derogated, and avoided relative to others who have not confronted. These social costs hurt the confronter and reduce the likelihood of future confrontation. The present studies (N = 1,019) integrate the close relationships and prejudice reduction literatures to examine whether people who are confronted assign fewer social costs when they trust the confronter. Study 1 provided correlational evidence that people who were confronted for making a sexist remark experienced less irritation and annoyance (i.e., negative other-directed affect) if they trusted the confronter, which, in turn, reduced social costs. Manipulation of trust in Study 2 with non-Black participants provided causal evidence that trust buffers against social costs. Being confronted predictably led to more negative other-directed affect and social costs, relative to not-confronted participants; however, these effects were mitigated among participants who underwent a trust-building exercise with the confronter. Study 3 used an ecologically valid context in which non-Black participants who made a stereotypic remark were confronted by an actual friend or stranger. They assigned fewer social costs when confronted by their friend (vs. stranger), and this effect was serially mediated by trust and negative other-directed affect. Importantly, confrontation reduced subsequent stereotyping in all studies. Practically, these studies reveal that when confronters establish trust, they experience fewer social costs. Theoretically, these studies provide a new direction for confrontation research that accounts for interpersonal dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a decline in sexist language, traditional gender beliefs remain embedded in the scientific literature on reproductive biology and consequently continue to distort knowledge, encumber the learning process, and reinforce gender essentialism. This article analyzes the enduring force of gender stereotypes in Italian middle school science textbooks and a highly popular education film. It identifies a consistent set of stereotypes and assumptions running through textual and visual content regarding fertilization, reproductive anatomy, and human evolution. In addition, the article demonstrates congruence between these materials and students' understandings of fertilization through words and drawings elicited by a worksheet. Findings are examined within the context of pervasive gender stereotypes in textbooks and journal articles on reproductive biology, science and technology textbooks in general, and schoolbooks across subjects. The study shows that assigning gender traits to sex cells, reproductive systems, and ancestral humans misrepresents human biology, endorses a heteronormative vision of femininity and masculinity, and objectifies girls and women. Removing gendered representations from science textbooks is both more challenging and more urgent compared to other textbooks, given that their association with natural truth shields science textbooks from critical scrutiny as well as challenges to conventional conceptual frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment among a nationwide sample of medical sonographers. Methods: A survey was distributed anonymously to a convenience sample of medical sonographers via email contacts and sonographer‐specific social media pages. Data were analyzed to determine respondent demographics, the prevalence of sexual harassment in the last 2 years, the type and severity of harassment experienced, demographics of perpetrators, personal and institutional responses to such experiences, and the impact of sexual harassment on sonographer physical and mental health and job satisfaction. Results: Of the 220 sonographers (83% female) most (45%) were between 18 and 34 years and identified as white (81%). A total of 192 (87%) reported experiencing at least 1 incident of harassment within the last 2 years. Female respondents experienced higher harassment rates (76%) compared to males (50%, P =.02). The most common forms of harassment were verbal, including suggestive or sexist jokes (69%) and offensive sexist remarks (61%). Perpetrators were predominantly male (78%) and most commonly patients (89%) or their friends/family members (46%). The majority of respondents either ignored the harassing behavior (70%) or treated it like a joke (50%), with only a minority (12%) officially reporting incidents. Of those who reported, 44% were unsatisfied with their institution's response. Among respondents, 34% reported negative impacts of workplace sexual harassment, such as anxiety, depression, sleep loss, or adverse workplace consequences. Discussion: Workplace sexual harassment is a common occurrence for sonographers and often leads to negative health and career outcomes. Further institutional policies to prevent harassment and mitigate its effects are needed. Access the CME test here and search by article title. