151. Uncompetitive antagonism of AMPA receptors: Mechanistic insights from studies of polyamine toxin derivatives.
- Author
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Andersen TF, Tikhonov DB, Bølcho U, Bolshakov K, Nelson JK, Pluteanu F, Mellor IR, Egebjerg J, and Strømgaard K
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Binding Sites, Calcium physiology, In Vitro Techniques, Models, Molecular, Molecular Structure, Oocytes drug effects, Oocytes physiology, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Polyamines chemistry, Polyamines pharmacology, Potassium Channels chemistry, Rats, Receptors, AMPA genetics, Receptors, AMPA physiology, Stereoisomerism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tyrosine analogs & derivatives, Tyrosine chemistry, Wasp Venoms chemistry, Xenopus laevis, Polyamines chemical synthesis, Receptors, AMPA antagonists & inhibitors, Toxins, Biological chemistry
- Abstract
Philanthotoxins are uncompetitive antagonists of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors presumed to bind to the pore-forming region, but a detailed molecular mechanism for this interaction is missing. Here a small library of novel philanthotoxins was designed and synthesized using a solid-phase strategy. The biological activities were investigated at cloned and "native" AMPA receptors using electrophysiological techniques. A distinct relationship between length of the polyamine moiety and the location of a secondary amino group was observed. Fitting the data to the Woodhull equation allowed the first experimental demonstration of the relative location and orientation of the philanthotoxin molecule in the receptor. These results were corroborated by in silico studies using a homology model of the AMPA receptor ion channel. Together these studies provide strong evidence for a molecular mechanism by which polyamine toxins antagonize the AMPA receptor ion channel and provide the basis for rational development of uncompetitive antagonists of AMPA receptors.
- Published
- 2006
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