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In the 1st part of the article, we learned about the progress of solar explosives from a medium quality explosive manufacturer to a major defense armaments manufacturer in India. We discussed: consolidation of the business with high value customer accrual, diversification of the business - from mass mine explosives to blasting accessories to ammunition, alignment with multiple foreign partners, sourcing cheap investments from various countries, understanding Indian defense imports were rising leading to currency issues and finally the early mover advantage in to the defense sector. The learning of the SAM and MOGI companies is that they have to seize with new opportunities and persist with them as vigorously as possible. In this conclusive part we discuss what Solar did differently: their achievements, the timing, the alignment, keeping the operations keyed to share market moves, the organizational moves and total productive maintenance to produce quality products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the effect of servicification on global value chain (GVC) upgrading within the context of China's manufacturing industry. Utilising comprehensive data on manufacturing value-added, we present new evidence for the influence of servicification on the GVC position of the manufacturing industry in China. We find that although domestic and aggregate servicification enhances GVC, foreign servicification curtails the GVCs of manufacturing firms. Our results show that foreign direct investment, capital intensity and institutions are GVC enhancing. At the same time, the increased global market share of the Chinese manufacturing industry has reduced the GVC of manufacturing firms in China. From a policy perspective, the results highlight the need to take cognisance of the heterogeneity of manufacturing firms and the impact of domestic and foreign servicification on the GVC of manufacturing firms in China. Total servicification and domestic servicification enhanced the GVC position of Chinese manufacturing industry. Foreign servicification worsened the GVC position of Chinese manufacturing industry. Foreign direct investment, capital intensity and institutions are GVC-enhancing, while increased global market share is GVC-impeding. The GFC exacerbated the adverse impact of foreign servicification on the GVC position of Chinese manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study employed various descriptive, conceptual, and empirical models to measure South Africa's competitiveness in the Asian strategic markets concerning its competitors from 2003 to 2022. The competitiveness measurements included relative comparative advantage, the net export index, relative trade advantage, and constant market share analysis. The data were sourced from official databases such as the World Bank, FAO, ITC, export potential map, and World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS). The South African competitiveness of oranges in the specified strategic markets realized a positive competitive effect of 2.46%, indicating a gain in the market due to increased competitiveness of the fresh food sector in the world market. The RCA values were above 1, with most of the values closer to 20 indicating that South Africa has a good comparative advantage in the production of oranges. Egypt and Greece were the competitors, with average values of 16.9 and 19.7, respectively. The South African orange industry has positive export performance, with values close to 100, which indicates that the country is a net exporter of oranges and is experiencing a sustained comparative advantage. The RTA index values were mostly positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing planning is essential for a company. Effective marketing planning helps MSMEs to be able to target the appropriate market share and have a sustainable competitive advantage related to increasing sales turnover. However, implementing appropriate marketing strategies is still an obstacle for MSMEs. In this case, MSMEs who are members of Genpro DIY Kedu apparently still have problems regarding how to arrange effective marketing plans. Therefore, this community service program aims to provide technical understanding and training in marketing planning for MSMEs. After participating in this program, MSMEs are expected to be able to develop an effective marketing plan to increase sales and their competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intermittence and unpredictability of large-scale renewable integration poses significant challenges to the operation of the electricity market. New paradigms of the joint electricity spot market (EM) and ancillary service market (ASM) incorporating frequency regulation (FR) and flexible ramping product (FRP) are considered as potential solutions, addressing the challenge of limited compatibility in the electricity market with the widespread integration of renewable sources. This work focuses on three critical technical obstacles: optimizing the joint market mechanisms, constructing bidding models, and exploring algorithmic solutions. This paper presents a brief review of recent research on bidding mechanisms, models, and strategies for the electricity joint market with high-penetration renewable integration. Furthermore, challenges and future research prospects of these issues are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human rights violations and pressing environmental issues have tainted agricultural trade. The role of international market demand for commodities such as soy in causing those problems is clear, yet they remain mostly unaddressed. Therefore, European countries have led a new global trend on mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence (HREDD), advancing the EU's growing global regulatory ambitions. Here, we analyse the prospects for successful externalisation of Europe's sustainability standards – a 'Brussels Effect' – using Brazilian soy as a case. Our analysis exposes how the practice of supply chain divergence (i.e., the segmentation of exports tailored to different consumer requirements) can easily evade policy impacts and negate their additionality where Europe commands a minor market share. To avoid becoming just a niche market in these cases, the EU would need to expand on its actions, (i) engaging with other major consumer countries to export its standards, (ii) doubling down on HREDD's coverage to include financial actors and companies trading with other markets, or (iii) moving beyond 'do no harm' policies to adopt more strategically targeted 'do good' instruments to counter drivers of deforestation on the landscape level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the performance of ISO 9001‐certified manufacturing firms in Ghana. Specifically, we explore the effect of CSR on the market value and profitability of manufacturing firms in Ghana that have adopted ISO 9001. We use panel data estimation techniques to examine the empirical link between CSR activities and the performance of ISO 9001 certified manufacturing firms. Our panel data was pooled from a total of 65 ISO 9001‐certified manufacturing firms in Ghana observed over 5 years yielding a total of 325 firm‐year observations. Our empirical results show that there is a positive relationship between CSR, market share and profitability of ISO 9001‐certified manufacturing firms. The results are indicative that firms stand to gain if they adopt a more deliberate strategy toward CSR activities. This study provides significant input to the extant literature and offers a comprehensive guide to policy makers and management of ISO 9001‐certified manufacturing firms on CSR engagement in emerging economies like