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The influence of algorithms on society is increasing due to their growing presence in all areas of daily life. Although we are not always aware of it, they sometimes usurp the identity of other social actors. The main purpose of this article is to address the meta-research on the field of artificial intelligence and communication from a holistic perspective that allows us to analyze the state of academic research, as well as the possible effects on these areas and on the democratic system. To this end, we carried out a systematized review of recent literature using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The subject analyzed is changing and novel: it includes the impact and interaction of algorithms, bots, automated processes, and artificial intelligence mechanisms in journalism and communication, as well as their effects on democracy. The results show expanding scientific production, mostly in English, based on theoretical discussion or focused on the perception of communication professionals. The object of study is centered mostly on journalism and democracy, and to a lesser degree on ethics or education. Studies indicate great interest in the effects of the use of algorithms on journalism and democracy, but the answers are still uncertain and the challenges for the coming years are significant.

Educational equity is understood as the recognition of a school system to ensure resources to safeguard that all students have equitable access, opportunity, and outcomes (Galloway & Ishimaru, 2015). Yet inequity persists in the American educational system. School accountability remains at the forefront of education policy to ensure equitable achievement between students from all backgrounds regardless of race, ethnicity, family income, linguistic background, and ability (Krejsler, 2018; Skrla, 2001). This article reflects a qualitative approach to understanding public school superintendent voices regarding experiences, feelings, and beliefs related to our ongoing era of accountability in a changing social environment. This study examines the results of interviews of 13 public school superintendents in a large metropolitan area and identifies emergent themes in superintendent thinking as it revolves around school accountability. These themes are couched in larger discussion of educational equity.

The revision of Te Whariki, the New Zealand Early Childhood Curriculum Framework, in 2017 offered a unique opportunity to gain understanding of the ways teachers in Aotearoa New Zealand think about and enact curriculum in their daily practice. As researchers we were intrigued as to the ways teachers conceptualised the role of curriculum in practice and whether the revised curriculum would generate changes in curriculum implementation. We undertook a research project to capture data about teachers' engagement with, and use of, the curriculum framework, as well as their beliefs about curriculum in the context of early childhood education (ECE). Data collection was designed to focus on two points in time: in 2017 prior to the launch of the revision, with plans to repeat collection after several years with the revised curriculum in effect. Findings reported here draw on interviews conducted with teachers working with Te Whariki (Ministry of Education, 1996) before the revised framework was released. The findings revealed a range of understandings about the meaning of curriculum and the role of curriculum in guiding teachers' enacted practice. Implications for supporting ongoing efforts of enactment and implementation of ECE curriculum are discussed.

The paradigm on which a methodological approach is developed determines the situations in which its application will be most appropriate. The quantitative approach implies a positivist paradigm, the basis of which is cause-and-effect relationships, as well as the questioning and verifying of existing theories. Positivism aims to prove that phenomena from the field of social sciences and humanities are equally subject to measurement as natural phenomena. That assumption is also the epicenter of criticism directed at positivism, from which, in addition to its strengths, post-positivism developed, characterized by more flexible views on absolute objectivity. The aim of this paper is focused on the analysis of the basis of the quantitative approach, the possibilities and limitations of the positivist paradigm and the post-positivist paradigm that overcomes the limitations of positivism. The tasks are as follows: 1. Define the concept of paradigm and its role in pedagogical research, 2. Determine the connection between the positivist and post-positivist paradigms and the quantitative approach, 3. Analyze the strengths and limitations of positivism and post-positivism and the possibilities of overcoming its weaknesses. The authors applied the theoretical method with content analysis and accepted the facts and ideas of positivism as the primary paradigm for researching educational reality. They state that post-positivism is intuitive and holistic, flexible in research, while positivism is based on solid facts that are objective and do not depend on subjective interpretation.

While the conversation in honors about the mental health of students has persisted for over two decades, authors identify a marked increase in the need for student mental health support since the first Generation Z students entered college in 2015. A review of literature in honors indicates upticks in discourse relating to mental health (tn = 66) since 2004, and content analysis shows peaks in publication for 2018 and 2021 (n [not equal to] 11, respectively). This study describes a peer coaching program that focuses on the holistic wellness and support of honors students. Authors observe a decrease in Behavioral Intervention Team meetings and suicide attempts since the program's inception in 2015. Programmatic details, including application and selection, training, expectations of peer coaches, assessment, and improvement initiatives are included so that similar programs can be implemented in and beyond honors.

