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Introducción: El traumatismo es la primera causa de muerte en adolescentes y la quinta en el adulto mayor. El traumatismo torácico (TT) posee características particulares en diferentes grupos de edad.Objetivo: Analizar características clínicas, índice de gravedad de traumatismo (IGT) y mortalidad en hospitalizados por TT según grupo etario.Materiales y Método: Estudio analítico de hospitalizaciones por TT, período enero-1981 a diciembre-2018. Revisión de protocolos prospectivos de TT y base de datos. Se definió grupo etario según Organización Mundial de la Salud (Adolescente: 10-19 años; Adulto Joven: 20-44 años; Adulto Maduro 45-59 años; Adulto Mayor: >60 años). Se comparó clasificación, mecanismo, agente, tratamiento, IGT, Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS) y mortalidad del TT según grupo etario. Se utilizó SPSS25® con pruebas chi-cuadrado y ANOVA, considerando significativo p

The Ti-Ca heterometallic MOF MUV-10 has good dispersibility in phosphate buffer and low phosphate-induced degradation in comparison to other MOF systems. It induces no cytotoxicity towards cells of the immune system and no immune response, making it an attractive candidate for biomedical applications and accounting for its safe use for other applications.

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems replace semiconductor material by cost-efficient optical elements. This technology has doubled the efficiencies of conventional non-concentrating PV systems. However, the cost of CPV still needs to be lowered to be competitive. In these systems, approximately 60 % of the incident energy is dissipated as heat. One way to further enhance CPV systems is taking advantage of the dissipated heat energy as a source for an extra generation of electricity using a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The feasibility of hybrid CPV-TEG modules for enhancing the efficiency and lowering the cost has been discussed in recent work, with special emphasis on actively cooled designs. On the other hand, the micro-scaling of the technology could allow simple and reliable passive cooling mechanisms to be used. In this work, a numerical analysis of three-dimensional micro hybrid CPV-TEG receiver at ultra-high concentration ratios is presented. The procedure solves both the thermal and electrical effects for estimation of the power generated and the efficiency of the system. The results of performance are compared with a CPV-only receiver composed with equal solar cell properties working at similar conditions. Results show that micro CPV-TEG systems can reach an efficiency of 33.6 % versus the 31.6 % achievable with a CPV-only system, working under 4,000 suns.

Resumen Introducción: El secuestro pulmonar (SP) es una malformación congénita caracterizada por tejido pulmonar con vascularización de una arteria sistémica anómala. Objetivo: Analizar las características y tratamiento de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con secuestro pulmonar. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Periodo: enero de 1988 a diciembre de 2018. La información se obtuvo de fichas clínicas y registros de anatomía patológica. Se describen edad, sexo, características clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento quirúrgico y hallazgos anatomopatológicos. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante SPSS25® y se usó la prueba Mann-Whitney y X2, considerándose significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Total 33 pacientes, 25 (75,8%) mujeres. Edad promedio 30,2 años, rango: 0-68. Adultos 23 (69,7%) pacientes y pediátricos (< 15 años) 10 (30,3%) pacientes. La presentación clínica fue sintomatología pulmonar en 23 (69,7%) casos y 9 (27,3%) eran asintomáticos. Tres (9,1%) presentaron malformación congénita asociada. Diagnóstico preoperatorio en 15 (45,5%) pacientes. La ubicación más frecuente fue lóbulo inferior izquierdo. El tipo intralobar fue el más frecuente en 23 (69,7%) casos. La cirugía más frecuente fue la lobectomía con identificación y ligadura del vaso sistémico. El vaso aberrante se originó en aorta torácica en 27 (81,8%) casos e infradiafragmático (no precisado) en 3 (9,1%) casos. Vaso único en 26 (78,8%) y doble en 5 (15,2%) casos. No hubo mortalidad. Existen diferencias en las características entre los secuestros en pacientes adultos y pediátricos. Discusión y Conclusión: Los SP son infrecuentes, se presentan principalmente en adultos jóvenes como neumopatías a repetición, se distinguen diferencias en las características entre los pacientes adultos y pediátricos, y tienen excelente pronóstico posoperatorio.

