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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in several cellular functions and tumour progression. A previous microarray study demonstrated that miR-135b is downregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) cells, but the role and molecular mechanism of miR-135b in the regulation of tumour metastasis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, significant downregulation of miR-135b in PCa tissues, compared with noncancerous tissues, was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the expression of miR-135b was demonstrated to be associated with the pathological stage and the levels of total and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in PCa cells. In addition, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) was identified as a target of miR-135b in PCa cells by luciferase activity and western blot assays. The upregulation of miR-135b in PCa cells led to reduced expression of STAT6 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of these cells, while the overexpression of miR-135b and knockdown of STAT6 were able to inhibit the migration and invasion abilities of PCa cells in vitro. Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that miR-135b suppresses tumour metastasis by targeting STAT6.

We propose a feasible scheme for implementing quantum secure direct communication in trapped ion systems. According to the results measured by the sender, the receiver can obtain different secret messages in a deterministic way. Our scheme is insensitive to both the initial vibrational state and heating. The probability of the success in our scheme is 1.0.

It is widely accepted that substantial nighttime sap flux (J s,n) or transpiration (E) occurs in most plants, but the physiological implications are poorly known. It has been hypothesized that J s,n or E serves to enhance nitrogen uptake or deliver oxygen; however, no clear evidence is currently available. In this study, sap flux (J s) in Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla with apparent stem photosynthesis was measured, including control trees which were covered by aluminum foil (approximately 1/3 of tree height) to block stem photosynthesis. We hypothesized that the nighttime water flux would be suppressed in trees with lower stem photosynthesis. The results showed that the green tissue degraded after 3 months, demonstrating a decrease in stem photosynthesis. The daytime J s decreased by 21.47%, while J s,n decreased by 12.03% in covered trees as compared to that of control, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The linear quantile regression model showed that J s,n decreased for a given daytime transpiration water loss, indicating that J s,n was suppressed by lower stem photosynthesis in covered trees. Predawn (ψ pd) of covered trees was marginally higher than that of control while lower at predawn stomatal conductance (g s), indicating a suppressed water flux in covered trees. There was no difference in leaf carbon content and δ(13)C between the two groups, while leaf nitrogen content and δ(15)N were significantly higher in covered trees than that of the control (P < 0.05), indicating that J s,n was not used for nitrogen uptake. These results suggest that J s,n may act as an oxygen pathway since green tissue has a higher respiration or oxygen demand than non-green tissue. Thus, this study demonstrated the physiological implications of J s,n and the possible benefits of nighttime water use or E by the tree.

Previous work has demonstrated that constant water use per unit leaf area results from the combined control of stomatal and hydraulic conductance holds for plant water use; however, few studies have ever explored the water use of a popularly planted fast-grown tree species, eucalyptus, in southern China. In this study, seasonal variations in hydraulic traits and ecophysiological parameters were monitored via the sap flux, leaf water potential (ψleaf) and associated environmental variables to investigate the water use of a five-year-old Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Guangxi province, China, in July and October 2012 and January and April 2013. The results show that predawn ψleaf was similar among all months, suggesting an abundance of soil water in the study site. There was a significant seasonal variation in midday ψleaf. Moreover, canopy stomatal conductance (Gs) was higher in July than in October and linearly decreased with the natural logarithm of the vapor pressure deficit (ln(VPD)). Furthermore, the hydraulic conductance from soil to leaves (K) per unit sapwood area in the dry season (October) was relatively high compared to that in the wet season (July). Whole-tree water use per day was estimated to be 7.7 kg d−1 and 6.7 kg d−1 in July and October, respectively, and linearly increased with leaf area. However, the slope of the regression line between whole-tree water use per day and leaf area was similar in July and October, clearly indicating that this eucalyptus stand had a constant water use per unit leaf area, which confirms the generally accepted concept. The findings of this study should help address the increasing ecohydrological and water resource concerns related to the rapid expansion of Eucalyptus spp. plantations in southern China, which recently underwent a severe drought.