Ghana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A differential game model has been utilised in this paper to analyse the dynamic strategic problems of online advertising in a two-echelon supply chain. First, the level of spillover effects has been introduced to examine the impact of different types of online advertising. Second, based on the improved Lanchester model, a dynamic investment decision model for online advertising has been developed. The results of the simulation describe the market share, online advertising investment amount and profit changes over time. Finally, by using the Rubinstein bargaining model, a proposal for a distribution mechanism is developed to achieve the coordination of a two-echelon supply chain system under strategic alliances. We find that: (1) The e-retailer's use of position-fixed online advertising is inversely proportional to the spillover effect. (2) When the two e-retailers are in a symmetrical position, the manufacturer is better off by choosing the e-retailer to form the strategic alliance; when in an asymmetric position, a manufacturer is expected to choose to not give e-retailer subsidies to maximise the supply chain profits. (3) The party with a stronger negotiation ability may bear more losses even though it may gain more profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: China initiated the Medical Alliances (MAs) reform to enhance resource allocation efficiency and ensure equitable healthcare. In response to challenges posed by the predominance of public hospitals, the reform explores public-private partnerships within the MAs. Notably, private hospitals can now participate as either leading or member institutions. This study aims to evaluate the dynamic shifts in market share between public and private hospitals across diverse MAs models. Methods: Data spanning April 2017 to March 2019 for Dangyang County's MA and January 2018 to December 2019 for Qianjiang County's MA were analyzed. Interrupted periods occurred in April 2018 and January 2019. Using independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, and interrupted time series analysis (ITSA), we compared the proportion of hospital revenue, the proportion of visits for treatment, and the average hospitalization days of discharged patients between leading public hospitals and leading private hospitals, as well as between member public hospitals and member private hospitals before and after the reform. Results: After the MAs reform, the revenue proportion decreased for leading public and private hospitals, while member hospitals saw an increase. However, ITSA revealed a notable rise trend in revenue proportion for leading private hospitals (p < 0.001), with a slope of 0.279% per month. Member public and private hospitals experienced decreasing revenue proportions, with outpatient visits proportions declining in member public hospitals by 0.089% per month (p < 0.05) and inpatient admissions proportions dropping in member private hospitals by 0.752% per month (p < 0.001). The average length of stay in member private hospitals increased by 0.321 days per month after the reform (p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study underscores the imperative to reinforce oversight and constraints on leading hospitals, especially private leading hospitals, to curb the trend of diverting patients from member hospitals. At the same time, for private hospitals that are at a disadvantage in competition and may lead to unreasonable prolongation of hospital stay, this kind of behavior can be avoided by strengthening supervision or granting leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design. Retrospective case series. Objective. To characterize failure rates of cervical cages based on manufacturer and design characteristics using the nationwide database of reported malfunctions. Background. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) aims to ensure the safety and efficacy of cervical interbody implants postimplantation; however, intraoperative malfunctions may be overlooked. Materials and Methods. The FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database was queried for reports of cervical cage device malfunctions from 2012 to 2021. Each report was categorized based on the failure type, implant design, and manufacturer. Two market analyses were performed. First, "failure-to-market share indices" were generated by dividing the number of failures per year for each implant material by its yearly US market share in cervical spine fusion. Second, "failure-to-revenue indices" were calculated by dividing the total number of failures per year for each manufacturer by their approximate yearly revenue from spinal implants in the US. Outlier analysis was performed to generate a threshold value above which failure rates were defined as greater than the normal index. Results. In total, 1336 entries were identified, and 1225 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 354 (28.9%) were cage breakages, 54 (4.4%) were cage migrations, 321 (26.2%) were instrumentationrelated failures, 301 (24.6%) were assembly failures, and 195 (15.9%) were screw failures. Poly-ether-ether-ketone implants had higher failure by market share indices for both migration and breakage compared with titanium. Upon manufacturer market analysis, Seaspine, Zimmer-Biomet, K2M, and LDR exceeded the failure threshold. Conclusion. The most common cause of implant malfunction was breakage. Poly-ether-ether-ketone cages were more likely to break and migrate compared with titanium ones. Many of these implant failures occurred intraoperatively during instrumentation, which underscores the need for FDA evaluation of these implants and their accompanying instrumentation under the appropriate loading conditions before commercial approval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past ten years, lots of new data-driven products and services for tools, machinery and equipment have been developed. While several new players from other industries gained a certain market share, plant and machinery producers also started to enhance their portfolio to take on new data-driven products and services because of the technological changes in Industry 4.0. As a first part of the research, an extensive market study was carried out to analyze how many German companies already offer data-based products and services in addition to their core machines and understand what kind of offerings they make. To classify these offerings, a scheme based on established Industry 4.0 maturity models was developed. In brief, the market for data-driven products and services is still developing, with few technology leaders and fast movers taking the largest share. While the market study gave an overview of what was on offer, the second part of this contribution analyzes how the fast movers with a high level of Industry 4.0 maturity conducted their data-driven services and products. Thus, these few companies were analyzed in more detail, based on public material as well as subsequent expert interviews. Most fast movers in this study relied on the same patterns and approaches, especially when looking at organizational issues such as customer-driven innovation, agile organization of operations, mixed teams, partnering and portfolio enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to present research results on the competition on the bread market of Kyiv and its region to identify strategic development directions, considering changes in consumer needs during economic and geopolitical turbulence. The research methods included: socio-economic analysis to assess the impact of turbulence on the bread market in Kyiv and its region; statistical analysis to quantify and compare market parameters with those in