Introducción: El secuestro pulmonar (SP) es una malformación congénita caracterizada por tejido pulmonar con vascularización de una arteria sistémica anómala. Objetivo: Analizar las características y tratamiento de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con secuestro pulmonar. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico longitudinal. Periodo: enero-1988 a diciembre-2018. Información de fichas clínicas y registros de anatomía patológica. Se describen edad, sexo, características clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento quirúrgico y hallazgos anatomopatológicos. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante SPSS25 y se usó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado, considerándose significativo p

Eosinophils are complex granulocytes with the capacity to react upon diverse stimuli due to their numerous and variable surface receptors, which allows them to respond in very different manners. Traditionally believed to be only part of parasitic and allergic/asthmatic immune responses, as scientific studies arise, the paradigm about these cells is continuously changing, adding layers of complexity to their roles in homeostasis and disease. Developing principally in the bone marrow by the action of IL-5 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF, eosinophils migrate from the blood to very different organs, performing multiple functions in tissue homeostasis as in the gastrointestinal tract, thymus, uterus, mammary glands, liver, and skeletal muscle. In organs such as the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, eosinophils are able to act as immune regulatory cells and also to perform direct actions against parasites, and bacteria, where novel mechanisms of immune defense as extracellular DNA traps are key factors. Besides, eosinophils, are of importance in an effective response against viral pathogens by their nuclease enzymatic activity and have been lately described as involved in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 immunity. The pleiotropic role of eosinophils is sustained because eosinophils can be also detrimental to human physiology, for example, in diseases like allergies, asthma, and eosinophilic esophagitis, where exosomes can be significant pathophysiologic units. These eosinophilic pathologies, require specific treatments by eosinophils control, such as new monoclonal antibodies like mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab. In this review, we describe the roles of eosinophils as effectors and regulatory cells and their involvement in pathological disorders and treatment.

Background Bronchiolitis is the main cause of hospitalization of children younger than 1 year; however, the immune mechanism of bronchiolitis is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the recovery of immune response after a bronchiolitis episode. Methods Forty-nine infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis diagnosis were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were processed. Twenty-seven pro-inflammatory biomarkers linked to innate immunity, inflammation, and epithelial damage, as well as nitrites and lipid mediators, were evaluated in the NPA supernatant by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Luminex. Also, 11 genes were analyzed in NPA cells by quantitative PCR. Results A widespread statistically significant decline of multiple pro-inflammatory parameters and cytokines were detected in the recovery period after respiratory infection: interferon-α2 (IFNα2), IFNγ, interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ-inducible protein-10, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β. Supporting these results, a decreased nuclear factor-κB gene expression was observed (P = 0.0116). A significant diminution of cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4) soluble levels (P = 0.0319) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression were observed in the recovery sample. In children classified by post-bronchiolitis wheezing, LTC4 remains elevated in the NPA supernatant. Conclusions After bronchiolitis, cytokines and biomarkers linked to innate immune response in NPA decrease significantly in the recovery period accompanied by a drop in LTC4 levels; however, this reduction was lower in infants with post-bronchiolitis wheezing.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivo Nivolumab es un agente inmunoterapeutico aprobado para el tratamiento de pacientes con carcinoma de celulas renales (CCR) avanzado tratados previamente. La experiencia en practica clinica real, especialmente en lo referente a la aparicion de reacciones adversas inmunorrelacionadas, es escasa. Presentamos la experiencia acerca de la seguridad de nivolumab en pacientes con CCR metastasico (CCRm) tratados en 9 hospitales de Espana. Material y metodos Estudio retrospectivo, multicentrico en pacientes con CCRm tratados con nivolumab entre 2016 y 2018. Se recogieron datos sociodemograficos y clinicos basales y las reacciones adversas relacionadas con el farmaco. Resultados Los 26 pacientes incluidos presentaron una edad de 63,7 ± 11,5 anos. El 96% presentaba ECOG 0-1 y el 78% un riesgo MKSCC favorable/intermedio. El 73% presentaba subtipo histologico de celulas claras y el 30%, metastasis de inicio. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 9 meses (rango: 1-14). El 100% de los pacientes presento una reaccion adversa de cualquier grado; las mas frecuentes fueron la fatiga, la fiebre y la anemia (27%). El 23% presento una reaccion adversa de grado 3. Las reacciones adversas llevaron a la suspension del tratamiento en 3 pacientes (11%). Conclusion En la practica clinica real, nivolumab presenta un perfil de seguridad favorable y manejable, similar al descrito en otros estudios.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a complex pathophysiology, making the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools a challenge. Exosomes are extracellular membranous nanovesicles implicated in intercellular communication. Exosome composition and cargo are highly heterogeneous depending on their cellular origin and physiological state. They contain proteins (tetraspanins, heat-shock proteins), nucleic acids (RNA, microRNA), and lipids (ceramides, cholesterol, sphingolipids). Current scientific advances show that exosomes play a pivotal role in the pathology of asthma as well as other inflammatory diseases, and all types of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils) release exosomes. Also, structural lung cells such as airway epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle cells produce and secrete these nanovesicles. Exosomes influence and modify the functionality of these inflammatory and structural cells, triggering the characteristic processes of asthma disease. Additionally, exosomes are used as biomarkers in several disorders because they are easier to collect from different biofluids, making them a non-invasive method for screening human pathologies. Also, due to their special molecular characteristics, they can be loaded with different molecules and employed as a drug-delivery vehicle. This review focuses on recent advances related to the role of exosomes in asthma disease.

