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The purpose of this research is twofold: (1) to examine the impact of gamification on user experiences, customer engagement, and purchase intentions in the financial industry and (2) to examine how immediate rewards vs. delayed rewards prompt different consumer behaviors in Pakistan's mobile banking (m‐banking) industry. The data for study 1 was collected from 340 m‐banking customers using a structured, survey‐based questionnaire, while study 2 collected data from 161 customers using an experimental‐based study. The structural equation modeling results show that gamification elements are positively related to user experiences and customer engagement, and customer engagement mediates the relationship between gamification and purchase intentions. Moreover, the results of the experimental‐based study show that immediate rewards more strongly influence user experiences, customer engagement, and purchase intentions. For theoretical implications, this study extends the scant literature on gamification in the m‐banking industry. For managerial implications, this research highlights the essential elements of gamification to increase customer engagement and purchase intentions in the m‐banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the sero-epidemiology of bluetongue in ruminants in North-Western Pakistan. A total of 3,173 serum samples were collected from small (n = 1,651) and large (n = 1,522) ruminants being reared by farmers in 14 districts. Antibodies to bluetongue virus (BTV) were detected using competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence of BTV antibodies was 65%. A significant association (P < 0.05) between the prevalence of BTV antibodies and the risk factors including sex, species, age, area, husbandry practices and breed was shown by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the seroprevalence was 6.5 (95% CL = 3.7–11.4), 5.9 (95% CL = 3.8–9.4) and 2.4 (95% CL = 1.5–3.7) times higher in buffaloes, cattle and goats than sheep, respectively. The seroprevalence was 1.4 (95% CL = 1.1–1.7) times higher in local breeds than in cross/exotic breeds. The seroprevalence was 1.6 (95% CL = 1.1 to 2.3) times higher in sedentary animals than in nomadic animals. The seroprevalence was significantly associated with age. Further work is required to determine the BTV serotypes prevalent in the study area for effective control of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to conduct a study of the opportunities and challenges of cooperatives in the industrial era 4.0 by strengthening the role of human resource management in facing changes in the market environment facing competition war 4.0 in the Indonesian economy in 2045 which causes changes in all aspects of digitalization that occur in cooperative organizations. The changes that occur also require business intelligence in evaluating high-tech advances in the exchange of knowledge related to design and innovation and information obtained from supplier and customer behavior which will be continuously communicated in industry 4.0. The research method in this study is a troubling method which examines cause and effect relationships in depth, listening to input from various parties and finding appropriate solution ideas through studying narratives expressed qualitatively. The results of this research found that cooperative development in Indonesia still needs to be improved to become stronger in planning and financing. This development will be the basis for the Indonesian economy to achieve the goal of an economy based on mutual cooperation in 1945. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological indices are numerical numbers associated to molecular graphs and are invariant of a graph. In QSAR/QSPR study, Zagreb indices are used to explain the different properties of chemical compounds at the molecular level mathematically. They have been studied extensively due to their ease of calculation and numerous applications in place of the existing chemical methods which needed more time and increased the costs. In this paper, we compute precise values of new versions of Zagreb indices for two classes of dendrimers.

Nanosheets are two-dimensional polymeric materials, which are among the most active areas of investigation of chemistry and physics. Many diverse physicochemical properties of compounds are closely related to their underlying molecular topological descriptors. Thus, topological indices are fascinating beginning points to any statistical approach for attaining quantitative structure–activity (QSAR) and quantitative structure–property (QSPR) relationship studies. Irregularity measures are generally used for quantitative characterization of the topological structure of non-regular graphs. In various applications and problems in material engineering and chemistry, it is valuable to be well-informed of the irregularity of a molecular structure. Furthermore, the estimation of the irregularity of graphs is helpful for not only QSAR/QSPR studies but also different physical and chemical properties, including boiling and melting points, enthalpy of vaporization, entropy, toxicity, and resistance. In this article, we compute the irregularity measures of graphene nanosheet, H-naphtalenic nanosheet, SiO2{\text{SiO}}_{2} nanosheet, and the nanosheet covered by C3{C}_{3} and C6{C}_{6}.