Ukraine; index method to evaluate market concentration; SLEPT analysis to examine external factors affecting the market during turbulence; and other methods. The pandemic transformed the bread market due to rising prices, increased demand, and disrupted logistics. During the war, infrastructure destruction, grain theft, and consumer migration led to a decline in bakery production, changes in value chains focusing on security, and rising selling prices. The issues like delayed payments and a shift to online sales have emerged. Regionalization of bread markets increased, with producers concentrated in 1-2 regions, defining local supply and prices. The market shifted from weakly to highly concentrated in 2022, becoming moderately concentrated in 2023. Core players, such as Kyiv BCC LLC and Kyiv Regional Bak Complex LLC, showed resilience, while income differentiation remained average. A trend towards organic products, driven by safety concerns, has also been noted. The results of this study are relevant to participants of regional bread markets who aim to implement marketing strategies during periods of turbulence. The findings assess the economic situation on the bread market of Kyiv and its region, highlighting potential strategic development directions for producers during wartime based on marketing and logistics principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Lack of studies on market concentration both on the supply and demand sides. • Case: commercial and industrial non-hazardous solid waste in Chile. • Tonnes valorised stagnated and valorisation rate dropped between 2015 and 2019. • Top 10 percent generation companies concentrate 90 percent of tonnes generated. • Top generators also concentrate between 20 and 40 percent of valorisation. Market concentration among buyers of recycled materials is a phenomenon discussed since the 1980 s by the anti-trust literature. Yet, there is still a lack of studies on simultaneous market concentration on both the supply and demand sides. This is particularly relevant when Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies produce two-sided waste generation and valorisation markets. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the link between market concentration on the generation side and market share on the valorisation side. Specifically, this research addresses the case of valorisation of commercial and industrial non-hazardous waste in Chile. The analysis covers 261 companies that valorised industrial and commercial non-hazardous waste between 2015 and 2019. Being part of the top 10 % of generator companies in Chile is significantly correlated to higher valorisation market share, in a context in which mean market share per company decreased, total tons valorised stagnated, and the country-level valorisation rate diminished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debt is a financial instrument used by companies to finance their growth, make investments and maintain efficient operations. The market share index (MPI) is an indicator of a company's competitive position in its respective market. This application studies the relationship between indebtedness and MPI in a data set of companies in the manufacturing environment belonging to zone 3 of Ecuador. For the resolution of this study, two phases are used, the first one resides in a Spearman correlation analysis, the second one establishes a relational case by means of an automated boosting regression. The results show that a positive relationship coexists between short-term indebtedness and asset indebtedness, and MPI. This suggests that firms with significant levels of short-term indebtedness and asset indebtedness tend to have higher MPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses a sample of Chinese listed firms to examine how overconfident CEOs influence firm risk, with product market competitiveness serving as a moderator. The findings of this investigation reveal that firms led by overconfident CEOs are more likely to have very volatile stock returns and cash flows, which runs counter to the predictions of traditional agency theories that assume agents are rational and risk averse. The results also demonstrate that non-state-owned firms are particularly susceptible to the unfavorable effects of overconfidence. Furthermore, except for state-owned firms, a competitive industrial environment may mitigate the negative consequences of CEO overconfidence. These outcomes suggest policy makers and regulators to formulate strategies for promoting stronger competition in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the fast-evolving real world, multi-objective decision-oriented (MODO) problems are commonplace. where game theory plays a vital role. One example of a MODO problem that requires strategic decision-making to figure out a balance between conflicting objectives in a competitive market context is the telecom market share (TMS) problem. The proposed study focuses on the TMS problem, where two stakeholders, Player I representing the telecom company and Player Il as the investor, aim to maximize profits and minimize risks. To address uncertainties in proposed problems, the parameters of the multi-objective telecom market share (MOTMS) problem are transformed into single-valued neutrosophic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (SVNTFNs). In the proposed study. two different methodologies have been proposed and applied to solve the MOTN/IS problem with parameters of SVNTFNs. The first involves constructing linear programming problems (LPPs) and applying the Nash bargaining approach to balance conflicting interests in the telecom share market. The second uses the single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy goal programming (SVNFGP) approach. In the case of the TMS. the proposed approaches give decision-makers a clear method for determining a compromise between maximizing profits for telecom companies and minimizing risks for investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of polymer science and technology in recent decades has been remarkable, with synthetic polymers derived predominantly from petroleum-based sources dominating the market. However, concerns about their environmental impacts and the finite nature of fossil resources have sparked interest in sustainable alternatives. Bio-based polymers, derived from renewable sources such as plants and microbes, offer promise in addressing these challenges. This review provides an overview of bio-based polymers, discussing their production methods, properties, and potential applications. Specifically, it explores prominent examples including polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), and polyhydroxy polyamides (PHPAs). Despite their current limited market share, the growing awareness of environmental issues and advancements in technology are driving increased demand for bio-based polymers, positioning them as essential components in the transition towards a more sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines sport/discipline-specific market concentrations in the context of the eight Summer Olympic Games held between 1992 and 2020. Three market concentration-related debates underpin this study: (1) the number of competing firms; (2) market size; and (3) time. A normalized version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHIN) is calculated for gold medal and medal concentrations for all 42 sports/disciplines. The analyses included panel data models and Pearson correlations. The main findings are that (1) market concentrations for (gold) medals within most sport/disciplines have not significantly declined over time; and (2) neither an increased number of competing National Olympic Committees (NOCs) nor increased