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In recent decades Chile has become a favorable destination for migration, due to multiple factors related to a better quality of life that includes personal, labor and educational aspects. It is important to consider this last aspect, since it poses new challenges for school dynamics. This article aims to analyze the situation of migrant students in schools in the Chilean educational system. For this purpose, we chose a systematic review using the Prisma statement. This was carried out with a total of 24 empirical investigations indexed in the WoS, Scopus and SciELO databases, in which elements of inclusion and exclusion present in the student body, teachers and school management teams were analyzed. The results expose the resistance of teachers to the educational reality, the normalization of discriminatory practices and the lack of intercultural sensitivity in educational communities. Nowadays, discussions revolve around the initial teacher training in intercultural competencies, strengthening educational centers in migration issues and generating spaces for dialogue to ponder upon accompaniment and valuation of migrant students and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Contribute to the search for elements that help consolidate sustainable food systems. Methodology: A systematic review based on metasynthesis was carried out; seven databases were searched, obtaining 237 results, of which 133 scientific articles were selected due to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: It was found that 9 articles address this problem by maintaining industrialized food systems, but making technical (technological) improvements or making production and supply chains more efficient. While 4 articles address it from the reduction in the distances that food travels, but focused on rural production; 5 investigations from the local; 3 from the peri-urban and 1 in the regional. The largest number of investigations (73) suggest a food system based on a type of urban production; not to mention that there are systems that can be considered hybrid (16). In addition to using some kind of link between different elements. Limitations: The systematic review is limited to the material contained in the selected databases and on the date established for the search. Conclusions: It is concluded that the characteristics of sustainable food systems vary depending on the context of the cities, which does not prevent learning between similar experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a serious and recurring mental illness. When following patients with bipolar disorder (BD) longitudinally, a diagnostic change might indicate either a progression of illness course or a prior lack of diagnostic precision. Few investigations have evaluated the impact of diagnostic stability versus its change. Material and methods: A systematic review was carried out through a bibliographic search in Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science of articles published to date. Those studies that focused on the study of the diagnostic stability of BD both in adults and in children or adolescents were selected. In addition, a review of the gray literature was carried out. Results: The initial search showed a total of 323 articles, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. We have found that bipolar disorder has higher construct validity and long-term stability than other mental disorders. the studies coincide in the stability of around 90 % or more in the diagnosis of BD in both the child and adult population. Conclusions: Bipolar Disorder in its initial phase constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Despite this, it is considered one of the most stable diagnostic categories in Mental Health. The absence of reliable and valid instruments for diagnosis is considered a limitation, which determines the course and evolution of the disease. For future research it is important to achieve the highest possible construct validity of the BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model of Person-Centred Care (PCC) has as fundamental principles the emphasis on the person within its context, individualized attention and empowerment. However, studies about this approach on mental illness (MI) are scarce. The aim of this work is to carry out a systematic review of articles studying the approach of PCC provided by professional caregivers in people with MI. After analysis of the 19 articles, the results show that PCA leads to positive outcomes for patients, such as increased patient engagement, adherence and quality of treatment, and the opportunity to better manage their disease, as well as for professionals, such as better conditions to support them and an "optimistic attitude". However, more information for users, more emphasis on the relationship between users and services, and more training of professionals are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication of diagnosis in chronic disease has been little studied in pediatric oncology. Clinical practices for disclosure are mainly carried out at the end of life, not at the onset of the disease, and there does not seem to be clarity on how to communicate to families. Objective: to understand the current communication practices of diagnosis in children and young people with oncologic disease. Method: systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 17 studies were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. Two protocols for communicating the diagnosis were identified and several recommendations were found for disclosure according to the patient's age, the right to be informed, and the importance of involving the family. Discussion: validated communication practices are required that respond to the mental health needs in pediatric oncology, considering the culture and environment of patients and their families, and other barriers to effective communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted a systematic literature review in order to describe the standards, audit models, maturity, and strategic planning principles for digital preservation. This work has a qualitative research approach, is documentary, descriptive and systematic. It uses the protocol for a systematic literature review. The results indicate a total of 309 candidate studies, 42 selected papers, and 24 primary studies. Ten standards, eight audit models and three digital preservation maturity models are presented. In addition, several studies in the field of strategic planning are analyzed, in aspects such as risks, regulations, administrative management, archival, technological, organizational, levels, strategy policy, structure for digital preservation, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has consistently demonstrated the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide. However, there is little research related to the differential relationships between the PTSD symptom clusters (avoidance, re-experiencing, hyperarousal and negative alterations in cognitions and mood) and risk and suicidal behavior. The present systematic review studies the relationship between these post-traumatic symptom clusters and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts). The review includes 20 articles from the databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Web of Science. Results indicate that hyperarousal significantly predicts suicidal ideation in 53.33% and suicide attempts in 42.85% of the studies reviewed. Reduction of hyperarousal symptoms should be considered a priority objective in the development of therapeutic interventions to reduce suicide risk in people with post-traumatic conditions or diagnosed with PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizar la eficacia, adherencia, satisfacción del paciente, seguridad, farmacodinámica y costo-efectividad del metotrexato (MTX) parenteral en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática basada en una estrategia de búsqueda en Medline, Embase y Cochrane Library (inicio-06/2019). Se identificaron estudios que incluyeran pacientes adultos con enfermedades reumáticas en tratamiento