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Hydrogels, as classic soft materials, are important materials for tissue engineering and biosensing with unique properties, such as good biocompatibility, high stretchability, strong adhesion, excellent self-healing, and self-recovery. Conductive hydrogels possess the additional property of conductivity, which endows them with advanced applications in actuating devices, biomedicine, and sensing. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent development of conductive hydrogels in the field of strain sensors, with particular focus on the types of conductive fillers, including ionic conductors, conducting nanomaterials, and conductive polymers. The synthetic methods of such conductive hydrogel materials and their physical and chemical properties are highlighted. At last, challenges and future perspectives of conductive hydrogels applied in flexible strain sensors are discussed.

Based on the research method of combining simulation analysis with field testing by distinct element process UDEC, we have analyzed the roof deformation and failure laws and roadway support technology of gob-side entry retaining in a thin seam with a large inclined angle. The results show that during exploitation in seams with large inclined angle, rotational subsidence of the main roof under the gob area is small and can maintain balance, so there is no need to provide artificial permanent support resistance for the main roof near the upper side to control rotational subsidence. Obstructed by the dense scrap rail, waste rock from the immediate roof caving slides from the upper gob area to the lower area and fills it, which strikes a balance between the immediate roof under the goaf after it fractures into large pieces and filling waste rocks. Keywords: Large inclined angle, Gob-side entry retaining, Spontaneous caving, Thin seam, Field test

A letter to the editor is presented regarding the association of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone (PgR), HER-2/neu, p53, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with known prognostic factors.

Presents a study which determined the possible mechanism by which MDL 28170 modulates Aβ formation by examining its effects on the three intramembrane cleavages of amyloid precursor protein. Effect of MDL 28170 at low concentrations; Experiment done to determine the effect of MDL 28170 on the formation of these Aβ species; Conclusions and significance of the study.

β-Amyloid precursor protein apparently undergoes at least three major cleavages, γ-, ϵ-, and the newly identified ζ-cleavage, within its transmembrane domain to produce secreted β-amyloid protein (Aβ). However, the roles of ϵ- and ζ-cleavages in the formation of secreted Aβ and the relationship among these three cleavages, namely ϵ-, ζ-, and γ-cleavages, remain elusive. We investigated these issues by attempting to determine the formation and turnover of the intermediate products generated by these cleavages, in the presence or absence of known γ-secretase inhibitors. By using a differential inhibition strategy, our data demonstrate that Aβ46 is an intermediate precursor of secreted Aβ. Our co-immunoprecipitation data also reveal that, as an intermediate, Aβ46 is tightly associated with presenilin in intact cells. Furthermore, we identified a long Aβ species that is most likely the long sought after intermediate product, Aβ49, generated by ϵ-cleavage, and this Aβ49 is further processed by ζ- and γ-cleavages to generate Aβ46 and ultimately the secreted Aβ40/42. More interestingly, our data demonstrate that γ-cleavage not only occurs last but also depends on ζ-cleavage occurring prior to it, indicating that ,ζ-cleavage is crucial for the formation of secreted Aβ. Thus, we conclude that the C terminus of secreted Aβ is most likely generated by a series of sequential cleavages, namely first ϵ-cleavage which is then followed by ζ- and γ-cleavages, and that Aβ46 produced by ζ-cleavage is the precursor of secreted Aβ40/42. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]