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A new Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated bacterium was isolated from soil in the Guishan, Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China, and named YIM B01952 T . Growth occurred at 10-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with up to ≤ 5.0% (w/v) NaCl on Tryptic Soy Broth Agar (TSA) plates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and draft-genome sequence showed that strain YIM B01952 T belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, and was closely related to the type strain of Pseudomonas alcaligenes (sequence similarity was 98.8%). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between strain YIM B01952 T and the parallel strain P. alcaligenes ATCC 14909 T was 49.0% based on the draft genome sequence. The predominant menaquinone was Q-9. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω6c and/or C 18:1 ω7c), summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω6c and/or C 16:1 ω7c) and C 16:0 . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The genome size of strain YIM B01952 T was 4.341 Mb, comprising 4156 predicted genes with a DNA G + C content of 66.4 mol%. In addition, we detected that strain YIM B01952 T had some traditional functional genes (plant growth promotion and multidrug resistance), unique genes through genome comparison and analysis with similar strains. Based on genetic analyses and biochemical characterization, the strain YIM B01952 T was identified as a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas subflava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B01952 T (=CCTCC AB 2021498 T  = KCTC 92073 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Three novel bacterial strains, 321 T , 335 T , and 353 T , were isolated from the intestines of Aegosoma sinicum larvae collected from Paju-Si, South Korea. The strains were Gram-negative, obligate aerobe and had rod-shaped cells with a single flagellum. The three strains belonged to the genus Luteibacter in the family Rhodanobacteraceae and shared < 99.2% similarity in their 16S rRNA gene sequence and < 83.56% similarity in thier whole genome sequence. Strains 321 T , 335 T , and 353 T formed a monophyletic clade with Luteibacter yeojuensis KACC 11405 T , L. anthropi KACC 17855 T , and L. rhizovicinus KACC 12830 T , with sequence similarities of 98.77-98.91%, 98.44-98.58%, and 97.88-98.02%, respectively. Further genomic analyses, including the construction of the Up-to-date Bacterial Core Gene (UBCG) tree and assessment of other genome-related indices, indicated that these strains were novel species belonging to the genus Luteibacter. All three strains contained ubiquinone Q8 as their major isoprenoid quinone and iso-C 15:0 and summed feature 9 (C 16:0 10-methyl and/or iso-C 17:1 ω9c) as their major cellular fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids in all the strains. The genomic DNA G + C contents of strains 321 T , 335 T , and 353 T were 66.0, 64.5, and 64.5 mol%, respectively. Based on multiphasic classification, strains 321 T , 335 T , and 353 T were classified into the genus Luteibacter as the type strains of novel species, for which the names Luteibacter aegosomatis sp. nov., Luteibacter aegosomaticola sp. nov., and Luteibacter aegosomatissinici sp. nov. are proposed, respectively., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.)

A aerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped and polar-flagellum bacterial strain, designated as FYR11-62 T , was isolated from the estuary of the Fenhe River into the Yellow River in Shanxi Province, China. The isolate was able to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and in the presence of 0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0% NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes and 1597 single-copy orthologous clusters indicated that strain FYR11-62 T affiliated with the genus Shewanella and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Shewanella aestuarii SC18 T (98.3%) and Shewanella gaetbuli TF-27 T (97.3%), respectively. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c), C 16:0 and iso-C 15:0 . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The main quinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The genomic DNA G + C content was 41.6%. Gene annotation showed that strain FYR11-62 T possessed 30 antibiotic resistance genes, implying its multiple antidrug resistance. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain FYR11-62 T and its closely related species were all below the thresholds for species delineation. The phylogenetic position together with the results of the analysis of morphological, physiological and genomic features support the classification of strain FYR11-62 T (= MCCC 1K07242 T  = KCTC 92244 T ) as a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella subflava sp. nov. is proposed., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

"Psychrodesulfovibrio", a proposed genus within the family Desulfovibrionaceae, is a group of sulfate-reducing bacteria with biogeochemical significance but restricted child taxa availability. In this study, a strictly anaerobic bacterium, designed strain FT415 T , was isolated from mangrove sediments in Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen, China. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, and vibrio-shaped with a single polar flagellum, which grew at the temperature range of 15-42 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH range of 6.0-7.5 (optimum 6.8), and in the presence of 0-36 g l -1 NaCl (optimum 6 g l -1 NaCl). In the presence of sulfate, electron donors including lactate, ethanol, pyruvate, malate, fumarate, succinate, cysteine, and glycerol were incompletely oxidized to acetate, and H 2 and formate were used as electron donors with acetate as the carbon source by strain FT415 T . Sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfide, and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate were reduced in the presence of lactate. Fe(III) oxide was reduced without cell growth. Fermentative growth was observed with pyruvate and cysteine. Vitamins were not required for growth. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were C 16:0 , summed feature 10 (C 18:1 c11/t9/t6 and/or unknown ECL 17.834), C 16:1 cis 9, and C 18:0 . The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids, and aminolipids. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6(H 2 ). The genomic DNA G+C content was 56.7%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain FT415 T shared a 98.1% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence, an average nucleotide identity value of 84.0%, an average amino-acid identity value of 85.4%, and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 25.7% with its closest relative Desulfovibrio subterraneus HN2 T , which has been proposed to be transferred to the genus "Psychrodesulfovibrio". Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic evidence, a new species of the family Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfovibrio mangrovi sp. nov. was proposed with the type strain FT415 T (=GDMCC 1.3410 T =KCTC 25525 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Salted egg yolk (SEY) becomes easily "muddy" during storage, leading to a decrease in the quality of salted eggs. The mechanism of SEY mudding was studied in this paper. The results showed that SEY hydrogen proton binding decreased, and SEY water and lipid fluidity increased during storage. In addition, the degree of lipid oxidation and monounsaturated fatty acids in salted egg yolk lipids (SEYL) increased, and primary oxidation products and secondary oxidation products were formed. Moreover, the structure of SEY was degraded to release lipids and proteins, and these proteins and lipids were re-emulsified to form new aggregates. Finally, by PLS-DA modeling analysis, it was found that the content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids changed significantly after SEY became muddy. These results suggest that the muddiness of SEY can primarily be attributed to higher fluidity and protein-lipid re-emulsification, and secondarily to the oxidation of SEYL., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to illustrate how DNP and ATP affected the pulp breakdown occurrence in P. longanae-infected longan and their relationship with the membrane lipid metabolism. Compared with P. longanae-inoculated samples, the pulp of DNP-treated P. longanae-infected longan exhibited higher cellular membrane permeability, breakdown index, activities of PI-PLC, PLD, PC-PLC, LOX, and lipase, and values of SFAs, PA, and DAG, while lower levels of PI, PC, USFAs, IUFA and U/S. However, the opposite findings were observed in ATP-treated P. longanae-infected longan. The data manifested that DNP-increased the pulp breakdown occurrence in P. longanae-inoculated samples was due to the elevated MLDEs activities that reduced the contents of phospholipids (PI, PC) and USFAs, disrupting the cell membrane structures. Nevertheless, ATP decreased the pulp breakdown occurrence in P. longanae-inoculated samples, which was ascribed to the reduced MLDEs activities that raised phospholipids (PI, PC) and USFAs contents, thus maintaining the cell membrane structures., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Reliable probing of cardiolipin (CL) content in dynamic cellular milieux presents significant challenges and great opportunities for understanding mitochondria-related diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and diabetes mellitus. In intact respiring cells, selectivity and sensitivity for CL detection are technically demanding due to structural similarities among phospholipids and compartmental secludedness of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we report a novel "turn-on" fluorescent probe HKCL-1M for detecting CL in situ. HKCL-1M displays outstanding sensitivity and selectivity toward CL through specific noncovalent interactions. In live-cell imaging, its hydrolyzed product HKCL-1 efficiently retained itself in intact cells independent of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m ). The probe robustly co-localizes with mitochondria and outperforms 10- N -nonyl acridine orange (NAO) and Δψ m -dependent dyes with superior photostability and negligible phototoxicity. Our work thus opens up new opportunities for studying mitochondrial biology through efficient and reliable visualization of CL in situ.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, chemoorganotrophic, bacteriochlorophyll a-containing, slow-growing bacterium was isolated from the lichen Flavocetraria nivalis and designated strain BP6-180914  T . Cells of this strain were large nonmotile rods, which reproduced by binary fission. Cells grew under oxic conditions and were able to utilize sugars and several polysaccharides, including starch and pectin. Strain BP6-180914  T was psychrotolerant and moderately acidophilic growing at 4-35 °C (optimum 20-28 °C) and between pH 4.0 and 7.5 (optimum 4.5-5.5). The major fatty acids were C 18:1 ω7c, C 19:0 cyclo, C 16:0 and C 18:0. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, unidentified aminolipids, and a number of glycolipids, the major one being an unidentified glycolipid. The quinone was Q-10. The DNA G + C content was 63.65%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain BP6-180914  T was a member of the order Hyphomicrobiales and belonged to the family Lichenihabitantaceae defined by the lichen-dwelling facultative aerobic chemo-organotroph Lichenihabitans psoromatis (92.7% sequence similarity). The results of phylogenomic and genomic relatedness analyses showed that strain BP6-180914  T could clearly be distinguished from other species in the order Hyphomicrobiales with average nucleotide identity values of < 74.05% and genome-to-genome distance values of < 21.1%. The AAI value of 65.9% between strain BP6-180914  T and L. psoromatis allowed us to assign this strain to the novel genus of the family Lichenihabitantaceae. Therefore, it is proposed that strain BP6-180914  T represents a novel species in a new genus, Lichenifustis flavocetrariae gen. nov., sp. nov.; strain BP6-180914  T (= KCTC 92872  T  = VKM B-3641  T  = UQM 41506  T ) is the type strain., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