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online forums that allow for participatory engagement between users have been transformative for the public discussion of many important issues. However, such conversations can sometimes escalate into full-blown exchanges of hate and misinformation. Existing approaches in natural language processing (NLP), such as deep learning models for classification tasks, use as inputs only a single comment or a pair of comments depending upon whether the task concerns the inference of properties of the individual comments or the replies between pairs of comments, respectively. However, in online conversations, comments and replies may be based on external context beyond the immediately relevant information that is input to the model. Therefore, being aware of the conversations' surrounding contexts should improve the model's performance for the inference task at hand. We propose GraphNLI,1 a novel graph-based deep learning architecture that uses graph walks to incorporate the wider context of a conversation in a principled manner. Specifically, a graph walk starts from a given comment and samples "nearby" comments in the same or parallel conversation threads, which results in additional embeddings that are aggregated together with the initial comment's embedding. We then use these enriched embeddings for downstream NLP prediction tasks that are important for online conversations. We evaluate GraphNLI on two such tasks - polarity prediction and misogynistic hate speech detection - and find that our model consistently outperforms all relevant baselines for both tasks. Specifically, GraphNLI with a biased root-seeking random walk performs with a macro-F1 score of 3 and 6 percentage points better than the best-performing BERT-based baselines for the polarity prediction and hate speech detection tasks, respectively. We also perform extensive ablative experiments and hyperparameter searches to understand the efficacy of GraphNLI. This demonstrates the potential of context-aware models to capture the global context along with the local context of online conversations for these two tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest sporting milestones in women's football and the struggles of the Spanish national team's players to receive better treatment from the Spanish Football Federation have resulted in the media spotlight being placed on them. This study seeks to understand the discursive reception that has been given to the struggle of the female football players by the users of Marca.com, the largest sports forum in Spain, in terms of diffusion. The aim is to examine whether user comments constitute discourses close to the manosphere, digital spaces characterised by hosting and disseminating hate speech towards women. To this end, topics and representations are analysed in the comments that Marca users publish in response to two news items about the refusal of the players to be selected until they receive treatment in accordance with their professional status (the 'fifteen case' and the '#Seacabó case'). The results show that the national team players, football players or women in general are represented negatively in more than two thirds of the messages. Furthermore, almost half of the comments have been identified as potential discourses of the manosphere, as they draw on themes such as female infantilism, the deification of the masculinity or the discrimination against heterosexual men. The spread of digital misogyny in the most far-reaching sports forum in Spain should be of interest and concern for the field of communication from the perspective of sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The confrontation of prejudicial acts and comments promotes multiple benefits, most notably the prevention of future prejudicial remarks and the reduction of stereotype use. Research, however, consistently shows low rates of confronting prejudice, particularly regarding sexism. Here, we examine whether personal sense of power, known to increase action and activate the behavioral approach system, increases the likelihood of confronting a sexist remark. In Study 1, we demonstrate that for both women and men, self-reported power is associated with a higher frequency of confronting sexism. In Study 2, we manipulate women's sense of power (i.e., high power, low power, or control) and subsequently present an opportunity to confront a sexist remark. Results show that women primed to feel powerful were more likely to confront the sexist remark and expressed greater disagreement with the comment, compared to women primed to feel powerless. Implications for the confronting literature and behavior are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Public media are essential to offer a service of general interest to the population to have equitable access to information, culture, democratic participation and equal opportunities. However, they continue to transmit biases and gender stereotypes that can have a great social scope, also in its digital editions, where a large part of the imbalances presents in traditional media have been transferred and adapted. Methodology: This paper analyzes the representation of gender on the Twitter profile of the regional channel Canal Sur Noticias. For this, a content analysis of a total of N=754 tweets published in September and October 2022 is carried out to find out if there is an underrepresentation of women in news coverage and if gender biases and stereotypes are perceived in the sections, spheres of action, authorship, external sources and in the audiovisual content. Results: The findings reveal that women are clearly underrepresented in this social network, not only as protagonist, also as authors and external sources, and a relegation to the background, in sections and areas of lesser weight, in addition biases persist and stereotypes such as gender markings, traditional roles, or sexist language in text and images. Discussion and Conclusions: This paper show an imbalance in the representation of gender in the Twitter of the public channel, which adapts the same biases present in its traditional format, hindering the social advancement of women in the digital space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Comunicación 'Vivat Academia' is the property of Facultad de Ciencias de las Informacion de la Universidad Complutense (Espana) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The resurgence of anti-Semitism and other forms of racism and discrimination in Europe is an indicator of the growing political and social