198 results on '"Korman, TM"'
Search Results
152. Melting muscles: novel H1N1 influenza A associated rhabdomyolysis.
- Author
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D'Silva D, Hewagama S, Doherty R, Korman TM, and Buttery J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Male, Muscle Weakness virology, Myositis diagnosis, Nasopharynx virology, Pain virology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rhabdomyolysis diagnosis, Rhabdomyolysis pathology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Influenza, Human pathology, Myositis virology, Rhabdomyolysis virology
- Abstract
We report the first case of myositis and rhabdomyolysis after infection with novel influenza A (H1N1/09) virus. The case demonstrates the novel virus' capacity for causing significant disease. Myositis and the possibility of rhabdomyolysis should be considered in any individual presenting with influenza-like symptoms in which severe myalgia or muscle weakness is apparent. It is likely that we will see severe clinical manifestations of infection with this novel influenza virus in the coming respiratory virus season.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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153. Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility phenotype in bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an international cohort of patients with infective endocarditis: prevalence, genotype, and clinical significance.
- Author
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Bae IG, Federspiel JJ, Miró JM, Woods CW, Park L, Rybak MJ, Rude TH, Bradley S, Bukovski S, de la Maria CG, Kanj SS, Korman TM, Marco F, Murdoch DR, Plesiat P, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Reinbott P, Steed L, Tattevin P, Tripodi MF, Newton KL, Corey GR, and Fowler VG Jr
- Subjects
- Aged, Bacteremia drug therapy, Bacteremia genetics, Bacteremia microbiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Endocarditis, Bacterial epidemiology, Endocarditis, Bacterial microbiology, Female, Genotype, Global Health, Humans, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Vancomycin Resistance drug effects, Endocarditis, Bacterial drug therapy, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Population Surveillance, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Vancomycin Resistance genetics
- Abstract
Background: The significance of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) is unknown. Using a multinational collection of isolates from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infective endocarditis (IE), we characterized patients with IE with and without hVISA, and we genotyped the infecting strains., Methods: MRSA bloodstream isolates from 65 patients with definite IE from 8 countries underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 31 virulence genes, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. hVISA was defined using population analysis profiling., Results: Nineteen (29.2%) of 65 MRSA IE isolates exhibited the hVISA phenotype by population analysis profiling. Isolates from Oceania and Europe were more likely to exhibit the hVISA phenotype than isolates from the United States (77.8% and 35.0% vs 13.9%; P < .001). The prevalence of hVISA was higher among isolates with a vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 mg/L (P = .026). hVISA-infected patients were more likely to have persistent bacteremia (68.4% vs 37.0%; P = .029) and heart failure (47.4% vs 19.6%; P = .033). Mortality did not differ between hVISA- and non-hVISA-infected patients (42.1% vs 34.8%, P = .586). hVISA and non-hVISA isolates were genotypically similar., Conclusions: In these analyses, the hVISA phenotype occurred in more than one-quarter of MRSA IE isolates, was associated with certain IE complications, and varied in frequency by geographic region.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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154. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus recombinant vaccine associated lipoatrophy.
- Author
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Ojaimi S, Buttery JP, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18, Humans, Vaccines, Synthetic adverse effects, Young Adult, Lipodystrophy chemically induced, Papillomavirus Vaccines adverse effects
- Abstract
Involutional lipoatrophy, a loss of subcutaneous fat, may be idiopathic, associated with inflammatory skin conditions, or trauma, and has also been reported following injections of medications including insulin, corticosteroids and penicillin. There have also been reports in association with Diptheria Pertussis Tetanus (DPT) vaccine. We report on two cases of lipoatrophy associated with the new Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) recombinant vaccine (Gardasil).
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
155. Summary of the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases and the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand guidelines: treatment and prevention of H1N1 influenza 09 (human swine influenza) with antiviral agents.
- Author
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Cheng AC, Dwyer DE, Kotsimbos AT, Starr M, Korman TM, Buttery JP, Jenkins CR, Krause VL, and Johnson PD
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Enzyme Inhibitors therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Influenza, Human virology, Neuraminidase antagonists & inhibitors, Oseltamivir therapeutic use, Zanamivir, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza, Human drug therapy
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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156. Unrecognised vitamin D deficiency: low concentrations in African migrants with HIV in Australia.
- Author
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Woolley IJ, Giles ML, Howard JE, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Adult, Africa, Australia, Female, HIV Infections complications, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Steroid Hydroxylases blood, Vitamin D Deficiency complications, Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase, Emigration and Immigration, Vitamin D Deficiency blood, Vitamin D Deficiency diagnosis
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- 2008
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157. Primary psoas muscle abscess in pregnancy.
- Author
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Swanson A, Lau KK, Korman TM, Wallace EM, and Polyakov A
- Subjects
- Adult, Back Pain etiology, Cesarean Section, Diagnosis, Differential, Drainage, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious microbiology, Psoas Abscess microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Treatment Outcome, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious drug therapy, Psoas Abscess diagnosis, Psoas Abscess drug therapy, Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy
- Abstract
Primary iliacus-psoas muscle abscess formation is very uncommon during pregnancy. We present a case of a primary iliacus-psoas muscle abscess in pregnancy causing back pain with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the clinical presentation of iliacus-psoas muscle abscess helps with considering it in the differential diagnosis of back pain during pregnancy.