An alkaliphilic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, and spore forming bacterial strain (MEB205 T ) was isolated from sediment sample collected from Lonar lake, India. The strain grew optimally at pH 10, NaCl concentration of 3.0% at 37 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MEB205 T belonged to the genus Halalkalibacter in the family Bacillaceae and shared the highest sequence similarity with H. okhensis Kh10-101 T (98.9%) followed by H. wakoensis N-1  T (98.7%). The assembled genome of strain MEB205 T has a total length of 4.8 Mb with a G + C content of 37.8%. The dDDH and OrthoANI values between strain MEB205 T and H. okhensis Kh10-101  T were 29.1% and 84.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the genome analysis revealed the presence of antiporter genes (nhaA and nhaD) and L-ectoine biosynthesis gene required for survival of the strain MEB205 T in alkaline-saline habitat. The major fatty acid was C 15:0 anteiso, C 16:0 and C 15:0 iso (> 10.0%). Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. meso-diaminopimelic acid was diagnostic diamino acid for cell wall peptidoglycan. Based on the polyphasic taxonomic studies, strain MEB205 T represent a novel species of the genus Halalkalibacter for which the name Halalkalibacter alkaliphilus sp. nov. (Type strain MEB205 T  = MCC 3863  T  = JCM 34004  T  = NCIMB 15406  T ) is proposed., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A novel bacterium , designated 5-21a T , isolated from chitin-treated upland soil, exhibits methionine (Met) auxotrophy and chitinolytic activity. A physiological experiment revealed the cobalamin (synonym, vitamin B 12 )(Cbl)-auxotrophic property of strain 5-21a T . The newly determined complete genomic sequence indicated that strain 5-21a T possesses only the putative gene for Cbl-dependent Met synthase (MetH) and lacks that for the Cbl-independent one (MetE), which implies the requirement of Cbl for Met-synthesis in strain 5-21a T . The set of genes for the upstream (corrin ring synthesis) pathway of Cbl synthesis is absent in the genome of strain 5-21a T , which explains the Cbl-auxotrophy of 5-21a T . This strain was characterized via a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. The nucleotide sequences of two copies of the 16S rRNA gene of strain 5-21a T indicated the highest similarities to Lysobacter soli DCY21 T (99.8 and 99.9 %) and Lysobacter panacisoli CJ29 T (98.7 and 98.8 %, respectively), whose Cbl-auxotrophic properties were revealed in this study. The principal respiratory quinone was Q-8. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 and iso-C 17:1 ω 9 c . The complete genome sequence of strain 5-21a T revealed that the genome size was 4 155 451 bp long and the G+C content was 67.87 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 5-21a T and its most closely phylogenetic relative L. soli DCY21 T were 88.8 and 36.5%, respectively. Based on genomic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain 5-21a T represents a novel species in the genus Lysobacter , for which the name Lyobacter auxotrophicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5-21a T (=NBRC 115507 T =LMG 32660 T ).

Strain MDTJ8 T is a chain-elongating thermophilic bacterium isolated from a thermophilic acidogenic anaerobic digestor treating human waste while producing the high commodity chemical n -caproate. The strain grows and produces formate, acetate, n -butyrate, n -caproate and lactate from mono-, di- and polymeric saccharides at 37-60 °C (optimum, 50-55 °C) and at pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, pH 6.5). The organism is an obligate anaerobe, is motile and its cells form rods (0.3-0.5×1.0-3.0 µm) that stain Gram-positive and occur primarily as chains. Phylogenetic analysis of both the 16S rRNA gene and full genome sequence shows that strain MDTJ8 T belongs to a group that consists of mesophylic chain-elongating bacteria within the family Oscillospiraceae , being nearest to Caproicibacter fermentans EA1 T (94.8 %) and Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans BS-1 T (93.7 %). Its genome (1.96 Mbp) with a G+C content of 49.6 mol% is remarkably smaller than those of other chain-elongating bacteria of the family Oscillospiraceae . Pairwise average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MDJT8 T and its mesophilic family members are less than 70 and 35 %, respectively, while pairwise average amino acid identity values are less than 68 %. In addition, strain MDJT8 T uses far less carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate substrates compared to its nearest family members. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain MDTJ8 T are C 14 : 0 , C 14 : 0 DMA (dimethyl acetal) and C 16 : 0 , while its polar lipid profile shows three unidentified glycophospholipids, 11 glycolipids, 13 phospholipids and six unidentified lipids. No respiratory quinones and polyamines are detected. Based on its phylogenetic, genotypic, morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain MDTJ8 T represents a novel species and novel genus of the family Oscillospiraceae and Thermocaproicibacter melissae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed as its name. The type strain is MDTJ8 T (=DSM 114174 T =LMG 32615 T =NCCB 100883 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped strain, designated LJY008 T , was isolated from the intestinal of Eriocheir sinensis in Pukou base of Jiangsu Institute of Freshwater Fisheries. Strain LJY008 T could grow at 4-37 ℃ (optimum, 30 ℃), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and with 1.0-6.0% NaCl (w/v; optimum, 1.0%). Strain LJY008 T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Jinshanibacter zhutongyuii CF-458 T (99.3%), followed by J. allomyrinae BWR-B9 T (99.2%), Insectihabitans xujianqingii CF-1111 T (97.3%), and Limnobaculum parvum HYN0051 T (96.7%). The major polar lipids include phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The only respiratory quinone was Q8, and the main fatty acids (> 10%) were C 16:0 , summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c/C 16:1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c), and C 14:0. The genome-based phylogenies showed that strain LJY008 T was closely associated with members of the genus Jinshanibacter, Insectihabitans, and Limnobaculum. The average nucleotide identities and average amino acid identities (AAI) among strain LJY008 T and closely related neighbours were all below 95%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among them were all below 36%. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain LJY008 T was 46.1%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain LJY008 T represents a novel species of the genus Limnobaculum, for which the name Limnobaculum eriocheiris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LJY008 T (= JCM 34675 T  = GDMCC 1.2436 T  = MCCC 1K06016 T ). In addition, the genera Jinshanibacter and Insectihabitans were reclassified as Limnobaculum, because there was no significant genome-scale divergence or diagnosable difference on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, such as strains of Jinshanibacter and Insectihabitans sharing AAI values of 93.88-94.96%., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, beige-pigmented bacterium, strain ARW1-2F2 T , was isolated from a seawater sample collected from Roscoff, France. Strain ARW1-2F2 T was catalase-negative and oxidase-positive, and grew under mesophilic, neutrophilic and halophilic conditions. The 16S rRNA sequences revealed that strain ARW1-2F2 T was closely related to Arcobacter lekithochrous LFT 1.7 T and Arcobacter caeni RW17-10 T (95.8 and 95.5 % gene sequence similarity, respectively). The genome of strain ARW1-2F2 T was sequenced and had a G+C content of 28.7%. Two different measures of genome similarity, average nucleotide identity based on blast and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that strain ARW1-2F2 T represents a new Arcobacter species. The predominant fatty acids were C 16 : 1 ω7 c /C 16 : 1 ω6 c and C 18 : 1 ω7 c /C 18 : 1 ω6 c . The results of a polyphasic analysis supported the description of strain ARW1-2F2 T as representing a novel species of the genus Arcobacter , for which the name Arcobacter roscoffensis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain ARW1-2F2 T (DSM 29169 T =KCTC 52423 T ).

