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The mechanical properties (compressive strength and flexural strength) were investigated under different curing conditions (standard and steam curing). Silica fumes have characteristics that make them necessary in cement composites with ultra strength properties. The search for substitute products thus appears important if the use of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) is to become more widespread in the concrete industry. Possibilities of getting ultra high performance self compacting concrete (UHPSCC) with materials available in Serbia, based on experimental work are discussed in this paper. Four series of samples were made with different types of fine reactive additives (silica fume in referent concrete was replaced with metakaolin at 20% and 40% and with fine fly ash at 20%.). The produced mixes had self compacted consistency. The compressive strength varied between 145 and 180 MPa for the steam cered specimens and between 180 and 205 MPa for the ones that had not been heat treated. Furthermore, this paper presents SEM micrographs of C-S-H phase formed after steam curing and autoclaving.

Isoenzyme polymorphism in 43 standard and 9 autochtonous cultivars which belong to hexaploid plums (Prunus domestica L. and Prunus insititia L.) were studied to determine the possibility of its application in cultivar determination. Five enzyme systems: acid phosphatase (ACP), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate tansaminase (GOT), menadione reductase (MNR) and peroxidase (PRX) were analyzed using the method of vertical electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Four systems (ACP, ADH, GOT and PRX) were polymorphic at six loci. Among the studied cultivars, 19 had unique zymograms, while the remaining 33 cultivars were divided into 12 groups. Cluster analysis was used to construct a dendrogram and on it three clusters with different number of cultivars could be separated. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the studied enzymes could be useful in plum cultivar determination. Better efficiency in cultivar separation was obtained in autochtonous than in standard plum cultivars. Among studied enzymes the most useful in plum cultivar identification was peroxidase., Proučavan je polimorfizam izoenzima kod 43 standardne i 9 autohtonih sorti koje pripadaju grupi heksaploidnih šljiva (Prunus domestica L. i Prunus insititia L.). Analizirano je pet enzimskih sistema: kisele fosfataze (ACP), alkohol dehidrogenaze (ADH), glutamat oksaloacetat transaminaze (GOT), menadion reduktaze (MNR) i peroksidaze (PRX) metodom vertikalne elektroforeze na poliakrilamidnom gelu. Polimorfizam je utvrđen za četiri enzimska sistema (ACP, ADH, GOT i PRX) kod kojih je izdvojeno šest polimorfnih lokusa. Od proučavanih sorti 19 je imalo unikatne zimograme, dok su preostale 33 sorte bile podeljene u 12 grupa. Primenom klaster analize dobijen je dendrogram na kome se mogu izdvojiti tri grupe srodnih sorti. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da proučavani enzimski sistemi mogu biti korisni za identifikaciju sorti šljive. Veća efikasnost u razdvajanju dobijena je kod autohtonih u odnosu na standardne sorte. Među ispitivanim izoenzimima najveći uticaj na razdvajanje sorti šljive su imale peroksidaze.

Self-compatibility in 18 European plum cultivars was examined using the method of fluorescence microscopy. According to selfcompatibility, cultivars were divided into two groups: self-compatible and self-incompatible. In self-compatible cultivars the number of pistils, where pollen tubes reached the base of the style varied from 32.00% (Anna Späth) to 91.18% (Wangenheims Frühzwetsche). Mean number of pollen tubes at the base of style in these cultivars ranged from 0.52 to 3.97. Cultivars were considered self-incompatible if pollen tubes stopped their growth in the style along with forming characteristic swellings at their tips. Of the studied cultivars, 13 were found to be self-compatible: Wangenheims Frühzwetsche, Cacanska Lepotica, Valjevka, California Blue, Cacanska Rodna, Italian Prune, Stanley, Požegaca, Herman, Bluefre, Jelica, Ruth Gerstetter and Anna Späth, while 5 were found to be self-incompatible: Cacanska Rana, Zimmers Frühzwetsche, Cacanska Najbolja, Pacific and President., Kod 18 sorti domaće šljive ispitivana je samooplodnost metodom fluorescentne mikroskopije. Na osnovu samooplodnosti sorte su podeljene u dve grupe: autokompatibilne i autoinkompatibilne. Kod autokompatibilnih sorti broj tučkova kod kojih su polenove cevčice stigle do osnove stubića varirao je od 32,00% (Ana Špet) do 91,18% (Vangenhajmova). Prosečan broj polenovih cevčica u osnovi stubića kod ovih sorti je bio od 0,52 do 3,97. Sorte su smatrane autoinkompatibilnim ako su polenove cevčice zaustavljale rast u stubiću tucka uz formiranje karakterističnih zadebljanja na njihovim krajevima. Među proučavanim sortama 13 su se pokazale kao autokompatibilne: Vangenhajmova, Čačanska lepotica, Valjevka, Kalifornijska plava, Čačanska rodna, Italijanka, Stenli, Požegača, Herman, Blufri, Jelica, Rut geršteter i Ana Špet, a 5 kao autoinkompatibilne: Čačanska rana, Cimerova rana, ČaČanska najbolja, Pacifik i Prezident.

The most important objectives, methods and accomplishments in fruit and grape breeding are showed in this study. Yield, quality and resistance to plant diseases and pests are underlined among numerous breeding aims. Besides, review of specific targets was also listed. The most conventional and new biotechnological breeding methods were described. A lot of accessory methods, which in combination with the conventional ones are contributing faster achievement of set goals, are also mentioned. Accomplishments of many breeding programs showed that planned work contributed creating numerous important cultivars and rootstocks in all fruit and grapevine species. Those cultivars are pushing out the standard ones and replacing them in new plantations. All of this is showing that breeding work throughout the world and in our country should go on, while only new cultivars and rootstocks with high genetic potential can provide, with certain conditions, high income in fruit production and viticulture., U radu su prikazani najvažniji ciljevi, metode i dostignuća u oplemenjivanju voćaka i vinove loze. Među ciljevima oplemenjivanja posebno su istaknuti prinos, kvalitet i otpornost prema izazivačima bolesti i štetočinama. Pored njih dat je i prikaz pojedinih specifičnih ciljeva. Od metoda oplemenjivanja u prvom redu obrađene su konvencionalne i nove metode biotehnologije. Određena pažnja usresređena je i na brojne pomoćne metode, koje u kombinaciji sa konvencionalnim, doprinose bržem ostvarivanju postavljenih ciljeva. Dostignuća mnogih oplemenjivačkih programa pokazala su da su planskim radom na oplemenjivanju stvorene brojne privredno značajne sorte i podloge kod svih vrsta voćaka i vinove loze. Mnoge od njih potiskuju iz proizvodnje standardne sorte i zauzimaju odgovarajuća mesta u novim zasadima. Sve ovo ukazuje da oplemenjivački rad kako u svetu tako i u našoj zemlji treba dalje nastaviti, jer samo nove sorte i podloge velikog genetičkog potencijala mogu, uz odgovarajuće druge uslove, obezbediti visok dohodak u voćarskoj i vinogradarskoj proizvodnji.

The effect of three different temperatures (8, 16 and 24°C) on pollen germination and length of pollen tube in vitro was investigated in four pear cultivars ('Butirra Precoce Morettini', 'Williams', 'Conference' and 'Abate Fetel'). The temperature showed a significant effect on in vitro pollen germination. The highest pollen germination was determined at a temperature of 24°C (53.25%), somewhat lower at 16°C (44.72%) and the lowest at 8°C (23.16%). The temperature effect was significantly more pronounced on the length of pollen tube. Pollen tube length was about three times higher at the temperatures of 16 and 24°C compared to 8°C. The temperature of 8°C was not sufficient for pollen germination and pollen tube growth in pear cultivars. However, temperatures of 16 and 24°C were optimal for pollen germination and pollen tube growth., U ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj tri različite temperature (8, 16 i 24°C) na klijavost polena i dužinu polenovih cevčica kod četiri sorte kruške (Rana Moretinijeva, Vilijamovka, Konferans i Fetelova). Temperatura je ispoljila značajan uticaj na klijavost polena. Najveća klijavost polena je utvrđena na temperaturi od 24°C (53,25%), nešto manja na 16°C (44,72%), a najmanja na 8°C (23,16%). Uticaj temperature je bio znatno više izražen na dužinu polenovih cevčica. Dužina polenovih cevčica je za oko tri puta bila veća na temperaturama od 16 i 24°C u odnosu na 8°C. Temperatura od 8°C nije dovoljna za klijavost polena i rast polenovih cevčica sorti kruške. Međutim, temperature od 16 i 24°C su optimalne za klijavost polena i rast polenovih cevčica.

Contract of mandate is a contract by which one party (the proxy) requires that without or for a fee undertakes certain legal transactions in the name and on behalf of another party (authoriser), which gives authority to the job. The subject of this contract is not material, but a legal transaction. This means that the proxy in the name and for the account of the principal states will, in terms of the conclusion of a specific legal transaction. However, by taking legal work on behalf of the principal, the proxy does not become a creditor or the debtor, but it remains authoriser. In other words, undertaking legal work on behalf of others, means that legal facts organized in this way, or performed legal transactions directly satisfy the principal and at the same time and all of the possible effects that these products belong to the principal legal affairs, since the attorney concluded legal work on behalf of the principal. In modern law the scope of legal activities that can be undertaken through a representative, it is really great and distinct. Today, in contemporary law, accepted rule is that legal issues can take proxies unless law expressly does not prohibit it. For example, the possibility of representation is not permissible in the will. This definition of the term contract authorization point to the fact that this is only one possible way of representation. Representing such a legal relationship on the basis of which a person takes legal affairs in the name and on behalf of another person, based not only on the agreement of the contracting parties but also on other acts, such as the law, the statute of the legal person, court decisions etc. Contract of mandate has its origins in Roman times, and therefore from the Roman law. At the time this contract had certain peculiarities that today, the contemporary law does not recognize. First of all, the old Roman law does not recognize the principle on which basis legal matters can be taken in someone else's name and f

By building a branched state organization (administration, judiciary as well as their constitutional and legal basis) the Constitutionalist Regime (1838-1858) protected interests of commending oligarchy and bureaucracy loyal to it, through stifling the activity of progressing young urban bourgeoisie. A peasant, who became a conservative owner of the land, also wanted strong government and legitimacy in order to protect his private land ownership of requiring and robbery of the commanding oligarchy and bureaucracy. Judiciary primarily had the role of a protector of their interests but in the conditions of young and fragile statehood it manifested serious defects. Defects of the newly constitutionally introduced judiciary regulated by the law as an important element of the state organism manifested themselves in: overloaded courts, slow trials, nonprofessional, so to speak, layman staff, formalism, lack of regulations in the proceedings, accumulation of small cases, court clerks acting like lawyers, etc. That's why the focus of the research, besides presenting three-level organization of judiciary, will be on its functioning and also explaining causes of shortages it manifested in this functioning with the special accent on court independency which could not be realized due to the observed defects.