- Published
- 2008
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158. HIV transmission: the ongoing importance of antenatal screening.
- Author
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Upjohn LM, Korman TM, and Giles ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Preschool, Emigration and Immigration, Female, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections prevention & control, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Male, New Zealand, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, HIV Infections transmission, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical statistics & numerical data
- Published
- 2008
159. Report of oral clarithromycin desensitization.
- Author
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Holmes NE, Hodgkinson M, Dendle C, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Aged, Female, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Clarithromycin administration & dosage, Drug Hypersensitivity drug therapy
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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160. SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia.
- Author
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Charles PG, Wolfe R, Whitby M, Fine MJ, Fuller AJ, Stirling R, Wright AA, Ramirez JA, Christiansen KJ, Waterer GW, Pierce RJ, Armstrong JG, Korman TM, Holmes P, Obrosky DS, Peyrani P, Johnson B, Hooy M, and Grayson ML
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- Aged, Community-Acquired Infections diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Pneumonia diagnosis, Severity of Illness Index
- Abstract
Background: Existing severity assessment tools, such as the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and CURB-65 (tool based on confusion, urea level, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age >or=65 years), predict 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and have limited ability to predict which patients will require intensive respiratory or vasopressor support (IRVS)., Methods: The Australian CAP Study (ACAPS) was a prospective study of 882 episodes in which each patient had a detailed assessment of severity features, etiology, and treatment outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify features at initial assessment that were associated with receipt of IRVS. These results were converted into a simple points-based severity tool that was validated in 5 external databases, totaling 7464 patients., Results: In ACAPS, 10.3% of patients received IRVS, and the 30-day mortality rate was 5.7%. The features statistically significantly associated with receipt of IRVS were low systolic blood pressure (2 points), multilobar chest radiography involvement (1 point), low albumin level (1 point), high respiratory rate (1 point), tachycardia (1 point), confusion (1 point), poor oxygenation (2 points), and low arterial pH (2 points): SMART-COP. A SMART-COP score of >or=3 points identified 92% of patients who received IRVS, including 84% of patients who did not need immediate admission to the intensive care unit. Accuracy was also high in the 5 validation databases. Sensitivities of PSI and CURB-65 for identifying the need for IRVS were 74% and 39%, respectively., Conclusions: SMART-COP is a simple, practical clinical tool for accurately predicting the need for IRVS that is likely to assist clinicians in determining CAP severity.
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- 2008
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161. The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Australia: why penicillin plus doxycycline or a macrolide is the most appropriate therapy.
- Author
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Charles PG, Whitby M, Fuller AJ, Stirling R, Wright AA, Korman TM, Holmes PW, Christiansen KJ, Waterer GW, Pierce RJ, Mayall BC, Armstrong JG, Catton MG, Nimmo GR, Johnson B, Hooy M, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia epidemiology, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria isolation & purification, Ceftriaxone therapeutic use, Community-Acquired Infections epidemiology, Community-Acquired Infections mortality, Female, Guideline Adherence statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Bacterial epidemiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial mortality, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral mortality, Prospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Viruses isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Community-Acquired Infections microbiology, Community-Acquired Infections virology, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Macrolides therapeutic use, Penicillins therapeutic use, Pneumonia, Bacterial microbiology, Pneumonia, Viral virology
- Abstract
Background: Available data on the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Australia are very limited. Local treatment guidelines promote the use of combination therapy with agents such as penicillin or amoxycillin combined with either doxycycline or a macrolide., Methods: The Australian CAP Study (ACAPS) was a prospective, multicenter study of 885 episodes of CAP in which all patients underwent detailed assessment for bacterial and viral pathogens (cultures, urinary antigen testing, serological methods, and polymerase chain reaction). Antibiotic agents and relevant clinical outcomes were recorded., Results: The etiology was identified in 404 (45.6%) of 885 episodes, with the most frequent causes being Streptococcus pneumoniae (14%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (9%), and respiratory viruses (15%; influenza, picornavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus). Antibiotic-resistant pathogens were rare: only 5.4% of patients had an infection for which therapy with penicillin plus doxycycline would potentially fail. Concordance with local antibiotic recommendations was high (82.4%), with the most commonly prescribed regimens being a penicillin plus either doxycycline or a macrolide (55.8%) or ceftriaxone plus either doxycycline or a macrolide (36.8%). The 30-day mortality rate was 5.6% (50 of 885 episodes), and mechanical ventilation or vasopressor support were required in 94 episodes (10.6%). Outcomes were not compromised by receipt of narrower-spectrum beta-lactams, and they did not differ on the basis of whether a pathogen was identified., Conclusions: The vast majority of patients with CAP can be treated successfully with narrow-spectrum beta-lactam treatment, such as penicillin combined with doxycycline or a macrolide. Greater use of such therapy could potentially reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistance among common bacterial pathogens.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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162. Investigation of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens in a neonatal unit via a case-control study and molecular typing.