[EN] This study presents an analysis of the capabilities of using multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) in indoor environments at the 3-4 GHz band through an empirical characterisation of the MU-MIMO channel, obtaining a statistical description of the degree to which this specific multi-user channel verifies the condition of 'favourable propagation'. Different metrics have been considered to measure the degree of orthogonality between the channels, such as the orthogonality coefficient or the condition number. In addition, in order to obtain a direct measure of the goodness of the channel in terms of the achievable spectral efficiency, the capacity of the channel has been calculated for different numbers of users and base station antennas and compared with theoretical i.i.d. Rayleigh channels., This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad under the projects TEC2017-86779-C2-1-R and TEC2017-86779-C2-2-R.

Introduction : Cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus arrival of the coronary circulation. Materials and Method : 52 years old man with a history of cardiac hydatid cyst operated 27 years ago, heart failure and coronary artery disease. He presented with a history of one year of progressive dyspnoea. Study with chest radiography, echocardiography and computed tomography showed an image compatible with cardiac hydatid disease recurrence in relation to the left ventricle, pulmonary artery and anterior descending artery. Ejection fraction of the left ventricle was approximately 30%. No evidence of extracardiac hydatid disease was found and surgical treatment was decided. Addressed by median sternotomy and extracorporeal circulation, a multiloculated myocardial hydatid cyst, with hundreds of daughter vesicles of different size was found. Pericystectomy of the hydatid cyst was performed without incident. The patient presented postoperative bleeding which required early reoperation. Posteriorly, was discharged without complications. Discussion: Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonosis in Chile. Heart location is infrecuent and correspond to 0.5 to 2% of the cases, usually associated with the presence of extracardiac cysts. The most common location is the free wall of the left ventricle at intramyocardial level. Medical treatment is often inadequate and surgical resection is recommended.

Introduction: Penetrating cardiac trauma (PCT) constitute a permanent surgical challenge due to it characteristics and high mortality. Aim: To describe the findings, outcomes and prognostic factors in PCT. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study, review of prospective thoracic trauma protocols and surgical registries. Period January 1990-December 2017. All patients with PCT were included. Various variables are described and analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify factors associated with morbidity, neurologic dysfunction and mortality. Results: 220 patients PCT, 209 (95.0%) men, mean age 30.4 ± 13.3, median 27 years. Mechanism: Aggression in 202 (91.8%). The traumatic agent was cold steel in 186 (84.4%) and fire arm in 21 (9.5%). 169 (76.8%) patients presented with tamponade, 103 (46.8%) shock and 20 (9.1%) cardiopulmonary arrest. Approach was sternotomy in 157 (71.4%), left thoracotomy in 58 (26.4%). The most common injured areas were right ventricle in 110 (50.0%), left ventricle in 72 (32.7%). 135 (61.4%) patients needed postoperative ICU and 74 (33.6%) were transfused. Complications occurred in 60 (27.3%). Twenty-one (9.5%) were reoperated. Mortality 28 (12.7%). The postoperative median stay was 6 days (Range 1-150). Prognostic factors were identified. Discussion: Operated PCT are more frequent in men with stab wound, the most common injured area is the right ventricle. The morbidity and mortality is comparable with international series.

