Search

Le syndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) est une polyradiculoneuropathie inflammatoire aiguë rarement observée pendant la grossesse.

Building bridges between global thinking and local action was the tag line of the 2016 International Year of Global Understanding. [1] This provides an invaluable opportunity for chemistry organizations to rethink their roles and responsibilities in a global context. For IUPAC, its approaching centenary adds a further impetus to the continual quest for sustainability, relevance, and value. Chemistry organizations have a long tradition of helping to develop and promote the interests of the subject and its practitioners. In a rapidly changing world, what is their fundamental purpose, what should be their roles, and how can they refresh themselves to best serve the field and also society at large?

A species, especially when it is endangered and surrounded by anthropogenic elements, can be threatened by habitat fragmentation. Food resource availability in the species’ usual or surrogate habitats may reinforce or decrease its use of certain areas. Our objective was to to determine the influence of natural and anthropogenic variables on spatial distribution of eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). We first determined the home range of a wild chimpanzee community (hereafter Sebitoli Chimpanzee Community [SCC]) based on global positioning system (GPS) point locations (n = 2,586 direct observations and feces locations) collected between 2009 and 2013 in Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda. We described SCC home range using grid cells (2,959 cells of 100 m × 100 m) referencing environmental, spatial, and topographical variables (n = 15). We then determined diet and food species abundance within their territory (n = 63 vegetation plots and 18 months phenological survey) and predicted distribution of the 10 most foraged fruit species within SCC home range, using environmental, spatial, and topographical variables (n = 10) by applying a maximum entropy model (maxent). We then predicted chimpanzee presence as a function of environmental, spatial, and topographical variables (n = 15) using the maxent model and assessed its truthfulness with the kernel model, based only on GPS point locations. Chimpanzees in Sebitoli were mostly observed in a core area of 5.42 km2within the 25‐km2home range. They did not avoid forest edges in contact with human populations, especially males who used larger core areas than females. Factors with the greatest positive impact on the chimpanzee distribution model (maxent area under the curve [AUC] = 0.907) were related to 3 different food resources: 1) proximity to forest edges considered as attractive because of presence of crops cultivated by local farmers; 2) proximity to a tarmac road that crosses the SCC home range with shoulders covered by attractive terrestrial herbaceous vegetation; and 3) presence of wild forest fruiting resources. The results obtained with the maxent predictive model, applied on a fine scale, were consistent with the kernel model, based on real observations. Therefore, such an approach may be recommended for surveys or action plans interested in sustainable management of wildlife in an anthropogenic environment and may be a useful tool to better understand parameters of a prefered zone for an endangered species. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.

Synovial joints comprise several tissue types, including articular cartilage, the capsule, and ligaments. All of these compartments are commonly assumed to originate from an early set of Gdf5-expressing progenitors populating the interzone domain. Here, we provide evidence that joints develop through a continuous influx of cells into the interzone, where they contribute differentially to forming joint tissues. Using a knockin Gdf5-CreERT2mouse, we show that early labeling of Gdf5-positive interzone cells failed to mark the entire organ. Conversely, multiple Cre activation steps indicated a contribution of these cells to various joint compartments later in development. Spatiotemporal differences between Gdf5and tdTomatoreporter expression support the notion of a continuous recruitment process. Finally, differential contribution of Gdf5-positive cells to various tissues suggests that the spatiotemporal dynamics of Gdf5expression may instruct lineage divergence. This work supports the influx model of joint development, which may apply to other organogenic processes.

Depuis 2011, la Suisse a introduit une Ordonnance sur la protection de la maternité au travail (OProMa) dans la législation sur le travail. Toute entreprise à risque doit faire réaliser par un médecin du travail ou un spécialiste de la sécurité au travail une analyse de risques (AR). En l’absence d’AR et en cas de risques suspectés, le gynécologue doit rédiger un certificat d’inaptitude qui court jusqu’à ce que l’employeur fasse réaliser l’AR et mette en place les aménagements de poste permettant le retour en emploi de la travailleuse enceinte (TE). Pendant l’inaptitude, la TE reste à domicile et l’employeur doit lui verser 80 % de son salaire. Montrer l’hétérogénéité des pratiques des employeurs vis-à-vis de l’OProMa et apporter des éclairages sur le coût–bénéfice de la mise en place anticipée de mesures de prévention des risques professionnels.