We, six elementary mathematics teacher educators (MTEs), noticed that many of our elementary pre-service teachers (EPSTs) were limited by their views of mathematics, typically as the result of their prior experiences with learning mathematics. Much of the research around such limiting views focuses primarily on negative experiences or treats such views as associated with individual factors (e.g., self-efficacy, mathematics anxiety, and views about problem solving). Using a (re)humanizing mathematics perspective, we sought to identify these limiting views of mathematics in a more holistic approach, considering the complexity of views that EPSTs hold. In this article, we introduce a framework, developed through collaborative self-study methodology, to give shared language to the types of "mathematical wounds" EPSTs may have. Utilizing this framework, MTEs can support EPSTs' mathematical healing by enacting intentional instructional practices. We provide three general approaches to frame these intentional practices as well as reflection questions to support other MTEs in reconsidering their own courses and how they may take EPSTs' mathematical wounds and healing into account.

International student mobility (ISM) has received much attention in the literature on international migration. However, most of the studies assume that investment in skills and knowledge by international students is guided by economic motivations only. Importantly, with an increase in the proportion of international student mobility in total mobility, students' motivations have become more complex. Different theoretical approaches across disciplines have been logically extended to study the mobility motivations of international students. Most of the existing approaches do not emphasize the noneconomic aspects of motivation and thus do not provide a holistic understanding of ISM. This paper proposes an augmented human capital framework that incorporates the noneconomic motivations of international students through the inclusion of psychic gains and the acquired stocks of personal and social capital.

The main purpose of this report is to provide a brief yet holistic view of the concept of Resilience. In the following pages the basic aspects of this term are going to be examined so that not only the significance of Resilience in our everyday lives, but also the factors that affect someone's ability to bounce back and keep making progress in many aspects of life can be understood despite the adversities that may interfere. The above mentioned are widely known as protective and risk factors depending on the way they affect somebody's life. Another aspect that is going to be briefly analyzed is the role of school and teacher in students' resilience- how this role can help students maintain their psychosocial and learning progress.

This study compared Korean adult learners' English speech in dialogic and monologic tasks, measuring 57 college students' oral proficiency in terms of holistic and analytic grades. The statistical analyses were focused on two questions: (1) how much do the holistic grades of oral proficiency and analytic grades of the four linguistic features function differently across the tasks? and (2) which linguistic feature has the strongest correlation with the holistic grades of English oral proficiency? The study found significant differences between the two tasks in five aspects (English oral proficiency, topic development, fluency, range, and accuracy). It also showed that a monologic task resulted in lower achievements in those five aspects. In the comparison of the correlations with English proficiency, the range reached the top in both tasks, followed by topic development. The study provides some helpful information regarding which types of speech tasks and linguistic features of EFL oral proficiency are more desirable for targeting in teaching and assessment.

The preschool period must be the starting point for the same attitude among all education stakeholders to achieve sustainable improvement and permanent change. Undoubtedly, a supportive classroom environment with a bond and an emotion-oriented approach contributes to children's intellectual and personal development. Emotion coaching is a relational behavior management approach that enables people/children to realize the emotions they are experiencing. The whole school approach facilitates the development of a common language between stakeholders. There is a need for studies that address emotion coaching and the whole approach together in early childhood. This study examined stakeholders' perspectives on implementing the Emotion-Friendly Kindergarten Transformation Program (EFKTP), an emotion coaching program based on a whole school approach. Based on the case study method, the study consists of 34 individuals, including all stakeholders. The data were collected through focus group interviews and semistructured interviews with stakeholders regarding the eight stages of the EFKTP program. Descriptive and content analysis methods were used to evaluate the program's overall impact. The results suggest that school applications of the program enhance children's emotional repertoire and behavioral control, home activities enhance communication and relationships between children and their families, and emotion coaching training to stakeholders improves self-efficacy perceptions among teachers and parents.

Looking back and learning from Indigenous knowledges in education holds the key to supporting change in educational spaces today to be more inclusive and wholistic. Indigenous practices, passed down from generation to generation, hold important knowledge that can be used in classroom teaching. My hope is that by using this Indigenous lens of education, a path for change will be created in the current colonial education system. In this paper, I examine how I view classroom teaching through my own Indigenous worldview and with the support of those Indigenous scholars that have been doing this work for many years before me. I highlight the ways in which Indigenous knowledge systems support education and learning in today's classrooms. [Articles in this journal were presented at the University of Calgary Conference on Postsecondary Learning and Teaching.]