Two endophytic actinobacteria, designated as strains 7R015 T and 7R016 T , were isolated from the roots of Barleria lupulina collected in Thailand. The morphological characteristics and results of chemotaxonomic studies and 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that both strains represented members of the genus Streptomyces . They contained ll-diaminopimelic acid in the peptidoglycan. Ribose and glucose were detected as the whole-cell sugars. MK-9(H 4 ), MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 8 ), were found as the membrane menaquinone. The predominant cellular fatty acids detected were iso-C 16 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The genomes of both strains harboured biosynthetic gene clusters for melanin, terpene, lanthipeptide, polyketides, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, siderophore and ectoine. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of 7R015 T showed the highest similarity to that of Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae DSM 40212 T (98.6 %), Streptomyces cyaneus NRRL B2296 T (98.6 %) and Streptomyces curacoi DSM 40107 T (98.6 %). Strain 7R016 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces gilvifuscus NBRC 110904 T (98.2 %), which is lower than the threshold value for 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for differentiation at the species level (98.65 %). Comparative genome analysis revealed that the genomes of 7R015 T , 7R016 T and the closely related type strains had an average nucleotide identity (ANI) of less than 95 % and a digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) of less than 70 %, the thresholds for species demarcation. On the basis of the results of the polyphasic study, strains 7R015 T and 7R016 T represent novel species of the genus Streptomyces and are named herein as Streptomyces cylindrosporus sp. nov. (=NBRC 115200 T = TBRC 14542 T ) for strain 7R015 T and Streptomyces spinosisporus sp. nov. (=NBRC 115201 T = TBRC 14543 T ) for strain 7R016 T .

Human milk phospholipids are important for the regular growth and development of infants. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was employed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze 277 phospholipid molecular species in 112 human milk samples to obtain a detailed profile of human milk phospholipids along the lactation stage. MS/MS fragmentation patterns of sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine were characterized in detail. Phosphatidylcholine is the most dominant group, followed by sphingomyelin. PC(18:0/18:2), SM(d18:1/24:1), PE(18:0/18:0), PS(18:0/20:4), and PI(18:0/18:2) showed the highest average concentration among all of the phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylinositol molecular species, respectively. The fatty acids attached to the phospholipid molecules were mainly palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, and the plasmalogens decreased along the lactation stage. The increase of sphingomyelins and phosphatidylethanolamines and the decrease of phosphatidylcholines are the key changes from colostrum to transitional milk; the increase of lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophosphatidylethanolamines and the continuous decrease of phosphatidylcholines are the vital changes from transitional milk to mature milk.

A novel strain YR1 T , Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and aerobic bacterium, was isolated from the feces of Ceratotherium simum. The strain grew at 9-42 °C (optimal temperature, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-10.0 (optimal pH, 7.0), and in the presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimal salinity, 0%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that strain YR1 T was most closely related to Rheinheimera soli BD-d46 T (98.6%), R. riviphila KYPC3 T (98.6%), and R. mangrovi LHK 132 T (98.1%). Moreover, the average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain YR1 T and R. mangrovi LHK 132  T were 88.3%, 92.1%, and 35.3%, respectively, indicating that strain YR1 T is a novel species in the genus Rheinheimera. The genome size and genomic DNA G + C content of strain YR1 T were 4.5 Mbp and 46.37%, respectively. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, while the predominant respiratory quinone was Q-8. Summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c), C 16: 0 , and summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c) were the primary cellular fatty acids (> 16%). Based on these genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain YR1 T was identified as a novel species in the genus Rheinheimera, for which the name Rheinheimera faecalis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain is YR1 T (= KACC 22402 T  = JCM 34823 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Human milk (HM) lipid plays a crucial role in infant development, whereas its complex lipid profiles and its dynamic changes during prolonged lactation have not been investigated yet. Comparative lipidomic analyses were employed in investigating the lipid profiles of breast milk covering all lactation stages herein. Results revealed significant differences between colostrum and the remaining lactations. A total of 237 species of glycerolipids (GLs) and 231 phospholipids (PLs) were identified. Colostrum had the most abundant lipid species and was enriched with triacylglycerols (TGs) with a high molecular weight. TG(17:1/18:1/24:1), TG(24:1/24:1/26:1), TG(24:0/24:1/26:1), and SM(d20:1/14:1) were characteristic lipids of colostrum. Differential lipid species which were responsible for distinguishing the adjacent lactations were also indicated. Our findings can help deepen the overall understanding of HM lipid profiles and its dynamic changes, which will facilitate the development of infant formulas suitable for Chinese babies in diverse age groups.

An endophytic actinobacterium, strain PIP175 T , was isolated from the root sample of a native apricot tree ( Pittosporum angustifolium ) growing on the Bedford Park campus of Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia. This strain is a Gram stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterium with well-developed substrate mycelia. Aerial mycelia rarely produce spores and the spore chain is spiral. Strain PIP175 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Streptomyces aculeolatus DSM 41644 T (99.4 %). Other closely related phylogenetic representatives include Streptomyces synnematoformans DSM 41902 T (98.3 %), Streptomyces albospinus NBRC 13846 T (97.6 %), Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi NRRL B-1220 T (97.5 %) and Streptomyces ruber NBRC 14600 T (97.4 %). The major cellular fatty acid of this strain was iso-C 16 : 0 and the major menaquinone was MK-9(H 6 ). The whole-cell sugar contained galactose, glucose and mannose. Chemotaxonomic data confirmed that strain PIP175 T belonged to the genus Streptomyces . Digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide identity based on blast and OrthoANIu results between strain PIP175 T and S. aculeolatus DSM 41644 T were 60.0, 94.1 and 94.9 %, respectively. Genotypic and phenotypic data and genome analysis results allowed the differentiation of strain PIP175 T from its closest species with validly published names. Strain PIP175 T showed good activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 03120385. Genome mining of strain PIP175 T revealed biosynthetic genes encoding proteins relating to antibiotic production, plant growth promotion and biodegradation enzymes. The name proposed for the new species is Streptomyces phytophilus sp. nov. The type strain is PIP175 T (=DSM 103379 T =TBRC 6026 T ).

A novel rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming and motile by peritrichous flagella strain, designated HJL G12 T , was isolated from the root of Chinese herb Dendrobium nobile . Strain HJL G12 T grew optimally at pH 7.0, 30 °C and in the presence of 1.0 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences showed that HJL G12 T clustered with Paenibacillus chibensis NBRC 15958 T and Paenibacillus dokdonensis YH-JAE5 T with 98.3 and 98.2 % sequence similarity. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HJL G12 T and the two reference strains were 23.6 % and 24.9 %, respectively. Menaquinone-7 was the only respiratory quinone and meso -diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Antesio-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 were detected to be the major cellular fatty acids. The cellular polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysyl-phospatidylglycerol and three unidentified aminophospholipids. Based on these results, strain HJL G12 T is considered to represent a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus , for which the name Paenibacillus dendrobii sp. nov. is proposed, with HJL G12 T (=NBRC 115617 T =CGMCC 1.18520 T ) as the type strain.