Les inserts ultra-congruents permettent d’éviter certains inconvénients des inserts à « plot-came ». Néanmoins, des usures précoces ont été rapportées. Une laxité sagittale augmentée pourrait en être l’explication. L’objectif principal de ce travail était de comparer la laxité sagittale des prothèses totales de genou à insert rotatoire selon leur mode de postéro-stabilisation : ultra-congruent ou « plot-came ». L’hypothèse principale de ce travail était que le type d’insert modifiait la laxité sagittale globale.

Cognitive radio (CR) is a novel technology which uses an open spectrum allocation technique to make more efficient utilisation of the wireless radio spectrum and reduces the bottleneck on the frequency bands. In this paper, we develop a novel approach for spectrum allocation using a multiagent system method based on coalition that enables secondary user devices to work cooperatively with their neighbouring primary user devices. The fundamental aspect of our solution is the deployment of an agent on each device and these agents are grouped into coalitions where the powerful node is selected to be a leader. The leader of secondary user's coalition organises the allocation requests based on their priorities using scheduling heuristics while the leader of primary user's coalition handles the proposals for spectrum sharing. The simulation results confirm the intelligent management and the good performance of our approach.

We propose an autonomic QoS and QoE management architecture based on causal graphs for IPTV services over IP access networks. Our solution achieves a global self-diagnosis process based on local knowledge of each network element using a model­-based diagnosis approach. We illustrate this novel approach in an IMS platform and detail the corresponding causal graph and diagnosis process for IPTV services.

Objectives:To determine change in (a) perceived knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines; (b) level of confidence in transmitting information about vaccines; and (c) intention to get vaccinated; among healthcare professionals (HCP) working in a Swiss academic geriatric department who attended a 30-minute information session about COVID-19 vaccines. Measurements:At the session’s end, a self-administered questionnaire collected information about socio-demographics, personnel, and/or relatives’ experience with COVID-19. In addition, participants were asked to rate their: (a) perceived knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines; (b) level of confidence in transmitting information about COVID-19 vaccines to patients and relatives; and (c) intention to get vaccinated; before and after the session. Results:Overall, 97 (42.2% of all HCPs) participated to 14 sessions and completed the questionnaire. Improvements were observed in knowledge, confidence in providing information, and intention to be vaccinated after the session (all p< .001). Similar improvements were observed in subgroup analyses by gender, age groups, profession (involved in direct care or not), and previous experience with COVID-19 (all p< .010). However, HCP aged 20 to 29 years were less likely to feel completely confident in providing information than those aged 30 to 49 and 50+ years (17.1% vs. 43.2% vs. 44.0%, respectively, p= .031) and to report being very likely to be vaccinated (31.4% vs. 56.8% vs. 56.0%, respectively, p= .060). Conclusions:These information sessions positively influenced HCP knowledge, confidence in providing information, and, to a lesser extent, intention to be vaccinated. Younger HCP reported similar improvements but remained less likely to consider vaccination. Additional efforts are needed to convince these undecided HCP and enhance COVID-19 vaccines uptake.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) transforms into an acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with associated increased bone marrow (BM) blast infiltration. Using a transgenic mouse model, MRP8[NRASD12/hBCL-2], in which the NRAS:BCL-2 complex at the mitochondria induces MDS progressing to AML with dysplastic features, we studied the therapeutic potential of a BCL-2 homology domain 3 mimetic inhibitor, ABT-737. Treatment significantly extended lifespan, increased survival of lethally irradiated secondary recipients transplanted with cells from treated mice compared with cells from untreated mice, with a reduction of BM blasts, Lin-/Sca-1+/c-Kit+, and progenitor populations by increased apoptosis of infiltrating blasts of diseased mice assessed in vivo by technicium-labeled annexin V single photon emission computed tomography and ex vivo by annexin V/7-amino actinomycin D flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, caspase 3 cleavage, and re-localization of the NRAS:BCL-2 complex from mitochondria to plasma membrane. Phosphoprotein analysis showed restoration of wild-type (WT) AKT or protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase patterns in spleen cells after treatment, which showed reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Exon specific gene expression profiling corroborates the reduction of leukemic cells, with an increase in expression of genes coding for stem cell development and maintenance, myeloid differentiation, and apoptosis. Myelodysplastic features persist underscoring targeting of BCL-2-mediated effects on MDS–AML transformation and survival of leukemic cells.