In terms of ethics, the study deals with the hidden curriculum in terms of teaching programs. The aim of the study is to reveal the context in which the practices related to the teaching of values in the curriculum put into practice are handled. The phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Five different focus group interviews were conducted with forty-one participating teachers from various disciplines working in secondary education institutions in order to reveal the teachers' understanding of the treatment of concepts related to ethical values in their curriculum. Semistructured interview form was used in the interviews. The characteristics of the environment in which the individual performs his / her behaviors and how these characteristics affect his / her behavior have been examined with a holistic approach and the results of the research have been interpreted within the scope of this approach. These themes are divided into 29 categories and shown within a model. The most obvious ethical values that the school should be built on are justice and events that can be designed in accordance with the school ethical values, and the appropriate categorical are the activities for their views with their teachers and the appropriate resource categories are their behavior at school and in class, curriculum and times, teacher as a role model, social structure, environmental Impact as a social structure. Ensuring that the legal difficulties in front of teachers to use different course materials and contents in lesson activities are overcome will support the functioning of the hidden curriculum and pave the way for new and different learning.

In this article we present an evidence-based framework of five interacting areas of teacher insight into educational success. This holistic framework comprises: (i) cognitive skills and capabilities, (ii) cross-curricular knowledge, skills and understanding, (iii) subject domain knowledge, (iv) teaching and learning environment, and (v) personal attributes. We argue that learner performance is highly integrated and researchers seek to understand it by disaggregating it. While this can be done in different ways, our framework is a useful organising instrument. Teachers can use it to combine numerical data from baseline and formative assessments with insights from observations, professional judgements, and discussions with learners, to structure actionable learner profiles and identify complementary teaching strategies.

Climate education is becoming a key educational issue of our time. This also brings with it increased demands for educational research in this area. One important question is how climate attitudes are constructed to support students' willingness to act towards climate change. In this paper, we explore how participatory, holistic and community-based learning approaches influence the construction of climate attitudes in school students from the Czech Republic, Portugal, and the UK (n=473; M=13.49 years). Students' perceptions of different educational strategies were nearly the same across countries. Girls perceive holistic, values-based teaching more strongly. Of the strategies studied, holistic education has the greatest influence on the formation of climate attitudes ([beta]=0.34 for climate change beliefs, [beta]=0.32 for climate change intentions), and community-based teaching has a partial influence ([beta]=0.13 for climate change intentions). It is thus the use of holistic and community-based educational approaches that is key to the successful implementation of climate education.

The COVID-19 outbreak urged the educational institutions to adopt alternative methods of teaching and learning for the continuity and maintenance of quality education. In India, the pandemic had a major impact on higher education (HE) and it convinced educational institutions to adopt E-learning who earlier were not willing to adopt it. It made the system realize and accept new methods and approaches of teaching-learning like flipped classroom, blended approach of learning etc. The current study provides an overview of the role of E-learning by highlighting the various digital initiatives taken by Government of India especially during and after the pandemic.