The interest of the professional public in the field of civil engineering for usage of self-compacting concrete and potentials of implementation of recycled aggregate in making of this type of concrete is on the rise, primarily because of the dwindling reserves of natural raw materials, and because of the increasing amounts of construction rubble and waste. The experimental-theoretical analysis implemented in this dissertation was used to monitor and analyze behaviour of reinforced concrete continuous beams made of self-compacting concrete made from natural (river) aggregate, as well of continuous beams in which the coarse natural aggregate was replaced in varying proportions, with the quality aggregate made of recycled concrete prefabricates. In addition to defining the ultimate strength state, the ultimate serviceability state was verified, while the stress-strain states of the beams and formation of plastic joints was monitored. Comparative analysis of experimental results was conducted, in which continuous beams with varying share of steel reinforcement made of self-compacting concrete with natural aggregate and the beams made of the self-compacting concrete with quality recycled aggregate were compared. By using the finite element method, continuous beams were modelled, and numerical non-linear analysis was conducted. The continuous beams where coarse natural aggregate was partially replaced by the recycled aggregate are comparable, in structural terms, and competitive with the beams made of self-compacting concrete made with natural aggregate, and they are also justified in terms of environment protection.

Uvod: Primarna fokalna hiperhidroza (PFH) je poremećaj nepoznate etiologije koji se karakteriše prekomernim znojenjem na predilekcionim mestima. Podjednako se javlja kod osoba muškog i ženskog pola tokom dvadesetih i početkom tridesetih godina života, pri čemu se smatra da je učestalos PFH oko 2,8% u ukupnoj populaciji. Nastaje kao posledica hiperaktivnosti simaptičkog nervnog sistema ka znojnim žlezdama. Karakteristično je za PFH da se ne javlja noću, što sugeriše da emocionalni stimulus igra bitnu ulogu u nastanku ovog poremećaja. Bilateralna torakoskopska simpatektomija (BTS) je minimalno invazivna hirurška procedura koja se danas primenjuje u trajnom lečenju PFH, sa niskom stopom komplikacija i omogućava lečenje kao jednodnevne hirurške procedure. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili: a) da se ispita ukupna efikasnost BTS na trajno smanjenje PFH predilekcionih delova tela - dlanova, pazušnih jama, lica i stopala; b) da se ispita efiksanost BTS kod osoba sa PFH u odnosu na različite nivoe transekcije simpatičkog lanca; c) da se ispita uticaj BTS na plućnu i srčanu funkciju kod operisanih osoba sa PFH; d) da se ispita pojava, trajanje i intenzitet kompenzatornog znojenja nakon BTS kod operisanih osoba sa PFH; e) da se ispita pojava, trajanje, lokalizacija i tretman postoperativnog bola nakon BTS kod osoba sa PFH; f) da se utvrde postoperativne komplikacije BTS kod osoba sa PFH; i g) da se ispita uticaj BTS na kvalitet života kod operisanih osoba sa PFH. Radna hipoteza istraživanja je bila da hirurška procedura - minimlano invazivna BTS ima značajan efekat na prekomerno znojenje na predilekcionim mestima kod osoba sa PFH, da je praćena sa minimalnim morbiditetom, bez kliničkog uticaja na plućnu i srčanu funkciju i da značajno poboljšava kvalitet života operisanih osoba. Materijal i metod: Urađena je prospektivna klinička studija koja je uključila 435 osoba sa PFH, koji su operisani bilateralnom torakoskopskom simpatektomijom, na Klinici za grudnu hirurgiju, Instituta, Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is a disorder of an unknown etiology, characterized by excessive sweating of predilective parts of the body. It affects men and women equally, with a peak incidence in the later second and early third decades of life, with incidence of up to 2,8% of the world population. It is caused by hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system to the sweat glands. It has been shown that PFH does not occur during the sleeping times, which suggests that emotional stimuli play an important role in this disorder. Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy (BTS) is minimal invasive surgical procedure, which has evolved into an effective and permanent treatment for severe PFH, with low rate of morbidity and it can be performed as the one day surgical procedure. The aims of this investigation were: a) to examine the overall efficiency of BTS on permanent reduction of PFH of predilective parts of the body-palms, armpits, faces and soles; b) to examine the efficiency of BTS with different levels of transection among the persons with the PFH; c) to examine the influence of BTS on cardio-pulmonary function tests in persons with PFH after the operation; d) to examine the incidence, duration and intensity of compensatory sweating after BTS among persons with PFH; e) to examine the incidence, duration, localization and treatment of postoperative pain after BTS among persons with PFH; f) to determine postoperative complications of BTS among persons with PFH; g) to examine the influence of BTS on quality of life among persons with PFH. The working hypothesis of this investigation is that surgical procedure – minimal invasive BTS has the permanent effect on excessive sweating of predilective parts of the body among persons with PFH, followed by minimal morbidity, without clinical influence on cardio-pulmonary function and significantly improves the quality of life among persons with PFH. This was a prospective clinical study which included 435 patients with PFH, w

Предмет докторске дисертације је рад два ванредна суда – Чрезвичајног суда над бунтовницима (1839) и Преког суда формираног поводом Катанске буне (1844). Први је формиран пошто је пропала Јованова буна, коју је подстакао кнез Милош Обреновић (1815–1839, 1858–1860) с циљем да ослаби утицај својих противника у Државном савету и васпостави своју апсолутну власт. Формирању Чрезвичајног суда претходила је истрага против осумњичених за учешће у буни, коју су водиле чак четири истражне комисије. Оне су током свог рада користила следећа доказна средства: признања окривљених, суочења окривљених, сведоке, суочења окривљених и сведока и писане исправе. Чрезвичајни суд почео је са радом 25. јула 1839. И он је спровео доказни поступак, у којем су коришћена мање-више иста доказна средства. Пошто су изведени докази, Чрезвичајни суд је приступио доношењу пресуда. Мање важни окривљени су или ослобођени кривице или осуђени на благе казне, док су они за које је Чрезвичајни суд устанио да су били покретачи и организатори буне осуђени на вишегодишње казне лишења слободе. Мање важни осуђени помиловани су још за време рада Чрезвичајног суда, да би недуго након тога уследило и помиловање важнијих осуђеника. Катанска буна, догађај који је представљао повод за формирање другог ванредног суда, представља неуспели покушај присталица династије Обреновић да оборе устваобранитељски режим, одиграо се између 22. и 25. септембра 1844. Против неких од заробљених бунтовника истрагу су водили Тома Вучић Перишић, командант војске упућене да угуши побуну, и Стеван Новаковић, судија шабачког окружног суда. Истражни поступак, и то против свих окривљених водио је и сам Преки суд. Сем доказних средстава наведених у излагању о Чрезвичајном суду, у истрази коју је водио Преки суд употребљавано је и јемство представника власти за окривљене. Организатори и предводници буне осуђени су на смрт, они који су знали за буну пре њеног избијања, а то нису пријавили властима, на доживотну робију, лица која су се придружи, Predmet doktorske disertacije je rad dva vanredna suda – Črezvičajnog suda nad buntovnicima (1839) i Prekog suda formiranog povodom Katanske bune (1844). Prvi je formiran pošto je propala Jovanova buna, koju je podstakao knez Miloš Obrenović (1815–1839, 1858–1860) s ciljem da oslabi uticaj svojih protivnika u Državnom savetu i vaspostavi svoju apsolutnu vlast. Formiranju Črezvičajnog suda prethodila je istraga protiv osumnjičenih za učešće u buni, koju su vodile čak četiri istražne komisije. One su tokom svog rada koristila sledeća dokazna sredstva: priznanja okrivljenih, suočenja okrivljenih, svedoke, suočenja okrivljenih i svedoka i pisane isprave. Črezvičajni sud počeo je sa radom 25. jula 1839. I on je sproveo dokazni postupak, u kojem su korišćena manje-više ista dokazna sredstva. Pošto su izvedeni dokazi, Črezvičajni sud je pristupio donošenju presuda. Manje važni okrivljeni su ili oslobođeni krivice ili osuđeni na blage kazne, dok su oni za koje je Črezvičajni sud ustanio da su bili pokretači i organizatori bune osuđeni na višegodišnje kazne lišenja slobode. Manje važni osuđeni pomilovani su još za vreme rada Črezvičajnog suda, da bi nedugo nakon toga usledilo i pomilovanje važnijih osuđenika. Katanska buna, događaj koji je predstavljao povod za formiranje drugog vanrednog suda, predstavlja neuspeli pokušaj pristalica dinastije Obrenović da obore ustvaobraniteljski režim, odigrao se između 22. i 25. septembra 1844. Protiv nekih od zarobljenih buntovnika istragu su vodili Toma Vučić Perišić, komandant vojske upućene da uguši pobunu, i Stevan Novaković, sudija šabačkog okružnog suda. Istražni postupak, i to protiv svih okrivljenih vodio je i sam Preki sud. Sem dokaznih sredstava navedenih u izlaganju o Črezvičajnom sudu, u istrazi koju je vodio Preki sud upotrebljavano je i jemstvo predstavnika vlasti za okrivljene. Organizatori i predvodnici bune osuđeni su na smrt, oni koji su znali za bunu pre njenog izbijanja, a to nisu prijavili vlastima, na doživotnu robi, The subject of this doctoral dissertation are two irregular courts – Irregular Court for Rebels (1839) and Martial Court formed on the occasion of Katanska Rebellion (1844). The first of these two courts was formed after Jovan’s rebellion, incited by Prince Miloš Obrenović (1815–1839, 1858–1860) with the goal of weakening the authority of his opponents in State Council and renewal of the ruler’s absolute power, had been quenched. Antecedent of the Irregular Court’s establishment, four investigation boards had undertaken the investigation against the persons suspected of participation in Jovan’s Rebellion. In the course of the inquiry the boards produced following evidence: suspects’ confessions, confrontations of suspects, witnesses, confrontations of suspects with witnesses and documentary evidence. Irregular Court commenced its work on July 25th 1839. This institution also performed production of evidence, during which more or less above-cited sorts of evidence were produced. After the evidence had been shown, Irregular Court turned to deliberation. Less important suspects were either acquitted or sentenced to mild punishments, as those who Irregular Court found organizers and instigators of Jovan’s Rebellion are condemned to multiyear prison sentences. The convicts of less significance were pardoned while Irregular Court’s activity was still in progress. Not long after, more important convicts were granted pardon as well. Katane (Hussars)’s Rebellion, the event that occasioned the formation of the second irregular court, represents an unsuccessful attempt of Obrenović dynasty's followers to overthrow Constitution-Defenders' regime. The inquiry against some of the suspects was conducted by Toma Vučić Perišić, the commander of the troops sent to put down Katane's Rebellion, and Stevan Novaković, a judge of Šabac District Court. Martial Court also carried out investigations, of which all suspects were subjects. Besides evidence mentioned in previous paragraph, vouch