Concentrator photovoltaic technology has doubled the efficiency of conventional non-concentrating photovoltaic systems. However, still ≈60% of the incident energy is dissipated as heat, and costs of concentrator photovoltaics need to be lowered for these systems to be competitive. One promising way for taking advantage of the heat generated in the solar cells is the hybridization with thermoelectric generators. The feasibility of hybrid concentrator photovoltaic-thermoelectric modules has been shown in recently published work for enhancing the efficiency and lowering the cost, with special emphasis on actively cooled designs. However, if feasible, the use of simple and reliable passive cooling would accelerate the development of new hybrid prototypes. The performance and cost reduction limits achievable with passively cooled designs have not yet been studied in detail. In this paper, an electric/thermal/economic model of concentrator photovoltaic-thermoelectric module is developed. As the main novelty, the model allows the thermoelectric generator area to be adjusted. Some optimisation problems are formulated and solved to evaluate the efficiency improvement and cost reduction of the hybrid system in comparison to a typical 800x light concentration factor and 36.4% efficiency concentrator photovoltaic-only module. The analysis showed that optimising the thermoelectric generator area is essential for the cell operating temperature limits not to be exceeded, and that conventional passive cooling is enough for achieving efficiency gains and cost reduction considering a state-of-the-art highly efficient 3 mm × 3 mm triple junction solar cell. With advanced thermoelectric materials and cell temperature of 100 °C, a maximum efficiency of 39.2% for the hybrid system can be achieved at 800x concentration factor by using low thermal resistance heat sinks, and a maximum cost reduction of 46.0% can be achieved at the maximum analysed concentration factor (1900x) by using moderate thermal resistance heat sinks. A trade-off between enhancing the efficiency and lowering the cost was observed. The sensitivity analysis on the thermoelectric parameters showed that parameters other than thermoelectric generator area and ZT figure-of-merit barely influence the results. The existing experimental concentrator photovoltaic-thermoelectric prototypes are far from the efficiency and cost benefits predicted in this paper. Thus, the study can help in the development of future prototypes.

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems replace semiconductor material by cost-efficient optical elements. The potential cost reduction of these systems is closely related to the concentration factor because higher light concentrations imply lower amount of semiconductor material required for the solar cells. Thus, one promising way for improving this technology is moving towards ultra-high (UH) concentration levels (>2000 suns). However, the thermal management at such extreme light fluxes is difficult. Using small-sized solar cells is beneficial for improving the thermal management. Among the possible cooling strategies, the use of flat-plate heat-sinks for passive cooling, if feasible, would be the simplest way to dissipate the heat and would accelerate the development of UHCPV prototypes. However, the feasibility of flat-plate heat-sinks using microscale solar cells for UHCPV applications has not been analysed in detail yet. In this work, a thermal 3D finite-element model is used to investigate the possibilities of flat-plate heat-sinks at concentration ratios not tested to date, i.e. 2000–10,000 suns. Critical parameters such as solar cell area and efficiency, substrate thickness, heat-sink area, and heat-sink material are evaluated and discussed. Results show that solar cells of 1 mm × 1 mm area or below can be thermally handled with conventional Aluminium flat heat-sinks up to 10,000 suns.

The electrical output of a photovoltaic system is often related to the plane-of-array global irradiance and the cell operating temperature. However, the spectral distribution of the irradiance also influences the system electrical behaviour, through its coupling with the spectral response of the photovoltaic material employed. Many authors have evaluated the spectral performance of different types of semiconductors under real operating conditions worldwide by using different methods and spectral indexes. However, there are not comparative studies on the accuracy of these methods in the literature. In this paper, two simplified existing indexes and a novel introduced index are compared to the spectral factor method in order to assess their relative accuracy for the climate of Granada, Southern Spain, and considering the most widespread used photovoltaic materials. Results show the election of a suitable index depends on the type of material, availability of spectral response information of the material, computing capabilities and required accuracy. The maximum annual relative error with respect to the spectral factor considering every index and material is 1.77%, while the maximum monthly relative error can reach 4.22%.