- Author
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Friedman ND, Kotsanas D, Brett J, Billah B, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Cluster Analysis, Female, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Infant, Newborn, Length of Stay, Risk Factors, Cross Infection epidemiology, Cross Infection microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Ribotyping, Serratia Infections epidemiology, Serratia Infections microbiology, Serratia marcescens classification, Serratia marcescens isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: In March 2004, infection or colonization with Serratia marcescens affected one third of all neonates in a newborn services unit (NBS)., Methods: We performed a case-control study and automated ribotyping., Results: Forty-nine cases were compared with 64 controls. The overall mean length of stay (LOS) in the NBS was 67 days for cases and 36 days for controls, P = .005. Cases were of lower mean birth weight than controls (1566 g vs 1968 g, respectively, P = .02). Risk factors that trended toward significance for S marcescens acquisition included the following: premature rupture of membranes (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.0-7.1; P = .05), vaginal delivery at our hospital (OR, 2.1; 95% CI: 0.9-4.6; P = .06), intubation at delivery (OR, 2.3; 95% CI: 0.9-5.2; P = .05), mechanical ventilation (OR, 2.1; 95% CI: 0.9-4.4; P = .06), and theophylline treatment (OR, 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.4; P = .02). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed vaginal delivery at our hospital (OR, 3.4; 95% CI: 1.4-8.2; P = .007) and LOS >30 days (OR, 4.4; 95% CI: 1.8-10.6; P = .001) as independent risk factors for S marcescens acquisition. Ribotyping of specimens revealed 5 restriction patterns., Conclusion: Cases were of lower birth weight than controls, were born by vaginal delivery at our hospital, had longer LOS in NBS, and had greater requirements for respiratory support. Ribotyping of specimens revealed that this outbreak was not clonal.
- Published
- 2008
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163. What's hanging around your neck? Pathogenic bacteria on identity badges and lanyards.
- Author
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Kotsanas D, Scott C, Gillespie EE, Korman TM, and Stuart RL
- Subjects
- Clothing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Enterococcus isolation & purification, Female, Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria isolation & purification, Hospital Units, Humans, Male, Medical Staff, Hospital, Methicillin Resistance, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Records, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Cross Infection microbiology, Equipment Contamination, Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether identity badges and lanyards worn by health care workers (HCWs) are capable of harbouring potentially pathogenic bacteria., Design, Setting and Participants: Cross-sectional study of 71 HCWs (59 clinical ward staff and 12 infection control staff) at Monash Medical Centre, a university teaching hospital. Samples from lanyards, identity badge surfaces and connections (eg, clips, keys, pens) were cultured. The study was conducted from July to August 2006., Main Outcome Measures: Presence of pathogenic bacteria on identity badges and lanyards; differences in bacterial counts on items carried by nurses and doctors., Results: A total of 27 lanyards were identified with pathogenic bacteria, compared with 18 badges. Analysing lanyards and badges as a combined group, seven had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 29 had methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), four had Enterococcus spp and five had aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Lanyards were found to be contaminated with 10 times the median bacterial load per area sampled compared with identity badges. There were no significant differences between nurses and doctors in total median bacterial counts on items carried, but doctors had 4.41 times the risk of carrying MSSA on lanyards (95% CI, 1.14-13.75)., Conclusion: Identity badges and lanyards worn by HCWs may be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, which could be transmitted to patients. In view of this finding we suggest appropriate infection control interventions.
- Published
- 2008
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164. Corynebacterium kutscheri infection of skin and soft tissue following rat bite.
- Author
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Holmes NE and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Animals, Corynebacterium classification, Corynebacterium genetics, Female, Humans, Infant, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Bites and Stings complications, Corynebacterium isolation & purification, Corynebacterium Infections etiology, Rats microbiology, Skin Diseases, Bacterial etiology, Soft Tissue Infections etiology
- Abstract
Corynebacterium kutscheri is a common bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of healthy mice and rats. We report the first well-documented case of C. kutscheri human infection which followed a rat bite. The microorganism was identified by conventional biochemical tests and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
- Published
- 2007
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165. A quarter of a century of adult peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis at an Australian medical center.
- Author
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Brown F, Liu WJ, Kotsanas D, Korman TM, and Atkins RC
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- Australia, Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycoses epidemiology, Peritoneal Dialysis instrumentation, Peritonitis microbiology, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Peritoneal Dialysis adverse effects, Peritonitis epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Peritonitis remains one of the major complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and results in reduced technique survival and increased patient morbidity and mortality., Methods: We prospectively recorded comprehensive data on all episodes of PD peritonitis over a 25-year period, including organisms isolated and antibiotic sensitivities. Data on 1588 PD patient-years with 2073 episodes of peritonitis were analyzed; 2089 organisms were isolated in 608 patients. Peritoneal dialysis technique and patient survival were also recorded., Results: There was a significant decline over the years in the incidence of peritonitis, from 6.5 to 0.35 episodes/patient-year, with the decline in the post twin-bag era from 2.3 to 0.47 (p < 0.001) due primarily to a decrease in gram-positive organisms. The most common isolates (68.9%) were gram-positive organisms; gram-negative organisms comprised 26.8% and fungi 4.1%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common pathogen isolated (35.3%). Culture-negative peritonitis was seen in 13.4% of episodes., Conclusion: This is the largest series of PD peritonitis reported, demonstrating a dramatic reduction over a 25-year period and also detailing the changing trends of organisms isolated in association with improved technique and patient survival. Although rates have improved, peritonitis remains a major complication and further research needs to be done to improve both PD technique and patient survival.
- Published
- 2007
166. Risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis: can we reduce the incidence and improve patient selection?