Boljom prevencijom aterosklerotskih bolesti i uvođenjem invazivnih procedura endoluminalnim pristupom u lečenju koronarne bolesti i karotidne bolesti, hirurške procedure u poslednje dve decenije postaju sve kompleksnije i teže. Profil pacijenata podvrgnutih revaskularizaciji miokarda postaje sve rizičniji i procentualno se povećava broj polivaskularnih pacijenata za koje je neophodno uraditi dodatne procedure na karotidnim arterijama, bilo da su one urađene simultano, u dva ili tri akta. To su pacijenati koji imaju značajne aterosklerotske lezije na jednoj ili obe karotidne arterije zajedno sa značajnim suženjima koronarnih arterija. Algoritmi koji se nude u projektovanju operativne taktike ni danas nisu strogo definisani i vrlo često zavise od individualne procene i stava hirurga koji izvode ove procedure. Ishod operativnog lečenja ovih pacijenata često zavisi od hirurške taktike i ustanove u kojoj se oni operativno leče. Prediktori ishoda operativnog lečenja bi mogli biti važan faktor u selekcioniranju pacijenata u preporuci taktike operativnog lečenja. U tezi su analizirani klinički aspekti preoperativno i postoperativno, postoperativni mortalitet - 30 dana posle operacije i jednu godinu posle operacije. Analiziran je uticaj faktora: starost, pol, neurološka disfunkcija, infarkt miokarda do 90 dana pre operacije, nestabilna angina, diabetes mellitus, bilateralna stenoza karotidnih arterija kod 94 pacijenta koji su operisani u Klinici za kardiohirurgiju Instituta za kardiovaskularne bolesti Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici u periodu 2007-2012g. Kod svih je, preoperativno, nađeno da imaju značajne promene na koronarnim i karotidnim arterijama. Pacijenti su podeljeni u dve grupe po tipu izvršene operacije. Prvu grupu su sačinjavali pacijenti koji su operisani u odvojenim operacijama karotidnih arterija i revakularizacije miokarda, a drugi su operisani simultano operacijom karotidnih arterija i revaskularizacijom miokarda. U metodologiji su korišćene metode retrospektiv, Surgical procedures have become more complex and difficult in the past two decades due to the better prevention of atherosclerotic diseases and the introduction of invasive procedures with endoluminal approach to treating coronary and carotid artery diseases. The profile of patients undergoing myocardial revascularization is becoming riskier. There is also increase in the percentage of patients with polyvascular disease who need additional procedures on the carotid arteries, whether they are done simultaneously or in two or three acts. These are the patients who have significant atherosclerotic lesions in one or both of the carotid arteries along with the significant narrowing of the coronary arteries. Algorithms that are offered to plan operative tactics are still not strictly defined and often depend on the individual assessment of surgeons and the attitude of certain institutions that perform the procedure. The outcome of surgical treatment of these patients often depends on surgical tactics and the institution in which they are treated. Predictors of surgical treatment outcome could be an important factor for the selection of patients and the recommendation of operative treatment tactics. The thesis analyzed pre- and postoperative clinical aspect as well as 30-day and one-year postoperative mortality. The influence of the following factors was analyzed: age, sex, neurologic dysfunction, myocardial infarction occurring 90 days after surgery, unstable angina, diabetes mellitus, and bilateral carotid artery stenosis in 94 patients that underwent cardiac surgery at the Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery of the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica in the period from 2007 to 2012. All patients had significant changes on the coronary and carotid arteries. The patients were divided into two groups according to the type of surgery. The first group consisted of the patients who underwent carotid artery surgery and myocardial revascularizatio

Предмет истраживања ове дисертације је примена тапијског система, као врсте евиденције непокретности, на територијама насељеним јужнословенским народима који су били под отоманском влашћу. Докторску дисертацију чине увод, три поглавља и закључак. У уводу је прецизиран предмет и циљ истраживања, као и полазне хипотезе. Дат је преглед постојеће литературе о овој материји, уз њихову критичку анализу. Наведен је одабир објављених извора који су коришћени у истраживању, као и преглед необјављених, садржаних у појединим фондовима историјских архива у Србији. Прво поглавље докторске дисертације посвећено је својинским односима и тапијском систему у Отоманском царству. Полази се од претпоставке да је тапијски систем утемељен у отоманском схватању својине и тимарском систему, који је био темељ војног и економског уређења Царства. Објашњене су особине класичног тимарског система и његова постепена дезинтрегација увођењем илтизама и развојем процеса читлучења. Сагледава се тапија, настала у тимарском систему као документ којим се доказују и преносе стварна права на непокретностима, њено порекло, развој и врсте. Тимарско-спахијски систем промењен је танзиматским реформама, када је учињено и потпуно законодавно регулисање тапијског система. Објашњен је ефекат танзиматских реформи на друштвене и својинске односе у Царству и сагледане су промене које су у домену земљишних односа и тапијског система донели поједини закони. Други део је посвећен Србији, која је једина од јужнословенских држава имала аутономан развој тапијског система у XIX веку. Најпре су посматрани својински односи и тапијски систем до добијања статуса самоуправе, потом и напори српских власти да регулишу својинске односе након укидања тимарско- спахијског система у самоуправној Кнежевини. У другом делу овог поглавља разматран је значај доношења Српског грађанског законика. Објашњена су његова решења о евиденцији непокретности и каснија нормативна активност којом је, због немогућности установљавања баштинских књига, The research subject of this doctoral dissertation is the application of the tapu system, as one of the types of evidence of real estate, in the South Slavic territories which were under Ottoman rule. The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction contains a survey of the current literature, an overview of the consulted sources, the research hypotheses and the research objectives. The first chapter is devoted to the property relations and the tapu system in the Ottoman Empire. The origins of the tapu system lay in the Ottoman conception of ownership and the timar system, which was the military and economic foundation of the empire. The characteristics of the classic timar system are explained, as well as its disintegration by the introduction of Iltizam and the gradual process of creation of huge čitluk domains. In the timar system, the tapu emerged as a document to prove and transfer property rights on real estate. Later, with the tanzimat reforms, the timar system was altered and the tapu system was fully regulated through legislation. The second chapter is devoted to Serbia, which is the only South Slavic state that had an autonomous development of the tapu system in the nineteenth century. First, the property relations and the tapu system are studied in the period before Serbian autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. Next, the efforts of the Serbian authorities to regulate the property relations after the abolishment of the timar system are analyzed. In the second part of this chapter the provisions on the evidence of real estate in the 1844 Serbian Civil Code are discussed. Soon after its adoption, the impossibility of establishing land registers became evident and the authorities continued to rely on the existing tapu system. This way, tapu’s acquired formal significance and the transfer of tapu replaced entry into the land registers. Further, through the use of numerous archival sources the development of tapu is

periodu od 2010. do 2013. godine u ekološkim uslovima Kraljeva proučavane su anatomske, morfološke i fiziološke osobine reproduktivnih organa kod pet sorti oraha (Šampion, Šejnovo, Gajzenhajmski 139, Gajzenhajmski 251 i Elit) i jednog spontanog sejanca. U radu je dat detaljan opis građe muških i ženskih cvetova na anatomskom i morfološkom nivou. Morfometrijska analiza resa, antera, polenovih zrna, ženskih cvetova, semenih zametaka i embrionovih kesica pokazala je da na neke morfometrijske parametre ne utiču značajno faktori spoljašnje sredine i da se oni mogu uspešno koristiti za determinaciju sorti. Procesi diferencijacije muških i ženskih cvetova, uključujući i procese formiranja muškog i ženskog gametofita, odvijali su se sukcesivno i istim redosledom kod svih ispitivanih genotipova i u svim godinama, a razlike po godinama i među genotipovima odnosile su se prvenstveno na vreme početka i dužinu trajanja pojedinih faza razvitka. U radu su definisane, detaljno opisane i fotodokumentovane karakteristične faze razvojnih procesa, a njihova dinamika prikazana je grafički za svaki genotip. Tip dihogamije ispoljio je značajan uticaj na dinamiku razvoja generativnih pupoljaka i cvetova. Između mikrofenofaza u razvitku muških i ženskih cvetova i stadijuma u formiranju spora i gameta u njima utvrđen je visok stepen podudarnosti, što omogućava da se na osnovu morfoloških promena na cvetovima prate histološke promene u sporogenim tkivima i gametofitima cvetova. Na morfološke osobine rodnog drveta (debljinu i dužinu rodnih letorasta i plodonosnih prirasta, broj nodusa i strukturu pupoljaka na grančicama i po nodusima) značajan uticaj ispoljili su genotip i faktori spoljašnje sredine. Na indukciju muških i ženskih cvasti značajno su uticali genotip, godina, razvijenost grančice i položaj pupoljka na grančici. Prisustvo ženskih cvetova ili mladih plodova na plodonosnim mladarima u nekim slučajevima imalo je negativan uticaj na indukciju novih generativnih pupoljaka na plodonosni, Over the period of 2010-2013, under the environmental conditions of Kraljevo, the anatomical, morphological and physiological properties of reproductive organs were studied in five walnut cultivars ('Šampion', 'Sheinovo', 'Geisenheim 139', 'Geisenheim 251' and 'Elit') and one chance seedling. A detailed description of both the anatomical and the morphological structure of staminate and pistillate flowers is provided. The morphometric analysis of catkins, anthers, pollen grains, pistillate flowers, ovules and embryo sacs showed that some morphometric parameters are not significantly affected by environmental factors and that they can be successfully used for cultivar identification. The differentiation of staminate and pistillate flowers, including the formation of male and female gametophytes, occurred in successive stages following the same sequence of events in all genotypes studied and in all years, with differences across years and genotypes primarily regarding the onset time and length of particular developmental stages. Characteristic stages in the developmental processes are defined, detailed and photodocumented, and their dynamics is graphically presented for each genotype. The type of dichogamy exhibited a significant effect on the developmental dynamics of generative buds and flowers. A high degree of correspondence was determined between the microphenological phases of staminate and pistillate flowers and the stages of spore and gamete formation, which enables the observation of histological changes in sporogenous tissues and gametophytes based on changes in flower morphology. The morphological properties of the bearing wood (thickness and length of bearing shoots and bourse shoots, number of nodes, and structure of buds on the shoots and at nodes) were significantly affected by genotype and environmental factors. The induction of staminate and pistillate inflorescences was significantly affected by genotype, year, degree of shoot development and bud posi