market size is likely to have impacted market concentration within a sport/discipline. The findings advance the understanding of market concentration trends and have implications for elite sport practitioners including the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and International Federations (IFs) in terms of an evaluation of existing measures introduced to promote competitive balance, and NOCs in terms of resource distribution among sports/disciplines and prioritization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in order to address climate change and energy depletion, countries around the world have been constantly promoting energy transformation and structural upgrading. The effectiveness of RCEP has broadened the international east Asian new energy market. The development of renewable energy trade in the context of RCEP has attracted significant economic, environmental, and technical attention. Based on the background of RCEP in this study, the constant market share (CMS) model and the weighted dominant comparative advantage (IRCA) index are used to assess the export competitiveness of renewable energy products from 2006 to 2021. The data in this paper were obtained from the UN comtrade database according to the categorical statistics of HS codes. The results show that: (1) the overall competitiveness of Chinese renewable energy products shows an upward trend; (2) the comparative advantages of Chinese renewable energy products are strong, with some differences among different industries; (3) the growth effect is the main reason for the fluctuation of Chinese renewable energy product exports; and (4) the signing of RCEP has injected new vitality into Chinese renewable energy trade. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the paper puts forward corresponding policy proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has represented a watershed in people's lifestyle. One important consequence has been the change in how people buy groceries online/offline that represent the most frequent shopping-related trip any household performs. Since this has substantially different transport and environmental implications, it is crucial to investigate what are the COVID-19-induced variations. This paper estimates both travel and environmental impacts grocery channel choice implies by comparing, in a diachronic fashion, the pre and during COVID-19 situation in Norway, considering alternative scenarios describing different service configurations for each channel considered. Stated preferences are used to estimate market shares for grocery purchase distinguishing between different channels: in-store, home delivery and click&pick. The robust comparative analysis between the two time periods is guaranteed by the use of the same methodological approach in the same geographical context. Results show that total emissions are lower during the pandemic and adopting a free delivery strategy not only increases home delivery market shares but also produces the lowest level of CO2 emissions regardless of COVID-19. The results obtained are particularly relevant in the "new normal" the world is experiencing both from a public policymaking perspective, when promoting transport-related interventions to curb emissions, and from a private standpoint, when customising market strategies to increase sales and profits. • COVID-19 has represented a watershed in people's lifestyle. • Investigating changes in how people buy groceries online/offline is important. • Stated preferences are used to estimate grocery market shares for different channels. • The paper estimates travel and environmental impacts pre and during COVID-19 via scenario analysis. • Results are particularly relevant for both the public and private sector in the "new normal" conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic markets can be modeled using a system-based approach. In an economic system, agents have complex behavioural patterns, two of the most important being concurrency and cooperation. In this paper, we present a model of an economic system that integrates the dual characteristic of economic system. On one hand, the concurrent characteristic is modeled using Petri nets and focuses on determining the agent behavioural patterns in the system related to the resources distribution and market share. On the other hand, the cooperation characteristic is related to the determination of an agent that can influence the market behaviour, using a model based on Leader Election. In this matter, the concurrency between agents is integrated with market coordination, useful in contexts as quality standard establishment or collective issues. The context of the model related to distribution can be further developed, especially related to agrifood chains in economic markets, by establishing a classification of the agents of the economic market, useful for a vertical integration of the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent years have seen an increased appreciation of the importance of marketing and of its significant contribution to financial performance of companies. Effective marketing strategies are have a positive effect on the financial performance of an organization, by acting as a resource which can be utilised by the firm in order to create competitive advantage, thus increasing market share and profitability, and as a competency which can be used in order to improve financial performance by means of increasing customer satisfaction. Marketing initiatives offers many benefits for business, including visibility, increased sales, and overall success. Without the right marketing tools, no matter how great products and services are, it is near impossible to reach the right customers. Marketing creates demand. Increased demand encourages production and distribution activities. As a result, industrial growth is boosted and income levels improve due to increased employment opportunities. This improves the standard of living by offering superior and improved products. Thus, the overall economic growth is boosted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to calculate competitiveness in the Iraqi imports market among main exporters of wheat and rice during (2000-2021). Therefore, some competitiveness indicators were measured, such as revealed comparative advantage, price competitiveness, and market share, in order to determine the market share and competitiveness of the countries exporting the two crops and the extent of their impact on prices. Firstly, the results indicated that Thailand, India, and Pakistan have a revealed comparative advantage in exporting rice to the world, with the exception of the United States of America. Russia has a comparative advantage in exporting wheat to the world better than United States, Canada, and Australia. Secondly, the price competitiveness results for rice showed that both Thailand and Pakistan have price competition in exporting rice with the rest of their competing countries inside Iraq. The price competitiveness for wheat showed that the United States, Canada and Australia have price competitiveness, except for Russia. Finally, the results of the market share of rice and wheat exporters inside Iraq showed that Thailand has the highest market share in exporting rice to Iraq and that the United States has a greater market share in exporting wheat to Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim is to indicate how strengthening customer relationships affects the development potential of enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: The reasoning is based on the results of a study on a group of 184 service enterprises employing more than 10 employees. The research was carried out in 2022. The research tool was an original survey