- Author
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Kotsanas D, Polkinghorne KR, Korman TM, Atkins RC, and Brown F
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Peritonitis etiology, Peritonitis prevention & control, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, South Australia epidemiology, Peritoneal Dialysis adverse effects, Peritonitis epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and a major cause of hospitalization, catheter loss, transfer to haemodialysis and death. Thus, it is important to identify risk factors for PD-related peritonitis in order to reduce the incidence and improve patient selection., Methods: This study is a prospective cohort review (1992-2003) with data consisting of 12,844 patient months, 506 PD patients and 623 episodes of peritonitis. Comorbidities and patient demographics were provided by the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry and these were merged with the hospital combined clinical and microbiology laboratory peritonitis database., Results: Variables identified to be associated with an increased likelihood of peritonitis were: age (every 10 years; OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.07-1.48), gender (female; OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.2-3.01), current smoker at entry to dialysis (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.04-2.82) and the pre twin bag connection system (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.22-3.52)., Conclusion: Increasing age, female gender and smoking increased the risk of peritonitis. Identifying these risk factors will assist in the selection, training and monitoring of our PD population.
- Published
- 2007
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167. Continuous-infusion penicillin home-based therapy for serious infections due to penicillin-susceptible pathogens.
- Author
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Walton AL, Howden BP, Grayson LM, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Bacteria drug effects, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Drug Hypersensitivity complications, Female, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Penicillin G adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Home Infusion Therapy, Infusions, Intravenous adverse effects, Penicillin G administration & dosage, Penicillin G therapeutic use
- Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of continuous-infusion (CI) penicillin in the treatment of serious bacterial infections, consecutive adult patients with deep-seated infections due to penicillin-susceptible pathogens were treated with CI aqueous penicillin G in a home-based programme, and their treatment outcomes were reviewed. Thirty-one patients with microbiologically proven infections completed the planned course of treatment. Twenty of 31 (65%) were followed for at least 2 months thereafter, and all remained free of relapse. One patient had fever attributable to penicillin hypersensitivity, two patients developed catheter-site infections and one patient developed catheter-related bacteraemia. Thus, CI penicillin is feasible for the home-based treatment of a variety of deep-seated infections with minimal toxicity.
- Published
- 2007
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168. Acute pancreatitis caused by tipranavir/ritonavir-induced hypertriglyceridaemia.
- Author
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Chapman SJ, Woolley IJ, Visvanathan K, and Korman TM
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- Acute Disease, Adult, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active adverse effects, Humans, Male, Sulfonamides, HIV Protease Inhibitors adverse effects, Hypertriglyceridemia chemically induced, Pancreatitis chemically induced, Pyridines adverse effects, Pyrones adverse effects, Ritonavir adverse effects
- Published
- 2007
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169. Rat-bite fever septic arthritis: illustrative case and literature review.
- Author
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Dendle C, Woolley IJ, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Arthritis, Infectious drug therapy, Bites and Stings microbiology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Rat-Bite Fever drug therapy, Streptobacillus drug effects, Arthritis, Infectious microbiology, Rat-Bite Fever complications, Streptobacillus isolation & purification, Synovial Fluid microbiology
- Abstract
Rat-bite fever is a rare zoonotic infection caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus, which is characterised by fever, rash and arthritis. The arthritis has previously been described as non-suppurative and isolation of the organism from synovial fluid as very uncommon. This article reports a case of septic arthritis diagnosed as rat-bite fever when the organism was cultured from synovial fluid and reviews another 15 cases of S. moniliformis septic arthritis reported in the worldwide literature since 1985. Articles were included in this review if S. moniliformis was cultured from synovial fluid. Of the published cases, 88% presented with polyarthritis, affecting small and large joints although two had monoarticular hip sepsis. Fever was present in 88%, rash in 25% and 56% had extra-articular features. Synovial fluid analysis revealed high cell counts in all cases (mean 51,000 x 10(9)/l) with a predominance of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and organisms were found on Gram stain in only 50%. Penicillin was used for treatment in 56% of cases and surgery was required in 30%. All patients recovered. Rat-bite fever arthritis can be suppurative and attempts should be made to isolate the organism from synovial fluid. The diagnosis should be considered when there is arthritis and a high synovial fluid cell count but no apparent organism, especially when the patient has had contact with rats.
- Published
- 2006
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170. Duration of in vivo antimicrobial activity of antibiotic-impregnated cerebrospinal fluid catheters.
- Author
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Pattavilakom A, Kotasnas D, Korman TM, Xenos C, and Danks A
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- Adult, Catheters, Indwelling, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts methods, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections prevention & control, Staphylococcus aureus, Time Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts adverse effects, Coated Materials, Biocompatible administration & dosage
- Abstract
Objective: Shunt infection is a major neurosurgical concern even after 50 years of experience with shunt surgery. Staphylococcus species are responsible for the majority of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. In vitro, antibiotic-impregnated cerebrospinal fluid shunt catheters (AIC) have demonstrated protection against multiple staphylococcus species and strains for reasonable periods. We aim to study the longevity of antimicrobial activity of AIC in vivo by using explanted catheters., Methods: Twenty-five AICs (rifampicin [0.054%] and clindamycin [0.15%]) were explanted from 18 patients for noninfectious reasons, from 11 to 700 days postimplantation. The catheters were set up on standardized Staphylococcus aureus culture plates to detect antimicrobial activity. Unused fresh AIC segments were used as control in each culture plates., Results: Fourteen explanted AICs demonstrated persistent antimicrobial activity against staphylococcal species. Antimicrobial activity was detected for a period of implantation up to 127 days. This is longer than that predicted by in vitro models., Conclusion: The persistent antimicrobial activity is likely to translate to ongoing in vivo antimicrobial protection. This period of protection exceeds that during which most shunt infections occur.
