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El caso trata acerca de la estrategia que Amarilo S.A.S definió y ejecutó a partir de 2009 para crecer, aprovechar las oportunidades del mercado y responder de la mejor manera a los cambios del entorno durante los siguientes 10 años. Dicha estrategia llevó a la compañía a sobrepasar a sus competidores en ingresos hasta lograr ser el número uno en ventas a partir del año 2016. Amarilo es una empresa del sector de la construcción, principalmente de viviendas que se ha caracterizado por innovar en sus procesos, en el servicio al cliente y en buscar la mejor calidad de sus productos. En 2009, en cabeza de su Presidente Roberto Moreno, la compañía decidió replantear su estrategia con el propósito de aprovechar la oportunidad que brindaba la Ley 1151 de 2007 y posteriormente en la Ley 1469 de 2011, instrumentos que definieron los Macroproyectos de Interés Social Nacional (MISN) y cuyo objetivo es aumentar la oferta de suelos urbanizados para el desarrollo de programas de vivienda de interés social y prioritario (VIS – VIP), especialmente en los municipios y distritos del país que concentran un importante déficit habitacional y donde se han encontrado dificultades para disponer de suelo para el desarrollo de los programas VIS - VIP (Ministerio de Vivienda, 2020). Para ejecutar la estrategia, lograron vincular en 2009 a PSP Investments como inversionista con un monto de US$150 millones. Esta alianza estratégica contribuyó a fortalecer el modelo de negocios de la organización. Con estos factores a favor, diseñaron la estrategia de redefinición de la experiencia del cliente, ampliando la oferta de la compañía a un nuevo segmento del mercado que estaba cubierto por algunos de sus competidores a menor escala. Adicionalmente, en 2013 dicha estrategia permitió hacer frente a situaciones posteriores que limitaron el espacio urbanizable en Bogotá, expandiendo su operación a otras ciudades en Cundinamarca, Meta y la Costa Atlántica. Otro hito importante que complementa la estrategia diseñada en 2009 fue el cambio de nombre y por ende el surgimiento de la marca Amarilo en 2004, para transmitir a los clientes confianza, credibilidad y lo más importante una nueva experiencia del cliente. Fue un cambio innovador en la industria de la construcción de viviendas que se aprovechó al máximo y se capitalizó con la estrategia de 2009. Como áreas clave para estructurar la estrategia, el caso muestra la participación de Planeación Financiera y Mercadeo que aportaron con diferentes acciones para el logro de los objetivos que se trazaba la compañía y superar los retos que se presentaban. The case is about the strategy that Amarilo S.A.S defined and executed since 2009 to grow, take advantage of market opportunities and respond in the best way the changes in the environment over the next 10 years. This strategy led the company to surpass its competitors in revenue until it reached number one in sales as of 2016. Amarilo is a company in the construction sector, mainly housing, which has been characterized by innovating in its processes, in customer service and in seeking the best quality of its products. In 2009, at the head of its President Roberto Moreno, the company decided to rethink its strategy in order to take advantage of the opportunity provided by Law 1151 of 2007 and later by Law 1469 of 2011, instruments that defined the Macro-Projects National Social Interest (MNSI) and whose objective is to increase the supply of urbanized land for the development of housing programs of social interest and priority (VIS - VIP), especially in the municipalities and districts of the country that concentrate a significant housing deficit and where difficulties have been encountered to have land for the development of VIS - VIP programs (Ministry of Housing, 2020). To execute the strategy, they managed to link PSP Investments as an investor in 2009 with an amount of US $ 150 million. This strategic alliance contributed to strengthening the organization's business model. With these factors in favor, they designed the strategy of redefining the customer experience, expanding the company's offer to a new market segment that was covered by some of its smaller-scale competitors. Additionally, in 2013 this strategy allowed to face later situations that limited the urbanizable space in Bogotá, expanding its operation to other cities in Cundinamarca, Meta and the Atlantic Coast. Another important milestone that complements the strategy designed in 2009 was the name change and therefore the emergence of the Amarilo brand in 2004, to transmit trust, credibility and most importantly a new customer experience. It was an innovative change in the home building industry that was fully exploited and capitalized on the 2009 strategy. As key areas to structure the strategy, the case shows the participation of Financial Planning and Marketing that contributed with different actions to achieve the objectives set by the company and overcome the challenges that arose. Magíster en Administración de Empresas Maestría

Microgrids enable distribution of electricity with higher shares of variable renewables, higher power quality, greater reliability and higher efficiency. There are a large number of factors in addition to the technology, which affect their shift towards market competitiveness and widespread adoption. The PESTEL framework, covering Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Environmental and Legislative factors, is used to identify and describe the drivers and barriers for microgrid development at the global level. The framework enables a broader approach to describe potential for microgrid applications. The results aim to provide engineers, project developers and microgrid specialists with an overview of the prospects for microgrid deployment.

Masteroppgave i innovasjon og ledelse, Høgskulen på Vestlandet, campus Bergen Da vi startet prosessen med å skrive denne masteroppgaven avdekket vi en unik mulighet for å utvikle en svært spennende oppgave ulik alle andres – med stor nyhetsverdi. Denne eksplorative multiple case-studien tar for seg hvordan innovasjonsselskaper i medieklyngen i Bergen forholder seg til kunstig intelligens. På grunn av fenomenets kompleksitet og mangel på tidligere forskning gikk vi bredt ut for å forsikre oss om at vi fikk belyst og dekket relevante områder. Gjennom denne iterative prosessen avdekket vi fire særlig interessante elementer i selskapene sine forretningsmodeller; verdiforslag, inntektsstrømmer, nøkkelaktiviteter og nøkkelpartnere. Videre så vi at det var relevant å undersøke dette i lys av selskapenes omgivelser. Vi valgte derfor å også fokusere på teknologiske omgivelser fra PESTEL-rammeverket, samt søylene i de institusjonelle omgivelsene. Målet har vært å avdekke hvordan disse innovasjonsselskapene forholder seg til kunstig intelligens og hva de vektlegger i omgivelsene, samt hvordan de håndterer dette, i tillegg til å belyse hvordan kunstig intelligens benyttes i selskapenes forretningsmodeller. Gjennom en rekke intervjuer med følgende case-selskaper; IBM, TV 2, Vimond og Mjoll, samt intervjuer med NCE Media, Departementenes sikkerhets- og serviceorganisasjon og Beat Technology, avdekket vi at krefter i de teknologiske omgivelsene presser på for endringer – samtidig som at krefter i de institusjonelle omgivelsene bremser graden av adopsjon av innovativ teknologi som kunstig intelligens. Videre fant vi at dette dilemmaet kan håndteres gjennom forretningsmodellinnovasjon. Samtlige case-selskaper benytter seg av kunstig intelligens av typen maskinlæring, til tross for at maskinlæringen på langt nær er optimal per i dag. Den forbedres imidlertid hurtig. Det er avgjørende at bruk av slik teknologi ikke skaper demokratiske utfordringer og at den håndteres i tråd med normer og verdier som tillit og troverdighet samt regelverk som GDPR. Selskapene legger til rette for økt forskning og utvikling samt adopsjon av maskinlæring gjennom FMI ved økt fokus på fleksibilitet og forbedringer i eksempelvis aktiviteter, samarbeid og prosjekter. MOØ300