Three strains, TT30 T , TT37 T and L3 T , were isolated from tidal flat samples. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod shaped. Cells of strains TT30 T and TT37 T were able to grow in a medium containing 1.0-15.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0 and 4.0 %, respectively), and cells of strain L3 T was able to grow in a medium containing 1.0-10.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). Growth of the three strains was observed at pH 6.0-10.0 and at 10-40 °C. Strains TT30 T , TT37 T and L3 T showed the highest similarity to Microbulbifer hydrolyticus DSM 11525 T (97.7 %), M . yueqingensis CGMCC 1.10658 T (98.0 %) and M. elongatus DSM 6810 T (97.9 %), respectively. Results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that the three isolates represented two distinct lineages within the genus Microbulbifer . The DNA G+C contents of strains TT30 T , TT37 T and L3 T were 61.3, 60.9 and 60.2%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values among strains TT30 T , TT37 T and L3 T and the reference strains were 84.4-87.4 and 19.6-28.9 %, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, chemotaxonomic differences, phylogenetic distinctiveness, together with the genomic data, demonstrated that strains TT30 T , TT37 T and L3 T represent novel species of the genus Microbulbifer , which are named Microbulbifer zhoushanensis sp. nov. (TT30 T =KCTC 92167 T =MCCC 1K07276 T ), Microbulbifer sediminum sp. nov. (TT37 T =KCTC 92168 T =MCCC 1K07277 T ) and Microbulbifer guangxiensis sp. nov. (L3 T =KCTC 92165 T =MCCC 1K07278 T ).

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated AGMB00827 T , was isolated from swine faeces. Strain AGMB00827 T was obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. Comparative analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequence revealed that strain AGMB00827 T was affiliated to the genus Collinsella, and was most closely related to Collinsella vaginalis Marseille-P2666 T (= KCTC 25056 T ). Biochemical analysis showed strain AGMB00827 T was negative for catalase and oxidase. Interestingly, strain AGMB00827 T possessed urease activity, which was determined by traditional methods (API test and Christensen's urea medium), unlike related strains. Furthermore, the major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) of the isolate were C 18:1 ω9c, C 16:0 , C 16:0 DMA and C 18:2 ω9,12c DMA. Based on the whole genome sequence analysis, the DNA G + C content of strain AGMB00827 T was 52.3%, and the genome size and numbers of rRNA and tRNA genes were 1,945,251 bp, 3 and 46, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain AGMB00827 T and C. vaginalis KCTC 25056  T were 71.0 and 23.2%, respectively. Additionally, the genome analysis revealed that strain AGMB00827 T possesses urease gene cluster including ureABC and ureDEFG while the related strains do not have those genes, which is consistent with the urease activity. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic approach, strain AGMB00827 T represents a novel species within the genus Collinsella, for which the name Collinsella urealyticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB00827 T (= KCTC 25287 T  = GDMCC 1.2724 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The complex two-membrane organization of the envelope of Gram-negative bacteria imposes an unique biosynthetic and topological constraints that can affect translocation of lipids and proteins synthesized on the cytoplasm facing leaflet of the cytoplasmic (inner) membrane (IM), across the IM and between the IM and outer membrane (OM). Balanced growth of two membranes and continuous loss of phospholipids in the periplasmic leaflet of the IM as metabolic precursors for envelope components and for translocation to the OM requires a constant supply of phospholipids in the IM cytosolic leaflet. At present we have no explanation as to why the biogenic E. coli IM displays asymmetry. Lipid asymmetry is largely related to highly entropically disfavored, unequal headgroup and acyl group asymmetries which are usually actively maintained by active mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are largely unknown for bacteria. Alternatively, lipid asymmetry in biogenic IM could be metabolically controlled in order to maintain uniform bilayer growth and asymmetric transmembrane arrangement by balancing temporally the net rates of synthesis and flip-flop, inter IM and OM bidirectional flows and bilayer chemical and physical properties as spontaneous response. Does such flippase-less or 'lipid only", 'passive' mechanism of generation and maintenance of lipid asymmetry exists in the IM? The driving force for IM asymmetry can arise from the packing requirements imposed upon the bilayer system during cell division through disproportional distribution of two negatively curved phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, with consistent reciprocal tendency to increase and decrease lipid order in each membrane leaflet respectively., (© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and the Royal Society of Biology.)

An actinomycete, designated strain HSS6-12 T , was isolated from hot spring sediment collected from Ranong province, Thailand. The strain showed taxonomic characteristics consistent with those of members of the genus Micromonospora. HSS6-12 T produced a single spore directly on the substrate mycelium, and no aerial mycelium was detected. The isomer of diamino acid presented in cell wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Arabinose, xylose, glucose, and ribose were detected in whole-cell hydrolysates. MK-10(H 4 ), MK-9(H 4 ), and MK-10(H 6 ) were major menaquinones. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 16:0 , iso-C 15:0 , and iso-C 17:0 . Phospholipid profile was composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositolmannosides. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that HSS6-12 T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Micromonospora inositola DSM 43819 T (99.3%). In contrast, the genome analysis showed that HSS6-12 T formed a tight taxonomic position in a phylogenomic tree with Micromonospora endolithica DSM 44398 T . Moreover, the average nucleotide identity-blast, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and the average amino acid identity values between HSS6-12 T and M. inositola DSM 43819 T and M. endolithica DSM 44398 T were 83.1-84.0%, 27.5-28.7%, and 80.4-82.2%, respectively, indicating that HSS6-12 T was different species with both closely related Micromonospora-type strains. In addition, HSS6-12 T could be discriminated from its closely related type strains by many physiological and biochemical characteristics. Thus, HSS6-12 T could be considered a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, and the name Micromonospora thermarum is proposed for the strain. The type strain is HSS6-12 T (= BCC 41915 T  = JCM 17127 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Roasting flaxseed significantly improves the antioxidant activities and flavor of its oil; however, the effect of roasting on phospholipid molecules in flaxseed oil is limited. Herein, on the basis of phospholipidomics and quantum chemistry calculation, phospholipidome in raw, light, and dark roasted flaxseed oils and their changes were systematically explored and compared. Seventy individual phospholipid molecules were detected in raw and roasted flaxseed oils. After light roasting, major classes of phospholipid molecules including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol increased 11.43-, 36.62-, and 67.88-fold, respectively. PE exhibited 92.06 % reduction after dark roasting. The model reaction showed that the main reaction of PE was the Maillard reaction during roasting. Quantum chemistry calculation demonstrated that the reaction energy barriers of the Maillard reaction (96.81 kJ/mol) was much lower than the hydrolysis (188.84 kJ/mol) for PE. The study is expected to provide new insight into the change mechanism of PE during flaxseed processing., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Scope: The purpose of the study is to characterize the chemical diversity in rice bran (RB) lipidome and determines whether daily RB consumption for 4 weeks may modulate plasma lipid profiles in children., Methods and Results: Untargeted and targeted lipidomics via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) are applied to identify bioactive RB lipids from a collection of 17 rice varieties. To determine the impact of RB (Calrose-USA variety) supplementation on plasma lipid profile, a secondary analysis of plasma lipidome is conducted on data recorded in a clinical study (NCT01911390, n = 18 moderately hypercholesterolemic children) before and after 4 weeks of dietary intervention with a control or RB supplemented (15 g day -1 ) snack. Untargeted lipidomic reveals 118 lipids as the core of lipidome across all varieties among which phospholipids are abundant and oxylipins present. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans are quantified and characterized. Lipidome analysis of the children plasma following RB consumption reveals the presence of polar lipids and oxylipins alongside putative modulations in endocannabinoids associated with RB consumption., Conclusion: The investigation of novel polar lipids, oxylipins, phytoprostanes, and phytofurans in RB extracts provides support for new health-promoting properties interesting for people at risk for cardiometabolic disease., (© 2023 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A Gram-stain-negative, halotolerant bacterium designated as PTR5 T was isolated from the roots of rice plants, collected in Ilsan, South Korea. Cells were, aerobic, asporogenous, motile, rod-shaped, white in color, and grew at 5-38 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 5.0-0-8.0 (optimum, 7.0) and tolerates up to 10% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0% NaCl). According to the EZbioCloud server the most closely related Devosia species to strain PTR5 T based on 16 S rRNA gene sequence comparison are Devosia crocina (97.4%), followed by D. soli (97.2%), D. lucknowensis (96.9%) and D. marina (96.5%). The respiratory quinone was identified as Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. C 16:0 , C 18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and summed feature 8 (comprising C 18:1 ω7c/C 18:1 ω6c) constituted the main cellular fatty acids. The draft genome sequence of strain PTR5 T was 3,689,283 bp in size. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and amino acid identity (AAI) values between strain PTR5 T and its close relative were 72.8-76.8%, 19-20.7% and 70.3-75%, respectively. The G + C content was 63.7%. Strain PTR5 T was able to produce siderophore and indole acetic acid (IAA) in the presence of L-tryptophan. Genes for siderophore production, auxin responsive and tryptophan biosynthesis were present in the genome of novel strain. Also, gene clusters involved in detoxification of various metal pollutants and antibiotics were also revealed in the genome of novel strain PTR5 T , this suggest that novel strain can facilitate bioremediation of heavy metals and antibiotics in contaminated areas. This study aimed to determine the detailed taxonomic position of the strain PTR5 T using the modern polyphasic approach. On the basis of evidence presented in this study, strain PTR5 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Devosia, for which the name Devosia oryzisoli sp. nov. (type strain PTR5 T (KCTC 82691 T  = TBRC 15163 T ) is proposed., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, mesophilic, aerobic, coccus-shaped bacterium, designated strain Y7R2 T , was isolated from the brain of a Chiroteuthis picteti squid living in mesopelagic water near Muroto, Kochi, Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was most closely related to the genus Hoyosella (96.1 % similarity to the type strain of the type species Hoyosella altamirensis ) and formed a separate distinct cluster in a stable, deep-branching lineage with the type strains of Hoyosella suaedae and Hoyosella lacisalsi (98.7-99.5% similarities). The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain Y7R2 T were C 17 : 1  ω8 c , C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 1  ω6 c /C 16 : 1  ω7 c and C 16 : 0 , and the isoprenoid quinones were menaquinone-7 (57.8 %) and menaquinone-8 (42.2 %). The principal polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, and the DNA G+C content was 68.0 %. These chemotaxonomic features, with the exception of the fatty acid composition, were similar to those of the phylogenetically clustered species ( H. suaedae and H. lacisalsi ) but different from those of core Hoyosella species (including H. altamirensis ). These results suggested that Y7R2 T , H. suaedae and H. lacisalsi strains should be assigned to a novel genus. Furthermore, strain Y7R2 T showed low average nucleotide identity values (88.0-88.2 %) and low digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (34.3-34.7 %) to the type strains of H. suaedae and H. lacisalsi . These data indicated that strain Y7R2 T should be assigned to a novel genus and species, for which the name Lolliginicoccus levis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y7R2 T (=NBRC 114883 T =KCTC 49749 T ). Accordingly, reclassification of H. suaedae and H. lacisalsi as Lolliginicoccus suaedae comb. nov. (type species) and Lolliginicoccus lacisalsi comb. nov. is also proposed.