- Published
- 2006
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171. Hypovolemic shock and metabolic acidosis in a refugee secondary to O1 serotype Vibrio cholerae enteritis.
- Author
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Chen LF, Woolley IJ, Visvanathan K, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Rehydration Solutions therapeutic use, Acidosis etiology, Cholera complications, Refugees, Shock etiology, Vibrio cholerae classification, Vibrio cholerae physiology
- Published
- 2006
172. Community and health-care associated non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Victoria.
- Author
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Howden BP, Grabsch EA, King H, Graham M, Johnson PD, Korman TM, Grayson ML, and Mayall BC
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteremia epidemiology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Victoria epidemiology, Community-Acquired Infections epidemiology, Cross Infection epidemiology, Methicillin Resistance, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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173. Infectious complications of traditional Samoan tattooing.
- Author
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Korman TM, Grayson ML, and Turnidge JD
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- Australia, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Humans, Infant, Nigeria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Samoa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacteremia complications, Bacteremia microbiology, Bacterial Infections complications, Cultural Characteristics, Tattooing adverse effects
- Published
- 2005
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174. Eosinophilic folliculitis: an example of 'immune reconstitution folliculitis'?
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Moyle M, Woolley IJ, Thevarajan I, and Korman TM
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- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active methods, Humans, Eosinophilia immunology, Folliculitis immunology, HIV Infections immunology
- Published
- 2004
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175. Lichenoid drug eruption to tenofovir in an HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected patient.
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Woolley IJ, Veitch AJ, Harangozo CS, Moyle M, and Korman TM
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- HIV Infections complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Tenofovir, Adenine adverse effects, Adenine analogs & derivatives, Anti-HIV Agents adverse effects, Drug Eruptions etiology, HIV Infections drug therapy, Hepatitis B, Chronic complications, Lichenoid Eruptions chemically induced, Organophosphonates adverse effects
- Published
- 2004
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176. Fatal case of toxic shock-like syndrome due to group C streptococcus associated with superantigen exotoxin.
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Korman TM, Boers A, Gooding TM, Curtis N, and Visvanathan K
- Subjects
- Fatal Outcome, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Streptococcus equi immunology, Streptococcus equi pathogenicity, Exotoxins toxicity, Shock, Septic etiology, Streptococcus equi isolation & purification, Superantigens toxicity
- Abstract
Group C streptococci have been reported to cause invasive disease similar to that classically associated with group A streptococcus (GAS). We describe a fatal case of toxic shock-like syndrome due to Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus. The causative organism did not possess any known GAS superantigen exotoxin genes but did show evidence of superantigen production.
- Published
- 2004
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177. Treatment outcomes for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility.
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Howden BP, Ward PB, Charles PG, Korman TM, Fuller A, du Cros P, Grabsch EA, Roberts SA, Robson J, Read K, Bak N, Hurley J, Johnson PD, Morris AJ, Mayall BC, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Linezolid, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Rifampin therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Vancomycin, Acetamides therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Methicillin Resistance, Oxazolidinones therapeutic use, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Vancomycin Resistance
- Abstract
Although infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS) have been reported from a number of countries, including Australia, the optimal therapy is unknown. We reviewed the clinical features, therapy, and outcome of 25 patients with serious infections due to SA-RVS in Australia and New Zealand. Eight patients had endocarditis, 9 had bacteremia associated with deep-seated infection, 6 had osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, and 2 had empyema. All patients had received vancomycin before the isolation of SA-RVS, and glycopeptide treatment had failed for 19 patients (76%). Twenty-one patients subsequently received active treatment, which was effective for 16 patients (76%). Eighteen patients received linezolid, which was effective in 14 (78%), including 4 patients with endocarditis. Twelve patients received a combination of rifampicin and fusidic acid. Surgical intervention was required for 15 patients (60%). Antibiotic therapy, especially linezolid with or without rifampicin and fusidic acid, in conjunction with surgical debulking is effective therapy for the majority of patients with serious infections (including endocarditis) caused by SA-RVS.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. Sequential cutaneous drug reactions to protease inhibitors in the context of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis.
- Author
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Woolley I, Tapley N, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Adult, Female, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Indinavir adverse effects, Lamivudine therapeutic use, Occupational Exposure, Zidovudine therapeutic use, Drug Hypersensitivity etiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Protease Inhibitors adverse effects, Needlestick Injuries, Occupational Diseases prevention & control
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Management of Aspergillus osteomyelitis: report of failure of liposomal amphotericin B and response to voriconazole in an immunocompetent host and literature review.