Istraživanjima u okviru ove doktorske disertacije na osnovu većeg broja kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih osobina izvršena je morfološko-anatomska karakterizacija i evaluacija 75 genotipova vinogradarske breskve u okviru kolekcije oglednog dobra “Radmilovac”, Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Istraživanja su obuhvatila i analizu varijabilnosti i korelacione povezanosti osobina, a sve u cilju izdvajanja perspektivnih genotipova sa akcentom na stonu potrošnju. Karakteristike fenofaze cvetanja i sazrevanja, anatomske karakteristike lista, broj zametnutih i ubranih plodova, biohemijski sastav ploda i organoleptička ocena svežih plodova utvrđeni su metodama standardnim za ovu vrstu istraživanja, dok su morfološke karakteristike pojedinih organa utvrđene merenjem ili ocenjivanjem pomoću UPOV i ECPGR deskriptora za breskvu. Ispitivana kolekcija vinogradarske breskve pokazala se kao značajan genofond sa visokim stepenom varijabilnosti osobina. Među ispitivanim genotipovima ispoljile su se veoma značajne razlike u pogledu vremena cvetanja i sazrevanja, bujnosti stabla, rodnosti, krupnoće i kvaliteta plodova. U ispitivanoj kolekciji genetička varijansa je dominirala u ukupnoj varijabilnosti vremena sazrevanja plodova kao i osobina stabla (visina stabla, visina krune, prečnik krune, visina debla, obim debla), grančice (dužina i debljina grančice), lista (dužina i širina liske, indeks oblika liske, površina liske), cveta (prečnik cveta, dužina i širina kruničnih listića, indeks oblika kruničnih listića, broj prašnika, dužina i širina antere, dužina tučka) i ploda (masa koštice, sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i ukupnih šećera, izgled ploda, ukus ploda i ukupna senzorna ocena). To znači da su ove osobine strogo ili u velikoj meri pod kontrolom genotipa i da kao takve predstavljaju merodavni prikaz ispitivane kolekcije, na osnovu kojih se može sa većom pouzdanošću vršiti dalja selekcija sa ciljem povećanja rodnosti i poboljšanja kvaliteta ploda..., The research for this doctoral dissertation was based on a large number of qualitative and quantitative traits of the vineyard peach and it comprised morphological and anatomical characterization and evaluation of 75 vineyard peach genotypes within a collection of the “Radmilovac” Experimental Station of the Belgrade Faculty of Agriculture. The research also comprised the analysis of variability and correlation of traits in order to select prominent genotypes, particularly genotypes suitable for fresh consumption. Flowering and maturity traits, anatomic traits of peach leaves, fruit set and number of harvested fruits, biochemical composition and an organoleptic evaluation of fresh fruits were determined with standard methods for this type of research, whereas morphological traits of certain organs were determined after measuring or evaluation with UPOV and ECPGR descriptors for peach. The studied collection of the vineyard peach was proved to be a significant genepool with high variability of traits. Among the studied genotypes there were very significant differences in time of flowering and maturity, tree vigour, yielding, fruit size and quality. The genetic variance dominated the total variability of fruit maturity time, as well as tree traits (tree height, canopy height, canopy diameter, trunk height, trunk volume), traits of shoot (shoot length and thickness), leaf (leaf length and width, shape index, leaf area), flower (flower diameter, petal length and width, petal shape index, number of stamens, anther length and width, pistil length) and traits of fruit (stone weight, soluble dry matter content, total acids and total sugars, fruit appearance, taste and an overall sensory mark). It means that these traits are fully or to a large extent controlled by genotype. Hence they give a reliable overview of the collection, based on which further selection for better yields and better quality can be done more accurately...

Докторска дисертација „Облигациони односи у Општем имовинском законику за Књажевину Црну Гору и њихова примјена између два свјетска рата (1918-1941. године)“ бави се материјом облигационог права у Општем имовинском законику (1888). Имајући у виду да скоро половина норми овог Законика (који има 1031 члан) регулише материју облигационог права, у раду није било могуће приказати цјелокупан систем тих норми већ је услиједила анализа најзначајнијих питања. У том смислу посматрао се сам начин излагања норми облигационог права у Општем имовинском законику, а након тога је било потребно приказати ко је могао учествовати у правном промету и који су били основни инструменти тога промета. Овим радом ће се сагледати како је Богишић посредством Имовинског законика уградио модерна рјешења европског права у правни систем земље у којој је до тада доминирало обичајно право. Богишићев метод рада је показао најбоље резултате управо у сегменту облигационих односа. Имајући то у виду, у раду је извршена анализа посматраних норми на два нивоа, теоријском и практичном. Наиме, након нормативне анализе појединих норми освијетлило се њихово поријекло, а након тога и степен примјене у пракси. Први дио рада бавио се општим питањима која су везана за временско и просторно важење Општег имовинског законика. Након тога услиједило је одређивање самог појма уговора у Имовинском законику уз дефинисање услова који су били неопходни за настанак пуноважног уговора. Особито мјесто је заузело одређивање уговорног капацитета дјелимично способних лица, Куће и удатих жена. Дошло се до сазнања да су промјене у положају ових лица биле последица све присутнијег индивидуализма., In this doctoral dissertation author examines rules of General Property Code (1888) about obligations. Considering that half of rules of this Code (which has 1031 articles) regulates the law of obligations, it wasn't possible to give description of all that rules so it deals with the most important questions in this field. Taking into account, it opserve the maner of exposure relevant system of rules. After that, it shows who could be legal entity and how he could act. It is viewable how Bogisic used General Property Code to impose modern rules of European law in legal body of country in which, as far as, had dominated common law. Bogisic's mode point the best results in the field of the obligations. In this paper author analyze relevant rules from two views: practical and theoretical. Namely, he examines the genesis of those rules and range of their application. First, the subject of matter is temporal and territorial validity of General Property Code. After that, author gives a concept of contract in Code and define requirements for its validity. Special place is given to contractual ability of persons in power, the House and women. After the analysis we can set up a conclusion that status of this persons had changed because of growing individualism. The rules of the Code about the consensus and the object of performance didn't include any differentness. If we look at the form of contract, Code had modern attitude. In the chapter about security for fulfilment of the obligation, it was analysed genesis of suretyship, conventional penalty and the arrha from common law, through General Property Code till now. The suretyship was accessory to a principal obligation and the liability of the surety became subsidiary. At least, the surety who had discharged the obligation had a right of recourse against the principal debtor.

Kod sorte šljive Pozna plava, u trogodišnjem periodu, ispitivano je više citoembrioloških aspekata koji su vezani za dinamiku odvijanja procesa oplođenja, tokom prvih deset dana od momenta punog cvetanja. Fluorohromnim bojenjem analizirana je vitalnost semenih zametaka kao i kvantitativni parametri rasta polenovih cevčica, u tri varijante oprašivanja: slobodno oprašivanje, stranooprašivanje i samooprašivanje. U varijanti stranooprašivanja korišćen je polen sorti šljive Hanita, Čačanska najbolja i Presenta. Klijavost polena korišćenih oprašivača prethodno je utvrđena in vitro na agaro-saharoznoj podlozi, dok su morfološke osobine polena analizirane pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa. U ispitivanim varijantama oprašivanja analizirano je inicijalno i finalno zametanje plodova. U dvogodišnjem periodu ispitivano je funkcionalno stanje embrionove kesice u prvih deset dana od momenta punog cvetanja u dve varijante: slobodno oprašivanje i bez oprašivanja (kontrola). U trogodišnjem periodu, u poljskim uslovima, ispitivan je uticaj temperature, na interakciju muškog gametofita i ženskog sporofita. U analiziranim morfološkim karakteristikama polena sorta šljive Pozna plava se razlikovala od ostalih sorti, gde je izuzev širine polenovog zrna, u svim ostalim analiziranim parametrima imala najveće vrednosti. Analiza kvantitativnih parametara rasta polenovih cevčica u stubiću tučka pokazala je najbolje vrednosti u varijanti stranooprašivanja, dok se u sve tri godine ispitivanja kao najslabila pokazala varijanta slobodnog oprašivanja. Prisustvo inkompatibilnih polenovih cevčica u gornjoj trećini stubića kao i pojava njihovog specifičnog rasta u plodniku u svim analiziranim varijantama oprašivanja bila je izražena u manjoj meri, tako da nije imala većeg uticaja na broj oplođenih semenih zametaka, a samim tim i na broj inicijalno i finalno zametnutih plodova. Analiza semenih zametaka u varijanti slobodnog oprašivanja pokazala je da oni u vreme punog cvetanja u najvećem broju, Over a three-year period, a study was conducted on the Pozna plava cultivar, focusing on a number of cyto-embryological aspects related to the dynamics of fertilisation process during the ten-day phase that follows the moment of full bloom. Fluorochrome dying was used to analyse the vitality of ovules and the quantitative growth parameters of the pollen tubes, thorough three pollination variants: open pollination, cross pollination, and self pollination. In the cross-pollination variant, pollen of the Hanita, Čačanska najbolja and Presenta cultivars was used. An agarosesucrose base was used for in vitro pre-determination of pollen germination of the used pollenisers, whereas the pollen morphological traits were analysed using the scanning electronic microscope. Initial and final fruit set was analysed in the examined pollination variants. In the two years of the study, functional condition of the embryo sac was examined within the first ten days following the moment of full bloom, comprising two variants: open pollination and no-pollination (as the control group). The impact made by temperature on the interaction between the male gametophyte and female sporophyte was examined during the three-year period of study. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of the pollen, the Pozna plava cultivar recorded different results compared to the other cultivars, reaching the highest values in all of the analysed parameters except the pollen grain width. The analysis of the quantitative growth parameters of the pollen tubes inside the style revealed the highest values in the self-pollination variant, whereas the lowest values of this parameter were recorded in the open pollination variant, in all the three years of the research. The presence of incompatible pollen tubes in the upper third of the style, as well as occurrence of their specific growth inside the ovary in all of the analysed pollination variants was less expressed and had no significant impact on the numb