The Gram-staining negative, oxidase and catalase negative strain KC-ST17 T , isolated from saline-alkali land, was characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the highest similarity of strain KC-ST17 T was found with Nitratireductor pacificus CCTCC AB 209302 T (97.2%). Cells are aerobic, non-motile, and rod-shaped. The isolate was found to be able to grow in NaCl concentrations of 0-4.0%. The assembled genome of strain KC-ST17 T had a total length of 4.9 Mb with a G + C content of 62.7%. According to genome analysis, strain KC-ST17 T encodes genes involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, which may play a role in the utilization of nitrogenous compounds from the soil as an immediate source of energy. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain KC-ST17 T was confirmed to represent a novel species in the Nitratireductor genus; thus, the name Nitratireductor luteus sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain of this species was KC-ST17 T (= KCTC 92119 T  = MCCC 1K07309 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Three novel strains, SCSIO 12582 T , SCSIO 12638 and SCSIO 12817, were isolated from tissue of the coral Pocillopora damicornis collected from Hainan province, PR China. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes revealed that these three isolates showed nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences (99.86 %-99.93 %), forming a separate monophyletic cluster within the genus Alkalimarinus and closely related to Alkalimarinus sediminis FA028 T . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) relatedness values among the three strains were 99.94 %-99.96 % and 100 %, respectively, indicating that these three isolates were affiliated with the same species. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that SCSIO 12582 T (representative of the novel isolates) exhibited 98.49 % sequence similarity to A. sediminis FA028 T . The ANI and dDDH values between SCSIO 12582 T and A. sediminis FA028 T were 74.81 % and 18.90 % respectively. These three isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod shaped and catalase- and oxidase-positive. The DNA G+C content of SCSIO 12582 T was 45.82 %. The major respiratory quinone was Q-9. The main cellular fatty acids were C 16  : 0 , summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω7 c /C 16 : 1 ω6 c ) and C 16 : 1 ω9 c . The polar lipids present were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genomic analysis, it was evident that isolates SCSIO 12582 T , SCSIO 12638 and SCSIO 12817 represent a novel species of the genus Alkalimarinus , for which the name Alkalimarinus coralli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 12582 T (=JCM35228 T =GDMCC1.3061 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain MB25 T , was isolated from the gut of Cyprinus carpio from the highly polluted river Yamuna, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MB25 T belonged to the genus Sporosarcina, sharing the highest sequence similarity with S. luteola Y1 T (98.98%) and S. koreensis S-K12 T (98.91%). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of strain MB25 T with strain Y1 T and S-K12 T were 18.9, 77.69, and 18.2, 76.80 respectively. Genome analysis of strain MB25 T revealed its biotechnological properties such as tolerance to potent heavy metals, genes for the production of carbohydrate-active enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and also degradation of aromatic compounds. The G + C content of strain MB25 T genome was 45%. Growth observed at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5-8.0); NaCl concentrations up to 6.0% (w/v). The dominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, cell wall peptidoglycan is of the A-4 type containing amino acids Lys-Glu and the major fatty acids are anteiso-C 11:0 and iso-C 15: 0 . The major polar lipids of strain MB25 T are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic data, strain MB25 T represents a novel species of the genus Sporosarcina, for which the name Sporosarcina cyprini sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MB25 T (= MCC 4366  T  = JCM 34521  T  = CCM 9113  T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) has potential applications in the qualitative analysis of phospholipids (PLs). However, its capability for quantitative analysis is limited by the unavailability and/or high cost of isotope-labeled internal standards (interSTDs, e.g., 1-oleoyl (d7)-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-pentadecanoyl-2-oleoyl (d7)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). This study investigated and validated whether only two PL interSTDs could be used to normalize the entire PL species in a complex bio-lipid background (i.e., urinary lipid extracts). The normalized intensities of PL ionization standards (ionSTDs) were found to have better linear regressions (R 2  > 0.984 for all PL subcategories) than those of traditional methods, such as total ion current and matrix-peak normalization methods. Furthermore, the intra-day precision of all the analyte concentrations after normalizing using our ionSTD method was superior to those of traditional methods. The inter-day precision of all the negatively charged analytes also differed statistically between our ionSTD and the two traditional methods. Meanwhile, a comparison of the three normalization methods revealed that the precision of all the positive analytes using the ionSTD method was comparable. Consequently, a cost-effective, fast, simple, convenient, and reliable quantitative method, defined as "qShot MALDI analysis," was developed to analyze PLs that could potentially be applied in clinical biomarker screening, especially in a negative mode., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study investigated the effect of membrane surface properties on membrane biofouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor treating synthetic wastewater, by employing qualitative membrane surface examination techniques and biofilm quantification. The investigation was carried out on three different types of fouled membrane samples obtained using different filtration methods. Lipid phosphate concentration, which represents viable biomass, was employed as a direct measure of biofouling. Contact angle and zeta potential measurements of clean and fouled ultrafiltration and hollow fibre membranes were conducted. Zeta potentials of membrane samples were measured at various electrolyte pHs. The surface energy of membrane samples was calculated and reported from the data obtained from contact angle of measurements. The outcomes from this study can be used as the basis of a technique to examine the potential of biofouling in membrane processes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Oil body (OB) is the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed, and its stability is crucial for oilseed processing. Herein, effects of roasting and boiling on the structure, stability, and in vitro lipid digestion of Camellia OB were studied. The interfacial structure and physical stability of the extracted OB were investigated by electrophoresis, confocal-Raman spectroscopy, zeta-potential, and surface hydrophobicity, etc. Boiling caused protein loss on the OB surfaces, forming a stable phospholipid interface, which resulted in coalescence of the droplets (d > 100 μm) and negative ζ-potential (-3 ∼ -8 mV) values at a pH of 2.0. However, roasting partially denatured the proteins in the seeds, which were adsorbed on the OB surfaces. The random coil structure of interfacial protein increased to ∼20 % after thermal treatment. Besides, heating decreased the surface hydrophobicity of OB and improved lipid digestion. After boiling 60 min, the extent of lipolysis increased from 41.7 % (raw) to 57.4 %., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mangrove microorganisms are a major part of the coastal ecosystem and are directly associated with nutrient cycling. Despite their ecological significance, the collection of culturable mangrove microbes is limited due to difficulties in isolation and cultivation. Here, we report the isolation and genome sequence of strain FT118 T , the first cultured representative of a previously uncultivated order UBA8317 within Alphaproteobacteria , based on the combined results of 16S rRNA gene similarity, phylogenomic, and average amino acid identity analyses. We propose Futianiales ord. nov. and Futianiaceae fam. nov. with Futiania as the type genus, and FT118 T represents the type species with the name Futiania mangrovii gen. nov, sp. nov. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison reveals that this novel order is a rare member but has a ubiquitous distribution across various habitats worldwide, which is corroborated by the experimental confirmation that this isolate can physiologically adapt to a wide range of oxygen levels, temperatures, pH and salinity levels. Biochemical characterization, genomic annotation, and metatranscriptomic analysis of FT118 T demonstrate that it is metabolically versatile and active in situ . Genomic analysis reveals adaptive features of Futianiales to fluctuating mangrove environments, including the presence of high- and low-affinity terminal oxidases, N-type ATPase, and the genomic capability of producing various compatible solutes and polyhydroxybutyrate, which possibly allow for the persistence of this novel order across various habitats. Collectively, these results expand the current culture collection of mangrove microorganisms, providing genomic insights of how this novel taxon adapts to fluctuating environments and the culture reference to unravel possible microbe-environment interactions. IMPORTANCE The rare biosphere constitutes an essential part of the microbial community and may drive nutrient cycling and other geochemical processes. However, the difficulty in microbial isolation and cultivation has hampered our understanding of the physiology and ecology of uncultured rare lineages. In this study, we successfully isolated a novel alphaproteobacterium, designated as FT118 T , and performed a combination of phenotypic, phylogenetic, and phylogenomic analyses, confirming that this isolate represents the first cultured member of a previously uncultivated order UBA8317 within Alphaproteobacteria . It is a rare species with a ubiquitous distribution across different habitats. Genomic and metatranscriptomic analyses demonstrate that it is metabolically versatile and active in situ , suggesting its potential role in nutrient cycling despite being scarce. This work not only expands the current phylogeny of isolated Alphaproteobacteria but also provides genomic and culture reference to unravel microbial adaptation strategies in mangrove sediments and possible microbe-environment interactions.