con MTX parenteral y que analizaran datos de eficacia, adherencia, satisfacción, seguridad, farmacocinética o costo-efectividad. En cuanto a los diseños se permitieron revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos o estudios observacionales, incluyendo transversales y estudios con muestras pequeñas si eran estudios de farmacocinética. De 4.160 artículos identificados, se incluyeron finalmente 80. El MTX parenteral parece útil de manera general y en especial en aquellos pacientes con respuesta insuficiente a MTX oral. La vía parenteral no parece aumentar la tasa ni la gravedad de los eventos adversos con respecto a la oral y podría reducir costes en aquellos pacientes con respuesta inadecuada a MTX oral. La adherencia y satisfacción se ven favorecidas por programas de entrenamiento en la vía parenteral. Los resultados en enfermedades reumáticas distintas a la artritis reumatoide (AR) son muy escasos y no permiten obtener datos concluyentes. El MTX por vía parenteral podría ser una alternativa al uso de MTX oral, por su perfil de eficacia, seguridad, adherencia, satisfacción y resultados fármaco-económicos, especialmente en pacientes con AR. To analyse the efficacy, adherence, patient satisfaction, safety, pharmacodynamics and cost-effectiveness of parenteral methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatic diseases. A systematic review of literature was carried out in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central from the beginning until June 2019. Studies including adult patients with rheumatic diseases being treated with parenteral MTX were identified and data on efficacy, adherence, satisfaction, safety, pharmacokinetics, and cost-effectiveness analysed. As for the designs, systematic reviews, clinical trials, or observational studies were permitted, including cross-sectional and small-sample studies if they were pharmacokinetic studies. Out of 4160 identified articles, 80 articles were finally included. The efficacy profile of parenteral MTX seems useful in general and in those patients with insufficient response to oral MTX. The parenteral route does not seem to increase the rate or severity of adverse events due to the use of MTX. The use of parenteral MTX is an appropriate way to reduce costs in patients with inadequate response to oral MTX. Adherence and satisfaction are favoured by training programmes in the use of the parenteral route. The results in rheumatic diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are very scarce and do not enable obtaining conclusive data. Parenteral MTX can be an alternative to the use of oral MTX, due to its profile of efficacy, safety, adherence and pharmacoeconomic results, especially in those patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research set out to investigate, through Systematic Literature Review (RSL) in the "CAPES Periodicals", what are the main challenges encountered in the implementation and consolidation processes of Licenciature Rural Education (LEdoC) in the country. In this survey, filters were made: at first with the descriptors; then the peer-reviewed article texts; and, being located using the ScIELO and the DOAJ directories, in order to filter data and scrutinize the object to be investigated. The results showed an increase in research on the subject and the many challenges posed to the LEdoC consolidation, such as: internal dispute in universities, difficulty in understanding the course proposal by its executors, difficulty in materializing the alternation, and also establishing a posture of resistance due to the current political moment experienced by Brazilians, which greatly affect education, and consequently, the LEdoC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the coparental relationship after parental divorce significantly affects the parents-children relationship and the child's development. The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review on the relationship between coparenting and child behavior in divorced families. The systematic review was conducted according to the methodological recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The searches were carried out in six national and international databases, using the words coparenting, divorce and child behavior, and similar terms, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Eleven articles published between 2010 and June 2020 were included. The main results of the studies showed that coparental support after divorce favors more positive outcomes in child behavior. However, the existence of coparental conflict represents a risk factor for child behavioral problems, including in families in which coparental support and communication exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Progesterone is a hormone that favors maintaining pregnancy. It is the protagonist of the physiopathology of preterm labor. In this sense, a systematic review is proposed to demonstrate the usefulness of natural micronized progesterone in mitigating the harmful effects of preterm labor. Methodology. A systematic review in which the terms "MeSH" and "No - MeSH" were used. The "Publish or Perish" program was used, as well as databases, such as: Medline, PubMed, Embase, Clinical Key, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Review and meta-analysis articles, original articles (preliminary or complete publications), congress summaries, published seminars, textbooks, regional hospital protocols and national consensuses were included, in which each author individually assessed each article and applied the CASPE tool. Results. It was not possible to find concise international guidelines on using micronized progesterone for the threat of preterm labor (PTL) in literature. According to what the authors analyzed, for the mitigation of labor it is generally recommended the use of natural micronized progesterone in 100 to 400 mg/day capsules orally or 100 to 200 mg every 12 to 24 hours through the vagina. From week 16 to week 36 of pregnancy orally and from week 24 to 34 through the vagina. Discussion. Using micronized progesterone has demonstrated mitigating complications subsequent to preterm labor. However, there is no consensus on dosage and routes of administration. Added to the above, the analyzed studies may contain biases, reason why using this medication is left to the physician's discretion. Conclusions. Natural micronized progesterone can be used to mitigate preterm labor according to the articles the authors analyzed throughout the review. However, more studies are needed to validate this hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that predetermine and condition reading practices in the digital environment are one of the hottest and most productive research objects. This article studies the factors and contexts that produce rejection of or detachment from the adoption of digital compared with printed texts in the educational environment. For this, a systematic review of the literature was carried out through a critical analysis of the most relevant works addressing this issue from 2005 to the present day. By applying the methodology proposed by Petticrew and Roberts, a sample (n = 28) synthesizing the most relevant findings published to date in relation to the object of study was selected. The results obtained enable us to identify a series of key factors that predetermine the rejection of digital reading that can be ascribed to three essential categories (esthetic, physiological and cognitive, and pragmatic) and nine subcategories (sensory, emotional, complexity of the text, comprehension and retention, physiological aspects, ergonomics, frailty and dependency, accessibility, and interoperability). The research concludes that, although convergence and progressive assimilation in the adoption of digital texts in the educational environment can be observed, there are certain factors that condition the level of acceptance of digital compared with printed reading, and they are perceived as conditioning factors that may hinder the teaching-learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes is unclear. A systematic review was developed in accordance with PRISMA. Relevant databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PsyARTICLES) were analyzed. Articles of the last decade with type 1 diabetes population between 6 and 18 years participating in psychoeducational interventions were the inclusion criteria. Twenty studies were reviewed, and improvements were found in glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes knowledge, and psychosocial variables. The results support the positive effect of these interventions. The characteristics that seem to be behind the success of these interventions are the design appropriate to the characteristics of the population, the participation of psychologist and educators, the continuity of the program over time, and the use of digital tools and interaction strategies. Further studies need to be carried out and replicated in different groups of children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The arrival of the pandemic brought with it an exponential increase in the use of social networks by young people, since it was the main means of interaction and communication. However, research in relation to the subject has been limited and, in turn, no studies are reported in relation to the systematization of the scientific literature on the subject. In this sense, the objective of this research is to analyze the impact and modes of use of social networks by young people between 2017-2021. A systematic review was carried out from four stages: planning, selection, extraction and execution. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the analysis was performed with a sample of 20 documents. The methodology was qualitative in nature through eclectic coding and recoding. The results show that the impact of the use of social networks was concentrated in risks associated with the phenomena phubbing, fitspiration and phishing. Similarly, the effect of the influencers, the diversity of content of interest, the preference in the hours of use, the type of device they use to connect, the most used social networks, the type of skills they have developed with the use, benefits, purposes and fears faced by young people within social networks. In relation to the modes of use of social networks, the following were found: positive, negative, educational, motivating, characteristic and alternative uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of human anatomy has transcended with various resources and scenarios. The objective was to compare published studies on traditional laboratory practices with new technologies for the study of the human body in medical students. A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. Four reviewers carried out a systematic and exhaustive search of the literature, based on the location and selection of 54 primary studies published in ten databases, three reviewers evaluated the methodological quality of 33 studies, with checklists for the critical evaluation of internal validity, according to type of study. The fourth blinded reviewer, calculated degree of agreement between reviewers with Kappa de Fleiss and assessed risk of bias, sensitivity, heterogeneity and combined analysis using RevMan 5.4. A qualitative systematic review and combination by statistical methods of the results were obtained with meta-analysis of seven primary studies, with a sample of 465 participants, 260 exposed to traditional laboratories and 205 to new technologies. Finding satisfaction with the process and positive results of learning, understanding and application, with initial favorability to traditional practices not significant when assessing the confidence intervals. Thus, the contrast between methods for these practices revealed outcomes related to physical-emotional reactions, focus on the academic performance construct and with the learning processes. Concluding that laboratories with new technologies for the study of anatomy do not prerogatively impact students, given their favorable experience with traditional laboratories, and can be used as a useful complementary strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because we aimed to identify trends in wildlife health literature with the potential to affect conservation outcomes, we focused on wildlife health studies in which a combination of complementary methods were used to provide a comprehensive overview on the health status of an individual and its population. Health assessment methods used in wildlife health assessment studies All included studies used at least 2 health assessment methods. Trend topics and health assessment methods used in wildlife health assessment studies Blood analysis was the most common health assessment method, followed by body composition assessment, physical examination, and fecal analysis (Figure 5). Studies conducted in Costa Rica were most represented (78 studies/M km SP 2 sp ), followed by studies conducted in Ecuador (36 studies/M km SP 2 sp ), Denmark (24 studies/M km SP 2 sp ), Slovakia (21 studies/M km SP 2 sp ), and the United Kingdom (21 studies/M km SP 2 sp ). [Extracted from the article]

Artistic communication is the way the artist uses to get his message across to the population. It is full of ideas, emotions and feelings. This study systematically analyzes the scientific production that relates the performing arts with Mindfulness. Bibliometric analysis was used to describe the production characteristics and explore the social, conceptual, and intellectual structures of 233 articles and reviews published in the WoS. Artistic communication and, specifically, the performing arts, are an instrument for the development of Mindfulness. It improves the well-being and quality of life of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current model of understanding intellectual disability refers to it as a state of functioning that will vary significantly depending on the supports that the person receives. The current pandemic has placed this group in a particularly vulnerable situation, limiting their support and negatively impacting their quality of life. Research seems to have ignored the perspectives of these people, so the general objective of this review is to analyze the publications that address the impact of the pandemic situation on people with intellectual disabilities. A search in the Web of Science and an analysis following the PRISMA method is proposed. It is concluded that COVID-19 has had significant repercussions on the physical and mental health of people with intellectual disabilities and has exacerbated the existing inequalities around these people and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, studies on the ability of music to generate emotions in humans have been systematized. The objective of this work is to examine the evidence gathered in the scientific literature on the positive effects of music education on 10-to 18-year-old adolescents' emotional development. For this, a systematic review has been carried out, analyzing 28 articles. The results of these studies suggest several beneficial effects, such as greater emotional intelligence, induction of positive emotional states, favoring some educational and training processes such as STEM and environmental education, as well as the ability to concentrate, imagination, creativity and transfer, and socioemotional benefits such as improvements in interpersonal relationships and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Self-efficacy affects adolescents' body image. Objective: To explore the relationship between self-efficacy and dissatisfaction with body image in adolescents through a systematic review of the research literature. Method: A search of databases, such as Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet, Redalyc, Ebsco, and Pubmed, was conducted. Results: even though 479 documents were identified for initial revision, only 25 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Discussion: As expected, self-efficacy acts as one mediational variable between a healthy lifestyle regarding nutrition, physical exercise, body perceptions, and satisfaction with body image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analizar la eficacia y la seguridad de los implantes de células