questionnaire, which was assessed for reliability. After formal evaluation, the collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, including the use of descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistics. Findings: Research has shown that most of the activities of service enterprises in the area of strengthening relationships with customers have a positive impact on the development potential of enterprises, including enterprise revenues, market share, the level of employment and investments in the company, and the level of use of new technologies and information solutions. Research limitations/implications: The research conducted has its limitations in the form of a small research group from the Silesian Voivodeship. In the future, it is planned to expand the research on a representative group, which will enable a broader exploration of the problem and the identification of the determinants of the competitiveness of service enterprises in the era of a difficult business environment. Practical implications: The results of the study on a group of service enterprises allow management practitioners to indicate which activities in the area of strengthening customer relationships positively determine the enterprise's potential, which determines its market competitiveness. Originality/value: The novelty of the study is the analysis of the impact of activities in the area of strengthening customer relationships on the company's results, called development potential, which determines the market competitiveness of service enterprises. The research results can be a guide in managing customer relations in service enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing market of public charging pile services for electric vehicle (EV) users has occupied a particular market share. However, instead of solely focusing on pre-planning the construction of charging piles, it is crucial to address the shortcomings of the existing charging pile service and develop effective marketing strategies. This approach can help optimize the utilization of charging pile resources and minimize wastage. In this study, we explore EV users' comments on the public charging pile service and adopt a natural language pre-training model to classify comments for extracting positive and negative comments. For these two types of comments respectively, we construct the text-to-knowledge to mine the keywords from multiple dimensions. We further excavate the words correlated with the keywords by utilizing dependency parsing to create relational dependency graphs. Taken together, we identify key factors influencing EV user satisfaction or dissatisfaction and uncover the relationships among these factors. These insights provide valuable information for charging pile operators to develop targeted marketing strategies and improvement plans for the existing public charging pile resources, ultimately enhancing the overall user experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the multidimensional influence of social media marketing on Egypt's Small and Medium Enterprises. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating surveys, interviews, and case studies to give a thorough analysis. The study begins by assessing the amount of social media marketing adoption among Egyptian SMEs and identifying the most regularly used platforms. It evaluates the frequency and characteristics of social media interactions among SMEs, including consumer engagement and collaborations. Furthermore, the study assesses the problems associated with resource limits, digital literacy, and cultural issues in incorporating social media into SME operations. In addition, the study explores the impact of content created by users and online reviews on brand impression and consumer loyalty. The study also examines whether having an active social media presence corresponds with increasing revenue, market share expansion, and globalization activities. It investigates the role of social media marketing in promoting SMEs' access to finance and collaborations. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the existing literature by conducting a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of social media marketing on small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. It highlights the immense potential of social media and identifies various challenges SMEs face. The research recommends how policymakers, business support organizations, and SME owners can leverage social media marketing to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in the Egyptian business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective management of knowledge sharing and protection poses a critical challenge for enterprises engaged in interorganizational collaboration. Prior research has indicated that knowledge sharing and protection are often viewed as incompatible or even contradictory organizational behaviors. This study presents a more comprehensive theoretical framework that takes into account both knowledge sharing and protection. To investigate the relationships between influential antecedent factors and collaborative performance outcomes, we conducted a survey involving 247 knowledge‐intensive manufacturing companies in China. The study contributes to the field by developing a conceptual model for understanding knowledge sharing and protection, and it also provides practical value through the introduction of "Knowledge Sharing and Protection Guidelines." These guidelines are designed to assist enterprises in enhancing their individual performance, expanding their market share, and bolstering their competitiveness. Simultaneously, they aim to foster innovation and create market advantages for all stakeholders engaged in interorganizational collaboration, ultimately leading to improvement in overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate which of the two most common prediction market mechanisms – market scoring rules and continuous double auctions – leads to better price discovery. The relative contribution of a particular prediction market to price discovery also depends on the total number of trades observed in that market. We use real-world prediction market price data to estimate price discovery shares of each market and their relationship to the number of trades. We find that when the number of trades is low, prediction markets that use market scoring rules have a higher speed of incorporating information into prices. When the number of trade is high, however, the continuous double auctions have a higher price discovery share. As market scoring rules require a variable cost – a subsidy – to operate, and continuous double auctions are costless; our results provide important implications for the design of prediction markets. By combining the methods for measuring price discovery and information aggregation, we introduce a new data-driven approach that can be used by researchers and practitioners to gain further insight into the exact values of the number of trades favoring the use of market scoring rules instead of continuous double auctions or vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The learnware paradigm was recently proposed by Zhou (2016) with the wish of developing the learnware market to help users build models more efficiently by reusing existing well-performed models rather than starting from scratch. Specifically, a learnware in the learnware market is a well-performed pre-trained model with a specification describing its specialty and utility, and the market identifies helpful learnware(s) for the user's task based on the specification. Recent studies have attempted to realize a homogeneous prototype learnware market initially through Reduced Kernel Mean Embedding (RKME) specification, which requires all models in the market to share the same feature space. However, this limits the application scope of the learnware paradigm because various pre-trained models are often obtained from different feature spaces in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we make the first attempt to enable the learnware to handle heterogeneous feature spaces. We propose a more powerful specification to manage heterogeneous learnwares by integrating subspace learning in the specification design, along with a practical approach for identifying and reusing helpful learnwares for the user's task. Empirical studies on both synthetic data and real-world tasks validate the efficacy of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the extent of the influence of smart quality management practices and their impact on the profitability performance of major Asian companies. This paper used a sample of 143 major companies for the purpose of testing the relationship from the years 2020 to 2023. The study concluded that there is a positive and important link among smart quality management and profitability performance. Smart quality management is considered important in modern concepts that represent a new technical method for managing business processes and institutions in general. Smart quality management aims to improve profitability and productivity. This study considers smart quality management to be an integrated management system that aims to improve the firm's reputation and growing its profits and market share, and then confirm its existence and link in the field of effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every organization develops a strategy that needs to be implemented and is undertaken through project delivery. In essence, project requirements should exactly replicate an organization's strategy. In reality, this does not happen, and behavioral factors deviate the project delivery from the strategic objectives. This occurs as project stakeholders can have competing objectives. Resultantly, requirements that are implemented through projects that are less aligned to the strategy. This article develops a game theoretic model to simulate why such deviations occur. That explains the difference between strategy development and implementation. This article also explains how the implementation of a blockchain smart contract can eliminate this difference and help an organization implement their strategy effectively. The difference between the overall strategy and the final implementation can make a significant difference in the overall value of the company because if it does not implement strategy effectively, it could lose market share, causing reduced revenue and a significant future stock price fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of content marketing on purchase intention. The benefit of this study is to find out what factors influence purchase intention because it is important for ice cream manufacturers to develop online sales market share. This research method is a quantitative research method with survey methods, which is a research method to examine certain types of content by collecting primary water through the use of research instruments that are structured and systematical with the aim of testing hypotheses that have been studied. There is a positive relationship between eWOM and consumers and businesses. The formation of eWOM is the result of the company's performance in Maisai Lailu and encourages company performance in the future. eWOM is an important source of acquisition through various digital markets so that eWOM has the ability to achieve consumer acquisition, consumer retention and consumer acquisition'. Based on the results of research and discussions that have been carried out, the conclusions that can be drawn are as follows: Content marketing has a significant positive effect on purchase intention in consumers of Klik Indomaret ice cream received Content marketing has a significant positive effect on e-wom in consumers of Klik Indomaret ice cream received. E-wom has a significant positive effect on purchase intention in consumers of Klik Indomaret ice cream received. E-wom mediates the effect of content marketing on purcahase intention in consumers of Klik Indomaret ice cream received. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inefficiency is a problem in the production process, including in the organic farming sector. Over a long term period, this problem can disrupt the productivity of agricultural crops. This research aims to analyze the production and marketing efficiency of organic cabbage farming in the Kopeng agropolitan area, Indonesia. We utilized a Cobb–Douglas production efficiency analysis with the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach. The variables in this study include organic cabbage production, land area, seedlings, organic fertilizers, organic pesticides, and labor. We conducted in-depth interviews with 60 organic cabbage farmers in Kopeng, Indonesia, from January to August 2023. The research results showed that organic cabbage cultivation was economically inefficient in production, technical, and marketing. The use of organic fertilizers, the ability to diversify products on limited land, and the use of pesticides, have not been utilized optimally yet. The results of the marketing efficiency analysis showed that it was efficient. Organic plants were believed to have their market share and to have a higher selling value than non-organic ones. The implication was that the government needed to provide training in producing organic fertilizers and pesticides to reduce production costs so that organic farming could be technically and financially efficient. This research enriched the discussion regarding the need to analyze production and marketing efficiency to find strategies to increase organic cabbage productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current research is to design a model to develop the market share based on the strategies for entering the international market of the National Iranian Drilling Company. A quantitative and qualitative mixed method was used to achieve this goal. In the qualitative phase, the data were collected through interviews with 12 experts using the snowball sampling method and analyzed with the help of the Foundation’s data theory in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings of this phase showed that 39 concepts can be identified, which can be classified into 17 categories by examining the conceptual similarity, which can be classified as components of the paradigm model, which can be based on the main criterion of causal conditions (government support, factors related to the country of origin and factors related to the target market), the central phenomenon (maintaining the market share and increasing the market size), the dominant base (communication and functional infrastructures, specialized infrastructures, appropriate policymaking and planning), intervening conditions (political and economic factors, cultural factors and social), strategies (customer orientation, empowerment and promotion of international capabilities, participation in investment and nonparticipation in investment) and consequences (improvement of technology, growth and survival, and credibility and reputation of the company). In the second phase, using the opinion of experts and using the AHP hierarchical analysis method, the determined criteria were identified and prioritized. The results of this stage showed that the criterion of the leaders with the highest weight of 0.278 and the criterion of the ruling platforms with the lowest weight of 0.081 can play a role in the development of the market share of this