Today, the IPTV technology is emerging as a new concept for delivering and accessing audiovisual services over IP networks. To allow the transmission of IPTV services on wired and wireless networks, different issues should be overcome regarding scalability, quality of service (QoS) provisioning, security guaranty and terminals heterogeneity. In the IPTV architecture, QoS and security constitute two needs that have to be tightly managed. In this paper, we propose a complete end-to-end architecture for providing IPTV services. This architecture enables managing end-to-end QoS and security, while addressing other issues like the terminal heterogeneity. At first, we describe the architecture which is composed of two segments: the core network and the access network. Then, we detail the different mechanisms which allow managing simultaneously QoS and security for the IPTV streams delivered to heterogeneous mobile terminals. Performances evaluation demonstrates the importance of the joint management of security and QoS.

DNA vaccination and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) result in a survival advantage in a mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ cells abolished this effect. CD4+ depletions of long-term survivors resulted in relapse and death within 3 months, thus demonstrating the need of both CD4+ and CD8+ subsets for the generation of DNA-driven antileukemic immune responses and underscoring a crucial role of CD4+ cells in the maintenance of durable remissions. Degranulation and cytotoxic carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester–based assays showed major histocompatibility complex–restricted APL-specific T cell–mediated immune responses. Sorted APL-specific CD8+CD107a+ T cells showed an increase of antileukemic activity. Effectors from ATRA + DNA–treated mice were shown to secrete interferon-γ when stimulated with either APL cells or peptides from the promyelocytic leukemia-RARα vaccine-derived sequences as detected by ELISpot assays. Our results demonstrate that DNA vaccination with ATRA confers the effective boosting of interferon-γ–producing and cytotoxic T cells in the leukemic mice.

Derivatives 2–6were prepared as models for studying intra‐ and intermolecular C(sp2)–H···O hydrogen bonding. Their X‐ray structures confirm the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in derivatives of the “a” series: the corresponding C···O distances vary between 2.91 and 2.97 Å. The corresponding 13C–1H coupling constants are increased by about 7.5 Hz, and the 1H chemical shifts in CDCl3are 9.1–10.7 ppm. No intramolecular hydrogen bonds can form in derivatives of the isomeric “b” series. In this series, the chemical shifts of the corresponding aromatic protons exhibit strong solvent dependency; in particular, they are as sensitive as the proton in chloroform to the presence of DMSO. The vinylic protons activated by the electron‐accepting COOR groups behave similarly. Quantum mechanical calculations in the gas phase and in DMSO reproduce the experimental observations. Energies of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds evaluated by two independent approaches vary between 3.7 and 4.4 kcal mol–1in the gas phase and still amount to at least 2.5 kcal mol–1in 2ain DMSO. These estimates are practically independent of the computational method (HF, MP2, and DFT B3LYP were employed for derivatives 2). We conclude that the behavior of both activated aromatic and vinylic C(sp2)–H atoms in the studied derivatives is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the behavior of the C(sp3)–H atom in chloroform. The existence of hydrogen bonds involving these atoms can easily be detected by NMR spectroscopy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008) NMR spectroscopy can reliably detect C–H···O hydrogen bonding in solution through tracking of the solvent‐induced shifts of the 1H chemical shifts and the one‐bond C–H coupling constants. Quantum mechanical calculations on a series of model compounds gave hydrogen bond energy estimations of about 4 kcal mol–1in the gas phase and 2.5 kcal mol–1in DMSO solution.