Quantifying the sensitivity of trees to environmental variables such as vapor pressure deficit (D) is important for understanding the hydrological responses to land use changes and the role of underlying physiological mechanisms. Sap flux (Js), water transport, and sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance (Gs) to D (m) were determined during the early dry season in 2012 and 2013 for young timber trees (5 years), secondary forest trees (∼25 years), and mature forest trees (∼50 years) at three sites of lower subtropical China. The Js was found to be negatively correlated with tree biometric parameters, and whole tree water transport for a given tree size decreased with age or size, which was partially attributed to the lower sapwood quantity for a given diameter. The m and reference Gs at 1 kPa (Gsref) of the seven tree species decreased from young timber to mature trees, although not significantly. The D, which is the extrapolated value when stomata closure (eb/m), significantly varied among species, which decreased from isohydric Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla to more anisohydric Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus citriodora. Js and maximum sap flux (Js,max) decreased with wood density, suggesting that water flux was regulated by biophysical constraints. Wood density was a good predictor of Gsref (r2 = 0.664, P = 0.026), indicating that water flux to D is an intrinsic adaptive characteristic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study linking wood density and Gsref. The responses of water flux to D varied among species, size or age, and hydraulic architecture, which highlights that modeling water budget to land cover transition based on the same hydraulic parameter from one land use scenario can potentially cause extensive errors in model prediction. Our empirical research could be used for the evaluation of the consequences of land use changes on the hydrological process of forest ecosystems.

The safety and efficacy of multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) image post-processing technique-computed tomography (CT) urography (CTU) combined with precise intraoperative ultrasonography guided flexible ureteroscope in renal cyst incision and drainage in the treatment of cystic diseases of kidney were evaluated. A total of 68 patients were randomly divided into control and observation group (n=34). All the patients were treated with renal cyst incision and drainage under flexible ureteroscope. The control group was under ultrasound guidance. The observation group was combined with MPR-CTU, the safety and efficacy was compared. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the success rate and the time of cyst treatment (P>0.05). The incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group. After 1 month follow-up, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P

A novel 96-well liquid-liquid microextraction system combined with modern HPLC was developed and used for the simultaneous analysis of 96 biological samples. The system made use of hollow fibers, a 96-well plate, and a plastic base with a center hole and a side hole. One end of the hollow fiber was sealed, while the other end was attached to one of the holes positioned at the center for the plastic base. The needle was inserted into the liquid from inside or outside of the hollow fiber through the center or the side holes, respectively. The system was tested with plasma samples containing three compounds, acidic indomethacin, neutral dexamethasone, and basic propafenone. Some parameters, such as the kind and dimension of hollow fiber, pH and salt concentration of the donor phase, the selection of organic solvent for the acceptor phase, and the extraction time were investigated. Under the optimization conditions, the Log D and drug concentration of indomethacin, dexamethasone, and propafenone in plasma and urine samples were analyzed. Then, the methodology was validated. The results demonstrated that ng/mL levels could be exactly and rapidly analyzed by our system, which was equipped with an auto-injection sampler, making sample analysis more convenient.

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of two different kinds of disposable circumcision suture devices in adult men.Adult male patients (n = 179; mean age: 23.7 years) with redundant prepuce and/or phimosis were included in a clinical trial from July 2015 to August 2016. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A using the Langhe disposable circumcision suture device (n = 89), and group B using the Daming disposable circumcision suture device (n = 94).Intraoperative and postoperative bleeding were more serious in the group A of disposable circumcision suture device compared with the group B of disposable circumcision suture device (4.21 ± 1.31 ml) versus (2.56 ± 1.45 ml). Patients in the group B of disposable circumcision suture device had a longer swelling time (group A versus group B: 11.7 ± 0.9 days versus 14.5 ± 1.4 days), the postoperative pain score in the 7 days after surgery (group A versus group B: 2.9 ± 0.9 versus 3.8 ± 1.5), and higher postoperative infection rate (group A versus group B: 4.7% versus 13.8%), the differences were statistically significant (p0.05).postoperative complications of the two kinds of disposable circumcision suture devices are different. We should pay attention to the risk of postoperative bleeding when the patients use the Langhe disposable circumcision suture device, while the patients who use the Langhe disposable circumcision suture device will have a longer healing time, and postoperative pain and the risk of infection cannot be ignored after the surgery.