company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a game between liquidity provider (LP) and liquidity taker agents interacting in an over‐the‐counter market, for which the typical example is foreign exchange. We show how a suitable design of parameterized families of reward functions coupled with shared policy learning constitutes an efficient solution to this problem. By playing against each other, our deep‐reinforcement‐learning‐driven agents learn emergent behaviors relative to a wide spectrum of objectives encompassing profit‐and‐loss, optimal execution, and market share. In particular, we find that LPs naturally learn to balance hedging and skewing, where skewing refers to setting their buy and sell prices asymmetrically as a function of their inventory. We further introduce a novel RL‐based calibration algorithm, which we found performed well at imposing constraints on the game equilibrium. On the theoretical side, we are able to show convergence rates for our multi‐agent policy gradient algorithm under a transitivity assumption, closely related to generalized ordinal potential games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wage inequality has risen in many countries over recent decades. At the same time, production has become increasingly concentrated in a small number of firms. In this paper, we show that these two phenomena are linked. Theoretically, we show that an increase in consumer price sensitivity will lead to an increase in the sectoral concentration of revenues and employment, as well as an increase in wage dispersion between firms within industries. Empirically, we use industry‐level data from 14 European countries over the period 1999–2016 and show robust evidence of a positive and statistically significant correlation between concentration and between‐firm wage inequality. We show that this is driven by higher market shares and higher wages in high‐productivity firms within more concentrated sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited available market share data seems to suggest that ridesourcing platforms benefit from, even thrive on, socio-economic inequality. We suspect that this is associated with high levels of socio-economic inequality allowing for cheap labour as well as increasing the share of travellers with a considerably above-average willingness to pay for travel time savings and comfort. We test the relation between inequality and system performance by means of an agent-based simulation model representing within-day and day-to-day supply-demand interaction in the ridesourcing market. The model captures travellers' mode choice with a heterogeneous perception of relevant time components, as well as job seekers' participation choice with heterogeneous reservation wage. Our experiments cover scenarios for the entire spectrum ranging from perfect equality to extreme inequality. For several of such scenarios, we explore alternative platform pricing strategies. Our analysis shows a strong, positive relationship between socio-economic inequality and ridesourcing market share. This is the outcome of the combination of cheap labour and time-sensitive ridesourcing users, reinforced by network effects inherent to ridesourcing markets. We find that driver earnings are minimal in urban areas with large socio-economic inequality. In such contexts, drivers are likely to face a high platform commission, and yet, fierce competition for passengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity, and mortality in Uganda. A large proportion of malaria symptomatic patients seek healthcare in private sector. However, availability and affordability are major barriers to access to effective treatment. The private sector copayment mechanism in Uganda aims to increase availability and affordability of antimalarial agents. Our study assessed availability, price, and market share of quality assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACTs) in private drug outlets in selected districts during the implementation of copayment mechanism. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of anti-malarial agents in private drug outlets in in selected moderate-to-high (Tororo, and Apac districts) and low (Kabale and Mbarara districts) malaria transmission settings. Following the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) criteria, an audit of the antimalarial agents was done using a checklist to determine availability, price, and market share of QAACTs. Data were entered in Epi-data and analyzed in STATA ver 14.0 at 95% confidence level. Results: A total of twenty-eight (28) private drug outlets (pharmacies and drug shops) were included in the survey. One in seven (20/144: 95%CI: 9.1, 20.6) of the antimalarial agents in private drug outlets were quality assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACT). Artemether-lumefantrine (AL), 8.9% (11/124) and Artesunate-Amodiaquine (AQ), 7.3% (9/124) were the only QAACTs present in the drug outlets at the time of the survey. The majority, 86.1%% (124/144) of antimalarial agents present in stock in the drug outlets were artemisinin based. The most common, 38.9% (56/144) ACT in the drug outlets was Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP). Most, 69.4% (100/144) of the antimalarial agents were in high malaria transmission settings. The cost of ACT antimalarial agents is high in the country, USD 1.4 (Artemether-Lumefantrine, AL), USD 2.4 (Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine, DP), the first line and second-line agents respectively for treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Uganda. There was a statistically significant difference between the dispensing price of 'Green leaf' ACTs (QAACT) and the recommended price (p<0.001). Predictors of availability of QAACT in private drug outlets include pharmacy drug outlet (aPR:0.4; 95%CI: 0.2, 0.9) and dispensing price more than 3000UGX (USD 0.83) (aPR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.1, 0.51). Conclusion: Quality assured artemisinin-based combination therapies (QAACTs) are not common in private drug outlets in selected districts in Uganda. All the drug outlets had at least one ACT antimalarial agent present on the day of the survey. The dispensing price of QAACTs was significantly higher than the recommended markup price. There is need for awareness creation, surveillance, and monitoring of the implementation of Copayment mechanism in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic game framework is developed to study market dynamics between two manufacturers/service providers competing on pricing and switching costs. In this game, a portion of consumers may choose to upgrade their products by repurchasing from one of the providers in each period. The switching cost is the one-time costs when consumers "switch" from one provider to another. Switching costs provide consumers an incentive to continue buying from the same firm even if its competitors offer functionally identical but incompatible products. In practice, the switching costs can be increased or decreased by firms through designing products. A mixed logit demand model, which can arbitrarily closely approximate any discrete choice behavior of consumers, is adopted to characterize the dynamic market evolution under stochastically varying consumer preferences. We find that switching costs are usually beneficial to the firm with a dominant market share. Moreover, large switching costs can be detrimental to the firm with a disadvantaged market share, so it wants to decrease switching costs. On the contrary, small switching costs have a negative effect on the demand of the firm with a weak market share but benefit its profit by leading a high price. We implement a simulation study to validate our theoretical results