Halite er et selskap som har spesialisert seg på å produsere vanntette bager for det profesjonelle markedet, for eksempel Forsvaret. Denne oppgaven er en makroanalyse for å evaluere og analysere eksterne rammefaktorer som vil gjøre seg gjeldene i Halites arbeid med å få innpass i det amerikanske markedet. I lys av dette gjennomføres det en analyse for å kartlegge styrker, svakheter, muligheter og trusler for Halite. For analysen er det formulert følgende problemstilling: En makroanalyse av markedet, mulighetene og truslene for Halite i USA - Hvordan kan Halite få innpass i det amerikanske markedet? For å svare på problemstillingen, er det benyttet PESTEL-analyse som verktøy for å kartlegge politiske, økonomiske, sosiale, teknologiske, miljømessige og juridiske rammefaktorer. For å kartlegge Halites styrker, svakheter, muligheter og trusler er det benyttet SWOT-analyse. Videre er det gjennomført intervjuer av nøkkelpersonell i Halite for å få innsikt i selskapet, herunder hvilke vurderinger de har gjort frem til nå. Dette har gitt informasjon om Halites strategiske valg og profil, og har vært viktige aspekter i analysen og for å kunne svare på problemstillingen. Hovedfunnet er at flere forhold på makronivå ligger godt til rette for at Halite kan få innpass i det amerikanske markedet. Blant annet er det gode muligheter i det militære markedet gjennom anbudsprosesser som ikke påvirkes av at Halites produksjon foregår i Kina. Siden Halites ressurssituasjon er begrenset, bør Halite vurdere hvordan bruk av profesjonelle tredjeparter kan veie opp for manglende intern kompetanse på diverse amerikanske forhold, slik som anbudsprosesser. Halite besitter spesiell kompetanse og egenutviklede produksjonsverktøy som bidrar til å gjøre produktene deres unike. I tillegg har flere av de ansatte relevant bakgrunn og brukserfaring, samt et stort nettverk i det amerikanske Forsvaret, og i ekspedisjonsmiljøer. Dette er fortrinn som Halite bør utnytte i arbeidet med å få innpass i det amerikanske markedet. Samtidig bør Halite vurdere å øke mangfoldet på eiersiden slik at bredden i styrets utdanning og kunnskap på relevante områder styrkes. Dette vil legge til rette for at Halite prioriterer riktig i en fase hvor Halite satser mot det amerikanske markedet.

Master's thesis in Industrial Asset Management It has been evident to the market that there is a desperate need for environmental-friendly industrial heat pumps that could deliver heat above 150ºC, as this is the highest temperature today's heat pumps can deliver. This is why Olvondo Technology decided to develop a high-tech heat pump that reduces emissions by using waste heat with electricity to create a high-temperature process steam up to 200ºC. Olvondo is now looking at the opportunity to take the unique high-tech industrial heat pump one step out of Norway and Scandinavia and expand to the European market. This thesis will therefore explore how Olvondo can scale up its operational capacity to succeed in an international market. This research is divided into two parts; a PESTEL analysis that looks at drivers and barriers by entering the European market, and by looking at Olvondo's internal resources and how to steer the company towards growth. To succeed, a strategic business plan is required on how the company will evaluate the various activities in their value chain up to growth and what is needed from external resources. The internationalization to a new country or market is influenced by several factors in the country/region's macro-environment. These factors can affect sales both positively and negatively, and it is important to be aware of these before entering the market. The study of the EU's macro-environment shows that several factors are helping Olvondo succeed in its sales in Europe. There are good trade agreements with Norway and HighLift is something that the industry needs for several reasons. Due to the EU's mandatory reduction of CO2 emissions from industry, HighLift is an ideal product for industry firms to invest in to achieve this goal. In a successful internationalization process, companies are required to have knowledge of the foreign market and insight into a particular country or region's market. This knowledge can be acquired through building relationships with local businesses in the target market. Forming a strategic alliance is a way of working with local businesses to gain regional market expertise and sell a product to a new market simply and effectively. For a faster and more efficient way of entering the European market, the research shows that Olvondo should form alliances with different distributors in Europe. Various tasks in Olvondo's value chain will then be outsourced to alliance partners depending on what resources they have to complete. This will contribute to a more efficient sales process where each party will each benefit from the cooperation in its own way. This thesis will also investigate how Olvondo should organize themselves to prepare for this cooperation through cross-border alliances.

Purpose This study aims to increase the understanding of digital platform businesses and business model innovation in two-sided markets. Design/methodology/approach A new business model canvas tool was created through abductive reasoning and a real-life case study. The case was a unique driving school digital platform that belongs to employee and professional service platforms. Findings The proposed business model canvas is based on Scholten’s canvas (2016) for platform businesses and complements it by acknowledging changes in people’s values and macro-environmental factors as new elements. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) The study is limited to an exemplary case of a driving school digital platform. However, the results and the novel canvas tool can be applied to innovating business models for digital service platforms in many industries. Originality/value The novelty of the study is derived from the insights created by the case study and the new tool that helps platform businesses innovate in two-sided markets. Keywords: digital business model; two-sided market; canvas; value proposition; values; PESTEL, Journal of Business Models, Vol. 8 No. 3 (2020): Journal of Business Models

Emprendimiento Este trabajo se realiza con el fin de crear una empresa legalmente constituida que produzca, comercialice y distribuya en la ciudad de Bogotá bolsas de polietileno, para esto se determinan una serie de etapas los cuales permitirán el desarrollo adecuado de este plan de emprendimiento, dichos objetivos son; estudio de mercado, estudio técnico, estudia administrativo - legal y el estudio financiero que denotara si el proyecto tiene gran rentabilidad. Pregrado Ingeniero Industrial INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. ESTUDIO DE MERCADO 3. ESTUDIO TECNICO 4. ESTUDIO ADMINISTRATIVO Y LEGALES 5. ESTUDIO FINANCIERO 6. CONCLUSIONES 7. RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA ANEXOS

Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15, 2(July-December)2020, 95-107

Resumo: O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a geração da energia eólica no Brasil. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de SWOT para verificar a situação atual da fonte eólica, contando com a análise PESTEL, aplicando a escala Likert. A fonte apresenta-se como interessante e importante energia para o Brasil, com características naturais favoráveis para realização do investimento. Abstract: The present study has as objective to analyze the generation of wind energy in Brazil. Therefore, the SWOT method was used to verify the current situation of the wind energy source, including on the PESTEL analysis, applying the Likert scale. The source presents as an interesting and important energy for Brazil, having favorable natural characteristics to realize the investment. Résumé: La présente étude vise à analyser la production d’énergie éolienne au Brésil. A cet effet, la méthode SWOT a été utilisée pour vérifier la situation actuelle de la source d’énergie éolienne, en se basant sur l’analyse PESTEL, en appliquant l’échelle Likert. La source se présente comme une énergie intéressante et importante pour le Brésil, avec des caractéristiques naturelles favorables à la réalisation de l’investissement. Resumen: El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de analizar la generación de la energía eólica en Brasil. Para ello, se utilizó el método de SWOT para verificar la situación actual de la fuente eólica, incluso el análisis PESTEL, aplicando la escala Likert. La fuente se presenta como interesante e importante energía para Brasil, con características naturales favorables para la realización de la inversión.

The creation of pathways toward a societal transition to clean energy requires the engagement of multiple stakeholders with different and sometimes conflicting interests. In this connection, stakeholder analysis (SA) offers a technique for identifying, assessing and structuring different needs, interests and concerns related to different stakeholders within the context of sustainability. This article aims to present the findings from a qualitative stakeholder analysis (QSA) by using a thematic network approach (TNA), with the help of the ATLAS.ti software. It focuses on Project X, which was aimed at engaging multiple stakeholders and creating favorable conditions for small and medium-sized companies in a region situated in the central part of Sweden, with the potential to start biogas production. In this work, the findings and discussions of the QSA using TNA are structured by using the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) themes of the model. The present study concludes that for the small-scale biogas industry to successfully develop an understanding of the possibilities of the biogas value chain, it is necessary to have analyzed the nature of the main themes by which various stakeholders relate to biogas production and envision their contribution to creating a sustainable society. Herein, we demonstrate that QSA by a TNA, combined with the application of a PESTEL model, are valuable analytical tools in sustainable project management. The lessons from Project X can be applied to other local biogas initiatives, as many identified threats and opportunities are shared by others.

Resume L’objectif de cet article est de proposer les principaux facteurs d’attractivite des investisseurs etrangers dans les secteurs manufacturiers et logistiques de la ville de Tanger au Maroc. Notre modele conceptuel a ete elabore a partir d’une revue de litterature et d’entretiens avec un echantillon de dirigeants des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) etrangeres. Notre analyse empirique est realisee a partir des donnees issues d’une enquete menee aupres des dirigeants des entreprises etrangeres (manufacturieres et logistiques) installees a la ville de Tanger. L’utilisation de l’approche Partial least squares (PLS) nous a permis de tester les liens de causalite entre les divers facteurs politiques, economiques, sociaux, technologiques, environnementaux et juridiques (Pestel). L’interet scientifique de notre modele est de presenter aux decideurs de la ville de Tanger des recommandations afin d’ameliorer le developpement et l’attractivite des investissements etrangers dans les deux secteurs logistique et manufacturier.

Natural gas reserves have been recently found offshore of Cyprus. Hence, a new energy sector is under development, creating potential for raised welfare for the small insular EU member. Several social and economic benefits could be achieved from the resources’ exploitation. However, natural gas is a non-renewable energy source, connected with the major environmental issues of fossil fuels. The research goal of this work was to evaluate the sustainability of the new hydrocarbons sector. This was attained using a set of indicators, developed from the combination of PESTEL (Political, Economic, Technical, Social, Environmental, Legal) and SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analyses. These were quantified using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weighting method. They were pairwise compared and evaluated, resulting to a size for each one. The judgements of four evaluators, representing diverse interested parties, were used. The strengths and opportunities of the sector were found to be more than the weaknesses and threats. The relevant indicators quantification demonstrates also that the value of the positives is higher than the negatives. Therefore, if the first are enhanced and the latter are mitigated, there is sustainability potential. The sectors environmental issues are evaluated as the most important, followed by the economic. The other takes lower but comparatively significant values, and must be handled accordingly. These results lead to useful conclusions and could be exploited for decision-making and policies formulation.

The article analyses various aspects pertaining to international marketing. In this regard the potential market entry in Morocco of a UK based electronics appliance manufacturer is analyzed. The article further provides analysis of marketing planning tools such as PESTEL to identify the focal company’s potential and opportunity that lies in the market. In addition, the research explored whether the electronic manufacturer should consider direct entry method such as equity investment.

Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Constanta, taking into account economic, social, and environmental conditions. Additionally, we attempted to build a model based on the data available. The model was developed using a PESTEL analysis to determine the supportability factor of the indicators identified. We also set out to create a projection of the activities proposed for analysis by 2050. To create a model for coastal areas, the data used in this research must be accurate and consistent. Furthermore, correctly identifying indicators and their relationships is a critical step in conducting a thorough study. Last but not least, finding the calculation coefficient for the activity in question is critical, as collecting data from various activities might be challenging when trying to find a feasible model.

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Llengua Anglesa per al Comerç Internacional. Codi: SAR016. Curs: 2017/2018 Being international in our increasingly globalised world is today a necessary challenge for many companies. This project is aimed at studying the suitability of creating and materialising an internationalisation plan for the Spanish company Dulcesol in order to try to develop all its potential in foreign markets, and particularly in Germany. Therefore, in order to analyse whether the German market is suitable for the company and how to proceed, different frameworks’ analyses have been considered as a departure point: the SWOT: TOWS (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) to determine the company’s internal and external factors; The PESTEL to analyse the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal aspects of the country; The competitive benchmarking to understand the competitors, and finally, the CAGE (Cultural, Administrative, Geographical and Economic) analysis to comprehend the distance between both countries. On the basis of this market analysis on the suitability and feasibility of establishing Dulcesol in Germany, an international plan proposal has been designed and developed with a focus on possible entry modes. The results show that an internationalisation plan on a neighbouring country is possible as well as advisable and highlight the convenience of “transcending borders” in order to adapt to current global trends.