As the big data accumulation in ecology picks up pace, we now have the opportunity to test several macroecological hypotheses, such as the latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) dated from the 1990s. The LHH proposes that plant–herbivore interactions decrease as latitude increases, that is, from lower latitudinal areas (i.e., the equator) to higher latitudinal areas (i.e., the poles). This hypothesis has been challenged in recent years. In this study, we used the greatest volume dataset of leaf herbivory from the study of Zhang et al. (Journal of Ecology, 104, 2016, 1089) to test the LHH at a global scale, based on a quantile regression model. We found that the mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and potential net primary production were heterogeneously correlated with herbivory at different quantiles or variable intervals. Although the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the global‐scale trends are in accordance with the expected latitudinal variation, the Southern Hemisphere (SH) was found to exhibit inverse trends. The latitude has a negative effect on plant–herbivore interactions in the NH and on a global scale; leaf herbivory decreased more at a given latitude in higher latitudinal areas, which is attributed to harsher survival conditions in these areas. The uniformity of leaf herbivory variability along the climate and latitude gradient in the NH and on a global scale motivates that the loosening of this herbivory variability in the SH is not significant enough to dismiss the prevalence of the LHH, a testable macroecology hypothesis.

In this paper, a reaction–diffusion SVIR epidemic model in a spatial heterogeneous environment is proposed. We defined the basic reproduction number ℜ 0 and showed that it is a threshold parameter, which determines the disease extinction or persistence in the case of a bounded domain. The global attractiveness of the constant positive steady state and the explicit formula of ℜ 0 are obtained when the space is homogeneous. Simulation results reveal that the spatial heterogeneity can enhance the spread risk of the disease. It is found that the distribution of infected individuals is affected by different diffusion rate and its prevalence becomes higher when a larger diffusion rate is used. The relationship among the basic reproduction number, the vaccination rate and recovery rate of vaccinated individuals and infected individuals are also addressed. If the recovery rates of vaccinated individuals and infected individuals are sufficiently large, disease can be eradicated by conducting suitable vaccination strategy, which reveals that increasing the recovery rates of vaccinated individuals and infected individuals seems more important than increasing vaccination rate.

The physiological and ecological responses of Ulmus elongata to different concentrations of nano-anatase TiO2 solutions were investigated in this study and we found that with foliar application of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2) and 0.4% (T3) nano-anatase TiO2 solution the net photosynthetic rate of U. elongata seedlings were lower, comparing with the control (CK) (no spraying). TiO2 solution had no effect on the carbon isotope values (δ(13)C), indicating the lower photosynthetic capacity was not caused by stomatal limitation. The nitrogen isotope values (δ(15)N) decreased, but the foliar metal elements, such as Mg, K and Mn contents were not affected by nano-anatase TiO2 which promoted the Cu uptake. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the nano-anatase TiO2 enhanced the absorbance of U. elongata leaves, especially for 1064, 1638, 2926 and 3386 cm(-1) bands, indicating the synthesis of carbohydrate and lipid compounds was a kind of mechanism under the toxic effects of nanonanoparticles.

A novel and reliable ion chromatography (IC) method using graphene (G) as a solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent for the rapid analysis of bisphenol A (BPA) in dairy products was developed. The performances of graphene (G) and commercial C18 for BPA extraction from dairy samples were evaluated; results showed that G had higher adsorption efficiency. IC coupled with an electrochemical detector (ED) is eco-friendly, labor and time saving compared to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effects of the experimental parameters of the IC-ED system were assessed, and the parameters were optimized to provide maximum sensitivity. The linear range is 5–20,000 ng mL−1 with an R value of 0.999. The limit of the detection is 0.8 ng mL−1 for a 25-μL injection loop. The mean relative recoveries ranged between 83.3 % and 104.6 %, the corresponding inter-day precision was below 5.3 % for 20, 200, 2,000, and 15,000 ng mL−1. This method was successfully employed to analyze BPA in dairy samples.