Three novel actinomycete strains, designated TRM66264-DLM T , TRM88002 T and TRM88003 T , were isolated by using polyaspartic acid as a water-retaining agent for the enrichment in situ . The 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses of three strains indicated that they belonged to the genus Actinoplanes . The phylogenetically closest strains of TRM66264-DLM T , TRM88002 T and TRM88003 T were Actinoplanes bogorensis LIPI11-2-Ac043 T (98.4 %), Actinoplanes abujensis A4029 T (98.0 %) and Actinoplanes ferrugineus IFO15555 T (98.1 %), respectively. The major polar lipids of strains TRM66264-DLM T and TRM88002 T were phosphatidylethanolamine and disphosphatidylglycerol, while strain TRM88003 T only had phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant menaquinones of strain TRM66264-DLM T were identified as MK-9(H 4 ) and MK-9 (H 6 ). Strains TRM88002 T and TRM88003 T had MK-9(H 4 ). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of three strains contained meso -diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars of strain TRM66264-DLM T were identified as arabinose, glucose, galactose and xylose. Strains TRM88002 T and TRM88003 T mainly had arabinose and glucose. The DNA G+C content of strains TRM66264-DLM T , TRM88002 T and TRM88003 T were 70.48, 70.46 and 70.64 mol%, respectively. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis confirmed that all three strains sre new members of the genus Acinoplanes . Therefore, it is proposed that strains TRM66264-DLM T , TRM88002 T and TRM88003 T represent three novel species of the genus Actinoplanes , for which the names Actinoplanes polyasparticus sp. nov. (type strain TRM66264-DLM T =CCTCC AA 2021015 T =LMG 32389 T ), Actinoplanes hotanensis sp. nov. (type strain TRM88002 T =CCTCC AA 2021036 T =LMG 32621 T ) and Actinoplanes aksuensis sp. nov. (type strain TRM88003 T =CCTCC AA 2021037 T =LMG 32622 T ) are proposed.

A novel bacterium designated A3.4 T was isolated from the beach sediment of Zhairuo Island, which is located in the East China Sea. Strain A3.4 T was found to be Gram-stain negative, cream coloured, rod-shaped, aerobic and motile via a single monopolar flagellum. The isolate grows at 20-37 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0), and in the presence of 0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5-1%). A3.4 T has catalase and oxidase activity. The predominant fatty acids (≥ 10%) of the strain were identified as C 16:0 , summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c /C 16:1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c /C 18:1 ω6c). Q-9 was identified as the major isoprenoid quinone, with trace levels of Q-8 present. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The draft genome size is 3.55 Mb, with a DNA G + C content of 57.7 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain A3.4 T indicates that it belongs to the genus Atopomonas and shares high sequence similarity with Atopomonas hussainii JCM 19513 T (97.60%). This classification was also supported by phylogenetic analysis using rpoB and several core genes. The genome of strain A3.4 T shows an average nucleotide identity of 82.3%, an amino acid identity of 83.0%, and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 22.1% with A. hussainii. In addition, 20 conserved signature indels (CSIs) were identified to be specific for A3.4 T and A. hussainii, demonstrating that the strain A3.4 T is closely related to A. hussainii rather than other species of family Pseudomonadaceae. Hundreds of unique genes were identified in the genomes of A3.4 T and A. hussainii, which may underly multiple phenotypic differences between these strains. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and genomic investigations, strain A3.4 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Atopomonas, for which the name Atopomonas sediminilitoris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A3.4 T (= LMG 32563 T  = MCCC 1K07166 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A Gram-stain-negative and short rod-shaped bacterial strain designated GM2-3-6-6 T was obtained from a mangrove sediment. Cells were light yellow-pigmented, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Carotenoid pigment was produced. Phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain GM2-3-6-6 T was affiliated to the family Crocinitomicaceae, sharing maximum sequence similarities with Crocinitomix algicola 0182 T , C. catalasitica IFO 15977 T , and Putridiphycobacter roseus SM1701 T of 93.8%, 93.6%, and 92.5%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values, digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimates and average amino acid identity values between strain GM2-3-6-6 T and the three close relatives were 68.6-68.8%, 18.5-19.2%, and 59.0-62.3%, respectively. The complete circular genome of strain GM2-3-6-6 T was 4,365,762 bp in length with a DNA G + C content of 35.0%. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminoglycolipid, one unidentified aminolipid and four other unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:1 G, summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c), and iso-C 17:0 3-OH. Based on genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characterizations, strain GM2-3-6-6 T represents a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Paracrocinitomix mangrovi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GM2-3-6-6 T (= MCCC 1K04831 T  = KCTC 82931 T ). Additionally, phylogenomic analysis of the type strains of the family Schleiferiaceae and family Cryomorphaceae related members including uncultivated bacteria, was performed using the Genome Taxonomic Database toolkit (GTDB-Tk). Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny and genomic features, two novel families, Phaeocystidibacteraceae fam. nov. and Owenweeksiaceae fam. nov. are proposed. An emended description of the family Schleiferiaceae is also proposed., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

An actinobacterial strain, designated A5X3R13 T , was isolated from a compost soil suspension supplemented with extracellular material from a Micrococcus luteus -culture supernatant. The strain was cultured on tenfold-diluted reasoner's 2A agar. The cells were ovoid-to-rod shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive and had a width of 0.5 µm and a length of 0.8-1.2 µm. The results of both 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic and whole-genome analyses indicate that A5X3R13 T forms a distinct lineage within the family Nocardioidaceae (order Propionibacteriales ). On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, A5X3R13 T was closely related to Aeromicrobium terrae CC-CFT486 T (96.2 %), Nocardioides iriomotensis IR27-S3 T (96.2 %), Nocardioides guangzhouensis 130 T (95.6 %), Marmoricola caldifontis YIM 730233 T (95.5 %), Aeromicrobium alkaliterrae KSL-107 T (95.4 %), Aeromicrobium choanae 9H-4 T (95.4 %), Aeromicrobium panaciterrae Gsoil 161 T (95.3 %), and Nocardioides jensenii NBRC 14755 T (95.2 %). The genome had a length of 4 915 757 bp, and its DNA G+C content was 68.5 mol %. The main fatty acids were 10-methyl C 17 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 15 : 0 , C 18 : 0 , C 17 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 . The main polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and two unidentified phospholipids. MK-9(H 4 ) was the predominant respiratory quinone. The peptidoglycan type was A3γ (A41.1) and contained alanine, glycine, glutamic acid and ll-diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 1.2 : 0.9 : 1.0 : 0.8. On the basis of the results of the phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses and comparisons with other members of the family Nocardioidaceae , strain A5X3R13 T is proposed to represent a novel species within a novel genus, for which the name Solicola gregarius gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A5X3R13 T (=DSM 112953 T =NCCB 100840 T ).