The current study considering the effect of external and internal factors on the performance of the two leading Technology Corporations, Samsung and Apple, based in analysis of their Financial Information. Initially, models like PORTER, PESTEL, SWOT along with the theory of Cost-Leadership and Diversification are used to perform a complete analysis / stressing of the strategies used by these companies and the way they can succeed building an competitive advantage compared to their competitors. Furthermore, utilising the unified financial statements, a financial and accounting study is conducted on these two companies comparing them with each other. The main conclusion of the study is that according to the strategic policies of the companies, their financial characteristics / performance vary significantly, as described by considering the results of the financial ratios. Samsung seems to be superior in terms of solvency and liquidity while Apple is performing better at operational level and profitability. Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει την επίδραση που έχουν οι εξωτερικοί και ενδοεπιχειρησιακοί παράγοντες στην απόδοση των δύο εταιριών ηγετών της τεχνολογίας, της Samsung και της Apple, αναλύοντας τη χρηματοοικονομική πληροφόρηση αυτών των δύο εταιριών. Αρχικά μέσα από τα μοντέλα PORTER, PESTEL και SWOT αλλά και των θεωριών ηγεσίας κόστους και διαφοροποίησης γίνεται μια πλήρη ανάλυση / εξέταση των στρατηγικών των εταιριών και το πώς μπορούν να επιτύχουν ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα. Στη συνέχεια με τη χρήση των ενοποιημένων οικονομικών καταστάσεων γίνεται λογιστική και χρηματοοικονομική ανάλυση των δύο εταιριών αλλά και σύγκριση μεταξύ τους. Τα βασικά συμπεράσματα στα οποία καταλήγει η μελέτη είναι πως ανάλογα με τις στρατηγικές πολιτικές των εταιριών, τα χρηματοοικονομικά τους χαρακτηριστικά / επιδόσεις, όπως περιγράφονται από τα αποτελέσματα των χρηματοοικονομικών δεικτών, ποικίλουν. Φαίνεται η Samsung να υπερτερεί σε θέματα φερεγγυότητας και ρευστότητας ενώ η Apple σε λειτουργικό επίπεδο και στη κερδοφορία. Completed

MPhil, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus This article explores Thomas Kuhn‟s philosophy of paradigms and paradigm shifts in relation to the long-term sustainability of contemporary manufacturing businesses. The research would aim to explore the following four areas of interest: Firstly, to define the nature and role of paradigms and paradigm shifts, according to Kuhn. Secondly, to argue that paradigms and paradigm shifts, as defined by Kuhn, do occur in business management. Thirdly, to determine that, if some differences are present, the observable paradigms and paradigm shifts in business management do not differ dramatically from paradigms and paradigm shifts as defined by Kuhn. Lastly, to determine how the presence of paradigms and paradigm shifts in business management can positively influence the long-term sustainability of contemporary manufacturing businesses. Masters

Diseñar la viabilidad técnica de un servicio público de transporte mixto para la Vereda Ibáñez del municipio de Agua de Dios Cundinamarca. El presente estudio de viabilidad técnica se base en la creación de un modelo de transporte público rural para la vereda Ibáñez del municipio de Agua de Dios Cundinamarca, principalmente por la problema que tiene la vereda al no contar con un transporte legal que facilite la movilización de los habitantes del sector hacia el casco urbano y veredas aledañas y también el transporte de los productos agropecuarios que se cultivan en la zona y se comercializan en el casco urbano, generando así un problema de movilidad para la región, con la finalidad de mejorar el transporte y la comercialización de mercancía y el fácil acceso a la vereda mejorando así tener un impacto favorable en la económica de los agricultores y comerciantes. El proyecto se desarrolló metodológicamente a través de una matriz PESTEL donde se evaluó el entorno de los aspectos políticos, económicos, sociales, tecnológicos, ecológicos y legales, proporcionándonos así una perspectiva global de cómo se encuentra la región en temas de transporte. Por lo anterior se realizaron entre otras cosas entrevistas semi estructuradas a los habitantes y líderes de la vereda Ibáñez para conocer su punto de vista frente a la situación actual y asi mismo al impacto que tendría la implementación de este proyecto. De esta manera se pudo concluir que es viable tener un sistema de transporte mixto en la vereda Ibáñez que mejora la comercialización de productos y facilita el transporte de los habitantes de la vereda por medio de la creación de rutas en horarios establecidos que cubran la necesidad de transporte de toda la región. The present technical feasibility study is based on the creation of a rural public transport model for the Ibáñez village of the municipality of Agua de Dios Cundinamarca, mainly due to the problem of the path because it does not have a legal transport that facilitates the mobilization of the inhabitants of the sector towards the urban area and surrounding sidewalks and also the transport of the agricultural products that are cultivated in the area and are commercialized in the urban helmet, generating therefore a problem of mobility for the region, with the purpose of improving the transport and the commercialization of merchandise and the easy access to the path, thus improving the economic impact of the farmers and merchants. The project was developed methodologically through a PESTEL matrix where the environment of political, economic, social, technological, ecological and legal aspects was evaluated, thus providing us with a global perspective of how the region is in transport issues. For this reason, semi-structured interviews were conducted among the inhabitants and leaders of the Ibáñez village to find out their point of view regarding the current situation and the impact that the implementation of this project would have. In this way it was possible to conclude that it is feasible to have a mixed transport system in the Ibáñez village that improves the commercialization of products and facilitates the transportation of the inhabitants of the village through the creation of routes at established times that cover the need of transportation of the entire region.

The present paper is the first to conceptually assess the viability of mass timber construction (MTC) as an alternative construction material/method in Australia. It fulfills an identified need to examine an innovative construction process providing much needed information concerning the technologies current position and future disruption to traditional construction methods. A common tool used in business management studies, the PESTEL model, Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal is employed to provide structure for a strategic analysis of the technology. Mass timber construction clearly demonstrates some advantages including cost savings, primarily in the reduction in on-site labour costs; a lower environmental impact and use of a renewable resource; and possibility of improved amenity and reduced running costs for owners and occupiers. The estimated market potential for MTC in Australia indicates that a local plant might be viable as the market grows, and warrants funding to underpin a full feasibility assessment.