acceptance of these dangerous ideas. Muslims are also targets of extremist groups and traditional politicians, facing discriminatory practices and difficulties in obtaining employment or citizenship. Women are also victims of regressive laws and policies, with threats of violence and sexist hate speech. Additionally, human rights defenders and journalists face restrictions and retaliation in their work. Europe is caught in tensions and polarization, with growing indifference and even hostility towards human rights. The article addresses the trend of the new radical right in Europe and Latin America, as well as the far-right movements in the United States known as "Alt-Right". Erdogan's leadership in Turkey is also analyzed from a human rights perspective. The importance of human rights in the fight against inequality and poverty is highlighted, and the need to protect and promote the idea that human rights are universal and indivisible is mentioned. Furthermore, the importance of human rights education is emphasized, and politicians and media are urged to promote and defend human rights. Finally, the need for disciplinary measures against hate speech and participation in racist activities is mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

This article analyzes the gender bias present in Kenyan history textbooks and its implications for the youth. The author, a history teacher, noticed that female leaders in world politics were largely absent from the curriculum, which negatively impacted girls' aspirations to be politicians. The analysis of one widely used history textbook revealed several forms of gender bias, including linguistic bias, quantitative discrimination, gender stereotypes, exclusion and invisibility, fragmentation and tokenism, imbalance and selectivity, and unreality. The article concludes that addressing gender bias in textbooks is crucial for promoting gender equality and providing students with inspiring role models. [Extracted from the article]

This article focuses on Jewish women in the Nazi ghettos of German-occupied Latvia and Lithuania. It uses testimonies and memoirs of survivors to develop a narrative about life force atrocities at these sites, highlighting ways in which being a Jewish woman shaped the experience of the ghettos, where gendered risks were ubiquitous. Being a woman in the ghettos meant being both exploited and undervalued as a source of physical labor, targeted as a potential or actual bearer of children, and violated as an object of racist and sexist ideology and rage. Life force atrocities have physical and symbolic dimensions, targeting bodies, bonds, and norms of the community. This work considers what women's accounts tell us about the presence – or ubiquity – of life force atrocities in the Baltic ghettos. It draws on the concepts of the universe of obligation and social death to highlight key roots and consequences of these atrocities for women. In testimonies and memoirs, we encounter themes of pregnancy, forced abortion, the wrenching loss of loved ones, sexual violence, and decisions made in the desperate hope of saving oneself or another. Survivor accounts are key to revealing life force atrocities as defining features of the Nazi ghettos, and the gendered risks faced by women prisoners in Nazi-occupied Riga, Daugavpils, and Kaunas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current research is to investigate the feasibility of identifying offensive language in Lithuanian by utilising the Simplified Offensive Language Taxonomy (SOLT). The key principle behind this taxonomy is its ability to complement existing offensive language ontologies and tagset systems, with the ultimate goal of integrating it into publicly accessible Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) resources. The dataset used in the current study is a publicly available corpus of user-generated comments collected from a Lithuanian portal (Amilevičius et al. 2016). The study identified that offensive language predominantly focuses on collective derogatory language rather than individuals. The most common category of offensive language is related to physical and mental disabilities, followed by ideological offenses, xenophobic and sexist remarks, and less frequent categories like ageism, classism, homophobia, and religious discrimination. These results highlight the diverse range of offensive language online and underscore the need to combat discrimination and promote respectful discourse, particularly concerning marginalised groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the mental health of female sport match officials is scarce, despite verbal and physical abuse being commonplace. Twelve female match officials officiating male and female matches took part in semistructured interviews, investigating their experiences and understanding of their mental health. Deductive thematic analysis identified four overarching themes: male and female football environments; abuse, sexism, and homophobia in football; formal and informal support networks; and mental health knowledge and experience—accessing services. The results revealed toxic, abusive, male-dominated environments that included sexist and derogatory language, negatively affecting their mental health. The female match officials struggled to ascertain mechanisms for support and identified that the educational courses and local organizations did not provide mental health information or training, and match officials often experienced poor mental health during and after matches. Increased engagement with mental health literacy and policy change from governing bodies is required, given the unique challenges female match officials face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]