U periodu od 2010. do 2012. godine proučavana je varijabilnost i izvršena identifikacija i karakterizacija 13 klonova Oblačinske višnje na osnovu osobina pojedinih njihovih organa, proizvodno-tehnoloških osobina i osobina polena. Osobine pojedinih organa ispitivanih klonova Oblačinske višnje određene su ocenjivanjem na osnovu deskriptora za višnju i merenjem odgovarajućih parametara. Od hemijskih osobina ploda utvrđivani su: sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih i invertnih šećera, sadržaj saharoze, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i sadržaj ukupnih antocijana. Od fenoloških karakteristika proučavane su vreme cvetanja i vreme sazrevanja. Broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova utvrđeni su na osnovu rezultata slobodnog oprašivanja. Rodnost proučavanih klonova izražena je preko prinosa po stablu i koeficijenta rodnosti. Otpornost na prouzrokovače bolesti (Wilsonomyces carpophylus, Blumeriella jaapii i Monilinia fructigena) ispitivana je u uslovima prirodne infekcije. Od osobina polena proučavane su morfološke karakteristike polena, skenirajućim elektronskim mikroskopom i klijavost polena, metodom naklijavanja in vitro na hranljivoj podlozi sa saharozom i agar-agarom. Kod kvalitativnih osobina utvrđena je različita zastupljenost klonova po proučavanim kategorijama. Na ekspresiju većine kvantitativnih osobina, veoma značajan ili značajan uticaj ispoljili su proučavani klonovi, a kod određenog broja osobina ispoljen je i veoma značajan ili značajan uticaj godine ispitivanja i interakcije klon × godina. Među proučavanim osobinama najveće učešče genetičke varijabilnosti u ukupnoj fenotipskoj varijabilnosti utvrđeno je za obim debla (82,83%), a najmanje za odnos dužine i širine polena (0,67%). Najmanje učešće godine u ukupnoj varijabilnosti ustanovljeno je za širinu grebena i širinu brazde na egzini polena (0,00%), a najveće za prečnik letorasta (89,98%). Interakcija klon × godina najviše je uticala na ispoljavanje širine grebena na egzini polena (23,29%), a, In the period from 2010 to 2012, the variability of 13 Oblačinska sour cherry clones was studied and the identification and characterization was provided, based on some traits of their organs, production-technological properties and pollen characteristics. The traits of individual organs of the examined sour cherry clones were determined by evaluating on the basis of descriptors for sour cherry and measuring the appropriate parameters. Also, the chemical fruit properties were determined: soluble solids, total sugars, invert sugars, sucrose, total acids and total anthocyanins. Flowering and ripening time were studied from the phenological characteristics. Initial and final fruit set were determined on the basis of open pollination. Productivity of the studied clones was expressed over the yield per tree and the yield efficiency. Resistance to diseases (Wilsonomyces carpophylus, Blumeriella jaapii and Monilinia fructigena) was studied under the conditions of natural infection. From pollen traits, morphological characteristics of pollen by scanning electron microscope and pollen germination by germination method in vitro on the medium with sucrose and agar-agar were studied. Concerning qualitative characteristics different numbers of clones per studied categories were determined. Regarding majority of quantitative traits, very significant or significant influence investigated clones, and in a certain number of traits, very significant or significant impact of year and the interaction clone × year were manifested. Among the studied traits the highest part of genetic variability in total phenotype variability has been found for trunk circumference (82.83%), and least for the pollen length and width ratio (0.67%). The least influence of a year in total variability was found for ridge width and furrow width of the pollen exine (0.00%), and the largest for diameter of the branches (89.98%). The interaction clone × year the most influenced on the expression of the ridge widt

The paper points out the problem of periodic compliance control of composite reservoirs installation in motor vehicles and necessity of designing methodologies in this field. The survey indicated that with expert systems application periodic compliance of composite reservoirs installation can be achieved. The paper presents the design of an expert system for visual control of composite tanks for storing compressed natural gas as a fuel for motor vehicles, using a shell expert system as a tool to design the knowledge base. The knowledge base is designed using production rules. The expert system is tested on a concrete example. The research results point to the possibility of periodical compliance control of composite reservoirs installation in motor vehicles using designed knowledge base. Also, the quality of visual control, reducing the time for analysis and reasoning on the state of composite reservoirs and auxiliary equipment for storing compressed natural gas as a fuel for motor vehicles, is achieved using the designed expert system.

In this research, morphological characterization of vineyard peach collection was conducted. In 78 accessions thirty qualitative traits of tree, flower, leaf, fruit and stone were analysed by using UPOV and ECPGR descriptors. Most of the studied traits showed a high degree of variability. The lowest variability obtained for the leaf traits, and highest for skin and flesh colour. Not only were the accessions sorted into a large number of categories by the most of their properties, but also there was a significant level of variability in the collection, reflecting in the fact that the traits were recombinant in a different way. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a dendrogram were performed to determine relationships among accessions and to obtain information on the usefulness of those characters for the discrimination. The PCA revealed that the first 4 principal components were able to represent 43.1% of total variance. Traits with high discriminating values comprised internal and external fruit colour, flower type and colour, flower bud density and stone shape. The cluster analysis showed that the accessions were placed in three main clusters. The greatest impact on the separation in clusters had fruit over colour and extent of fruit over colour. Moreover, the collection can also comprise some accessions with the preferred recombination of properties that might be interesting for further studies in breeding.

Morphological characterization of pollen grains is very important in the identification of individual species and cultivars of fruit trees, including quince. As material for these studies, the pollen of eight quince cultivars, Leskovacka, Vranjska, Morava, Pazardzijska, Hemus, Asenica, Portugal, and Triumph was used. During the 3-year study period (2010-2012), using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the following characteristics were investigated: the size and shape of pollen grains (length, width, and length-to-width ratio), colpus length, colpus width, mesocolpium width, and characteristics of exine pattern [number of ridges per area (100 mu m(2)) at the equatorial region of exine, ridge width, and furrow width]. The tested quince cultivars differed significantly in terms of morphological characteristics of pollen. The exceptions were colpus and mesocolpium width, as well as the ridge and furrow width on the exine, which showed no statistically significant difference. Pollen grains of quince are characterized by great length (over 53 mu m). The shape of pollen grains varied from prolate (Leskovacka, Vranjska, Morava, Hemus, Asenica, and Triumph) to perprolate (Pazardzijska and Portugal). The exine pattern of all cultivars was striate with longitudinal ridges, which were more parallel in cultivars Vranjska, Hemus, Portugal, and Triumph and less parallel in cultivars Leskovacka, Morava, Pazardzijska, and Asenica. Three groups of similar cultivars are separated on the basis of hierarchical cluster analysis results. Some pollen morphological characteristics, such as the size and shape of pollen grains and colpus length, can be used in the identification of quince cultivars.

From different autochthonous populations that are present on the territory of Serbia, 17 cherry plum types were selected, characterised by distinctive morphological properties and fruit quality. During the two years' period of research, the following parameters were examined: fruit weight, stone weight soluble solid content, total sugar content, and total acid content. For all of the examined properties, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation as well as the coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated, based on a two-factorial analysis of variance results. It was determined that genetic variability had a major influence on the total variability of fruit weight, stone weight and total acids content, while at the same time the interaction genotype x year played the decisive role in determining the variability of soluble solids content and total sugars content. Coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation show that, in the cherry plum trees that were examined, the least variation was in the soluble solids contents (CVg = 2.83%; CVf = 4.66%), and that the highest variation was in the fruit weight (CVg = 29.72%; CVf = 31.34%). The lowest level of heritability in a broader sense was established in the total sugars content (h² = 21.72%) and the highest in the stone weight (h² = 93.19%)., Iz različitih autohtonih populacija sa područja Srbije, na bazi morfoloških osobina i kvaliteta ploda, izdvojeno je 17 tipova džanarike. U toku dvogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja ispitivani su masa ploda, masa koštice sardržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Na osnovu rezultata dvofaktorijalne analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Utvrđeno je da je u ukupnoj varijabilnosti mase ploda, mase koštice i sadržaja ukupnih kiselina najviše učestvovala genetička varijabilnost, dok je varijabilnost sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija i sadržaja ukupnih šećera u najvećem procentu bila uslovljena interakcijom genotip x godina. Koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije pokazuju da je kod proučavanih tipova džanarike najmanje varirao sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (CVg = 2,83%; CVf = 4,66%), a najviše masa ploda (CVg = 29,72%; CVf = 31,34%). Najmanji koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu utvrđen je za sadržaj ukupnih šećera (h2 = 21,72%), a najveći za masu koštice (h2 = 93,19%).

Variability of some more prominent pomological characteristics was examined in three regions of Serbia (central, western, southern). In all the regions, significant variability of all studied characteristics was established. However, no specifics were manifested between regions, therefore, identical types emerge in all the regions. This is indicated by similar intervals of variation as well as similar mean values of characteristics per region. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that the entire territory of Serbia should be observed as a unique myrobalan population with highly expressed polymorphism of characteristics. To preserve genetic variability of myrobalan, collection is recommended for those types that were arranged into various groups and subgroups according to the results of cluster analysis., U ovom radu ispitivana je varijabilnost značajnijih pomoloških osobina u 3 regiona Srbije (centralni, zapadni i južni). U sva tri regiona ustanovljena je značajna varijabilnost svih proučavanih osobina. Međutim, među regionima nisu ispoljene specifičnosti, tako da se u sva tri regiona pojavljuju isti tipovi. Na ovo ukazuju slični intervali variranja, kao i slične srednje vrednosti osobina po regionima. Dobijeni rezultati navode na zaključak da čitavu teritoriju Srbije treba posmatrati kao jedinstvenu populaciju džanarike sa veoma izraženim polimorfizmom osobina. Radi očuvanja genetičke varijabilnosti džanarike za kolekcionisanje se preporučuju oni tipovi koji su prema rezultatima klaster analize svrstani u različite grupe i podgrupe.

Three promising interspecific table grapes (Vitis hybrids), were examined. Hybrids 9896 and 9984 originated from crossing Muscat Hamburg x Seyve-Villard 12375, and Hybrid 20506 from crossing Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg. Important morphological and disease resistance characteristics were compared with those of standard cultivar 'Muscat Hamburg.' In contrast to the standard, each of the three hybrids showed higher resistance to Plasmopara viticola, Oidium tuckeri and Botrytis cinerea. Hybrids 9896 and 9984 ripened at approximately same time as 'Muscat Hamburg,' while Hybrid 20506 ripened much later. In each of the three hybrids hermaphrodite flower type and ovate berry shape was observed. Hybrids 9896 and 20506 have blue-black skin color and harmonic flavor, while Hybrid 9984 has green-yellow skin color and muscat flavor. Considering yield and grape quality, the tested hybrids were the same or better than the standard cultivar.

In four interspecies crossing combinations of grapevine (Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg, Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108, S.V.I8315 x Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Hamburg x S.V.I2375) during three years period, resistance to important fungal diseases agents (Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea) were examined. Based on results of analysis of variance, for investigated characteristics, components of variance, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. It was established that for both characteristics and in all crossing combinations, genetic variance took the biggest part in total variability. The lowest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were established for both properties in crossing combination Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg. The highest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were determined for leaf resistance to Plasmopara viticola in crossing combination Muscat Hamburg x S.V.I2375, and for bunch resistance to Botrytis cinerea in crossing combination Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108. Considering all investigated crossing combinations, coefficient of heritability for leaf resistance to Plasmopara viticola was from 87.23% to 94.88%, and for bunch resistance to Botrytis cinerea from 88.04% to 93.32%. ., U četiri kombinacije interspecies ukrštanja vinove loze (Sejanac 108 x Muskat Hamburg, Muskat Hamburg x Sejanac 108, S.V.18315 x Muskat Hamburg i Muskat Hamburg x S.V. 12375) tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja ispitivana je otpornost na prouzrokovače važnijih gljivičnih bolesti (Plasmopara viticola i Botiytis cinerea). Na osnovu rezultata analize varijanse za ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijanse, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Utvrđeno je da je u ukupnoj varijabilnosti obe ispitivane osobine, u svim kombinacijama ukrštanja, najviše učestvovala genetička varijansa. Najmanji koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije za obe osobine ustanovljeni su u kombinaciji ukrštanja Sejanac 108 x Muskat Hamburg. Najveći koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije za otpornost lista prema Plasmopara viticola ustanovljeni su u kombinaciji ukrštanja Muskat Hamburg x S.V. 12375, a za otpornost grozda prema Botrytis cinerea u kombinaciji ukrštanja Muskat Hamburg x Sejanac 108. U zavisnosti od ispitivane kombinacije ukrštanja, koeficijent heritabilnosti za otpornost lista prema Plasmopara viticola kretao se od 87.23% do 94.88%. a za otpornost grozda prema Botrvtis cinerea od 88,04% do 93,32%. .