mesenquimales estromales expandidas (MSCs, por sus siglas en inglés) en la artrosis de rodilla. Revisión sistemática de la literatura. Estrategia de búsqueda en Medline, Embase y Cochrane Library hasta febrero del 2018. Inclusión: artrosis de rodilla (II-IV Kellgren); inyección intra-articular de MSCs; ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) y ensayos clínicos cuasi-experimentales (ECC) ≥ 6 meses y N ≥ 10. De 252 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 3 ECA y 6 ECC (N = 169). El 60% de los pacientes mejoraron clínicamente y el 50% estructuralmente hasta 2 años después del implante. El beneficio máximo se alcanzó al año con dosis ≥ 40 × 106 MSCs. La intervención fue bien tolerada, igualmente segura en implantes alogénicos y autólogos. Las MSCs intra-articulares son seguras. La baja calidad de la evidencia analizada no admite conclusiones sobre la eficacia, pero prueba un fundamento para su uso en la artrosis como modificador de síntoma y de estructura que debe ser constatado en ensayos de alta calidad. To analyse the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) in knee osteoarthritis. Systematic Literature Review. A pre-defined search strategy was run in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library until February 2018. Inclusion criteria: knee osteoarthritis (grades II-IV Kellgren-Lawrence); intra-articular injection of MSCs (without surgical co-treatments); Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Quasi-experimental Clinical Trials (QCTs) N≥10 and ≥6 months of follow-up were included. Evidence was assigned according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). The search identified 252 articles. Nine proof-of-concept trials (3 RCTs, 6 QCTs) were included (N=169). Evidence showed clinical improvement in 60% of patients. Structural benefit was reported in half of patients. Clinical benefit was observed from the 3rd month and structural improvement from the 6th. All studies reported maximum clinical and structural benefit a year following the implant. This benefit was sustained for up to 24 months. Studies with doses ≥40×106 showed more consistent clinical and structural benefits than those with lower doses. No systemic adverse reactions were reported. The most common adverse effect was pain and/or inflammation in the puncture area (13-53%). The use of donor cells was as safe as autologous implants. Intra-articular implants of MSCs seem to be safe with no serious adverse effects. Low-quality evidence precludes conclusions regarding efficacy in this review. However, the clinical and structural benefits observed provide a rationale for using expanded MSCs implants in osteoarthritis patients. High-quality evidence trials are needed to further determine best protocols to maximize clinical and structural improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify and describe the main instruments for measuring student engagement in the educational context through the systematic review method. Four databases (Scopus, Dialnet, Web of Science and Psycinfo) were examined and 15 investigations were identified for the final sample. The results indicated that the stage where the academic engagement was most analyzed was secondary education (53.3%). Eleven different evaluation instruments were found for the evaluation of this construct. The most widely used instrument was the "Utrecht Work Engagement Scale" by Schaufeli y Bakker (2004), which analyzes psychological variables (100%), with cognitive factors (80%), affective factors (80%), and commitment (80%) being those that produce a greater interest. In conclusion, it would be advisable to investigate other databases to carry out new analyses of instruments that evaluate this construct. As well as developing new instruments for its evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In mental health, the use of mobile applications ( apps) in assesment and intervention is being incorporated to improve the therapeutic process and outcomes. Objective: to examine the availability of mobile applications in Spanish for the evaluation and intervention in mental health with clinical and non-clinical population. Method: A search of scientific literature published during the last five years in Scopus, PubMed and PSYCinfo. Those articles that studied the functioning of a mobile application for assesment or intervention in mental health in adult population from Spain were selected. Results: Of 193 articles identified, 11 were selected for the systematic review. Results are presented according to the population attended (general population or clinical population) and within the clinical population, according to the symptoms addressed. Conclusions: Although the use of mobile applications in Spanish in the field of mental health is still limited, there are promising results that point to the need for further field to enhance the quality and efficiency of mental health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific literature has shown relation between the perception of a high Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and poor health or disease in healthcare workers. The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of how psychosocial risks in the work environment, conceptualized from the effort-reward imbalance model, influence different dimensions of health or illness in health care professionals. Articles that were published between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed by consulting Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. 27 scientific articles were included. High ERI and over-commitment are associated with poor health or disease in different dimensions.The main limitations of this review are a possible publication bias and the impossibility of establishing causal relationships between environmental psychosocial risks and health or illness. It is necessary to address the psychosocial risks of the health care work environment and to implement improvement programs to achieve a good balance between efforts and rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: this research presents the results of a systematic literature review, following the PRISMA statement, on financial education in the context of primary education. Objective: to analyze through bibliometric and qualitative indicators in the SCOPUS database the state of financial education in the first education. Materials and Methods: with a longitudinal and descriptive design, bibliometric indicators are analyzed complemented with a qualitative analysis of elements that we want to make known, due to the coverage they provide and their scope in social sciences and humanities, the SCOPUS database was analyzed until the year 2020, following the elements established in the PRISMA statement. Results: the initial search yielded 170 articles, where 16 were left for study. Once the articles were analyzed according to the 10 evaluation criteria, it was found that financial education programs have, on average, considerable impacts on financial knowledge, like educational interventions in other domains. Conclusion: the value of the study is to enhance the construction of existing knowledge on financial education in primary education, contributing to elucidate its complexity and application that transits from the multidisciplinary to the contextualized, together with the idea of increasing reinforcement in the first years of schooling, since it generates positive effects on financial behaviors among students after participating in intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic review of the specialized literature was carried out with the meta-synthesis method to know the theoretical and empirical trends that can be found in the scientific literature about game learning analytics. The search was carried out in 17 databases and 153 results were obtained. After applying certain exclusion criteria, 17 scientific research articles were admitted for analysis. The information was classified in design, validation, and implementation trends. The design findings suggest a tendency to simulate real environments to validate, not only serious play, but also the learning obtained by applying preand