En el presente artículo se analiza el concepto procesal de fla­grancia como situación fáctica que permite la limitación de derechos y libertades fundamentales. Concretamente, se pretende definir la flagrancia como circunstancia habilitante de la adopción de una medida cautelar sobre la libertad ambulatoria y sobre la injerencia en los derechos de la persona sometida al proceso penal. Asimismo, se analizan los principios rectores de procedimientos inmediatos o expeditos para casos de flagrancia regulados en diferentes digestos normativos en materia procesal penal, y su relación con el estado de inocencia y el actuar del Fiscal que se encuentra a cargo de la investigación penal. Se considera la utilización de la declaración del coprocesado en tanto prueba de cargo para la condena en casos penales en general y en especial en hechos flagrantes. Por último, se consideran las situaciones donde, un avance legitimado en la privacidad de las personas, provoca la verificación flagrante de un hecho ilícito ajeno al que diera progreso a la injerencia.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la adquisición de habilidades quirúrgicas básicas en estudiantes de medicina según el tipo de instrucción teórico-práctica recibida previo a un taller estandarizado de sutura de heridas. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después para estudiantes de cuarto año durante el 2018. Se realizó taller de sutura de heridas aplicado en modelo biológico (pata de cerdo), previo consentimiento informado y aprobación Comité Ético Científico. Mediante instrumento “The Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skills” (OSATS) se evaluó técnica de sutura antes y después del entrenamiento. Se dividió a los participantes según conocimientos previos al taller: Grupo A: recibió instrucción teórico-práctica en pacientes in vivo. Grupo B: recibió instrucción teórico-práctica en modelos de simulación. Grupo C: sin conocimientos previos en suturas. Se evaluó percepción de estudiantes mediante encuesta validada. Se comparó puntaje OSATS antes-después del taller y encuesta de percepción según grupo, utilizando SPSS24® y ANOVA. Se consideró significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: Se evaluaron 124 estudiantes. Grupo A: 17 (13,7%); Grupo B: 38 (30,7%); Grupo C: 69 (55,6%) respectivamente. Existió diferencia en puntaje OSATS de ingreso al taller Grupo A: 19,4 ± 4,9; Grupo B: 13,7 ± 6,3; Grupo C: 11,1 ± 4,5 (p < 0,05). Puntaje OSATS finalizada la intervención Grupo A: 28,8 ± 1,5; Grupo B: 28,0 ± 1,9; Grupo C: 27,9 ± 2,2 (p = 0,48), sin diferencia significativa. La intervención fue bien percibida, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos. Discusión: El resultado de evaluación OSATS finalizado el taller es independiente de experiencias, instrucción teórico-práctica o conocimientos previos a la intervención. Conclusión: Los programas de entrenamiento con evaluación estandarizada pueden equiparar los resultados entre estudiantes con diferentes conocimientos previos.

Objetivo: Comparar la adquisición de habilidades quirúrgicas básicas en estudiantes de medicina según el tipo de instrucción teórico-práctica recibida previo a un taller de sutura de heridas. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuasi-experimental antes-después para estudiantes de cuarto año durante el 2018. Se realizó taller de suturas aplicado en modelo biológico (pata de cerdo), previo consentimiento informado y aprobación Comité Ético Científico. Mediante instrumento “The Objective Structured Assessment Of Technical Skills” (OSATS) se evaluó técnica de sutura antes y después del entrenamiento. Se dividió a los participantes según conocimientos previos al taller: Grupo A: recibió instrucción teórico-práctica en pacientes in vivo. Grupo B: recibió instrucción teórico-práctica en modelos de simulación. Grupo C: sin conocimientos previos en suturas. Se evaluó percepción de estudiantes mediante encuesta validada. Se comparó puntaje OSATS antes-después del taller y encuesta de percepción según grupo, utilizando SPSS24® y ANOVA. Se consideró significativo p