Derivatives of a series of 1,3-indandione (1) self-condensation products (2–4) and their anions (2a–4a) were investigated by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations. These compounds exhibit a number of unusual features in their NMR spectra. Parent compound 1 is nearly not ionized in DMSO, whereas 3 is ionized completely. In contrast, derivatives 2 and 4 undergo partial ionization in DMSO and interaction between the neutral and anionic species affords the anionic intermolecular complexes, which exhibit both temperature- and concentration-dependent NMR spectra. The NMR spectra of pure salts 2a and 3a are concentration independent, but temperature dependent. Charge delocalization in anions 2a and 3a gives rise to restricted rotation over the partial double bonds connecting the indane fragments. Energies of barriers to rotation were estimated from the temperature dependence of the 13C NMR spectra. The intramolecular aromatic C–H···O hydrogen bonding found previously in 2–4 is also observed in corresponding anions 2a–4a.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

We are building an encyclopaedia of organic chemistry (EnCOrE) in English and making it freely available on the internet. We expect the tools to be used by novice as well as advanced researchers from university and industry. They will allow cross-searches based on chemical structures and equations, and on explanatory texts and an elaborated dictionary. EnCOrE will be created under a strong editorial organisation but also collaboratively between chemists. This will ensure that it is kept up to date and will favour a consensual approach. We will disclose our effort to develop, in this way, the EnCOrE dictionary and the protocols to favour collaboration.

We will describe the different stages involved in the collaborative construction of an organic chemical ontology by chemists. We will disclose our experience, as chemists, in learning, how to build a collaborative ontology and how to use the ontology software from that of an artificial intelligence scientist. We will then disclose our work in developing the protocols to work within the community of chemists to build a collaborative ontology. Useful perceptions about the use of the ontology will also be discussed.

The recently developed H.264 video standard achieves efficient encoding over a bandwidth ranging from a few kilobits per second to several megabits per second. Hence, transporting H.264 video is expected to be an important component of many networks multimedia services. However, due to lack of QoS support reaction networks, the basic GMPLS network management is not sufficient to deliver real-time traffic. The delivery should be augmented by appropriate mechanisms to adjust the QoS parameters. In this paper we address H.264 video transmission over GMPLS networks by proposing a robust policy based control architecture that leverages the inherent H.264 error resilience tools.

Utilization of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is becoming more widespread. Largely in control of use of EUS, as a primary consumer of EUS, are the physicians who refer patients. This quality control study aimed to uncover remedial impediments to ideal utilization of EUS.

Hands and instruments used by healthcare workers may serve as vectors for the nosocomial transmission of microorganisms. The use of cellular telephones by medical personnel and the associated nosocomial transmission of pathogens have not been thoroughly examined. Findings from our study show that cellular telephones are commonly used by hospital personnel, even during patient contact. One-fifth of the cellular telephones examined in this study were found to harbor pathogenic microorganisms, showing that these devices may serve as vectors for transmission to patients.

The synthesis and enzyme inhibitor properties of reversible type B monoamine oxidase inhibitors are described. These compounds belong to the 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazine family and possess a hydrophobic benzyloxy or 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy side chain which, in contrast to a previous assignment, has been unambiguously located at C(8) of the heterocyclic moiety. Investigation of the regioisomeric structures establishes that substitution of the 5H-indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one core at C(7) vs C(8) dramatically influences the MAO-inhibiting properties of these compounds.

The generalization of Internet continues to grow unabated, especially with the rapid adoption of mobile and fixed networks connecting a myriad of devices at home and in business. This allows the acquisition of more services at low costs. In the future, anyone with any kind of devices at any time will be able to access any type of service from anywhere. New rapid and profitable methods for service creation must be investigated. In traditional telecommunication networks, the intelligence of a service has been achieved for so long at the heart of the network. The Internet intermediation involves moving the intelligence toward the edge of the network. A fresh look is needed to design and develop self-organizing networks so human intervention is minimized as much as possible. In this regard, we propose the autonomic-network-based application concept: NetApp. This is an architecture in which the applications and services are not supported by a pre-existing network, but where the network itself grows out of the applications and services that end users require. The major objective of this article is to propose an architecture for the adaptive and self-organizing ambient-aware applications and services in networking.