on market dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a retail financial market, firms strategically choose whether to commit financial fraud to exploit naive investors who are unaware of such practices. In a leader-follower setting, we identify a segmented equilibrium in which an honest firm offers a normal product to sophisticated investors, while a dishonest firm offers a fraudulent product that targets naive investors. Competition may not benefit investors because the presence of a rival firm reduces the profitability of offering a normal product and thus discourages honest behavior. If there is a positive cost of entry, the incumbent firm may strategically switch to offering a fraudulent product to deter entry. As a result, policies that alter the entry barriers to the market may have unintended negative effects on welfare. In the segmented equilibrium with free entry, the honest firm has an incentive to disclose information about financial fraud and steal market share from the dishonest firm. However, this incentive is limited because such disclosure may prompt the dishonest firm to deviate and compete for the normal product market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A higher degree of network externalities enhances high-quality product market share, price, and profit while reducing those for low-quality products. • The crowding-out of high-quality products on low-quality products becomes more pronounced as network externalities increase. • A moderate reduction in the quality gap benefits social welfare while a marginal gap leads to a lose-lose situation for firms. This study examines the impact of network externalities on the market performance of vertically differentiated luxury products. Luxury consumption triggers vanity-driven utility, which decreases due to the snob effect as market share expands. By employing a duopoly model under price competition, we demonstrate that a higher degree of network externalities enhances high-quality product market share, price, and profit while reducing those for low-quality products. The crowding-out of high-quality products on low-quality products becomes more pronounced as network externalities increase. We analyze the effects of quality improvement on equilibrium outcomes, revealing that a moderate reduction in the quality gap benefits social welfare. In contrast, a marginal gap leads to a lose-lose situation for firms. Our study underscores the importance of retaining low-quality products and adopting quality promotion strategies for high-quality products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online social environments provide attractive platforms for firms to connect and engage with consumers. The objective of this paper is to optimize marketing efforts by brands to improve engagement and market share in social media. To this end, we define and conceptualize the digital social media space using the concepts of homophily and social distance. For quantification purposes and a more tangible practical implementation we build on Huff's retail gravity model, which is transposed to the social media space. The model allows the calculation of the expected engagement and social media market participation at the brand level, based on the positioning of the brand and its' competitors and the distribution of consumer activity in different social media, thus enabling the optimization of marketing efforts through digital (re-)location. The model is applied to leading brands in the athletic footwear market to test its robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a simple micro-foundation of the tourism area life cycle hypothesis, based on tourists' utility maximization. As a result of social interactions among tourists which determine destinations popularity, the market share of visitors which decides to visit a specific destination follows a logistic dynamics, consistent with what predicted by the tourism area life cycle hypothesis. We show that different preference drivers explain the duration of the different tourism area life cycle stages: the net benefit from visiting the destination characterizes the exploration, involvement, and development phases, while social effects associated with destination popularity characterize the phases of consolidation and stagnation Different from previous studies our results hold true independently of whether we focus on the repeating or non-repeating segment of the tourism market. We also provide a calibration of our model to the case of the city of Venice (Italy) showing that it performs well in capturing the evolution of tourism in the historical center of the city over the last 60 years, suggesting that TALC-like dynamics may occur even in the context of cultural and heritage destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A manufacturer selling its products via an offline channel and a capital‐constrained platform is considered in our work. The agency or reseller mode is operated by the platform. Affected by the delivery time, the offline demand is affected by the online channel, which is called the cross‐channel spillover effect (CCSE). Building game models for analysis, we derive the following major results: First, how the commission rate affects the optimal production quantity depends on CCSE. CCSE has no impact on (decreases) the platform's optimal delivery time in the agency (reseller) mode. Besides, the platform's optimal profit decreases with a positive CCSE but increases with a negative CCSE in the agency mode. But in the reseller mode, it always increases with CCSE. Second, the financial constraint decreases the optimal production quantity and extends the optimal delivery time. Third, the agency mode always leads to a larger market share and longer delivery time than the reseller mode. The manufacturer should choose the reseller mode (agency mode) under a high (low) slotting fee. Last, the manufacturer and platform cannot realize coordination by using only the agency or reseller mode. However, considering the manufacturer‐led Stackelberg game, the reseller mode can do so, while the agency mode cannot. Further, considering a retailer and a third party under the omnichannel strategy, the reseller mode can always coordinate them, and the agency mode can only do so at a low interest rate of the loan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an identification strategy for diversion based on win/loss data. First, we show that win/loss data from the merging firms and market shares in two periods for all firms are sufficient to identify the diversion ratios between the merging partners. Second, we show that win/loss data from the merging firms alone are sufficient for partial identification, and we construct a lower bound that provides a good approximation to the diversion ratio when switching costs are high. We demonstrate the performance of our method with numerical simulations and with an application to the Anthem/Cigna merger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a model of vertical competition two firms draw costly public signals that are informative about the quality of their products and then competitively set prices. When each firm generates information independently from the other, there will be overinvestment (underinvestment) in information generation if the market share of the quality follower in the subsequent market equilibrium is high (low). Moreover, information generation by one firm has a positive externality on the other firm. Hence, coordination (e.g., via industry associations) increases information generation. When product qualities are endogenous, information generation may prevent quality degradation and thus have an additional social benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]