There is currently enough evidence to think that miRNAs play a role in several key points in asthma, including diagnosis, severity of the disease, and response to treatment. Cells release different types of lipid double-membrane vesicles into the extracellular microenvironment, including exosomes, which function as very important elements in intercellular communication. They are capable of distributing genetic material, mRNA, mitochondrial DNA, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Serum miRNA screening was performed in order to analyze possible changes in serum miRNAs in 10 patients treated with reslizumab and 6 patients with mepolizumab after 8 weeks of treatment. The expression of miR-338-3p was altered after treatment (p &lt, 0.05), although no significant differences between reslizumab and mepolizumab were found. Bioinformatic analysis showed that miR-338-3p regulates important pathways in asthma, such as the MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways and the biosynthesis/degradation of glucans (p &lt, 0.05). However, it did not correlate with an improvement in lung function. MiRNA-338-3p could be used as a biomarker of early response to reslizumab and mepolizumab in severe eosinophilic asthmatic patients. In fact, this miRNA could be involved in airway remodeling, targeting genes related to MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways.

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are an important factor of morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately 6% of total deaths worldwide. The main CRDs are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These complex diseases have different triggers including allergens, pollutants, tobacco smoke, and other risk factors. It is important to highlight that although CRDs are incurable, various forms of treatment improve shortness of breath and quality of life. The search for tools that can ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment is crucial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and have been described as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CRDs. They are implicated in multiple processes of asthma and COPD, regulating pathways associated with inflammation, thereby showing that miRNAs are critical regulators of the immune response. Indeed, miRNAs have been found to be deregulated in several biofluids (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and serum) and in both structural lung and immune cells of patients in comparison to healthy subjects, showing their potential role as biomarkers. Also, miRNAs play a part in the development or termination of histopathological changes and comorbidities, revealing the complexity of miRNA regulation and opening up new treatment possibilities. Finally, miRNAs have been proposed as prognostic tools in response to both conventional and biologic treatments for asthma or COPD, and miRNA-based treatment has emerged as a potential approach for clinical intervention in these respiratory diseases; however, this field is still in development. The present review applies a systems biology approach to the understanding of miRNA regulatory networks in asthma and COPD, summarizing their roles in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment, This manuscript was supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria – FIS and FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) [PI15/00803, PI18/00044 and FI16/00036], CIBERES, Merck Health Foundation funds and RTC-2017-6501-1 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades)

Currently, most of the world is connected through the Internet; there are no regional barriers between people, and even between things, since they can be connected and communicate through the Internet, allowing them greater capabilities and ways of use that before; this concept is known as the Internet of things. The population of elder adults in Mexico has a tendency to increase in the coming years; therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness about the promotion of healthcare and well-being of the quality of life of the elderly. The problem is how you can provide quality healthcare to people with reduced access to providers. Smarter Pills is an embedded device capable of reminding its user the moment in which his medicine should be taken. This is done using Google calendar reminders. Smart Pills is a container of pills designed to be portable. It helps the elderly to tell them when to take their medications and which one. It is a low-cost device that can be used easily by people who they take care of the elderly, and at the same time, it is intuitive for the users.