- Author
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Stratov I, Korman TM, and Johnson PD
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Aspergillosis diagnosis, Aspergillosis immunology, Aspergillus isolation & purification, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunocompetence, Lumbar Vertebrae pathology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Male, Middle Aged, Osteomyelitis diagnosis, Osteomyelitis drug therapy, Osteomyelitis immunology, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, Spondylitis diagnosis, Spondylitis immunology, Treatment Failure, Treatment Outcome, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B administration & dosage, Aspergillosis drug therapy, Aspergillus drug effects, Pyrimidines administration & dosage, Spondylitis drug therapy, Triazoles administration & dosage
- Abstract
Presented here is a case of Aspergillus osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient that progressed despite surgery and prolonged treatment with liposomal amphotericin B; the report is followed by a review of the literature. The review of this case and 41 similar cases found an overall cure rate of 69%. The importance of surgery when amphotericin B is used as first-line therapy is indicated by a 14% cure rate when amphotericin B is used alone compared to 75% when combined with surgery. When therapy is failing or surgery is contraindicated, dose escalation using a lipid formulation was not effective. On review, the addition of another agent, in particular 5-fluorocytosine, appears to be more beneficial. The patient reported here responded rapidly to voriconazole, a promising new antifungal agent for Aspergillus infections.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Laboratory detection and investigation of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
- Author
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Midolo PD, Korman TM, Kotsanas D, Russo P, and Kerr TG
- Subjects
- Culture Media, Humans, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Oxacillin pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Vancomycin Resistance
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. You oughta be congratulated?
- Author
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Padiglione AA, Marshall CE, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Humans, Conflict of Interest, Industry organization & administration, Interprofessional Relations, Periodicals as Topic standards, Publishing standards
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Bacteraemia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an analysis of 45 episodes.
- Author
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Friedman ND, Korman TM, Fairley CK, Franklin JC, and Spelman DW
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Australia, Bacteremia mortality, Catheterization, Central Venous adverse effects, Cross Infection microbiology, Cross Infection mortality, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Female, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Opportunistic Infections mortality, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia drug effects, Treatment Outcome, Bacteremia epidemiology, Bacteremia microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolation & purification
- Abstract
Objective: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen and a therapeutic challenge. A ten-year review of episodes of bacteraemia due to S. maltophilia was undertaken in light of reports of an increasing frequency of infection., Methods: A retrospective analysis of bloodstream infections due toS. maltophilia at a tertiary care hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Cases were identified via microbiology laboratory reports, and relevant clinical data were collected from the medical record of each patient., Results: Eighty per cent of these 45 episodes were nosocomial. The most common characteristics in cases of bacteraemia were the presence of an indwelling central venous catheter (CVC) (38/45, 84%) and previous antibiotic therapy (33/45, 73%). There were 8 deaths (8/44, 18%) within 7 days of bacteraemia. A significant correlation was found between deaths and a failure to remove the CVC (P = 0.01) or treat with appropriate antimicrobials (P = 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that isolates were most sensitive to sulphamethoxazole (80%), chloramphenicol (75.5%) and ceftazidime (64.5%)., Conclusions: S. maltophilia is an important pathogen especially in the highly compromised host. Isolation of this organism from a blood culture should prompt a careful review of the patient with particular emphasis on removal of indwelling CVCs and commencement of appropriate antibiotic therapy., (Copyright 2002 The British Infection Society)
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime use in Victorian hospitals.
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Robertson MB, Korman TM, Dartnell JG, Ioannides-Demos LL, Kirsa SW, Lord JA, Munafo L, and Byrnes GB
- Subjects
- Cross Infection drug therapy, Guideline Adherence, Hospitals statistics & numerical data, Hospitals, Teaching statistics & numerical data, Humans, Logistic Models, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Victoria, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Cefotaxime therapeutic use, Ceftriaxone therapeutic use, Cephalosporins therapeutic use, Drug Utilization Review
- Abstract
Objective: To determine patterns of use of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (CEFX) in Victorian hospitals and to identify areas for improvement., Design, Patients and Setting: A concurrent, observational evaluation of CEFX use in patients commencing a course of these drugs between 8 and 14 September, 1999, in 51 Victorian hospitals., Main Outcome Measures: Proportion of patients treated with CEFX; indications; duration of use; concordance with recommendations of national antibiotic guidelines (Therapeutic guidelines: antibiotic, 10th edition [AG10])., Results: 671 patients were treated with CEFX. The overall rate of use was 43 patients per 1000 inpatient separations. Treatment of respiratory tract infection accounted for 352 patients (52%) and surgical prophylaxis for 99 patients (15%). Treatment of skin/soft tissue, urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract infections accounted for about 7% of patients each. The median duration of CEFX courses was 3.0 days. The overall rate of concordance with indications recommended in AG10 was 27%. The rate of concordance for empirical treatment of respiratory tract infection was 24%. Of the 195 patients treated empirically with CEFX for community-acquired respiratory tract infection and assessed as non-concordant, 64% did not have radiological evidence of pneumonia, and a further 30% did not fulfill the criteria for severe pneumonia. All courses given for surgical prophylaxis were non-concordant., Conclusions: CEFX is widely used in Victorian hospitals, mostly to treat lower respiratory tract infection and in surgical prophylaxis of infection. The rate of concordance with AG10 is low. Potential areas for intervention include empirical treatment of respiratory tract infection and use in surgical prophylaxis.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. Monoclonal gammopathy and septic arthritis.
- Author
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Korman TM, Brodie GN, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Humans, Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use, Arthritis, Infectious microbiology, Paraproteinemias complications
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. Vancomycin and teicoplanin use in Victorian hospitals. The Victorian Drug Usage Evaluation Group.