Anxiety has a significant effect on oral communication, particularly when it occurs in the form of a public address. The quality of a public academic speaker's oral presentation may highly be determined by a variety of emotive elements. However, this has received much too little attention in the realm of academic dissertation oral defense presentations, despite the fact that this process may be incredibly nerve-wracking for both novice and experienced postgraduates, EFL learners in particular. In the current study, 68 Chinese EFL Ph.D. candidates consented to complete a revamped version of the Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA). Chinese EFL postgraduates reported an average high level of public speaking anxiety (X=4.34) during their doctoral dissertation defense presentations, as measured by three categorical variables: public speaking apprehension (X=4.40), self-behavior management (X=4.35), and fear of negative evaluation (X=4.26). Throughout Ph.D. candidate participants' dissertation defense, fifteen anxiety-related questionnaire items were recognized to be the most anxiety-provoking conditions in terms of public speaking anxiety. In addition, differences in gender and graduate study specialization were not significantly associated with Chinese EFL Ph.D. candidates' experiences with public speaking anxiety. Despite the findings, research has revealed that Ph.D. candidates in English as a Foreign Language from China exhibit statistically significant levels of anxiety related to public speaking, and as a result, pedagogical recommendations have been proposed.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) merges the physical, digital, and biological spheres, reshaping societies and individuals worldwide in unprecedented ways. With the fast-moving globalization and rapid rate of technological development of the 4IR, the world is also facing unprecedented social, economic, and environmental challenges. As the 4IR continues to reshape industries across the globe, there is an increasing need for educational systems to adapt and equip students with the necessary skills to thrive in this rapidly evolving landscape. With its diverse socio-economic context and pressing environmental concerns, a specific emphasis on design education is required to develop a skilled workforce capable of driving sustainability in the 4IR. Given the needs of the 4IR, students need to possess a set of skills that are highly sought after. These skills, commonly known as the "4Cs," encompass communication, creativity, critical thinking, and collaboration. Design education plays a substantial role in preparing students for the demands of the 4IR, as it cultivates a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to problem solving, innovation, and sustainable development. This paper explores the place of design education in nurturing the 4Cs skill sets for achieving 4IR sustainability, focusing on how design education can address the unique challenges and opportunities faced in the 4IR era.

This study seeks to share teachers' and principals' voices from middle schools in the Southeastern United States who are attempting to help their students achieve academic success. Obtaining a snapshot of middle schools in the Southeastern United States provides opportunities to recognize trends and identify challenges about the current implementation of middle level programs and practices related to academics. The last large-scale survey was completed over 10 years ago (McEwin & Greene, 2010, 2011) and was focused on principal voices only. When attempting to assess the level of implementation of various school improvement efforts or to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced daily in the classroom, the voices of teachers and principals are powerful voices that must be heard. Among other results, educators called for more meaningful collaboration among elementary and middle schools to address gaps in content and skills, and a better focus on educating the whole child in their schools. Implications and future directions are discussed.

Intercultural competence (IC) has shown to be a critical asset for university graduates to appropriately and effectively perform in work- related settings that have become increasingly more diverse and intercultural. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand what constitutes effective IC development in higher education (HE). Within IC development, a more holistic understanding of IC assessment is needed. Thus, it is essential to comprehend how IC assessments work effectively, and their role in IC development. By reviewing empirical studies on IC development between 2000 and 2022, the particularities of IC assessments concerning administration, methods, and assessed competencies have been examined. Based on 31 papers, this literature review reveals the inconsistency of IC assessments in HE and proposes a holistic approach to IC assessments to bring more clarity to research and practice.

Person-centered approaches to measurement are needed to more fully reach the goals of person-centered practice. Keyform maps, derived from Rasch analysis and principles of person-centered measurement, are thought to be an important tool for translating person-centered measurement into clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of keyform map use in a variety of learning activities embedded across multiple courses in an entry-level occupational therapy curriculum. This paper includes a description of 3 keyform map learning activities and corresponding results. The effects of keyform maps as a signature instructional strategy within entry-level occupational therapy education and implications for future studies are also discussed.

This article suggests to reflect on the philosophical foundations of Open Education. It reaches out to Bergson's and Popper's respective understandings of Open Society; ontology of immanence, not-yetness; and post-inquiry. It invites to revisit "ethos," "eidos" and "praxis" in Open Education to move away from a prevailing Western, dominant, unsustainable paradigm and explore a holistic approach, the inclusion of indigenous knowledge systems, the shift from an overall domesticating to a liberating education, and the making visible of what has been made invisible. This discussion precedes the presentation of a roadmap drafted for Open Education in the Swiss Higher Education landscape, explaining why it has been deliberately prepared at the epistemic level and how relevant this is in relation to the sustainability process, providing a horizon for the first of three steps -- survival, security, sustainability.

Florida State University (FSU) has a long-standing commitment to promoting success for all students. FSU's strategies for student success and equity have resulted in increased and more equitable graduation rates and record fall-to-fall retention rates. This article provides an inventory of student success and equity initiatives at FSU. The inventory covers FSU's holistic practices designed to support students of all backgrounds, including targeted practices for students from historically underrepresented groups. The article also highlights and describes in detail salient student success programs and practices at FSU. This article aims to serve as a guide for those in higher education who seek to understand and learn from FSU's systematic efforts to promote and sustain student success and narrow success gaps. It also offers a profile of how to effectively implement a comprehensive and interconnected network of student success initiatives that respond to the critical needs of students and deliver impactful results.