A simple two-step process was developed to render the low-friction copper surface with longer durability. The copper substrate was firstly etched by immersing it in H2O2/HCl solution to fabricate a CuCl film, while a layer of stearic acid was then deposited on the CuCl film. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared microscopy and water contact angle measurements were used to analyze the morphological features, the chemical composition and hydrophobicity of freshly prepared specimens, respectively. Moreover, the friction-reducing behavior of the dual-modified copper surface sliding against a steel ball under unlubricating condition was evaluated in tribotester with a ball-on-plate configuration. It is found that the tribological performances of copper substrate are much improved by depositing stearic acid films on the etched copper.

The main purpose of this study was to optimize the preparation of lysozyme nanoliposomes using response surface methodology and measure their stability. The stabilities of lysozyme nanoliposomes in simulated gastrointestinal fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), as well as pH, temperature and sonication treatment time were evaluated. Reverse-phase evaporation method is an easy, speedy, and beneficial approach for nanoliposomes’ preparation and optimization. The optimal preparative conditions were as follows: phosphatidylcholine-to-cholesterol ratio of 3.86, lysozyme concentration of 1.96 mg/mL, magnetic stirring time of 40.61 min, and ultrasound time of 14.15 min. At the optimal point, encapsulation efficiency and particle size were found to be 75.36% ± 3.20% and 245.6 nm ± 5.2 nm, respectively. The lysozyme nanoliposomes demonstrated certain stability in SGF and SIF at a temperature of 37 °C for 4 h, and short sonication handling times were required to attain nano-scaled liposomes. Under conditions of high temperature, acidity and alkalinity, lysozyme nanoliposomes are unstable.

We discuss the dynamic behavior of a new Lorenz-like chaotic system with distributed delayed feedback by the qualitative analysis and numerical simulations. It is verified that the equilibria are locally asymptotically stable whenα∈(0,α0)and unstable whenα∈(α0,∞); Hopf bifurcation occurs whenαcrosses a critical valueα0by choosingαas a bifurcation parameter. Meanwhile, the explicit algorithm for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions is derived by normal form theorem and center manifold argument. Furthermore, regardingαas a bifurcation parameter, we explore variation tendency of the dynamics behavior of a chaotic system with the increase of the parameter valueα.

Relief material management which aims to reduce the impact of disaster and maintain social stability is of great importance for nonprofit organization (NPO) such as government, department of civil affair or Red Cross. However, the research of efficiency and performance on this field has long been ignored. In order to improve the efficiency and performance of the relief material management, we apply the supply chain management method into this field. Considering the relief material management system as a supply chain with one buyer and one supplier, we introduce the option contract mechanism into relief material supply chain management. With reasonable assumptions, we design an option contract with two delivery steps, and build an option pricing model with binominal lattice to estimate the different values of the same option contract for both members of supply chain. Furthermore, we analyze the impacts of the different parameters (such as the ratio of inventory, subjective probability of disaster, etc.), on the supply chain and its members in detail. The numerical example presented at last demonstrates that, with two delivery steps, there is a feasible price range of option contract which makes both members of relief material supply chain profitable and willing to conduct the transaction with option contract.

The phylogenetic relationship between Ulmus elongata trees growing in different geographic regions was studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal technology. We found that the infrared absorbance values of FTIR spectra differed significantly between U. elongata samples from seven distributed regions. We defined four genetic groups (clades) of U. elongata by differences in 16 characteristic absorbance peaks. The trees (named by regions) were sorted as follows: Shexian Anhui (AHSX) and Lin’an Zhejiang (ZJLA) in clade I, Kaihua (ZJKH), Suichang Zhejiang (ZJSC), and Wuning Jiangxi (JXWN) in (clade II); Songyang Zhejiang (ZJSY) in clade III, and Nanping Fujian (FJNP) clade IV. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis revealed that the leaves of U. elongata had two obvious exothermic pyrolysis stages, and reached maximum mass loss near 550 °C. TG and DT curves between 350 and 550 °C were also used to elucidate the phylogenic relationship between U. elongata samples.