Two Gram-stain-positive, motile, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic strains, designated MEBiC13591 T and MEBiC13594 T , were isolated from tidal flat sediment of the Incheon City on the west coast of Korea. Growth of both novel strains was observed at pH 5-9 (optimum, pH 7-7.5), and in 0-8% NaCl (optimum, 2% for MEBiC13591 T and 3% for MEBiC13594 T ). Strains MEBiC13591 T and MEBiC13594 T grew optimally at 50 °C, (37.5-56.1 °C) and 44 °C (20.7-50.7 °C), respectively. The main cellular fatty acids of strain MEBiC13591 T were iso-C 15: 0 , anteiso-C 15: 0 , iso-C 16: 0 , iso-C 17: 0 and anteiso-C 17: 0 , while those for strain MEBiC13594 T were C 14: 0 , iso-C 14: 0 , iso-C 15: 0 , anteiso-C 15: 0 and C 16: 0 . In both taxa, the major isoprenoid was MK-7. The genomic DNA G + C contents were 34.1 and 37.0 mol% for MEBiC13591 T and MEBiC13594 T , respectively. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the novel strains showed high similarity with members of the genera Aeribacillus (95.0%) and Caldibacillus (93.5-94.5%); however, showed lower than 90% with Caldibacillus debilis Tf T . Phylogenetic and Phylogenomic analysis revealed that two novel strains comprised distinct phyletic line with members formerly assigned to Caldibacillus. Based on genomic indices, such as AAI and ANI, members formerly affiliated with Caldibacillus and Bacillus as well as the novel strains should be classified into five independent genera. Based on the phenotypic, genomic and biochemical data, strains MEBiC13591 T and MEBiC13594 T represent two novel species in the novel genus, for which the names Fervidibacillus albus gen. nov., sp. nov. (MEBiC13591 T [= KCCM 43317 T  = KCTC 43181 T  = JCM 33662 T  = MCCC 1K04565 T ]), and Fervidibacillus halotolerans sp. nov. (MEBiC13594 T [= KCTC 43182 T  = JCM 34001 T ]) are proposed. Three additional genera Caldifermentibacillus, Palidibacillus, and Perspicuibacillus are also proposed by reclassification of the several species with valid names that formerly affiliated with the genera Caldibacillus., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.)

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, endospore-forming salt-tolerant bacterium strain (80 T ), was isolated from woodland soil collected near Kanas lake in the Altay region of Xinjiang, PR China. The strain grew at 15-45 °C, pH6.0-9.0 and with 0-14 % (w/v) NaCl. The complete genome size of the novel strain was 4 031 766 bp including a circle chromosome and a circle plasmid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 38.99 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and genome showed that strain 80 T has the highest similarity to Radiobacillus deserti TKL69 T . However, the novel strain showed an average nucleotide identity value of 78.65 % (lower than 95 %) and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 22.30 % with R. deserti TKL69 T based on the genome sequences. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17:0 and C 16 : 1  ω7 c alcohol. The only respiratory quinone was MK-7. The cell wall peptidoglycan was meso -diaminopimelic acid. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified glycolipids were identified as the major polar lipids. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses showed that strain 80 T represents a novel species of the genus Radiobacillus and the name Radiobacillus kanasensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 80 T (=GDMCC 1.2844 T =JCM 35077 T ).

A new species of Terrisporobacter , a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic group, proposed name Terrisporobacter hibernicus sp. nov., was isolated in Northern Ireland from bovine faeces collected in 2016. Designated as MCA3 T , cells of T. hibernicus sp. nov. are rod shaped and motile. Cells tolerate NaCl from 0.5 to 5.5 % (w/v), with a pH tolerance between pH 6 and 9. The optimal temperature for growth is 35-40 °C, and temperatures from 20 to 30 °C are tolerated. The polar lipid profile displays diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two aminoglycolipids, one glycophospholipid, one aminolipid, three glycolipids, five phospholipids and one lipid. No respiratory quinones are detected. The predominant fatty acid profile includes C 16 : 0 at 22.8 %. Strain MCA3 T is positive for glucose and maltose acidification, as well as glycerol and sorbitol. The biochemical results from a VITEK2 assay of strain MCA3 T , Terrisporobacter petrolearius LAM0A37 T and Terrisporobacter mayombei DSM 6539 T are also included for the first time. The closed and complete genome of strain MCA3 T from a hybrid Oxford Nanopore Technology MinION/Illumina assembly reveals no evidence for known virulence genes. Draft genome sequencing of T. mayombei DSM 6539 T and T. petrolearius LAM0A37 T , as performed by Illumina MiSeq, provides reference genomes for these respective species of Terrisporobacter for the first time. DNA-DNA hybridization values (d 4 ) of MCA3 T to Terrisporobacter glycolicus ATCC 14880 T , T. petrolearius LAM0A37 T and T. mayombei DSM 6539 T are 48.8, 67.4 and 46.3 %, with cutoff value at 70 %. The type strain for T. hibernicus sp. nov. is MCA3 T (=NCTC 14625 T =LMG 32430 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and coccoid bacterial strain, designated XHP0099 T , was isolated from the coastal water of the Yellow Sea, China. Growth occurred at 20-37 ℃ (optimum, 28 ℃), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0), and with 0-7.0% NaCl (optimum, 2.0-3.0%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain XHP0099 T was related to members of the genus Paracoccus and shared the highest sequence similarity with "P. siganidrum" M26 (98.2%), followed by P. alkanivorans 4-2  T (97.6%) and P. alkenifer DSM 11593  T (97.4%). The average nucleotide identity, amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain XHP0099 T against related members in the genus Paracoccus were below the cut-off points proposed for the delineation of a novel species. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10%) were summed feature 8 (C 18:1 ω7c/C 18:1 ω6c), and C 18:0 . The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), aminolipid (AL) and unidentified polar lipids (L). The G + C content of the genomic DNA of strain XHP0099 T was 66.0%. Genomic analysis suggested that strain XHP0099 T harbored gene clusters for formaldehyde and the XoxF-type methanol oxidation and type 1 Calvin cycle, which could confer the methylotrophy pathway. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain XHP0099 T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus marinaquae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XHP0099 T (= JCM 34661  T  = GDMCC 1.2414  T  = MCCC 1K05846 T )., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Salt marsh vegetation, mudflat and salt production are common features in worldwide coastal areas; however, their influence on microbial community composition and structure has been poorly studied and rarely compared. In the present study, microbial community composition (phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing (bacterial and archaeal)) and structure, enzymatic activities and abundance of functional genes in the sediments of salt ponds (crystallizer, condenser and reservoir), mudflat and vegetated mudflat were determined. Enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) were considerably decreased in saltpan sediments because of elevated salinity while sediment of vegetated mudflat sediments showed the highest enzyme activities. Concentrations of total microbial biomarker PLFAs (total bacterial, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, fungal and actinomycetes) were the highest in vegetated mudflat sediments and the lowest in crystallizer sediments. Nonmetric-multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of PLFA data revealed that the microbial community of crystallizer, mudflat and vegetated mudflat was significantly different from each other as well as different from condenser and reservoir. The most predominant phyla within the classified bacterial fractions were Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes, while Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota phyla dominated the classified archaeal fraction. Cyanobacterial genotypes were the most dominant in the condenser. Mudflat and vegetated mudflat supported a greater abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that salt ponds had significantly decreased the microbial and enzyme activities in comparison to mudflat and vegetated mudflat sediments due to very high salinity, ionic concentrations and devoid of vegetation. The present study expands our understanding of microbial resource utilization and adaptations of microorganisms in a hypersaline environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are used for parenteral nutrition, providing a vital source of essential fatty acids and concentrated energy for patients who are unable to absorb nutrients via the digestive track. They are commonly used to treat local and non-local anesthetic toxicity, and lipophilic drug overdose. ILE are composed of natural lipids, and the composition of these natural lipids can be varied based on their source. The lipids are susceptible to hydrolytic degradation with time, resulting various lipid degradation products such as Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPs), affecting the actual composition of nutrients in the formulation. As a result, the identification and quantification of lipid components, including degradation products, in ILEs are crucial in quality control. In this study, lipids from different batches of ILE Intralipid® 20%, were separated and identified using a UHPLC-ESI-QTOF system and SimLipid® high throughput lipid identification software. Out of 47 lipids identified, 34 were phospholipids (PLs) and the others were triacylglycerols (TAGs). Most of the phospholipids detected were phosphatidylcholines (PC) and Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC). A total of 9 LPCs, 18 PCs, 6 phosphoethanolamines (PEs), and 1 sphingomyelin (SM) were identified. The LPCs concentration changed with the manufacturing date and storage time. This UHPLC method enabled the identification and quantification of lipids and their decomposition products in complex ILE emulsion mixtures on a single 20-minute chromatographic run., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The strains designed PP-18 T , JC-4 and JC-7 isolated from soils, were Gram-stain-positive rods, facultative anaerobe, endospore-forming bacteria. The strains produced l-lactic acid from glucose. They showed positive for catalase but negative for oxidase, nitrate reduction and arginine hydrolysis. Strains P-18 T , JC-4 and JC-7 were closely related to Weizmannia coagulans LMG 6326 T (97.27-97.64%) and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078 T (96.46-96.74%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. They contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in cell wall peptidoglycan and had seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids of strain PP-18 T were iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 17:0 , iso-C 16:0 and anteiso-C 15:0 . The ANIb and ANIm values among the genomes of strains PP-18 T , JC-4 and JC-7 are above 99.4% while their ANIb and ANIm values among them and W. coagulans LMG 6326 T and W. acidiproducens KCTC 13078 T were ranged from 76.61 to 79.59%. These 3 strains showed the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 20.7-23.6% when compared with W. coagulans LMG 6326 T and W. acidiproducens DSM 23148 T . The DNA G + C contents of strains PP-18 T , JC-4 and JC-7 were 45.82%, 45.86% and 45.86%, respectively. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphoglycolipids. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and whole-genome analysis indicated that the strains PP-18 T , JC-4 and JC-7 should be represented as a novel species within the genus Weizmannia for which the name Weizmannia acidilactici sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PP-18 T (=KCTC 33974 T  = NBRC 113028 T  = TISTR 2515 T )., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