This article considers the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in light of current educational inequities and the impact of the pandemic. The reauthorization presents an opportunity to center equity and justice and revitalize the civil rights aspects of the law. The authors review recent studies about the myriad ways the COVID-19 pandemic affected students, teachers and school systems and situates the reauthorization within the broader political context, including federal aid to states and districts during the pandemic. The authors present overarching policy recommendations: (1) a restructuring of the law's titles to focus on students, teachers, and systems (i.e. schools and districts); (2) a focus on the principles of racial equity, an ecosystem approach to serve students' needs across policy silos (i.e., housing and health), and a focus on research evidence; (3) policy targets for students; (4) policy targets for educators, including professional renewal and retention; (5) policy targets for the education system as a whole, including a focus on fiscal equity and facilitating regional approaches to cross-sector collaborations. The article presents a coherent conceptual framework for a redesign of ESEA with an emphasis on equity, evidence use, and ecosystems that is argued would directly address the needs of students, teachers, and systems.

Holistic admissions practices require evaluating an applicant's credentials in light of the opportunities available in their high school context. High school grades, test scores, and course taking are clearly related to college grades, retention, and graduation. But does performance in high school context also relate to college success? Building a unique dataset of 2.3 million students in a Midwestern state, we find that contextualized indicators of high school grades and standardized tests are strongly associated with student success in college, validating their use in holistic admissions. Contextualized grades have a stronger and more consistent association with college success than contextualized test scores, and may be most helpful at test-optional, test-free, and broader-access colleges that have yet to adopt holistic admissions practices.

Following the ongoing forced migration from middle east to Türkiye, refugee students have been enrolled in public schools; however, numerous challenges have emerged as a result. This study aims to reveal the challenges school principals encounter in schools, their practices, and their recommendations. In this exploratory embedded single-case design study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 school principals from 17 schools, which varied by educational stage and school type. As a result, school principals face challenges in creating a positive school climate and experiencing challenges across all its sub-dimensions, including academic, community, safety, and institutional environments. The practices in schools are based on a holistic approach that addresses the social, emotional, learning, and economic needs of refugee students. Furthermore, the recommendations of school principals focus on addressing the social, emotional, and learning needs of students, as well as institutional improvements.

This qualitative inquiry documents the lessons gleaned from my journey toward the praxis of Indigenous Maternal Pedagogies, an Indigenous women-centred teaching and learning engagement, to offer insights for supporting Indigenous women in higher education. Specifically, this article offers an express vision for Indigenous women's educational access and success in higher education by sharing a collective research story offered by Indigenous women participants who completed one or more of three courses related to Indigenous women's literatures and Indigenous maternal theory. Each course was delivered through a decolonial feminist lens, comprised of Indigenous curricular content and engaged students in culturally relevant assessment. This work connects Maternal Pedagogies with Indigenous epistemologies that embrace the "whole student" within educational contexts to establish a teaching and learning environment that can speak to the hearts and minds of students. In the spirit of reconciliation, I position this environment as a safe space where students can be their whole authentic selves and where their realities and lived experiences are positioned as strengths and key assets to establishing an ethical space for cross-cultural and anti-racist dialogue. Collectively, the participant narratives offer four key lessons that are integral to reconciliation education more broadly, and I map these lessons as final recommendations that align with Kirkness and Barnhardt's timeless work on the "Four Rs" of respect, relevance, reciprocity, and responsibility.

In Australia, there is no one cohesive program design or curriculum which provides a framework for adult learning in Adult Community Education (ACE) organisations, with the two major states New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria leading the most developed systems. Many adult learners who learn in these education settings return to study to find pathways to employment, or to re-train for a new role after losing their job. In addition, later-life learners may attend because they want to remain healthy, participate in leisure activities, build friendships and remain active and engaged in their later years. Many of the learners are 'second chance learners' who have had prior negative experiences with the neoliberal system which assesses, ranks, and categorises learners according to their academic abilities. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework for the delivery of pre-accredited training in Australia, founded on social constructivist theory, learner-centred pedagogy, and course design enhanced by Nussbaum's Capability Framework. We commence the article by delivering a context for adult education policy and social justice education in the development of the ACE system. What we mean by a socially just education is one in which all people access a critical and democratic curriculum with equity and access to resources at its core. In this paper, we argue for the importance of adult learning, which is holistic, flexible, and nimble to cater for diverse learners and learning needs.