In this experiment, sensitivity to female facial attractiveness was examined by comparing event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to attractive and unattractive female faces within a study-test paradigm. Fourteen heterosexual participants (age range 18-24 years, mean age 21.67 years) were required to judge 84 attractive and 84 unattractive face images as either "attractive" or "unattractive." They were then asked whether they had previously viewed each face in a recognition task in which 50% of the images were novel. Analyses indicated that attractive faces elicited more enhanced ERP amplitudes than did unattractive faces in judgment (N300 and P350-550 msec) and recognition (P160 and N250-400 msec and P400-700 msec) tasks on anterior locations. Moreover, longer reaction times and higher accuracy rate were observed in identifying attractive faces than unattractive faces. In sum, this research identified neural and behavioral bases related to cognitive preferences for judging and recognizing attractive female faces. Explanations for the results are that attractive female faces arouse more intense positive emotions in participants than do unattractive faces, and they also represent reproductive fitness and mating value from the evolutionary perspective.

With the development of geographic information science, GIS (geographic information system) has been used in many industries. In the field of geology and mineral resources, the previous basic GIS overlay, buffer, interpolation, and other applications, the main research work is learning how to build a geodatabase. Currently, we have established a framework that, according to the mineral resource base spatial database created, can explore the economic value of the mineral resources under the influence of multi-object database with the value of the hidden information. It can strengthen database of data processing functions, and the management system should built a simple calculation model and algorithm analysis, to provide a richer scientific basis for assessing the economic value of the mineral resources.

While China's economic progress and social transformation demand an urgent refurbishment of its social welfare system, after a decade of development community centers have gradually become the major infrastructure of service delivery in urban China. In this article, the authors examine the social and historical context of the development of community services in urban China, and then focus on the community center as an emerging force in a society undergoing considerable change. A study of community centers in Jinan, a large city in eastern China, is reported, which reveals major difficulties that hinder the development of these centers as the principal hubs of community life. The authors outline the possible future directions of community service in China and, in particular, consider the role of community centers in the new social welfare sector of this nation.

Consider the deep-seated influence of organizational factors on individual safety behavior, by combining the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) and fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM), this paper proposed a method for individual safety behavior analysis based on intuitionistic fuzzy cognitive maps (IFCM). Firstly, a framework of individual safety behavior analysis under organizational situation was built, and determined the interrelation between organizational factors and individual safety behavior. Secondly, an IFCM model based on intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging operator (IFOWA) and FCM was established, and the reasoning steps of IFCM was also proposed. Finally, established the model for individual safety behavior analysis based on IFCM, and the mechanism of organizational factors affecting on individual cognitive behavior, decision-making behavior and execution behavior was analyzed.

A novel 96-well liquid-liquid microextraction system combined with modern HPLC was developed and used for the simultaneous analysis of 96 biological samples. The system made use of hollow fibers, a 96-well plate, and a plastic base with a center hole and a side hole. One end of the hollow fiber was sealed, while the other end was attached to one of the holes positioned at the center for the plastic base. The needle was inserted into the liquid from inside or outside of the hollow fiber through the center or the side holes, respectively. The system was tested with plasma samples containing three compounds, acidic indomethacin, neutral dexamethasone, and basic propafenone. Some parameters, such as the kind and dimension of hollow fiber, pH and salt concentration of the donor phase, the selection of organic solvent for the acceptor phase, and the extraction time were investigated. Under the optimization conditions, the Log D and drug concentration of indomethacin, dexamethasone, and propafenone in plasma and urine samples were analyzed. Then, the methodology was validated. The results demonstrated that ng/mL levels could be exactly and rapidly analyzed by our system, which was equipped with an auto-injection sampler, making sample analysis more convenient.

A method was developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in toys and food contact materials. The BPA was extracted with Soxhlet extraction method from the sample and reacted with acetic anhydride. The final product was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To achieve the optimum derivatization performance, the derivatization time and dosage of derivatization reagent etc. were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the final product was stable and the peak shape was good. The linearity of the derivative was good in the range of 0.05 to 50 mg/L with the correlation coefficient (r2) above 0.999. The recoveries ranged from 80% to 93% at the spiked levels of 0.05, 1.00, 10.00 mg/kg with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 3.7%. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 10 microg/kg. The method is accurate and has high recovery. The method is suitable for the inspection of bisphenol A in toys and food contact materials.