Čebelarstvo je ena izmed tradicionalnih in najstarejših dejavnosti v Sloveniji in se po Uredbi o standardni klasifikaciji šteje za kmetijsko dejavnost. Produkti, ki nastajajo v okviru omenjene dejavnosti, se uporabljajo na različnih področjih, med drugim tudi v prehrani, kozmetiki in naravni medicini. Tema, ki jo obravnavamo v diplomskem seminarju, je analiza trga dejavnosti čebelarstva v Sloveniji. Analiza trga pomeni raziskavo trga ter dejavnikov, ki kakor koli vplivajo na dogajanja na trgu. Ker menimo, da se dejavnost čebelarstva vedno bolj razvija, smo se odločili za analizo tovrstne panoge. Cilji našega diplomskega seminarja so: raziskovati tradicijo slovenskega čebelarstva, predstaviti njegovo zgodovino ter opredeliti trenutno stanje v panogi. Trg čebelarstva smo analizirali s pomočjo uporabe treh najpogostejših analiz, ki smo jih opredelili s teoretičnega vidika. PESTEL analiza je namenjena preučevanju političnih, gospodarskih, družbeno-kulturnih, tehnoloških, ekoloških in pravnih dejavnikov. Z njo smo ugotovili, kako ti dejavniki vplivajo na širše okolje panoge. Menimo, da sprememba kmetijske politike na področju izobraževanja čebelarjev predstavlja priložnost za panogo, enako velja za subvencije iz evropskega proračuna, na ekonomskem področju pa nam nevarnost predstavljajo tuji konkurenti, saj vstopajo na naš trg ter konkurirajo z nižjimi cenami. Ohranjanje tradicije čebelarjenja je priložnost v socio-kulturnem okolju, po drugi strani pa pojav nove tehnologije in inovacij predstavlja priložnost v tehnološkem okolju. Za analizo smo uporabili tudi Porterjev model konkurence, ki je namenjen oceni privlačnosti panoge. Sestavljen je iz petih silnic: nevarnosti vstopa novih ponudnikov, rivalstva med obstoječimi podjetji, nevarnosti substitutov, pogajalske moči kupcev ter pogajalske moči dobaviteljev. Z njegovo pomočjo smo ugotovili, da se tuja konkurenca vedno bolj pojavlja na domačem trgu, sicer pa se povečuje tudi konkurenca med obstoječimi proizvajalci. Najpogostejša oblika konkurence je ponujanje nižjih cen za iste produkte, kar daje posledično večjo pogajalsko moč kupcem. Naredili smo še SWOT analizo, katere cilj je ugotavljanje prednosti in slabosti ter priložnosti in nevarnosti. Na podlagi rezultatov, pridobljenih z omenjenima analizama, smo prišli so sklepa, da je panoga čebelarstva privlačna za nove konkurente. Beekeeping is one of the traditional and oldest activities in lovenia and it is consideret as agricultural activity according to regulation on standard classification. Products , that occur in activity are used in differend other fields, among others also in diet or natural medicine. Subject that we deal with, is the market analysis of beekeeping products in Slovenia. Market analysis represents research of market and its factors that influence activities on market in any way. Because in our oppinion , the activity of beekeeping is developing, we decided to analyse it. Our goal is to research the tradition of Slovene beekeeping, to present its history and to define current situation in Beekeeping. We analysed the market of beekeeping with the use of three most commonest analyses, that we also defined from theorethical point of view. Pest analysis is a tool that helps to analyse political, economic, socio-cultural, tehnological, ecologiccal and legal changes in business environnent. With the results of PESTEL analysis we defined the inflience of these factors on wider environment of Beekeeping. In our opinion the change of agricultural policy on field of educatuion of beekeepers is presenting the opportunity, also the subventions from European budget. On the other side we have foregin rivals entering our market and offering lower prices for products, which presents threats on the economic environment. Maintaing the tradition of slovenian beekeeping is presenting opportunity in socio-cultural environment and appearance of new tehnology and innovation in tehnological environment. The next analysis we used is Porters diamond and it consists of five elements such as risk of enetring new rivals, rivalry between existing companies, risk of substitutes, negotiating capability of customers and negotiation ability of supliers. With Porters diamond we found out that foregin rivalry is appearing on our market increasingly. Also the rivalry among existent producers is increasing. The most common form of rivalrly is offering lower prices fort he same products, which is giving negotiating ability of customers. Another analysis that we made is SWOT analysis, which is a tool to understand Strenghts and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. According to the results of these analyses we have made, we have oppinion that beekeeping is a field that is still full of opportunities for new rivals.

Sustainability assessment of resource recovery from waste is an important prerequisite for informed and sound decision-making. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) has been developed to support this process, yet its use is still constrained by the difficulty of identifying the most relevant impact parameters. This paper, seeks to inform LCSA for resource recovery from waste based on a parameter identification approach that uses the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) analysis. The novelty of this approach lies in the structured conceptualisation of the resource recovery system and the context within which decisions are made. The anaerobic digestion of source-separated food waste in the UK is used as a case study to trial and demonstrate the approach. Findings suggest that a conceptual, qualitative analysis, although limited in its scope due to the lack of quantitative components, is suitable in integrating different parameters, allowing for a holistic conceptualisation of the system and capturing important issues that could be easily overlooked. This type of analysis can summarise the key interdependencies, contrast the trade-offs and provide a wider understanding of the political and legal context within which the system operates, all important in extending the implementation of LCSA towards the right direction.

An informed strategy-making process involves strategy analysis to determine the strategic position of the company. In this paper, we investigate the formalization of different frameworks of strategy analysis in order to facilitate the tasks of strategic management. The thus formalized strategic reports can be shared among employees and combined for more holistic analyses. Semantic web technologies serve as the technological foundation, which allows for the expression of strategic questions as queries over the models as well as an integration of external data sets from the semantic web. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the position of Groupe Renault within the current automotive industry with strategic analysis´ tools and methods. These methods of external and internal environment analysis are described in the theoretical part, and then applied to the practical part. Great emphasis is put on the automotive industry and portfolio analysis. Financial analysis in this thesis gives the brief overview of Groupe Renault´s financial situation and factors, that affected final economic results. The last part contains SWOT analysis, which summarizes all individual parts into SWOT matrix and is followed by a summary and recomendations for further development of all brands within Groupe Renault.

Comme dans nombre de pays en développement, l’indice de développement humain et l’état de délabrement du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur au Congo-Brazzaville est un frein à son développement et un facteur d’émigration. Les établissements privés de l’enseignement supérieur se sont substitués, non sans mal, à l’Etat dans la fourniture de ce service publique en même temps qu’ils créent des emplois. C’est le cas de la Haute école Leonard de Vinci, qui bien qu’ayant été créée il ya plus de 11ans de cela, peine à avoir encore aujourd’hui, une situation financière saine lui permettant d’entrer pleinement dans un cycle de croissance puis de maturité. Les situations politique et sécuritaire instables, la crise économique d’un pays pétrolier n’ayant pas diversifié son économie, le manque de soutient des pouvoirs publiques au contraire des contraintes qu’il impose et la concurrence forte, qui plus est pour une petite structure, existant au sein du marché de l’enseignement supérieur requièrent l’élaboration d’une stratégie développement de cette Haute école. Cette stratégie mets l’accent sur la diminution des coûts, l’augmentation des effectifs des étudiants et des revenus des formations en entreprise ainsi le développement et l’approfondissement des partenariats avec les acteurs locaux et les universités régionales. Master [60] en sciences de gestion (horaire décalé), Université catholique de Louvain, 2017