post-test measurements. A varied implementation was observed between educational purposes, training, or support for people with disabilities. Likewise, predesigned games and author's games with individual interactions were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental enrichment is a contextual combination of stimuli that facilitate sensory, motor, cognitive, and socioemotional skills. This neuroscientific paradigm enhances experience-dependent neural plasticity, validating it as an intervention model applicable to the educational and neuropsychiatric area in users with intellectual disabilities. The aim is to characterize the neurocognitive effects of environmental enrichment interventions in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. A systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the PRISMA statement. The search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and PubMed databases between 2000 and 2020. Seven studies were selected. Improvements in self-determination, intellectual capacity, social cognition, speech coherence, motor skills, and behavioral regulation were evidenced. The design and execution of the selected protocols are heterogeneous. The application of environmental enrichment protocols in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities leads to a positive impact on neurocognitive variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying is a problem within the school context and with important consequences for the victim. The scientific literature has shown that emotional intelligence (EI) enhances the role of cohabitation within the school context. This systematic review aims to analyze the evidence of the role of EI in bullying. Results show greater levels of emotional perception in students involved in bullying and lower levels of emotional understanding and regulation compared to students not involved in these behaviors. In addition, gender differences in their levels of EI were found among students involved in bullying. The results reveal the importance of designing and implementing programs of EI in the school context as prevention and action against bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review focuses on highlighting those barriers and facilitators that currently, according to different studies that had been carried out, are in the process of educational inclusion in students with ASD. For this, 24 articles have been analysed, taking into account the voices of those mainly involved in this issue: families, different educational professionals and the students themselves. In this way, the found results will be exposed not only according to how they promote or hinder the process of inclusive education, but also according to the perspective of the different voices; showing the meeting points between these, as well as the possible discrepancies. Finally, a serie of conclusions derived from the results will be presented, which will show how far we still are from seeing this right satisfied. At the same time, and through the identification of certain key barriers, a series of action guidelines will also be thrown in order to promote a reflexion that could lead to decrease the gap between what is said to be done and what is finally carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Given the need to restructure healthcare education institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, hybrid education has been identified as an alternative to reorganize educational activities. The objective of this study is to describe hybrid education development in healthcare education. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guideline. A peerreviewed search was conducted across four electronic databases between July and September 2020. Descriptors used were "distance education", "learning", "health", "nursing", "medicine", "dentistry", "physical therapy" and "hybrid education". Selected articles were classified based on their level of evidence. Results: 49 articles were selected, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies. Experiences in the development of hybrid education in multiple healthcare courses were found. Hybrid education has been implemented based on the rotation model, a la carte model and Flex model. Discussion: Hybrid education has been gaining more and more importance in the academic scenario of healthcare education. Based on this, students manage to stand out in their learning process as they become the main agent of this process by actively learning using multiple education tools provided by their teachers. Conclusions: Successful hybrid education can be related to its innovative, flexible, cost-effective nature and the ability to turn students into key players in their teaching-learning process, which ends up influencing their own academic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term health effects of bushfires include the potential to trigger new and exacerbate existing mental health problems. This review aimed to determine the prevalence of long-term mental health issues in Australian populations exposed to bushfires. A systematic search was conducted in five databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify studies focusing on Australian populations impacted by bushfires with the prevalence of mental health issues reported at 2+ years after bushfire. The Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal tool was utilised. We conducted meta-analyses to determine the prevalence of general psychological distress in the general population, and a narrative synthesis. We included 21 articles based on 5 studies and conducted on 3 bushfire events. Meta-analyses showed a pooled prevalence of 14% (95% CI 12%-16%) for psychological distress in the general population at 2–4 years post bushfire. The overall prevalence of long-term psychological problems in firefighters at 2–7 years ranged from 28% to 47.6%. The prevalence of some psychological issues decreased with time and was directly proportional to the level of bushfire impact. As the magnitude of long-term bushfire-related mental health impacts in Australia is severe, it is important to monitor psychological problems and assist communities in future. Future research needs include: (a) more studies on the full range of long-term psychological impacts of bushfires, and (b) consensus on instruments and diagnostic criteria to define mental health issues. First systematic review of long-term bushfire mental health issues in Australia. Indicating substantial mental health problems among affected populations. Long-term issues were linked to bushfire impact and elevated among firefighters. Highlighting need for further rigorous research on long-term disaster sequalae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many countries pay special attention to the transition of their military personnel from deployment to home via post-deployment adaptation programmes (PDAPs). Objective: This systematic review aims to provide a structured analysis of structure, process, and outcomes based on available empirical evidence for PDAPs. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify original peer-reviewed studies on PDAP in six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PTSDPubs, and OpenGrey). The overall risk of bias of the articles was assessed using GRADE guidelines. The literature was analysed in its description of PDAP structure, process, and outcomes. In addition, when effects were reported, these were extracted. Results: The search resulted in 1535 unique records that were screened for eligibility; 16 articles were included, of which only three showed low risk of bias according to GRADE. Few studies clearly described and investigated PDAP structure elements (i.e. combat exposure), process elements (i.e. who delivered the intervention), and other outcome elements (i.e. adjustment issues). Most articles included some form of third location decompression (N = 10; psychoeducation and time to rest and relax on a location that is not in the mission theatre or at home) and Battlemind (N = 4; interactive training focusing on how to adapt skills and cognitions after deployment at home). The results suggest positive mental health effects and satisfaction of these two types of PDAP, although the evidence is poor. Conclusions: Empirical, high-quality evidence for PDAP is scarce. In addition, the existing literature reveals a lack of systematic method in describing the goals of PDAP and the ways of achieving these. This leads to incomparability between studies and hinders the building of a knowledge base on PDAPs. A structure is proposed for describing the structure, process, and outcomes of PDAPs with measured effects. High -quality evidence for post-deployment adaptation programmes is scarce. Programme structure, process, and aims with measured effects are not delineated. Positive mental health effects are reported for Battlemind and third location decompression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological treatment of comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is clinically challenging, and outcomes are often poor. This paper describes a systematic review and meta-analysis which sought to establish the current efficacy for a number of established psychological approaches for adults and adolescents, in comparison to interventions for SUD alone, or other active approaches, following a pre-registered protocol. This review followed PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Data extraction and risk of bias judgements using Cochrane criteria were undertaken by all authors. Primary outcomes were PTSD severity and substance use post-treatment. The quality of findings was assessed using GRADE. Following a comprehensive search, conducted to 13 September 2021, 27 studies were included. We found a relatively high level of dropout across studies. In our main comparisons, we found no benefits for present-focused treatment approaches aimed at improving coping skills beyond those for SUD-only interventions. We found modest benefits for trauma-focused intervention plus SUD intervention post-treatment for PTSD (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.64, −0.08), and at 6–13 months for PTSD (SMD = −0.48, 95% CI −0.81, −0.15) and alcohol use (SMD = −0.23, 95% CI −0.44, −0.02). There were no benefits for cognitive restructuring interventions as a group, but we found a modest effect for integrated cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) for PTSD post-treatment (SMD = −0.33, 95% CI −0.62, −0.04). There was evidence of some benefit for trauma-focused intervention over present-focused intervention for PTSD from a single study and for reduction in dropout for incentivized attendance for trauma-focused intervention from another single study. Most findings were of very low quality. There is evidence that trauma-focused therapy and ICBT can improve PTSD for some individuals, but many patients do not fully engage with treatment and average treatment effects are modest. For PTSD, evidence was strongest for trauma-focused CBT-based approaches, but effects were modest. There was little evidence of any added benefit on substance use, beyond that of standard addiction treatments, for any included intervention. Dropout from treatment was high [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The negative impact of trauma work has been well documented in mental health professionals. There are three main phenomena used to describe these effects: Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), Vicarious Trauma (VT) and Compassion Fatigue (CF). To date, the majority of research has focused on the contribution of individual level factors. However, it is imperative to also understand the role of organizational factors. This review examines the role of organizational factors in ameliorating or preventing STS, VT, and CF in mental health professionals. We further aimed to identify specific elements of these factors which are perceived to be beneficial and/or detrimental in mitigating against the effects of STS, VT, and CF. Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and SCOPUS with final searches taking place on 10 March 2021. Twenty-three quantitative studies, eight qualitative studies, and five mixed methods studies were included in the final review. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyse the findings. The results of the review highlight the importance of regular supervision within supportive supervisory relationships, strong peer support networks, and balanced and diverse caseloads. The value of having an organizational culture which acknowledges and validates the existence of STS was also imperative. Organizations have an ethical responsibility to support the mental health professionals they employ and provide a supportive environment which protects them against STS. This review provides preliminary evidence for the types of support that should be offered and highlights the gaps in the literature and where future research should be directed. Further research is needed to evaluate which strategies – and under what conditions – best ameliorate and prevent STS. Organizations have a responsibility to protect mental health professionals from vicarious trauma. Regular supervision, peer support, diverse caseloads, specific trauma training, and a culture which validates vicarious trauma were identified as key protective factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop scientific competence, students have to appropriate scientific culture through scientific practices. In geology teaching, the field is also a context for enculturation. The interrelation between practices and fieldwork has been scarcely studied. In this paper a review is made of articles that include field trips, published in ten science teaching journals over the last ten years. Mention of operations related to scientific practices was identified in 20 articles. Argumentation was identified in all age groups, inquiry practically only at university level and modelling was hardly present at all. It is concluded that fieldwork played a role in the development of practices beyond data collection. The absence of fundamental operations in the practices was detected, which leads to raise some educational implications illustrated with identified good practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most research on Intimate Partner Violence against women (IPV) has tended to present women as passive victims, but in recent years, there has been an increase in studies adopting a strengths-based approach. The aim of the present study is to review the empirical literature about resilience in women survivors of IPV to (a) analyze the consensus on the definition andassessment of resilience; (b) study the correlates of resilience; and (c) reflect on the applicability of such knowledge in policies and professional practice. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was carried out in the Scopus, WoS and PsycINFO databases. The search yielded 42 articles published in English or Spanish over an unlimited timeframe. Results showed that process-oriented, trait-oriented, and outcomcsoriented definitions of resilience were all adopted in the research and that assessment methods also differed across studies. Individual, relational, and contextual factors were found as resilience correlates. There is a need for a theoretical consensus and for research on the mechanisms through which vulnerability or protective factors exert their influence on groups with specific risk conditions. Finally, governments and institutions should take actions to support women and children and to prevent future IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a lack of consensus on the addictive or non-addictive nature of excessive mobile phone use, but we have a vast number of studies exploring its prevalence, which is usually very high in all current societies. This problem is associated with serious consequences, so it is to be expected that therapeutic approaches have been tried. Methods: This study is a systematic review of articles that have applied some type of treatment for smartphone addiction/abuse. The international databases PsycInfo, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, MEDLINE and OpenDissertations were reviewed for articles in English using any type of