In this paper, we focus on the qualitative analysis of a parabolic–elliptic attraction–repulsion chemotaxis model with logistic source. Applying a fixed point argument, [Formula: see text]-estimate technique and Moser’s iteration, we derive that the model admits a unique global solution provided the initial cell mass satisfying [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] While for [Formula: see text], there are no restrictions on the initial cell mass and the result still holds.

The physiological and ecological responses of Ulmus elongata to different concentrations of nano-anatase TiO2 solutions were investigated in this study and we found that with foliar application of 0.1% (T1), 0.2% (T2) and 0.4% (T3) nano-anatase TiO2 solution the net photosynthetic rate of U. elongata seedlings were lower, comparing with the control (CK) (no spraying). TiO2 solution had no effect on the carbon isotope values (δ(13)C), indicating the lower photosynthetic capacity was not caused by stomatal limitation. The nitrogen isotope values (δ(15)N) decreased, but the foliar metal elements, such as Mg, K and Mn contents were not affected by nano-anatase TiO2 which promoted the Cu uptake. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the nano-anatase TiO2 enhanced the absorbance of U. elongata leaves, especially for 1064, 1638, 2926 and 3386 cm(-1) bands, indicating the synthesis of carbohydrate and lipid compounds was a kind of mechanism under the toxic effects of nanonanoparticles.

In this paper, a delayed discrete ratio-dependent predator–prey model with n − 1 competing preys and one predator and Holling-type II functional response is investigated. A set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions which guarantee the permanence of the system are obtained. Our results show that the delays in the system are harmless for the permanence of the system.

HTTP agreement is stateless and we often agree that Web Services are stateless entities, but the state is very important for us, the problem how to realize the orderly Web Services need to be solved in time. WFRS (Web Services Resource Framework) give us a way to solve this problem. WSRF (Web Services Resource Framework) is the specification which is describes the relationship between the "state" resource and the Web Services. It is the integration of grid technology with Web Services. In this paper, with the study of the implemented principle we introduced the way of modeling using Web Services Resource. As an example, we explored WSRF.net as the basic platform of the Web Services and realized the process of WSRF implementation. The Web Service registering, publishing, inquiring and using were implemented on this platform. A new method of implement of Web Services was provided by our WSRF-based and Grid-supported platform in this paper.

As the combination point of the network technology and GIS technology, WebGIS has got the fast development in recent years. With the restriction of Web and the characteristics of GIS, traditional WebGIS has some prominent problems existing in development. For example, it can't accomplish the interoperability of heterogeneous spatial databases; it can't accomplish the data access of cross-platform. With the appearance of Web Service and Grid technology, there appeared great change in field of WebGIS. Web Service provided an interface which can give information of different site the ability of data sharing and inter communication. The goal of Grid technology was to make the internet to a large and super computer, with this computer we can efficiently implement the overall sharing of computing resources, storage resource, data resource, information resource, knowledge resources and experts resources. But to WebGIS, we only implement the physically connection of data and information and these is far from the enough. Because of the different understanding of the world, following different professional regulations, different policies and different habits, the experts in different field will get different end when they observed the same geographic phenomenon and the semantic heterogeneity produced. Since these there are large differences to the same concept in different field. If we use the WebGIS without considering of the semantic heterogeneity, we will answer the questions users proposed wrongly or we can't answer the questions users proposed. To solve this problem, this paper put forward and experienced an effective method of combing semantic grid and Web Services technology to develop WebGIS. In this paper, we studied the method to construct ontology and the method to combine Grid technology and Web Services and with the detailed analysis of computing characteristics and application model in the distribution of data, we designed the WebGIS query system driven by ontology based on Grid technology and Web Services.