This work studied the difference in pulp breakdown between two cultivars of longan cv. 'Dongbi' and 'Fuyan' from the aspect of metabolisms of lipid and energy. The results reflected that, compared to 'Fuyan' longan, 'Dongbi' longan had higher levels of energy charge, U/S and IUFA, and higher amounts of USFA, PC, PI, ATP and ADP. Moreover, 'Dongbi' longan exhibited lower levels of SFA, PA, AMP and cell membrane permeability. Also, lower PLD, LOX and lipase activities, but higher ATPase activity, lower pulp breakdown index, and better pulp appearance were exhibited in 'Dongbi' longan. These data revealed that the mitigated pulp breakdown in 'Dongbi' longan was due to the comprehensive coordination of metabolisms in lipid and energy through maintaining a higher level of energy, a higher unsaturation degree of fatty acids, delaying the degradation of phospholipids, and better retaining the membrane structural integrity of microsome and entire cell., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, JC4 T , was isolated from a freshwater sample and determined the taxonomic position. Initial identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JC4 T is affiliated to the genus Mucilaginibacter with a sequence similarity of 97.97% to Mucilaginibacter rigui WPCB133 T . The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain JC4 T and Mucilaginibacter species were estimated below 80.92% and 23.9%, respectively. Strain JC4 T contained summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω 7 c and/or C 16:1 ω 6 c ) and iso-C 15:0 as predominant cellular fatty acids. The dominant polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid, and two unidentified lipids. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain JC4 T was determined to be 42.44%. The above polyphasic evidences support that strain JC4 T represents a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter , for which the name Mucilaginibacter aquariorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC4 T (= KCTC 92230 T = LMG 32715 T ).

Understanding how nanomaterials interact with cell membranes has important implications for ecotoxicology and human health. Here, we investigated the interactions between graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 , CN) and red blood cells, a plausible contact target for nanoparticles when they enter the bloodstream. Through a hemolysis assay, the cytotoxicity of CN derived from different precursors was quantitatively assessed, which is highly related to the surface area of CN. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation detection confirmed that CN causes rapid cell membrane rupture by a physical interaction mechanism rather than ROS-related chemical oxidation. Dye leakage assay and theoretical simulation indicated that the less-layered CN is prone to folding inward to wrap and extract lipid molecules from cell membranes. The electron-rich inherent pores of CN play a dominant role in capturing the headgroups of phospholipids, whereas the hydrophobic interaction is critical for the anchoring of lipid tails. Our further experimental evidence demonstrated that the destructive extraction of phospholipids from cell membranes by CN occurs primarily in the outer leaflet, and phosphatidylcholine is the most easily extracted lipid. Moreover, the formation of protein corona on CN was found to decrease the nonspecific interactions but increase steric repulsion, thus mitigating CN cytotoxicity. Overall, our data provide a molecular basis for CN's cytotoxicity.

A Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated YIM B02556 T , was isolated from the root of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis collected from Yunnan Province, southwest China. By using a polyphasic approach, its taxonomic position was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM B02556 T belonged to the genus Azospirillum and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain YIM B02556 T to the type strains of members of this genus ranged from 94.9 to 98.3%. Overall genome relatedness index (OGRI) analysis estimated based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between YIM B02556 T and other Azospirillum species type strains were <90.8% and <37.8%, lower than the limit of species circumscription. Cells of the strain were characterized as oxidase- and catalase-positive, with motility provided by flagella. The growth conditions of the strain were found to occur at 20-40 °C (optimum, 35 °C), and pH 6.0-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5). Strain YIM B02556 T can tolerate 2% NaCl concentration. Strain YIM B02556 T contained Q-10 as the major ubiquinone. The major fatty acids were C 18:1 ω7c and summed feature three (C 16:1 ω7c and/or C 16:1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on polyphasic analysis, strain YIM B02556 T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from recognized species of the genus Azospirillum. Therefore, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Azospirillum endophyticum is proposed. The type strain is YIM B02556 T (=JCM 34631 T =CGMCC 1.18654 T )., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Bacteria in the genus Arthrobacter have been found in extreme environments, e.g. glaciers, brine and mural paintings. Here, we report the discovery of a novel pink-coloured bacterium, strain QL17 T , capable of producing an extracellular water-soluble blue pigment. The bacterium was isolated from the soil of the East Rongbuk Glacier of Mt. Everest, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain QL17 T was most closely related to the species Arthrobacter bussei KR32 T . However, compared to A.bussei KR32 T and the next closest relatives, the new species demonstrates considerable phylogenetic distance at the whole-genome level, with an average nucleotide identity of <85 % and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization of <30 %. Polyphasic taxonomy results support our conclusion that strain QL17 T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter . Strain QL17 T had the highest tolerance to hydrogen peroxide at 400 mM. Whole-genome sequencing of strain QL17 T revealed the presence of numerous cold-adaptation, antioxidation and UV resistance-associated genes, which are related to adaptation to the extreme environment of Mt. Everest. Results of this study characterized a novel psychrotolerant Arthrobacter species, for which the name Arthrobacter antioxidans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is QL17 T (GDMCC 1.2948 T =JCM 35246 T ).