treatment. Results: Only two articles met criteria. In both cases, they are very low-evidence studies, impossible to replicate, and had poor results. Discussion: There is no correspondence between the magnitude of the problem observed in scientific literature and the healthcare response that such a problem should generate. This is an argument from those who consider it inappropriate to consider the excessive/abusive use of smartphones as an addictive behavior, since the consequences for individuals and society are in no way comparable. Conclusions: There is a need for studies that propose treatment alternatives for people who have lost control over their behavior and that will allow them to recover it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of diversity based on the notion of coloniality guided this systematic review whose objective was to outline a general panorama and analyze how research in the field of Physical Education has appropriated the theme of interculturality. This is a qualitative and exploratory work, based on publications in the Google Scholar, Scielo and Portal de Periódicos-CAPES data bases between the years 2007 and 2017. Among the results stand out the scarcity of research on this topic, the variety of methodologies adopted in the studies, the need to question the school organization and monocultural curricula, the importance of intercultural professional training, the reiteration of the right to education and the search for a school capable of valuing differences and contributing to a more just, diverse and human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: bariatric surgery is considered successful when the percentage of weight loss is equal to or higher than 25 %, or when the percentage loss of body mass index occurs above 50 % long-term. Objective: to analyze the effect of physical exercise on body weight and body mass index before and/or after bariatric surgery. Methodology: articles registered in the PudMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for original papers with open access in English and Spanish that compared one or more physical exercise programs as treatment before and/or after bariatric surgery, with results on initial and final weight and body mass index, muscle mass, and fat mass from January to April 2021. Results: a total of 730 articles were obtained in the different databases and only 7 were selected for the analysis. Aerobic exercise combined with resistance training showed a greater decrease in the percentage of weight loss (% PP) and the percentage of loss of body mass index (% PBMI). Conclusions: aerobic physical exercise in combination with endurance training is the most applied program in subjects with bariatric surgery, and the most important effects are an increase in percentage of weight loss and a decrease in body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is a growing increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population and initiatives for their prevention and control are multiplying. Objective: To characterize the interventions in child obesity published in recent scientific literature. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of quantitative empirical research on interventions in child obesity was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases between the years 2013 and 2019. A total of 30 articles describing 30 different interventions were selected. Results: The interventions were mainly focused on promoting a healthy diet and physical exercise, with an emphasis on reducing body weight and anthropometric measures as the main outcome variables. The duration was concentrated between 4 and 6 months and they were developed mainly in school contexts. Conclusions: The studies agree on the importance of addressing the problem at an individual, group and community level and ensuring the relevance of the interventions based on the social and cultural specificity of the target group. Challenges persist in relation to the design of theoretically-based interventions, promoting adherence to programs, and extending follow-up periods to determine their long-term effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest of this study lies in the fact that the transition from a linear to a circular economy is of key interest in relevant business and academic fields, although the circular economy is an emerging issue and theoretical and empirical research has been limited until recently. However, circular business models are receiving more and more attention, and it is therefore strategically necessary to develop tools that facilitate their implementation. Therefore, because of increasing interest amongst research in the circular economy and sustainability, the purpose of the present study and its strength lies in the systematic presentation of both of these specific academic streams. The approach was qualitative and based on a systematic literature review. We examined several areas in which the circular economy has a place. We highlight sustainability, consumer behaviour, innovation, remanufacturing, operations management, supply chains, intellectual capital, 3D printing, big data, and recycling. We also consider drivers, challenges, the relationship between circular economy and small to medium-sized enterprises, and the influence of circular economy in specific sectors such as textiles and food. It is hoped that the study will facilitate a possible sustainable solution that contrasts with the current linear model of production and resource management. The circular economy has the potential to create positive synergies in economic, social, and environmental areas, despite its recent origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning to count discrete exact quantities is one of the first milestones in the development of children's mathematical knowledge. In recent years there has been an extensive debate about how this learning process occurs in preschool. The current research aims to identify the themes and general research questions developed in the last five years in terms of children's counting and learning of the natural number system in preschoolers. To this end, a systematic review was conducted through ScienceDirect, EBSCO, Web of Science, SpringerLink, JSTOR and Sage databases. A total of 98 research articles were obtained and then analyzed by using cluster analysis and hierarchical maps using NVIVO 11.0. Four thematic nuclei were found (Ideas about the cognitive processes involved in the understanding of number, representation of numerical magnitudes, interventions to favor the development of mathematical skills and structural aspects of number), that show the current state of research on counting. The results of this study are important to define possible future research programs and can be used by teachers as input to enrich the learning environments of their classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revisar la evidencia disponible sobre la repercusión de los tratamientos de la artritis reumatoide (AR) en la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial difusa (EPID) asociada. Revisión sistemática de estudios que evalúan el impacto del tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con AR y EPID. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE, EMBASE y Cochrane, selección de artículos y evaluación de la calidad metodológica (FLC 3.0 OSTEBA) y graduación del nivel de evidencia (SING). Se identificaron 1.720 referencias en búsqueda primaria y 7 en manual o indirecta. Se incluyeron 43 artículos: 7 revisiones sistemáticas, 2 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, 5 estudios de cohortes, 8 estudios de casos-controles y 21 series de casos. Metotrexato (MTX) y leflunomida (LEF) no aumentan la incidencia, complicaciones ni mortalidad por EPID. Aunque los resultados no son uniformes, los anti-TNF han tenido con frecuencia peores resultados en incidencia, progresión y mortalidad por EPID que MTX, LEF, abatacept (ABA) y rituximab (RTX). La evidencia encontrada es escasa para los inhibidores de JAK quinasas y antifibróticos, y controvertida para los inhibidores de la IL-6. No existe evidencia de que MTX o LEF empeoren el pronóstico de los pacientes con AR-EPID. RTX y ABA parecen tener mejores resultados que otros biológicos, como anti-TNF, consiguiendo con frecuencia la estabilización y, en algunos casos, la mejoría de la EPID en pacientes con AR. To review the available evidence on the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatments in associated diffuse interstitial lung disease (ILD). Systematic review of studies evaluating the impact of pharmacological treatment in patients with RA and ILD. A bibliographic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane, a selection of articles and the methodological quality assessment (FLC 3.0 OSTEBA) and grading of the level of evidence (SING) of the selected articles were performed. 