- Author
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Robertson MB, Dartnell JG, and Korman TM
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Utilization, Female, Floxacillin therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infusions, Parenteral, Injections, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Penicillin Resistance, Penicillins therapeutic use, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Teicoplanin administration & dosage, Time Factors, Vancomycin administration & dosage, Victoria, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Teicoplanin therapeutic use, Vancomycin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: To determine patterns of prescribing of glycopeptide antibiotics (vancomycin and teicoplanin) in Victorian hospitals and identify areas for targeted intervention., Design: A concurrent, observational, multisite evaluation of drug use., Setting: Thirty-five Victorian hospitals, 1-14 September 1997., Study Population: Patients commencing a glycopeptide antibiotic course., Main Outcome Measures: Rate of glycopeptide antibiotic use; indications; duration of use; main hospitals using glycopeptide antibiotics., Results: 293 patients (269 adults and 24 neonates) commenced on 302 glycopeptide antibiotic courses: 296 intravenous (i.v.) vancomycin courses and three each of oral vancomycin and parenteral teicoplanin. The overall rate of use was 10.3 courses per 1000 inpatient separations. Of 271 i.v. vancomycin courses for adults, 176 (65%) were for treatment--120 empirically. The median duration of treatment courses was 4.7 days (interquartile range, 2.0-8.2 days). A flucloxacillin-resistant organism was confirmed for 44% of treatment courses. Ninety-five i.v. vancomycin courses were for prophylaxis, including for cardiac (54%) and vascular surgery (21%); 82% of prophylactic courses were administered for less than 24 hours. Of all the glycopeptide antibiotic courses, 69% were administered at five major metropolitan hospitals., Conclusions: Glycopeptide antibiotic use in Victoria is concentrated in the major metropolitan hospitals. Prolonged durations of vancomycin therapy, including for surgical prophylaxis and empirical therapy not subsequently confirmed by microbiology findings, would be suitable targets for interventional strategies.
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. Three cases of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bacteremia confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
- Author
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Tee W, Korman TM, Waters MJ, Macphee A, Jenney A, Joyce L, and Dyall-Smith ML
- Subjects
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria genetics, Humans, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, RNA, Bacterial analysis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S analysis, Bacteremia microbiology, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria isolation & purification, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
- Abstract
We describe three cases of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens bacteremia from Australia. We believe one of these cases represents the first report of A. succiniciproducens bacteremia in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individual. The other two patients had an underlying disorder (one patient had bleeding esophageal varices complicating alcohol liver disease and one patient had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). A motile, gram-negative, spiral anaerobe was isolated by culturing blood from all patients. Electron microscopy showed a curved bacterium with bipolar tufts of flagella resembling Anaerobiospirillum spp. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of the isolates revealed no close relatives (organisms likely to be in the same genus) in the sequence databases, nor were any sequence data available forA. succiniciproducens. This report presents for the first time the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain of A. succiniciproducens, strain ATCC 29305. Two of the three clinical isolates have sequences identical to that of the type strain, while the sequence of the other strain differs from that of the type strain at 4 nucleotides.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Acute glomerulonephritis associated with acute Q fever: case report and review of the renal complications of Coxiella burnetii infection.
- Author
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Korman TM, Spelman DW, Perry GJ, and Dowling JP
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adult, Glomerulonephritis immunology, Glomerulonephritis microbiology, Glomerulonephritis physiopathology, Humans, Male, Q Fever immunology, Q Fever microbiology, Q Fever physiopathology, Glomerulonephritis complications, Q Fever complications
- Abstract
We report a case of acute glomerulonephritis associated with acute Q fever. An abattoir worker with a nonspecific febrile illness and pneumonia and abnormal liver function test results developed hematuria, proteinuria, and acute renal failure that resolved with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Renal biopsy demonstrated diffuse proliferative and exudative glomerulonephritis. Serological tests confirmed recent infection with Coxiella burnetii, with a fourfold rise in the titer of phase II antibody, positive phase II IgM antibody, and negative phase I antibody. Other known causes of glomerulonephritis were excluded. Most reports of renal complications of C. burnetii infection describe glomerulonephritis associated with endocarditis due to chronic Q fever. Renal involvement in patients with acute C. burnetii infection has been rarely described. Glomerulonephritis should be recognized as a complication of acute C. burnetii infection and endocarditis due to chronic Q fever.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Inflammatory tinea corporis due to Trichophyton verrucosum.
- Author
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Korman TM, Fuller A, and Dowling JP
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Dermatitis etiology, Tinea etiology, Trichophyton isolation & purification
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Fatal Legionella longbeachae infection following heart transplantation.
- Author
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Korman TM, Fuller A, Ibrahim J, Kaye D, and Bergin P
- Subjects
- Cross Infection microbiology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct, Humans, Latex Fixation Tests, Middle Aged, Heart Transplantation, Legionella isolation & purification, Legionellosis drug therapy, Legionellosis microbiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial microbiology, Postoperative Complications microbiology
- Abstract
A case of fatal Legionella longbeachae infection following heart transplantation is described. Gram stains of respiratory secretions on day 17 posttransplant revealed leucocytes and gram-negative bacilli, but there was no growth on routine bacterial culture. Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 was isolated from respiratory specimens, blood, and postmortem lung tissue. Legionella longbeachae is a common cause of legionellosis in Australia, and infection has been associated with exposure to potting mixes. Specific culture for Legionella spp. should be performed for any patient who develops pneumonia following organ transplantation.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Anaerobic meningitis due to Peptostreptococcus species: case report and review.