Rong-jiang Wang, Jian-er Tang, Yu Chen, Jian-guo GaoDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Teachers College, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China Background: The relationships between dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and prostate cancer risk are unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate these associations.Methods: Relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed database and EMBASE database up to April 2015. A random effects model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: Twenty-seven epidemiological studies (18 case–control studies and nine cohort studies) were included in the final analysis. The pooled RRs of prostate cancer were 0.94 (95% CI 0.85–1.05, P=0.285), 1.13 (95% CI 0.98–1.30, P=0.095), 0.96 (95% CI 0.81–1.14, P=0.672), 1.06 (95% CI 0.96–1.18, P=0.254), and 1.04 (95% CI 0.91–1.18, P=0.590) for dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, GI, and GL, respectively. There was no evidence of significant publication bias based on the Begg’s test and Egger’s test.Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that, based on available information, dietary fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, GI, and GL are not associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Keywords: prostate cancer, fiber, whole grains, carbohydrate, glycemic index, glycemicload

A method was developed for the determination of anions and cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+,Cl-, Br-, NO2- , NO3- and SO4(2-)) in cosmetics by using ion chromatography with conductometric detection. The eluent for determining anions was 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (2.0 mmol/L) with 1.0 mL/min flow rate on anion exchange column (ICS-C25), while that for cations was o-phthalic acid (2.5 mmol/L) and trihydroxyaminomethane (2.4 mmol/L ) with 0.6 mL/min flow rate on cation exchange column (Shim-pack IC-Al). The ions had good linear relations in wide range, and the recoveries were from 93% to 102%.

A highly sensitive method using ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q/Trap MS) was developed to simultaneously screen and confirm nine beta-blockers (BBs) in porcine tissues (porcine muscle, liver and kidney). The method was used for trace determination of atenolol, pindolol, acebutolol, metoprolol, carazolol, labetalol, bisoprolol, propranolol and penbutolol. The homogenized tissues were hydrolyzed by beta-glucuronidase/aryl sulfatase and extracted with acetonitrile, followed by continuous purification procedures of disperse solid phase extraction (d-SPE) with diatomaceous earth and BondElut cartridge. The ultra-fast chromatographic separation was conducted on a Kinetex C18-XB column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 2.6 microm) using 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phases in gradient elution. The optimized ion transitions were mployed in the mixed-mode of scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) -information dependent acquisition (IDA)-enhanced product ion (EPI) scan. Qualification analysis was performed through spectra-matching with on-line lab-built MS/MS library. For quantification stable isotope-labelled analogues of the analytes were used as internal standards. As a result, in porcine liver, kidney and muscle, the nine BBs showed good linearity with all the correlation coefficients (r) more than 0.995 in the range of 0.1-20 microg/L. The limits of quantification (LOQ, S/N > or = 10) were 0.5 kg/kg for all the analytes. The developed method gave average recoveries of 87.5%-111.8% spiked at 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 microg/kg with the relative standard deviations of 4.0%-12. 5%. The proposed method can be used to screen and confirm the nine BBs in a single run, which makes it effective in surveillance and detection of the BBs residues in porcine tissues.

Riboflavin, suggested to be a radiosensitizer, was studied in murine thymocytes and human hepatoma L02 cell line in vitro with MTT method and fluorescence microscopy. When the murine thymocytes treated with 5-400 mumol/L riboflavin were irradiated by 5 Gy (60)Co gamma ionizing radiation, the low concentration groups, i.e. treated with 5-50 mumol/L riboflavin, showed a different surviving fractions-time relating correlation compared with the high concentration groups, i.e. treated with 100-400 mumol/L riboflavin. The former had a high survival level at the end of irradiation, but which, after 4-h incubation, decreased rapidly to a low level. On the contrary, the high concentration groups showed a low survival level at the end of irradiation, and a poor correlation was found between the surviving fraction and the incubation time, after 4 h a little difference was observed. The results of fluorescence microscopy indicated that under low concentration conditions, the riboflavin localized mainly in nucleus (both perinuclear area and inside of nuclear membrane), while under high concentration conditions, intensive riboflavin also localized around cytoplasmic membranes. Thus we can conclude: the riboflavin had radiosensitivity effect on DNA under low concentration conditions, and enhanced the damage to cytoplasmic membrane under high concentration conditions. Also the most effective concentration of riboflavin can be evaluated to be approximate 100 mumol/L.