Digitalisation is the most significant technological trend faced globally and has its impact on the transport sector among others. Finland has been in the front line for making use of ICT and digitalisation. This exploratory research paper addresses Finland's transport sector and the digital disruption it is facing. The approach is a mix of quantitative and qualitative research. Descriptive statistics are drawn from national and international data bases to show the inter-relationships between digitalisation and productivity of industries, including the transport sector. Government documents and official plans form another main set of source data. Based on these data, a PESTEL analysis is performed which shows that the challenge posed by digitalisation is somewhat represented in the governmental programmes and mid-term plans of the state agencies. However, some uncovered areas are identified. In particular, the results imply that social aspects of transport sector digitalisation are inadequately addressed. Intermediate results suggest that productivity and digitalisation seem to go hand in hand with a weak correlation, but time series suggest that investments in ICT have not improved productivity of the transport sector to the expected extent. Finland's government is responding to the digital disruption, but the transport sector as a whole is not very strongly represented on the government's agenda. Central agencies are more proactive, however their responses are more techno-economical than social. In sum, the assessment of this study is that most impacts of digitalisation can be considered positive, but not all. Intergovernmental organisations, such as the OECD, have recognised many obvious, wider social challenges of digitalisation that should be reflected more clearly on national policies.

European seas are encountering an upsurge in competing marine activities and infrastructures. Traditional exploitation such as fisheries, tourism, transportation, and oil production are accompanied by new sustainable economic activities such as offshore windfarms, aquaculture, and tidal and wave energy. One proposed solution to overcome possible competing claims at sea lies in combining these economic activities as part of Multi-Use Platforms at Sea (MUPS). MUPS can be understood as areas at sea, designated for a combination of activities, either completely integrated in a platform or in shared marine space. MUPS can potentially benefit from each other in terms of infrastructure, maintenance, etc. Developing MUPS in the marine environment demands adequate governance. In this article, we investigate four European sites to find out how governance arrangements may facilitate or complicate MUPs. In particular, we apply a framework specifying policy, economic, social, technical, environmental, and legal (PESTEL) factors to explore governance arrangements in four case study sites in different sea basins around Europe ( the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, and the Baltic Sea). The article concludes with policy recommendations on a governance regime for facilitating the development of MUPS in the future.

Submitted by Fernanda Weschenfelder (fernanda.weschenfelder@uniceub.br) on 2018-03-01T17:20:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 51400178.pdf: 831349 bytes, checksum: d27abfcd1da012d9edb2738d163c32be (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-01T17:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 51400178.pdf: 831349 bytes, checksum: d27abfcd1da012d9edb2738d163c32be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 O transporte marítimo é um meio de transporte que pode conduzir uma maior quantidade de carga de um lugar para outro, a um preço inferior. Cada vez mais, a navegação marítima se destaca por suas vantagens comparativas em relação a outros modais, tais como, o reduzido índice de poluição do meio ambiente e o custo reduzido para transporte de cargas, em grandes quantidades, por longas distâncias. Neste artigo dá-se uma breve explicação sobre as funções principais da OMI, as definições básicas dos termos navio (e os seus principais componentes) e do porto. Disctem-se as transformações da indústria marítima brasileira, com forte incremento de suas atividades, consequência da atuação direta do Governo Federal. A formação de uma empresa de consultoria no Porto de Santos, que ofereça os serviços de elaboração de estudos que possibilite às empresas estrangeiras fazerem inversões nas áreas de segurança nos portos do Brasil e optarem pela eficiência. O interesse é facilitar aos inversores a análise Pestel da cidade e o Porto de Santos como a melhor ferramenta de monitoramento que pode-se utilizar para obter um quadro completo do ambiente.

The main goal of this bachelor thesis was the implementation of the strategic analysis and further formulation of strategic comments and recommendations for the Air Astana Company. This goal was reached by the identification of the strength and weaknesses of the company and opportunities and threats that can influence the company from the external environment. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part was described the theory of strategic management, strategy and different types of strategic analysis. Whereas the practical part is focused on the application of various types of strategic analysis for the Air Astana Company. In the conclusion were summarized all results of the strategic analysis of the Air Astana Company and provided strategical recommendations.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to define basic methods, which are used for the creation of a business analysis and to apply these methods to a real business. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on an explanation of basic concepts required for the understanding of a given topic and afterwards on individual methods and analyses connected with external and internal analysis of a business: PESTEL analysis, Porters Five Forces Model, classification of internal business resources, financial analysis and SWOT analysis. The content of the practical part is an application of the individual defined methods and analyses in order to create the strategic analysis of HANÁK NÁBYTEK, a. s. The information acquired from the analysis of external and internal environment is summarized in the SWOT analysis. The entire thesis is summarized in the Conclusion chapter, where are on the basis of the results of these analyses provided recommendations.

This diploma thesis aims to analyse the current state of the Chilean business environment and highlight the benefits, opportunities as well as possible threats of the Chilean market for Czech exporters. The work is divided into four chapters. The initial definition of the business environment and the determination of used methods is followed by the actual analysis of the business environment. PESTLE analysis is used to explore the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal environment of the country. The outputs are processed using SWOT analysis. The third chapter focuses on the relationship of the Czech Republic and Chile, and the fourth part contains three case studies designed to identify specific sectors that are promising for Czech exporters.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to define basic methods, which are used for the creation of a business analysis and to apply these methods to a real business. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on an explanation of basic concepts required for the understanding of a given topic and afterwards on individual methods and analyses connected with external and internal analysis of a business: PESTEL analysis, Porter's Five Forces Model, strategic analysis of company's internal environment, financial analysis and SWOT analysis. The content of the practical part is an application of the individual defined methods and analyses to create the strategic analysis of Warhorse Studios, s. r. o. The information acquired from the analysis of external and internal environment is summarized in the SWOT analysis. Recommendations are provided based on the results of these analyses. The entire thesis is summarized in the Conclusion chapter.