In four interspecies crossing combinations of grapevine (Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg, Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108, S.V. 18315 x Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Hamburg x S.V. 12375) during three years period, important phenological phases (bud burst, blooming time, veraison and ripening time) were examined. Based on results of analysis of variance, for all investigated characteristics, components of variability, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated. Values of these parameters depended a lot on examined crossing combination. In majority of all investigated characteristics and almost for ail crossing combinations, genetic variability took the biggest part in total variability. Only for blooming time, in crossing combinations Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Hamburg x S.V. 12375, year variability participated the most in total variability. The lowest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were established for blooming time (4.01%; 4.86%), and the largest for veraison (36.43%; 38.81%). Considering examined crossing combination, coefficient of heritability was from 63.08% up to 70.76% for bud burst, from 60.61% up to 87.71% for blooming time, from 84.58% up to 88.14% for verasion and from 56.86% up to 89.29% for ripening time., U četiri kombinacije interspecies ukrštanja vinove loze (Sejanac 108 x Muskat hamburg, Muskat hamburg x Sejanac 108, S.V. 18315 x Muskat hamburg i Muskat hamburg x S.V. 12375) tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja ispitivane su važnije fenološke faze (vreme kretanja okaca, vreme cvetanja, šarak i vreme sazrevanja). Na osnovu rezultata analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Vrednosti ovih parametara umnogome su zavisile od proučavane kombinacije ukrštanja. U ukupnoj varijabilnosti većine ispitivanih osobina u skoro svim kombinacijama ukrštanja najviše je učestvovala genetička varijabilnost. Jedino je u ukupnoj varijabinosti vremena cvetanja u kombinacijama ukrštanja Sejanac 108 x Muskat hamburg i Muskat hamburg x S.V.12375 najviše učestvovala varijabilnost uslovljena godinom. Najmanji koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije utvrđeni su za vreme cvetanja (4,01%; 4,86%), a najveći za šarak (36,43% 38,81%). U zavisnosti od ispitivane kombinacije ukrštanja, koeficijent heritabilnosti za vreme kretanja okaca kretao se od 63,08% do 70,76%, za vreme cvetanja od 60,61% do 87,71%, za šarak od 84,58% do 88,14% i za vreme sazrevanja od 56,86% do 89,29%.

Three bunch traits (bunch length, bunch width and bunch weight) were investigated in four interspecies crossing combinations of grapevine (Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg, Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108, S.V.18315 x Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Hamburg x S.V.12375) during three years period. Based on results of analysis of variance for all investigated traits, components of variability, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation and coefficient of broad-sense heritability were calculated. It was established that in all investigated traits and for all crossing combinations, genetic variability took the biggest part in total variability. The lowest coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation were established for bunch width in the crossing combination Muscat Hamburg x S.V.12375 (12.28%, 15.31%, respectively), and the highest for bunch weight in crossing combination Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg (37.75%, 42.66%, respectively). Considering examined crossing combinations, the coefficient of heritability for bunch length, i.e. bunch width and bunch weight ranged from 69.14% to 87.04%, i.e. 64.27% to 80.02% and 66.53% to 80.36%%, respectively., U četiri kombinacije interspecies ukrštanja vinove loze (Sejanac 108 x Muskat hamburg, Muskat hamburg x Sejanac 108, S.V.18315 x Muskat hamburg i Muskat hamburg x S.V.12375) tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja ispitivane su tri osobine grozda (dužina grozda, širina grozda i masa grozda). Na osnovu rezultata analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Utvrđeno je da je u ukupnoj varijabilnosti svih ispitivanih osobina u svim kombinacijama ukrštanja najviše učestvovala genetička varijabilnost. Najmanji koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije ustanovljeni su za širinu grozda u kombinaciji ukrštanja Muskat hamburg x S.V.12375 (12,28%; 15,31%), a najveći za masu grozda u kombinaciji ukrštanja Sejanac 108 x Muskat hamburg (37,75%; 42,66%). U zavisnosti od ispitivane kombinacije ukrštanja, koeficijent heritabilnosti za dužinu grozda kretao se od 69,14% do 87,04%, za širinu grozda od 64,27% do 80,02%, a za masu grozda od 66,53% do 80,36%.

Vineyard peach population in Serbia has a great genetic variability of types with different using values. Although vineyard peach selection programs in our country are very intensive, there are no any recognized and purebred trees of vineyard peach used for different purposes. The aim of this paper was to investigate major biological and pomological characteristics in twenty vineyard peach types, collected at the experimental field "Radmilovac" at the Agricultural Faculty in Belgrade, in order to select the best ones for stone consumption and processing. Examined types showed great variability with regard to investigated characteristics. Based on fruit weight and fruit attractiveness, taste and harmonic relation of sugar and acid content, the most promising types for stone consumption are I/1, I/5 II/17, II/19 and XIX/15. Types I/8, I/12, II/8, II/14, XIX/28 and XIX/30 which have a high soluble solid content, satisfactory yield and good quality of compote and juice, can be recommended for different aspects of processing., U ovom radu proučavane su važnije biološko-pomološke osobine kod 20 tipova vinogradske breskve, kolekcionisanih na Oglednom dobru "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu, kako bi se odabrali nabolji za potrošnju u svežem stanju i preradu. Proučavani tipovi pokazali su veliku varijabilnost u pogledu ispitivanih osobina. Na osnovu mase i atraktivnosti ploda, ukusa i skladnog odnosa šećera i kiselina kao najperspektivniji za potrošnju u svežem stanju mogu se preporučiti tipovi sa oznakama I/1, I/5 II/17, II/19 i XIX/15. Tipovi I/8, I/12, II/8, II/14, XIX/28 i XIX/30 koji imaju visok sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, zadovoljavajući prinos i dobar kvalitet kompota i soka mogu se preporučiti za razne vidove prerade.

Important pomologic-technological properties in 10 promising Oblačinska sour cherry clones, selected from production orchards of south Serbia, were investigated in this study. It is established that all investigated clones had round fruits, dark-red skin colour, intensive red colour of flesh and juice, and acid fruit taste. All of them ripened in the first decade of June. The lowest, i.e. highest, yield was recorded in the clone Dl (5.1 kg/tree) i.e. the clone D8 (20.6 kg/tree), respectively. The fruit weight varied from 2.62 g (clone D7) to 3.52 g (clone D4). The clone D8 showed the lowest soluble solid content (15.96%), while the highest soluble solid content was detected in the clone DIO (19.11%). The total acid content varied from 1.06% (clone D9) to 1.26% (clone D2). Results of the Tukey test showed that the largest number of significant differences among investigated clones was established for the yield. Moreover, significant differences between some clones were also established for fruit weight, stone weight, fruit juiciness fruit stalk length and total acid content. Considering the fact that clones D3, D4 and D8 had the highest yield, and that no significant differences were established among them, these clones can be recommend for further propagation and spreading in the production., U ovom radu su proučavane važnije pomološko-tehnološke osobine kod 10 perspektivnih klonova Oblačinske višnje selekcionisanih iz proizvodnih zasada južne Srbije. Utvrđeno je da su svi ispitivani klonovi imali okruglaste plodove, tamno crvenu boju pokožice, intenzivno crvenu boju mesa i soka i kiseo ukus ploda. Sazrevali su u prvoj dekadi juna. Najniži prinos imao je klon Dl (5,1 kg/stablu), a najviši klon D8 (20,6 kg/stablu). Masa ploda varirala je od 2,62 g (klon D7) do 3,52 g (klon D4). Klon D8 imao je najmanji sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (15,96%), dok je najveći sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija imao klon D10 (19,11%). Sadržaj ukupnih kiselina varirao je od 1,06% (klon D9) do 1,26% (klon D2). Rezultati Tukey testa pokazali su da je najveći broj značajnih razlika medu ispitivanim klonovima utvrđen za prinos. Pored toga, značajne razlike medu nekim klonovima ustanovljene su i za masu ploda, masu koštice, randman, dužinu peteljke ploda i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da su klonovi D3, D4 i D8 najprinosniji i da medu njima nisu utvrđene značajne razlike, oni se kao najperspektivniji mogu preporučiti za dalje umnožavanje i širenje u proizvodnji.

Based on examination of 10 important pomologic and technologic properties, genetic divergence of 10 selected Oblačinska sour cherry clones was established. The genetic divergence between the analyzed clones was determined using the hierarchical cluster analysis. The UPGA method was used and the Euclidean distance in order to determine the difference between the groups. Four similar clone groups were obtained on the dendrogram. The objective of clone differentiation was primarily yield, although other properties were taken into account as well. As the most yielded clones for the production, that can be recommended, were clone D8 or clone D4 that are genetically very similar, and clone D3., Oblačinska višnja predstavlja sortu populaciju koja obuhvata veliki broj formi različitih po bujnosti, rodnosti, vremenu sazrevanja, krupnoći, boji i kvalitetu plodova. Pošto Oblačinska višnja nije jedan klon već smeša velikog broja klonova (genotipova) nameće se potreba izdvajanja genetički divergentnih formi za eksploataciju i dalji oplemenjivački rad. U ovom radu prikazani su rezultati analize 10 selekcionisanih klonova Oblačinske višnje. Ogled je izveden na OD "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu. Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja analizirane su sledeće osobine: vreme sazrevanja, prinos, masa ploda, masa koštice, randman, dužina peteljke ploda, sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih šećera, sadržaj invertnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Genetička divergentnost između proučavanih klonova ustanovljena je primenom hijerarhijske klaster analize. Korišćenje UPGA metod, pri čemu je razlika između grupa izražena preko Euklideanovog rastojanja. Na dobijenom dendrogramu izdvojeno je četiri grupe srodnih klonova. Razdvajanje klonova u grupe bilo je prvenstveno u funkciji njihovog prinosa, mada su uticaj na razdvajanje imale i ostale proučavane osobine. Kao najprinosniji za proizvodnu praksu mogu se preporučiti klon D8 ili klon D4 koji su genetički veoma bliski i klon D3.