The impact of non-uniform illumination on triple junction solar cells equipped with either refractive or reflective optics without secondary optical elements is characterised by varying the concentrator-to-receiver distance. Indoor experiments covering both electrical measurements and photographs with a charge-coupled device camera are performed. The non-uniformities are examined by differentiating two spectral bands, those affecting the top and middle subcells. This allows the irradiance and spectral distributions to be analysed. The analysis is complemented with ray tracing simulations. Results show a different behaviour for the refractive and reflective systems. Irradiance non-uniformities in the case of the reflective system around the on-focus position are higher than those measured in the refractive system. However, the spectral non-uniformities that characterise the refractive system constitute only a residual effect in the reflective system. The drop in the solar cell fill factor caused by non-uniformities is mainly driven by the degradation of the slope of the I–V curve near the short-circuit point in the case of the refractive system, while it is mainly driven by the degradation of the slope of the I–V curve near the open-circuit point in the case of the reflective system. Both systems are very sensitive to the concentrator-to-receiver distance, a critical parameter that must be accurately designed in any concentrator system. The findings will allow the trade-off between increasing performance and increasing cost strategies to mitigate the non-uniformities in concentrator photovoltaic systems to be better evaluated. This work has been partially funded by the project “UltraMicroCPV” (MICINN- Agencia Estatal de Investigación: PID2019-106497RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by the project NACe-CPV/TE (Junta de Andalucía, PAIDI 2020: P18-RT-1595). P. M. Rodrigo thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities because of the 2020–2024 Beatriz Galindo fellowship (BEAGAL18/00164) and, the Science and Technology National Council of Mexico (CONACYT) because of his designation as a member of the Mexican System of Researchers. E.F. Fernández thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the funds received under the Ramón y Cajal programe (RYC-2017-21910). D. Chemisana thanks ICREA for the ICREA Acadèmia.

Eosinophils are granulocytes involved in inflammatory processes related to type 2 immune responses as allergy and parasitic infestation. Eosinophils are scarce in homeostatic situations, comprising 3-6% of total granulocytes. In peripheral blood, they have a life span of 18-25 h. These cells are characterized by the presence of several types of granules that are very important because of their functions. Recently, we have described that these immune cells are able to release exosomes, which are nanovesicles involved in intercellular communication and implicated in development of several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and asthma. Here, we describe a technique for isolation of eosinophil-derived exosomes from human peripheral blood and for their utilization in cell functional assays.

This article describes a monitoring system developed for temperature control and monitoring of a building using the Internet of things (IoT). The system controls an actuator that simulates an HVAC system using a global controller based on the data obtained by two temperature sensors. This data is stored in a platform called Firebase and is visualized in a monitoring platform through JSON which interface shows the temperature data in different colors according to the temperature of the room and shows the status of the fan (ON–OFF) in real time. Most global controllers do not have a data storage system. This work shows how it is possible to implement storage for different cloud platforms, through the Internet of things.

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has an important inflammatory compo-nent. Multiple cells are implicated in asthma pathogenesis (lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils), releasing a wide variety of cytokines. These cells can exert their inflammatory functions throughout extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small vesicles released by do-nor cells into the extracellular microenvironment that can be taken up by recipient cells. Depending on their size, EVs can be classified as microvesicles, exosomes, or apoptotic bodies. EVs are heterogeneous spherical structures secreted by almost all cell types. One of their main functions is to act as transporters of a wide range of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and microRNAs (miRNAs), which are single-stranded RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Therefore, exosomes could influence several physiological and pathological processes, including those involved in asthma. They can be detected in multiple cell types and biofluids, providing a wealth of infor-mation about the processes that take account in a pathological scenario. This review thus summarizes the most recent insights concerning the role of exosomes from different sources (several cell populations and biofluids) in one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases, asthma., This manuscript was supported by Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria–FIS and FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) [PI15/00803, PI18/00044, and FI16/00036], CIBERES, Merck Health Foundation funds, and RTC-2017-6501-1 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades).