Dette studiet har som formål å belyse de potensielle gevinstene ved implementering av MPD, samt studere hvordan nye teknologier kan implementeres på en mest mulig effektiv måte. Implementering av boreteknikken trykkstyrt boring (MPD) kan på norsk sokkel gi en verdiøkning på 7,2 milliarder NOK frem mot 2030. Bruttoverdien, som inkluderer FoU aktiviteter samt leverandørindustriens omsetning, overstiger 22 milliarder NOK. Selv om dokumentasjonen er god på at MPD vil gi mange fordeler, har bransjen utvist skepsis mot å ta den i bruk. Skepsisen skyldes flere ulike grunner, blant annet lite driftssikker teknologi og manglende kunnskap blant både oljeselskaper og leverandører. Det innovative selskapet Siem WIS har utviklet en trykkrelatert kontroll komponent (PCD), som er en av hovedkomponentene i en MPD operasjon. Utstyret har kommet godt ut av omfattende tester og prøveboringer, men kommersialiseringen har ikke gått like fort som eierne av Siem WIS hadde estimert. Selskapet ble opprettet i 2005, og har på grunn av den lange forsknings-, utviklings- og kommersialiseringsfasen, møtt på finansieringsutfordringer underveis. Siem WIS representerer et mangfold av innovative selskaper som av ulike årsaker sliter med å få implementert sine innovasjoner. Samfunnet står i fare for å miste nyttige oppfinnelser og teknologier som potensielt sett kan bidra til økt samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsomhet. For å belyse de potensielle gevinstene ved implementering av MPD har jeg anvendt Rystad rapporten, som er en omfattende nytte- kostnadsanalyse for implementering av MPD på flytende boreinnretning på norsk sokkel. For å studere hvordan ny teknologi kan implementeres på mest mulig effektiv måte er det i studiene gjennomført kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder i form av henholdsvis spørreundersøkelse og semistrukturerte intervjuer. ECON390 MASV-SØK

Farmacevtska industrija velja za uspešno ter zaradi prisotnosti multinacionalk za vplivno panogo, ki vpliva na državne vlade in izraža svojo moč vpliva na zunanje dejavnike okolja. Kljub velikosti in moči podjetij je farmacevtski trg dojemljiv na spremembe globalnega okolja. Spremembe, ki se odvijajo v zunanjem okolju podjetja, vplivajo na organizacijo in delovanje podjetja. Boljše je poznavanje zunanjih dejavnikov, ki imajo vpliv, hitreje in bolje se lahko podjetje nanje odzove ter ohrani uspešno poslovanje ali izkoristi nove priložnosti na trgu. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega seminarja so opredeljena teoretična izhodišča poslovnega okolja ter PEST in PESTEL analize, ki so eno od orodij za analiziranje dejavnikov zunanjega okolja. Natančno so opisane vrste okolja in njihovi elementi, ki vplivajo na podjetje. S pomočjo PESTEL analize smo analizirali dejavnike zunanjega poslovnega okolja podjetja Krka, d. d. Analizirani so tisti dejavniki zunanjega okolja, ki imajo pomemben vpliv na poslovanje podjetja. Z izvedbo PESTEL analize smo ugotovili, da predstavljajo za podjetje naraščajočo nevarnost naslednji dejavniki: stabilnost vlade, kupna moč prebivalstva in brezposelnost. Padajočo nevarnost predstavljajo dejavniki vladne politike za spodbujanje gospodarstva, reforma zdravstva, zahteve delničarjev, gospodarska rast, obseg proizvodnje oz. dodana vrednost, stopnja tveganja revščine, razpoložljivi dohodek gospodinjstev, zakonodaja v Sloveniji kot tudi v EU. Naraščajoče priložnosti v okviru analiziranih socialnih dejavnikov predstavljajo starostna meja in vzorci vedenja potrošnikov ter spremembe zakonodaje kot eden izmed političnih dejavnikov. Absolutno prednost in priložnost podjetja pa predstavljajo okoljski in tehnološki dejavniki: vlaganja v raziskave in razvoj, integriran sistem kakovosti, razvoj izdelkov, intelektualna lastnina, ekološki predpisi, zelene tehnologije in trajnostni razvoj. Farmacevtsko podjetje Krka, d. d., uspešno obvladuje zunanje dejavnike okolja, kar bo konkurenčna prednost tudi v prihodnje. The pharmaceutical industry is regarded as being successful as well as, because of the presence of multinational corporations, an influential industry that has an influence in the government and expresses it’s influential power on external environmental factors. Despite the size and power of pharmaceutical companies, the pharmaceutical market is still sensitive to changes in the global environment. Changes taking place in the company’s external environment have an adverse effect on the company’s organization and operation. The better the company’s knowledge of external factors, which affect it, the faster and better the company can respond to them as well as maintain a successful business or exploit new opportunities on the market. The theoretical part of the thesis defines the theoretical foundations of the business environment as well as the PEST and PESTEL analysis, which are one of the tools for analysing the factors of the external environment. It also accurately describes the types of environments, and their elements, which have an effect on the company. With the help of the PESTEL analysis, we analysed the factors of the external business environment of the company: Krka d.d.. Analysed are the environment’s external factors that have an important influence on the business of the company. With the implementation of PESTEL analysis, we found that the stability of the government, the buying power of the consumers and unemployment pose a rising risk to the company. The decreasing risk factors are represented by the government policy to stimulate the economy, health reforms, shareholder’s requirements, economic growth, range of output, also known as, added value, level of poverty risk, the disposable income of households and the legislation in Slovenia and in the EU. Growing opportunities presented within the frame of analysed social factors are the age limit and consumer behavioural patterns as well as changes in legislation as one of political factors. The absolute advantage and opportunity of the company are represented by environmental and technological factors: investment in research and development, an integrated quality system, product development, intellectual property, ecological requirements, “green” technologies and sustainable development. The pharmaceutical company Krka d.d. successfully manages the external environmental factors, which is a competitive advantage also in the future.

This thesis proposes a decision-making model based on PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) analysis, AHP (Analytical Hierarchical Process), and game theory. The case study used to demonstrate the concept is a 2013 Malaysian crisis wherein foreign intruders occupied a village in Sabah state. The Malaysian government, ultimately, launched a military operation to clear the area. The focus of our study is the decision-making processes of the two rational actors in this case—the Malaysian Prime Minister and the Sultan of Sulu. Game theory and AHP provided structured framework for investigation, particularly in subjective assessment. Each player is assessed by a particular set of criteria independent from the other’s criteria. To support these tools, we analyze available literature to formulate PESTEL attributes, which could affect both parties’ payoffs in the construct. The combined application of these tools—PESTEL analysis, AHP, and game theory—demonstrates how they mitigate each other’s weaknesses. The utility of this model is twofold: (1) it makes the analysis of decisions taken in the past more insightful; and (2) it provides a framework for choosing the optimal course of action when making a decision. http://archive.org/details/simplifyingdecis1094542597 Wing Commander, Pakistan Air Force Major, Royal Malaysian Air Force Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

International audience; L'innovation technologique ou de service, l'internationalisation des marchés, les fusions-acquisitions ou les alliances, le succès de nouveaux modèles organisationnels, la dérégulation des marchés, la nouvelle donne en matière de gouvernance sont autant de facteurs qui remettent en cause l'équilibre concurrentiel des marchés. Dans un tel environnement, l'entreprise doit sans cesse s'adapter pour assurer sa survie. La réalisation d'un véritable diagnostic stratégique est la condition sine qua non de la viabilité des choix des dirigeants. Cet ouvrage propose une mise en pratique des concepts et outils fondamentaux du management stratégique, à travers 14 cas d'entreprises ancrés dans l'actualité des affaires (Bayer, 3M, Nintendo, Areva, GDF, Enron, Clos de Coulaine, iDTGV, Décathlon, Bouygues, Quick, France Télécom-Orange, Fiat-GM, Hitachi).