1,720 references were identified in primary search and 7 in manual or indirect. Forty-three articles were included: 7 systematic reviews, 2 randomized clinical trials, 5 cohort studies, 8 case-control studies and 21 case series. Methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF) do not increase incidence, complications or mortality due to ILD. Although the results are not uniform, anti-TNF have often had worse outcomes in incidence, progression and mortality due to ILD than MTX, LEF, abatacept (ABA) and rituximab (RTX). The evidence found is scarce for JAK kinase and antifibrotic inhibitors, and controversial for IL-6 inhibitors. There is no evidence that MTX or LEF worsens the prognosis of patients with AR-EPID. RTX and ABA seem to have better results than other biologicals, such as anti-TNF, often achieving stabilization and, in some cases, the improvement of ILD in patients with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To assess how and in what extent the electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use substituted the consumption of traditional combustible cigarettes (c-cigarettes, c-cig). Materials and Methods. We performed a systematic review of the literature up to August 2019 in scientific databases. Primary outcomes were proportion of complete or partial substitution of conventional to electronic cigarettes and related economic aspects. Secondary outcomes were odds ratio of substitution and country-wise time trends. Results. We retrieved 3,628 references and included 49 studies, providing economic and epidemiological data. Economic studies of cross-price elasticity showed that combustible cigarettes are partially substitutable for electronic cigarettes. Most studies reported that electronic cigarettes consumption prevalence increased over time. Three studies reported a significant reduction of combustible cigarettes consumed per day among dual users (combustible-plus electronic-cigarettes users) versus combustible-cigarettes users. The pooled adjusted odds ratio of quitting combustible cigarettes among electronic cigarettes users versus never or past electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes, e-cig) users was 1.19 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.30; heterogeneity score 0%). Longitudinal studies showed globally a growing prevalence of electronic cigarettes use, mainly in adolescents. A negative relationship between consumption and price increase of electronic and combustible cigarettes was found. Conclusion. The chance of quitting smoking combustible cigarettes among current electronic nicotine delivery systems users was increased with respect to never- or pastelectronic nicotine delivery systems users. Economic studies reported that electronic cigarette is partially substitutable for combustible cigarettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the prevalence and incidence of arterial hypertension, as well as the prevalence of previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension (self-reported) among the adult population of Peru. Materials and methods. Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies available in LILACS, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Global Health. Studies were included if they followed a random sampling approach in adult population. Screening and assessment of manuscripts was carried out independently by two researchers. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the overall prevalence and incidence of hypertension. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the manuscripts. Results. A total of 903 papers were screened, and only 15 were included in the estimation of hypertension prevalence, 8 in the assessment of previous hypertension diagnosis, and 4 for incidence estimations. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 22.0% (95% CI: 20.0% - 25.0%; I2=99.2%). This estimate was lower in national studies [20.0% (95% CI: 17.0% - 22.0%; I2=99.4%] than in sub-national studies [24.0% (95% CI: 17.0% - 30.0%; I2=99.2%]. The pooled prevalence of previous hypertension diagnosis was 51.0% (95% CI: 43.0% - 59.0%; I2=99.9%). The pooled incidence of hypertension was 4.2 (95% CI: 2.0 - 6.4; I2=98.6%) per 100 person-years. The included studies did not present high risk of bias. Conclusions. Our findings show that one in five Peruvians has hypertension, and that four new cases appear per 100 persons per year; in addition, only half of the subjects with hypertension are previously diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic reviews are essential to developing evidence-based nursing practice. The JBI, formerly known as the Joanna Briggs Institute, has contributed significantly to research through technical training on reviews. Cochrane Living Systematic Reviews and Systematic Reviews of Measurement Instruments have been approaches recently used by the scientific community. The purpose of Living Systematic Reviews is to continuously update priority issues, while Systematic Reviews of Measurement Instruments condense evidence on the validity of measurement instruments. This article overviews the JBI Systematic Review approaches and provides critical information about Cochrane Living Systematic Reviews and Systematic Reviews of Measurement Instruments. The use of these new approaches is necessary to maintain the evidence-based nursing practice and advance nursing knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are helpful methodological alternatives that combine, discuss, and assess the quality of the best available evidence through adequate and exhaustive searches of the literature. In the last decade, there has been an increase in systematic reviews and meta-analyses in nursing research. This article intends to reflect on the contributions of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to nursing education, research, and practice. Synthesizing the evidence through high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses adds to the disciplinary development of nursing; therefore, students and professionals in the field should be encouraged to employ these methodological tools in education and research and implement the results of these methods in clinical practice for making better decisions regarding the individual needs of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the observational instruments used to evaluate the parental responsiveness construct, with special attention to the components that are evaluated, the application characteristics, and the criteria for use. Method: A systematic review of the instruments published through the PsychINFO and Google Scholar databases was conducted. Two independent researchers assessed the eligibility of the instruments, extracted the data, and assessed their characteristics. Results: A total of 33 instruments were selected. The components evaluated are diverse and more than 50% also evaluate other constructs. Of these, 45% are medium focus and most have a positive focus. More than half are encoded through video, slightly less than half request to perform specific tasks, the time allocated to evaluation is highly variable, and all of them require specific training for their use. Discussion: There is a wide range of instruments to assess parental responsiveness. This review offers clues that facilitate the choice of the most appropriate instrument for each professional or research need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]