- Author
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Korman TM, Athan E, and Spelman DW
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Meningitis, Bacterial drug therapy, Meningitis, Bacterial surgery, Middle Aged, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections surgery, Meningitis, Bacterial microbiology, Peptostreptococcus isolation & purification
- Abstract
We describe a patient with postsurgical anaerobic meningitis due to Peptostreptococcus magnus. In cases of meningitis associated with Peptostreptococcus species reported in the literature, the most common predisposing factors are meningorectal fistulae and head-and-neck surgery. Most patients respond well to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Surgical intervention may be required in some instances.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
191. Leptospirosis in a returned traveller: isolation of a new Leptospira serovar.
- Author
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Korman TM, Globan MS, Smythe LD, and Street AC
- Subjects
- Australia ethnology, Humans, Indonesia, Leptospirosis diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Leptospira isolation & purification, Leptospirosis microbiology, Travel
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Neurological complications of chlamydial infections: case report and review.
- Author
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Korman TM, Turnidge JD, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Aged, Chlamydia Infections etiology, Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittaci, Female, Humans, Nervous System Diseases microbiology, Respiratory Insufficiency complications, Respiratory Tract Diseases microbiology, Cerebellar Diseases microbiology, Chlamydia Infections complications, Chlamydophila pneumoniae
- Abstract
We describe a patient with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection who presented with cerebellar dysfunction, followed by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. C. pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, and other clinical manifestations, including neurological syndromes, are being increasingly recognized. Meningoencephalitis and other neurological complications have also been described in patients with infections due to Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydial infections should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurological syndromes, including cerebellar dysfunction.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. Acute hepatitis associated with Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia.
- Author
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Korman TM, Varley CC, and Spelman DW
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacteremia drug therapy, Bacteremia microbiology, Campylobacter Infections drug therapy, Female, Hepatitis microbiology, Humans, Liver Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Transaminases metabolism, Bacteremia complications, Campylobacter Infections complications, Campylobacter jejuni, Hepatitis complications
- Abstract
A case of acute hepatitis associated with Campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia is reported. Transaminase levels were increased over 50-fold in a patient with clinical features of enteritis and septicaemia. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from blood and faecal cultures. Other infective and noninfective causes of acute hepatitis were excluded. The patient's symptoms and liver function values improved after antimicrobial therapy. Hepatitis should be considered as a complication of human Campylobacter jejuni infection.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. Polymicrobial septicaemia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes following traditional tattooing.
- Author
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Korman TM, Grayson ML, and Turnidge JD
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Sepsis etiology, Streptococcal Infections microbiology, Streptococcus pyogenes, Tattooing adverse effects
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. Pneumococcal arthritis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
- Author
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Korman TM, Brodie GN, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Arthritis, Infectious complications, Paraproteinemias complications, Pneumococcal Infections complications
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. Fistula-in-ano: don't forget tuberculosis.
- Author
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Korman TM, Mijch AM, Bassily R, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Rectal Fistula microbiology, Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
197. Risk factors for adverse cutaneous reactions associated with intravenous vancomycin.
- Author
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Korman TM, Turnidge JD, and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Therapeutic Equivalency, Vancomycin administration & dosage, Vancomycin blood, Vancomycin pharmacokinetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Drug Eruptions etiology, Vancomycin adverse effects
- Abstract
We retrospectively studied adverse cutaneous reactions associated with intravenous vancomycin therapy over a 14-month period when two different brands of vancomycin were used. Of 224 adults, 12 (5.4%) had infusion-related reactions; ten of 174 patients who received more than one day of vancomycin (5.7%) had delayed cutaneous reactions. Age less than 40 years was a risk factor for both infusion-related and delayed reactions by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Duration of therapy greater than 7 days was a risk factor for delayed reactions. There was a significant increase in adverse cutaneous reactions associated with the use of a particular batch of vancomycin, although analytical testing of this batch failed to identify any difference from other batches associated with routine rates of adverse reactions. Awareness of vancomycin-associated infusion-related and delayed cutaneous reactions is necessary, and the risk factors associated with these reactions may have important clinical implications.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. Treatment of urinary tract infections.
- Author
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Korman TM and Grayson ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Pyelonephritis complications, Pyelonephritis drug therapy, Recurrence, Urinary Catheterization adverse effects, Urinary Tract Infections complications, Urinary Tract Infections etiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary therapeutic use, Urinary Tract Infections drug therapy
- Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common conditions in clinical practice. For uncomplicated UTIs, the causative organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are generally predictable, and empiric short course (3 day) antibiotic therapy after an abbreviated laboratory workup is advocated. Acute pyelonephritis requires a 2 week antibiotic course, often with initial parenteral therapy. Women with frequent recurrences of UTIs may require intermittent self-treatment or continuous or postcoital antibiotic prophylaxis. Catheter-associated UTIs generally only require treatment if the patient shows signs of systemic infection. Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is only recommended in certain circumstances. Careful consideration of the clinical circumstances, the patient's known or predicted urinary tract anatomy, and the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial pathogen(s) are critical factors in the choice of appropriate therapy for urinary tract infections.
- Published
- 1995
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