According to the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), schools designated with Recognized American School Counselor Model Programs (RAMP) demonstrate alignment with the ASCA National Model, widely recognized as the standard for comprehensive school counseling programs (CSCPs). Empirical investigations of the barriers to achieving the RAMP-designation have primarily focused on the intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the schools' counselors, with little attention to macro-systemic factors. Grounded in McMahon et al.'s (2014) ecological school counseling framework, we investigated whether macro-systemic characteristics including region, institution type, community setting, and program funding significantly and uniquely predict RAMP-designation above and beyond school counselors' inter- and intra-personal characteristics. Using a national sample (n = 1,641) of practicing school counselors, our results revealed that school region, institution type, and community setting significantly and uniquely predicted RAMP-designation. Implications for future research, advocacy, and policy for CSCPs and RAMP are discussed.

The ever-changing digital context, digital habits and pressures, demands and practices, often contribute to online learners experiencing burnout, stress, fatigue, sleep deprivation, cognitive overwhelm, and work-life imbalance, just to mention a few issues identified in literature. With the rise of online learning offerings, an increasing number of educators across diverse contexts and disciplines are faced with questions pertaining to the optimal experience and design for online learning. Current research has highlighted both positive and negative impacts of teaching and learning in the digital space. This online learning design debate has identified a need for practices that contribute to the holistic wellbeing of learners rather than merely cognitive outcomes. There is a need for an evidence-based pedagogical framework centred on wellbeing that enables the creation of learning "by design". This research, applying secondary data analysis and a mindfulness-informed lens, results in such a framework, i.e., the DW-FOLD: Digital Wellness Framework for Online Learning -- to guide intentional use of technology and online learning pedagogical principles that ensure active and meaningful learning while using technology for the good of all learners.

In the "Bilingual Literacy Development Model: A holistic way to support Spanish-speaking children" research study, I studied bilingual families over a 5-month period in their home environments through home visits. Drawing from data obtained through home visits, including interviews with mothers and observations of family literacy practices in the home environment, this study examines children's bilingual literacy development. The findings are presented in an adapted Bilingual Literacy Development Model I created. The model was adapted from the work of researchers Leseman and de Jong (1998), and Bronfenbrenner's ecological system (1977, 1995) where four facets were developed: literacy and language opportunities, constructional practices, literacy interactions, and socio-emotional quality of practices. Each of these facets are viewed from the lens of child, family, and society (the school or community) with specific activities identified that help to make a holistic bilingual child.

This study investigated similarities and differences in faculty's interpretation of authentic learning and how their interpretations were manifested into their design and implementation practices in competency-based, fully online courses. From a theoretical perspective, designing for authentic learning calls for a holistic approach, which considers various aspects, such as real-world relevance, personal meaningfulness, authentic assessment, disciplinary authenticity, and teacher authenticity. In terms of similarities across participants in this study, most faculty interpreted authentic learning as including "real-world" characteristics -- that is, authentic learning is a type of learning that is situated in real-world contexts and is relevant to learners' future careers. In terms of differences, only a few participants emphasized that authentic learning requires removing the dichotomy of a hierarchical classroom environment based on the principles of co-learning. The findings of this study also highlighted examples of authentic learning and challenges associated with implementing authentic learning in competency-based online courses. The study further provides implications for future research and practice.

The provision of support services has been found critical for meeting the needs of students and their families, but related research in predominantly low-income, African American/Black communities, is limited. Thus, through a case study we explored how a school, located in a low-income area with a predominantly African American/Black population, adopted and enacted support services. The setting was an urban high school with an enrollment of 700 students who are predominantly African American (98%) and 100% low-income. We conducted interviews with district, school, and community stakeholders; and we followed a thematic approach for the analysis. A major finding was that the adoption of support services built on the shared belief that the school should serve as a central place of support for students and the community. We identified two distinct strands of support services, one represented by in-school supports for students and the other designed to help families in the community. Further, we found an underlying philosophy of removing obstacles for students as a means to help them succeed in school. Regarding implications for practice, it is important to note the difficulty in replicating the efficacy of support services without culturally relevant leadership at the district and school level.