Hybridization or crossing of parental partners that are differ in one or more characteristics is the most appropriate method for creating new grapevine cultivars. In the aim for creating new cultivars that are resistant to diseases and unfavorable ecological conditions but with high yield and grape quality, in numerous grapevine breeding programs interspecies hybridization is applied. At Experimental filed "Radmilovac", of Agricultural Faculty in Belgrade, during several years breeders are working to create new grapevine cultivars by interspecies hybridization as well. From numerous crossing combinations a large number of interesting hybrids for recognition as new varieties or for further improvement are obtained. Since selected hybrids details of 6 promising hybrids for fresh consumption are given in this paper. Hybrids with codes 19295 and 19308 were selected from crossing combination Muscat Hamburg x Seedling 108, hybrid with code 19403 was selected from crossing combination Seedling 108 x Muscat Hamburg, and hybrids with codes 20453, 20493 and 20506 were selected from crossing combination Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg., Iz mnogobrojnih kombinacija interspecies ukrštanja, na Oglednom školskom dobru "Radmilovac" Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Beogradu, dobijen je veliki broj hibrida interesantnih za priznavanje kao nove sorte ili za dalji oplemenjivački rad. Od selekcionisanih hibrida, u ovom radu, detaljnije će se opisati 6 perspektivnih hibrida pogodnih za stonu upotrebu. Hibridi sa šiframa 19295 i 19308 selekcionisani su iz kombinacije ukrštanja Muskat hamburg x Sejanac 108, hibrid sa šifrom 19403 selekcionisan je iz kombinacije ukrštanja Sejanac 108 h Muskat hamburg, a hibridi sa šiframa 20453, 20493 i 20506 selekcionisani su iz kombinacije ukrštanja Sejanac 113 x Muskat hamburg.

The mode of inheritance of some important quality and quantity grapevine properties was investigated in 34 seedlings of F1 generation of the combination cross of Villard Noir x Muscat Hamburg. Monogenic inheritance was established for the color of berry skin and cluster resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Exception to monogenic inheritance has been determined for the flavour of berry. The negative heterosis was established for both, the grape yield and sugar content in must. The dominance of a parent with a low bunch weight and a low total acid content in must was determined in the inheritance of the bunch weight and the total acid content in must. The partial dominance of a parent with low berry weight was detected for the berry weight., U radu je proučavan način nasleđivanja važnijih kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih osobina vinove loze kod 34 sejanaca F1 generacije iz kombinacije ukrštanja Villard noir x Muskat hamburg. Za boju pokožice bobice i otpornost grozda na Botrytis cinerea ustanovljeno je monogensko nasleđivanje. Odstupanje od monogenskog nasleđivanja utvrđeno je za ukus bobice. Prinos grožđa i sadržaj šećera u sin pokazali su negativan heterozis. Za masu grozda i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina u širi utvrđena je dominacija roditelja sa niskom masom grozda i niskim sadržajem ukupnih kiselina u širi. Za masu bobice ustanovljena je parcijalna dominacija roditelja sa niskom masom bobice.

Der erste Teil besteht aus den Vorbemerkungen, die theoretischen und methodischen Rahmen, die erstellung des Themas,und Bestimmung des Gegenstands der Forschung so wie Operationalisierung allen Phasen der Forschung. Der erster Teilbesteht aber auch aus derErklärung wie die Gründung des Staates der Südslawen begonnen hat, und über die soziale Struktur des gemeinsamen Staates. In den ersten Teil kann man sehen wie die Frage der Ausgleichung des Rechtssystem war sowie die politischen und rechtlichen Systems des Königreichs der Serben, Kroaten und Slowenen und die Position der jüdischen Gemeinde in den neuen Staat. Der zweite Teil besteht aus diesozialgeschichtliche Position der jüdische Gemeinde in der damaligen Fürstentum, dann das Königreich Serbien. Der zweite Teil besteht auch aus einem historischen Überblick über die soziodemographischen Merkmale der jüdischen Gemeinschaft im Königreich Serbien, vor und nach dem Berliner Kongress im Jahre 1878, vor und nach den Balkankriegen im Königreich SHS, späterKönigreich Jugoslawien. Der dritte Teil der Dissertation zeigt die Komparative Bewertung der antisemitische Gesetzgebung in Deutschland und ausgewählten europäischen Ländern und Umgebung. Der vierte Teilerklärt, wie der numerus clausus 1940 in das Königreich Jugoslawieneingeführt wird. Durch die vorläufige Analyse der Außenpolitik und internationalen rechtlichen Aspekte wird klar wie das Königreich näher den Dreimächtepakt gekommen ist. So wie die Auswirkungen auf die jüdische Gemeinde mit einen theoretischen Überblick über die Rechtskraft und die Normenhierarchie in das Königreich Jugoslawien. Es weist auf die Verordnung als eine Möglichkeit der Governance. Es wird klar wie die soziale Bedingungen zu dem Zeitpunkt waren. Die Verordnung begrentzt die Rechte der Juden. DieseEreignisse können durch Content-Analyse und Überprüfung der Tagespresse gesehen. Hier wird die Lage der jüdischen Gemeinschaft im Königreich für den Zeitraum 1939-1940beschrieben. Und eine Analyse vo, The first part of dissertation, comprises the introductory sections, the theoretical and methodological framework, consideration of the topic, determining the object of research and operationalization of all phases of research, including the scientific and practical contribution. Besides that, this part of the dissertation includes the explanation of the process of creation the state of the South Slavs, the social structure of it, constitutional features, equalizing the legal system, as well as the political and legal system of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of SCS) and the position of the Jewish community in the new state. The second part of dissertation, comprises the socio-historical position of the Jewish community in the Principality, and later in the Kingdom of Serbia, that includes a historical overview of the socio-demographic characteristics of the Jewish community in the Kingdom of Serbia, before and after the Berlin Congress in 1878, before and after the Balkan wars, as well as their position in the Kingdom of SCS, later Kingdom of Yugoslavia, with analyzing the socio religious and economic situation of the Jewish community. The third part of the doctoral dissertation indicates the comparative review of anti-Semitic legislation in Germany and in selected European countries and regions. The fourth part includes Quota 1940 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, through preliminary analysis of foreign policy and international legal aspects of the functioning of the Kingdom and it's convergence to the Trilateral pact, and its impact on the Jewish community with a theoretical overview on the legislation and the hierarchy of legal acts in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Also, this part of dissertation points to the Regulation as a way of governance, social conditions at the time the regulations on restricting the rights of Jews, through content analysis and review of daily press on the topic of position of the Jewish community in the Kingdom for the perio

UVOD: Vilisov poligon predstavlja najznačajniju rezervu kolateralnog protoka između ekstrakranijalnih arterija koje vaskularizuju mozak i ima sposobnost razvoja kolateranih puteva kod ekstrakranijalne karotidne bolesti. Ova anatomska struktura podložna je varijacijama koje uključuju i prekid kontinuiteta i nekompletnost kolateralizacije. CILJEVI: Cilj je bio da se utvrdi da li nekompletnost Vilisovog poligona utiče na češće pojavljivanje neurološke simptomatologije i ishemijske moždane lezije kod pacijenata sa ekstrakranijalnom karotidnom bolesti. Takođe cilj je bio i da se utvrdi da li cerebrovaskularna reaktivnost kod pacijenata sa asimptomatskom ekstrakranijalnom karotidnom bolesti zavisi od kompletosti Vilisovog poligona i na koji način hirurški tretman utiče na parametre cerebrovaskularne rezerve kod pacijenata sa kompletnim i nekompletnim Vilisovim poligonom. METOD: U retrospektivnoj studiji analiziran je nalaz MRA kod 211 pacijenata sa ekstrakranijalnom karotidnom bolesti i 102 pacijenta iz kontrolne grupe. U prospektivnoj studiji je kod 98 pacijenata sa asimptomatskom karotidnom bolesti pored MRA nalaza određivana cerebrovaskularna reaktivnost putem određivanja „breath hold index“-a (BHI) pre i nakon operativnog tretmana. REZULTATI: Nekompletan Vilisov poligon nađen je kod 25% asimptomatskih, 47,5% simptomatskih pacijenata sa karotidnom bolesti i kod 59% kontrolne grupe pacijenata, pri čemu su se razlike pokazale kao statistički značajne. Kod asimptomatskih pacijenata sa nekompletnim Vilisovim poligonom BHI preoperativno iznostio je 0,62 a postoperativno 1,01 na strani lezije. U slučaju nekompletnog Vilisovog poligona preoperativna vrednost BHI iznostila je 0,88 a postoperativna 1,09 na strani lezije. Razlike su se pokazale kao statistički značajne između grupa i pre i posle operativnog tretmana. Porast je bio statistički značajno izraženiji u grupi asimptomatskih pacijenata sa nekompletnim Vilisovim poligonom. Nisu zabeležene major operativne komplikacije (, INTRODUCTION: Circle of Willis is the most important reserve of collateral flow between the extracranial arteries that supply the brain and has the ability to develop collateral pathways in extracranial carotid disease. This anatomical structure is subject to variations which include a disruption in the continuity and incompleteness of collateralisation. OBJECTIVES: was to determine whether the incompleteness of the Circle of Willis is more often associated with neurological symptoms and ishemic cerebral lesions in patients with extracranial carotid artery disease. Also, the objective was to determine whether cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery disease depends on the completeness Circle of Willis and how surgical treatment affects the parameters of cerebrovascular reserve in patients with complete and incomplete Circle of Willis. METHODS: This study analyzed the findings of MRA in 211 patients with extracranial carotid artery disease and 102 patients in the control group. In prospective study in 98 patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease in addition to the MRA findings cerebrovascular reactivity was determined by determining the "breath hold index" -a (BHI) before and after surgical treatment. RESULTS: Incomplete Circle of Willis was found in 25% of asymptomatic, 47.5% of symptomatic patients with carotid artery disease, and 59% of the control group patients, where the difference proved to be statistically significant. In asymptomatic patients with incomplete Circle of Willis BHI values were 0.62 preoperatively and 1.01 postoperatively on the side of the lesion. In the case of incomplete Circle of Willis preoperative BHI values were 0.88 preopertively and 1.09 postoperatively in asymptomatic patients. The differences are shown to be statistically significant between the groups before and after surgical treatment. The increase was significantly more pronounced in the group of asymptomatic patients with incomp