Globalization opened up immense opportunities in many fields, with countries increasingly integrated and, consequently, contributing for world economic development. There are nations – developed countries – more evolved than others – developing countries, mostly due to the strong control policies, where government agencies play a central role in economy. But these trends are changing and the emerging nations are making advances towards liberalization, privatization and legislative changes. EAGLEs (Emerging And Growth-Leading Economies) is an acronym created by the BBVA Research and designates a group of countries which are considered as emerging countries. It is important to mention that the pertinent report is revised yearly, thus providing an updated analysis and a greater credibility. In 2012, 9 nations were considered EAGLE: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan and Turkey. In this work was made a comparative analysis was made of the countries listed, namely was performed a PESTEL analysis, in order to verify if an EAGLE should be regarded as emerging or advanced country. After a deep examination of 100 important indicators, covering all categories of PESTEL, it came to conclusion that South Korea and Taiwan must be considered as developed and, therefore, must be excluded from EAGLE. Indeed, there are major differences in some topics between 2 EAGLEs (South Korea and Taiwan) vs 7 EAGLEs (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey) and, in order to defend the theory that both countries must be presented as developed, a comparison with other advanded markets, by 2014 International Monetary Fund classification, is take into account in this thesis. A globalização abriu imensas oportunidades em várias áreas, com os países cada vez mais integrados e, consequentemente, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento econômico mundial. Existem nações – países desenvolvidos – mais evoluídos do que outros – países emergentes, principalmente devido às fortes políticas de controlo, onde as agências governamentais desempenham um papel central na economia. Mas estas tendências estão a mudar e as nações emergentes estão a fazer avanços no sentido da liberalização, privatização e mudanças legislativas. EAGLEs (Emerging and Growth-Leading Economies) é um acrônimo criado pelo BBVA Research e designa um grupo de países que são considerados como países emergentes. É importante mencionar que o relatório pertinente é revisto anualmente, proporcionando assim uma análise actualizada e uma maior credibilidade. Em 2012, nove nações foram consideradas EAGLE: Brasil, China, Índia, Indonésia, México, Rússia, Coréia do Sul, Taiwan e Turquia. Neste trabalho foi feita uma análise comparativa aos países indicados,nomeadamente foi realizada a análise PESTEL, a fim de se verificar se um EAGLE deve ser considerado como país emergente ou avançado. Depois de um exame profundo a 100 indicadores importantes, abrangendo todas as categorias de PESTEL, chegou-se à conclusão de que a Coreia do Sul e Taiwan devem ser considerados como desenvolvidos e, portanto, devem ser excluídos dos EAGLEs. De fato, existem grandes diferenças em alguns tópicos entre 2 EAGLEs (Coréia do Sul e Taiwan) contra 7 EAGLEs (Brasil, China, Índia, Indonésia, México, Rússia e Turquia) e, a fim de defender a teoria de que ambos os países devem ser apresentados como desenvolvidos, a comparação com outros mercados desenvolvidos, pela classificação 2014 do Fundo Monetário Internacional, é tido em conta nesta tese.

This study has the goal to show the extreme necessity for a company to have access to information and to explain its weight in the decision making process. It presents how "Pays d’Oc Mobilités" has prepared for its future tenders. The whole preparatory measures are detailed, from the data gathering phase to the hypothesis creation. It has also been decided to include all the limits shown by the study, allowing it to be as complete as possible.; L’étude menée dans ce mémoire a pour but de mettre en exergue l’importance de « l’information » dans la prise de décision de l’entreprise. Elle présente la démarche effectuée par Pays D’Oc Mobilités concernant la préparation d’un appel d’offres. L’ensemble de la phase amont est donc détaillé, de la collecte de données à la réalisation d’hypothèse. Il a également été choisi d’y intégrer les limites qui bornent le projet afin que la présentation de la démarche soit le plus complète et critique possible.

Belgium’s retailing landscape is unique in Europe in numerous ways. This country report presents retailing in Belgium specifically from a managerial perspective. First, the situation in the food- and non-food retail sector is discussed, highlighting some key players, their competitive strategies and results on the Belgian market. Second, Porter’s Five Forces Framework is applied to analyze the competitiveness of the retail industry in Belgium. In particular, we discuss some recent and potential major entrants, such as the large-scale shopping center projects in the region of Brussels. Additionally, the balance of power between retailer and supplier is concretized by analyzing the role of private labels and the price wars that have recently characterized the grocery retail market. The current state of e-commerce in Belgium is presented together with an outlook on online retailing and finally, some key differences in the retail scenery in Flanders, Wallonia, and the Brussels Conurbation are presented.

The financial crisis has had a deep impact on businesses all around the world. This has affected our purchases, both as retailers and as customers. In this thesis I will investigate how the buying behavior has changed, before, during and after the financial crisis with focus on the second hand truck business. I will also investigate which macro environmental factors have affected the buying behavior. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to describe changes in buying behaviors from influence of macro environmental forces. Method: I have used a qualitative method, and as a part of that face to face interviews, to understand and establish a better contact with the respondents. At the selection of companies I have chosen three companies in the second hand truck business, located on the west coast of Sweden. They required to not be mentioned by their name so they are referred to as Company A, B and C. Result and conclusions: The conclusions which can be drawn from this thesis research is that the macro environmental forces which have had a strong impact on the buying behavior after the financial crisis are the political, economical and legal forces. Both retailers’ and customers’ behavior have changed after the financial crisis. After the financial crisis both retailers and customers are more careful on spending their money. They are more informed about quality and their needs, to make better purchases. Retailers avoid building up stocks instead they are purchasing trucks upon requests. The crisis will likely to continue and make a difference for some years to come. Suggestions for further research: A quantitative method would be interesting to add to a qualitative method with many more companies to base the empirical data. Also a qualitative method would be interesting to make upon additional companies. kakazoukis@gmail.com + 0046 738 564844