Let k be a positive integer. We compute depth and Stanley depth of the quotient ring of the edge ideal associated to the kth power of a path on n vertices. We show that both depth and Stanley depth have the same values and can be given in terms of k and n. If n≣0, k + 1, k + 2, . . . , 2k(mod(2k + 1)), then we give values of depth and Stanley depth of the quotient ring of the edge ideal associated to the kth power of a cycle on n vertices and tight bounds otherwise, in terms of n and k. We also compute lower bounds for the Stanley depth of the edge ideals associated to the kth power of a path and a cycle and prove a conjecture of Herzog for these ideals.

عندما تغير العقل الاستراتيجي الذي يدير سياسات الهند الداخلية والخارجية وتحول من العقل النهروي العلماني اليساري التحرري المعادي للهيمنة الغربية الامبريالية الى عقل ديني هندوسي متشدد معادي للحركة الاسلامية في جنوب آسيا وغربها تغير العدو والصديق في هذا العقل وأصبحت اسرائيل صديقا مقربا للهند بعد كانت عدوا لها, وحليفا لأعدائها الذين استعمروها قرونا طويلة

This study aimed to explore the rumen bacterial community of yak in response to dietary supplements during the cold season. In addition, the rumen fermentation products were also analyzed. Twenty-one female domestic yaks were randomly divided into three groups i.e., pure grazing (GG) group, grazing plus oats hay supplement (OG) group, and grazing plus concentrate supplement group (CG). Rumen contents were collected after 90 days to assess rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community. The GC group presented higher concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (P < 0.001), and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) (P < 0.001), and lower rumen pH (P < 0.001) compared to other experimental groups. The CG group displayed higher proportions of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and isovalerate while lower A/P ratio compared to other experimental groups. Shannon, Chao1, and ACE values were significantly lower in the OG group compared to GG and CG groups. Anosim test showed significant differences in bacterial community structure between groups but the PCA plot was not very informative to see these differences. Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the three dominant phyla in all groups. The genera Oscillospira was more abundant in GG and OG groups. Higher relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Clostridium was observed in the GG group, while Ruminobacter, Corynebacterium, and Selenomonas were more abundant in the CG group. These findings will help in improving our understanding of rumen bacteria in yaks in response to changes in diet.

Saffron, the "golden spice" derived from Crocus sativus L., is renowned for its richness in secondary metabolites such as crocin and safranal, contributing to its unique properties. Facing challenges like decreasing global production, optimizing cultivation techniques becomes imperative for enhanced yields. Although the impact of factors like planting density, planting depth, spacing, and corm size on saffron growth has been studied, the interaction between corm size and planting depth remains underexplored. This study systematically investigates the interactive effects of corm size and planting depth on saffron growth and yield, providing evidence-based guidelines for optimizing cultivation. A factorial experiment, employing a completely randomized design, was conducted to assess the influence of corm size (05-10g, 10.1-15g, 15.1-20g) and planting depth (10cm, 15cm, 20cm) on saffron yield. Uniform-sized corms were obtained, and a suitable soil mixture was prepared for cultivation. Morphological and agronomic parameters were measured, and statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. The study revealed that planting depth significantly affected saffron emergence. The corms sown under 15cm depth showed 100% emergence regardless of corm size (either 05-10g, 10.1-15g, 15.1-20g) followed by 10cm depth corms. Corm dry weight exhibited a complex interaction, where larger corms benefited from deeper planting, while intermediate-sized corms thrived at shallower depths. Similar patterns were observed in shoot fresh weight and dry weight. Specifically, the largest corm size (t3, 15.1-20g) produced the greatest fresh-weight biomass at the deepest planting depth of 20cm (T3), while intermediate-sized corms (t2, 10.1-15g) were superior at the shallowest 10cm depth (T1). The total plant biomass demonstrated that larger corms excelled in deeper planting, while intermediate-sized corms were optimal at moderate depths. This research highlights the intricate interplay between corm size and planting depth in influencing saffron growth. Larger corms generally promote higher biomass, but the interaction with planting depth is crucial. Understanding these dynamics can aid farmers in tailoring cultivation practices for optimal saffron yields. The study emphasizes the need for a coordinated approach to corm selection and depth placement, providing valuable insights for sustainable saffron production and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]