The use of new technologies has become widespread worldwide. There is increasing concern about "Internet addiction disorder" (IAD), "Internet gaming disorder" (IGD), and "Mobile phone addiction" (MPA). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with IAD and IGD. However, evidence is lacking about the relationship between ADHD and MPA. Naturalistic case-control study. 112 patients (51 children with and 61 children without ADHD) between 7 and 17 years old were compared regarding IAD, IGD, and MPA. We used the TEA questionnaire for the assessment of executive function and ADHD (ATENTO), and the ADITEC questionnaire to get gender-differentiated information for IAD, IGD, and MPA. Female children scored higher on MPA (Mean ± Standard Deviation, M ± SD) (25.93 ± 17.64 vs. 14.77 ± 19.43, p=0.03), while male children scored higher on IGD (30.09 ± 21.65 vs. 12.51 ± 16.61, p10^-3). Severity of hyperactivity/impulsivity and IGD were moderately correlated (r=0.349, p=0.013), but the correlation disappeared after controlling for the impact on the social domain as measured by the ATENTO questionnaire (r=171, p=0.250). Most parents are concerned that their children may be addicted to IAD/IGD/MPA. Female gender is associated with MPA, while male gender is associated with IGD. ADHD is a risk factor for developing IAD and IGD. Combined type and predominantly hyperactive/impulsive ADHD are each associated with IGD. Good social adjustment protects against developing IGD. There are gender vulnerabilities for IAD/IGD/MPA. ADHD is a risk factor for IGD, but good social adjustment buffers this association.El uso de las nuevas tecnologías se ha generalizado a nivel mundial. Hay una creciente preocupación respecto del «trastorno de adicción a Internet» (TAI), el «trastorno de juego en Internet» (TJI) y la «adicción al teléfono móvil» (ATM). El trastorno por el déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) se ha asociado con el TAI y el TJI. Sin embargo, falta evidencia sobre la relación entre el TDAH y la ATM. Estudio naturalista de casos y controles. Comparación de 112 pacientes (51 niños con el TDAH y 61 niños sin el TDAH) con edades entre 7-17 años respecto del TAI, el TJI y la ATM. Utilizamos el cuestionario de TEA para evaluar la función ejecutiva y el TDAH (ATENTO) y el cuestionario ADITEC para obtener información diferenciada por género para el TAI, el TJI y la ATM. Las niñas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en la ATM (desviación típica ± media, DT ± M) (25,93 ± 17,64 vs. 14,77 ± 19,43, p = ,03), mientras que los niños obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en el TJI (30,09 ± 21,65 vs. 12,51 ± 16,61, p10^-3). Hubo una correlación moderada entre la gravedad de hiperactividad/impulsividad y el TJI (r = ,349, p = ,013), pero la correlación desapareció después de controlar por el impacto en el ámbito social según las mediciones del cuestionario ATENTO (r = 171, p = ,250). A la mayoría de los padres les preocupa que sus hijos puedan tener el TAI, el TJI o la ATM. El género femenino está asociado con la ATM, mientras que el género masculino está asociado con el TJI. El TDAH es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del TAI y el TJI. El TDAH del tipo combinado y de predominio de hiperactividad/impulsividad están asociados con el TJI. Un buen ajuste social protege contra el desarrollo del TJI. Hay vulnerabilidades de género para el TAI, el TJI y la ATM. El TDAH es un factor de riesgo para el TJI, pero un buen ajuste social amortigua esta asociación.

Resumen Introducción: Los modelos de simulación otorgan entornos controlados para la práctica y la retroalimentación por parte de un tutor. Frente a una primera experiencia, nuestro grupo implementó un modelo simplificado y reproducible para el entrenamiento de habilidades quirúrgicas básicas. Objetivo: Comunicar los resultados de un taller de entrenamiento basado en simulación para la adquisición de habilidades quirúrgicas básicas en estudiantes de Medicina. Materiales y Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental, antes y después, 124 estudiantes de medicina de cuarto año fueron entrenados con la metodología EPROBA (Entrenamiento Procedimental Básico), previo consentimiento informado. Mediante el instrumento “The Objective StructuredAssessment Of Technical Skills” (OSATS) se evaluó la técnica de sutura previo y posterior a la intervención. Se evaluó la percepción de los estudiantes mediante una encuesta validada. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó SPSS24® y se usó la prueba Mann Whitney para variables no paramétricas considerando significativo p < 0,05. Resultados: El grupo muestra un progreso promedio significativo en su desempeño procedimental. En la Lista de Comprobación OSATS muestra un progreso desde 4,1 puntos a 8,9 (p < 0,001). En la Escala Global OSATS muestra un puntaje basal de 13,0 puntos, aumentando a 28,0 puntos (p < 0,001). La intervención fue bien percibida, obteniendo un puntaje total promedio de 65,4 puntos de 68 máximos. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia, un modelo simplificado demostró ser eficaz para el entrenamiento en habilidades procedimentales simples como suturas. Múltiples instancias de práctica deben ser otorgadas por las Facultades de Medicina para la retención y mejora de estas habilidades.

[No abstract available]