Код осам сорти дуње: Лесковачка, Врањска, Морава, Пазарџијска, Хемус, Асеница, Португалска и Тријумф испитиване су репродуктивне карактеристике, као и помолошке особине у београдском воћарском подручју, у периоду од 2010. до 2013. године. Методом светлосне микроскопије испитивани су: процес микроспорогенезе, клијавост полена и раст поленових цевчица in vitro, као и сингамија, постоплодни процеси и аномалије у грађи ембрионове кесице. Анализа морфолошких особина полена урађена је помоћу скенирајуће електронске микроскопије. Методом флуоресцентне микроскопије анализирани су квантитативни показатељи раста поленових цевчица (бројност и динамика раста), као и појава инкомпатибилности и специфичног раста поленових цевчица у тучку. Заметање плодова је утврђено у пољским условима. Стандардним методама проучаване су следеће помолошке особине: фенолошке особине (фенофазе од почетка вегетације до цветања, цветање и сазревање плодова, као и завршетак вегетације), морфолошке особине стабла, једногодишњег изданка, цвета, листа, плода и семена, родност и квалитет плода (хемијски састав и сензоричка оцена). Анализом процеса мејозе у микроспорогенези утврђено је да је он био у одређеном степену ирегуларан. Најправилнији ток мејозе и највећу клијавост полена имале су сорте Асеница и Тријумф, док је најнеправилнији ток мејозе и најмању клијавост полена имала сорта Лесковачка. На основу морфолошке анализе полена утврђено је да је облик поленових зрна варирао од пролатног (Лесковачка, Врањска, Морава, Хемус, Асеница и Тријумф) до перпролатног (Пазарџијска и Португалска). Орнаментика егзине код свих сорти је била стријатна, са мање или више паралелним лонгитудиналним гребенима. Динамика раста поленових цевчица кроз стубић и плодник тучка, сингамија, постоплодни процеси и рана ембриогенеза, као и заметање плодова првенствено су зависили од генотипа сорте, начина опрашивања и метеоролошких услова у време цветања. Код свих проучаваних сорти дуње установљен је бржи раст поленових цевчица, ве, Eight cultivars of quince: Leskovacka, Vranjska, Morava, Pazardzijska, Hemus, Asenica, Portugal and Triumph were the subject of investigating their reproductive characteristics, as well as pomological traits in the Belgrade fruit region, in the period from 2010 to 2013. Using light microscopy the following traits were studied: the process of microsporogenesis, pollen germination and growing of pollen tubes in vitro, as well as syngamy, post-fertilization processes and anomalies in the structure of embryo sac. The analysis of morphological traits of pollen was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Using the method of fluorescence microscopy, quantitative indicators of pollen tubes growing (number and growth dynamics) were analyzed, as well as incompatibility and unusual behavior of pollen tubes growth in the pistil. Fruit set was determined under field conditions. Standard methods were used to investigate the following pomological traits: phenological traits (phenophases from the beginning of vegetation to blooming, blooming, fruit ripening, as well as the end of vegetation), morphological traits of tree, shoot, flower, leaf, fruit and seed, productivity and fruit quality (chemical composition and sensory evaluation). Analyzing the process of meiosis in microsporogenesis, it was determined that it was irregular in some extent. The most regular course of meiosis and the largest pollen germination was noticed in Asenica and Triumph cultivars, while the most irregular course of meiosis and the smallest pollen germination was found in Leskovacka cultivar. Based on morphological analysis of pollen it is determined that the shape of pollen grains varied from prolate (Leskovacka, Vranjska, Morava, Hemus, Asenica and Triumph) to perprolate (Pazardzijska and Portugal). Ornamentation of the exine in all of the cultivars was striate, with more or less parallel longitudinal ridges. Dynamics of growing pollen tubes through the style and the pistil of ovary, syngamy, postf

Поморско право, пружа јасан увид у начин настанка и развијања правних норми на основу развоја и ширења одређених делатности у друштвеним заједницама. Потреба заједницâ да очува одређене односе настале око таквих делатности, и да их даље развија, довела је до њиховог нормирања и коди фикације. Са сваком значајнијом променом у организацији кључних делатности, овај процес се стално обнављао, што је условљавало и промену уређења заједница. На примеру поморског права то може да се прати скоро непрекидно, од првих писаних правних споменика, до данас. Међусобна повезаност поморства и трговине, један је од кључних подстрекача овог развоја, и чини га нарочито живим. Потреба за проширењем тржишта ставља пред поморство увек изнова проширене захтеве, а технички развоје поморства омогућио је узлет трговине. Због тога су заједнице настале око поморске и, нужно, трговинске делатности, у свом трајању увек показивале динамичност и активизам. Њиховој делатној природи може се захвалити и за настанак и развој правног оквира поморства и поморске трговине. Као посебна по значају и доприносу, издваја се епоха развоја поморства и трговине у средњем веку, и касније, до настанка грађански х друштвен их и правних система, у аутономним комунама и државама на Јадран у. Водећа међу њима, свакако је била Венеција, али су свој не мали допринос грађењу поморског права, дала и два града на источној обали Адриатика - Котор и Дубровник. Њихови статути богато су правно наслеђе, сведочанство о доприносу општем току развоја поморског права; уз ова два основна правна споменика, стоје подједнако важни и други : статути братовштина, остали поморско-правни зборници, као и бројне нотарске исправе. Котор се у општем току развоја поморства и поморске трговине, издвојио нарочитом улогом једног струковног удружења, Братовштине Светог Николе Морнара., Maritime law offers a clear example of how legal norms originated and developed on the basis of the development and expansion of certain activities in social communities. The need of these communities to preserve certain relations associated with such activities and to elaborate them further led to their standardization and codification. This process was constantly renewed with each significant change in the organization of key activities, and that also entailed a change in the organization of communities. This process can be traced almost continuously in the field of maritime law, from the first written legal records to the present day. The interrelationship of seafaring and trade is one of the key propellants of this development and contributes greatly to its intensity. The need for the expansion of markets makes consta nt and increasing demands to seafaring, and the technical development of maritime traffic contributed greatly to the flourishing of trade. Therefore the communities engaged in maritime and, necessarily, commercial activity have always displayed considerable dynamic energy and activism. It is to their efforts that we owe the origin and development of the legal framework of seafaring activity and of maritime trade. The seafaring traffic and trade in the autonomous communes and states in the Adriatic made a particularly valuable contribution to this development not only in the Middle Ages, but also later, during the period preceding the emergence of civic social and legal systems. The most important of these communities was certainly Venice, but two towns on the eastern coast of the Adriatic – Kotor and Dubrovnik – also made notable contributions to the elaboration of maritime law. Their statutes represent a rich legal heritage and testify to the general development of maritime law. In addition to these two basic legal monuments they also have numerous other important records, including statutes of fraternities, collections of texts dealing with marit

Код шест перспективних генотипова шљиве створених у Институту за воћарство у Чачку (хибриди 38/62/70, IV/63/81, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 и 22/17/87 и сорта Нада) испитиванe су најзначајније фенолошке особине (време цветања и зрења), репродуктивне особине (клијавост полена in vitro, квантитативни параметри раста поленових цевчица in vivo и иницијално и финално заметање плодова у варијантама самоопрашивања, слободног опрашивања и страноопрашивања) и помолошке особине (морфометрија плода и коштице, хемијски састав и органолептичка оцена плода), параметри бујности и родности, као и отпорност на вирус шарке шљиве и проузроковаче економски најзначајнијих гљивичних болести шљиве. Истраживања су обављена у колекционом засаду шљиве од 2009. до 2011. године у еколошким условима Чачка коришћењем стандардне методологије. Сорта Чачанска лепотица је послужила као стандард. Хибриди 38/62/70, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 и 22/17/87 су имали средње, хибрид IV/63/81 позно, а сорта Нада веома позно време цветања. Хибриди 38/62/70 и IV/63/81 су се одликовали раним, хибрид 32/21/87 средњим, а сорта Нада и хибриди 34/41/87 и 22/17/87 касним временом зрења. Сви проучавани генотипови, изузев сорте Нада, су се одликовали добром клијавошћу полена. Број поленових цевчица и локализација најдужих поленових цевчица у појединим регионима тучка у три термина фиксирања су варирали зависно од генотипа мајке, варијанте опрашивања, утицаја метеоролошких фактора и њихових међусобних интеракција. На основу вредности финалног заметања плодова у варијантама самоопрашивања и страноопрашивања утврђено је да: хибрид 32/21/87 и сорта Нада припадају групи генотипова ниског, хибриди 38/62/70 и IV/63/81 групи генотипова средњег, а хибриди 34/41/87 и 22/17/87 групи генотипова високог нивоа самооплодности; сорта Чачанска лепотица представља задовољавајућег опрашивача за хибриде IV/63/81 и 32/21/87 и доброг опрашивача за сорту Нада и хибриде 38/62/70, 34/41/87 и 22/17/87..., Major phenological characteristics (time of flowering and maturation), reproductive traits (in vitro pollen germination, quantitative parameters of in vivo pollen tube growth and initial and final fruit set under self-, open- and cross-pollination), pomological characteristics (fruit and stone morphometry, chemical composition and organoleptic score of the fruit), vigor and productivity parameters, and resistance to plum pox virus and to causal agents of the most economically important fungal diseases were evaluated in six promising plum genotypes developed at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak (hybrids 38/62/70, IV/63/81, 32/21/87, 34/41/87, 22/17/87 and cultivar ʻNadaʼ). Research was conducted in a plum collection orchard during 2009-2011 under environmental conditions of Čačak (Serbia) using standard methods. The plum cultivar ʻČačanska Lepotica’ was used as the control for comparison. Flowering time was medium in the hybrids 38/62/70, 32/21/87, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 late in hybrid IV/63/81 and very late in cultivar ʻNadaʼ. The hybrids 38/62/70 and IV/63/81 were classified as early maturing, hybrid 32/21/87 matured mid-season, and cultivar ʻNadaʼ, as well as hybrids 34/41/87 and 22/17/87 had late maturing time. All genotypes tested, excepting cultivar ʻNadaʼ, showed good pollen germination. The number of pollen tubes and localization of the longest pollen tubes in certain regions of the pistil at three fixation terms varied with the mother's genotype, pollination treatment, effect of meteorological factors and their interactions. Final fruit set values under self- and cross-pollination showed the following: the rate of self-pollination was low in hybrid 32/21/87 and cultivar ʻNadaʼ, medium in hybrids 38/62/70 and IV/63/81, and high in hybrids 34/41/87 and 22/17/87; cultivar ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ was a satisfactory pollenizer of hybrids IV/63/81 and 32/21/87, and a good pollenizer of cultivar ʻNadaʼ, and hybrids 38/62/70, 34/41/87 and 22/17/87. Compared to the cont

Large amounts of fruit seeds, especially peach, are discarded annually in juice or conserve producing industries which is a potential waste of valuable resource and serious disposal problem. Regarding the fact that peach seeds can be obtained as a byproduct from processing companies their exploitation should be greater and, consequently more information of cultivars' kernels and their composition is required. A total of 25 samples of kernels from various peach germplasm (including commercial cultivars, perspective hybrids and vineyard peach accessions) differing in origin and ripening time were characterized by evaluation of their sugar composition. Twenty characteristic carbohydrates and sugar alcohols were determined and quantified using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC/PAD). Sucrose, glucose and fructose are the most important sugars in peach kernels similar to other representatives of the Rosaceae family. Also, high amounts of sugars in seeds of promising hybrids implies that through conventional breeding programs peach kernels with high sugar content can be obtained. In addition, by the means of several pattern recognition methods the variables that discriminate peach kernels arising from diverse germplasm and different stage of maturity were identified and successful models for further prediction were developed. Sugars such as ribose, trehalose, arabinose, galactitol, fructose, maltose, sorbitol, sucrose, iso-maltotriose were marked as most important for such discrimination.