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To mark history, governments authorize the erecting of markers, signs on the landscape meant to inform. While historical markers have a long tradition for identifying places with significant events and people, there has been an expansion on what and how to mark places and their heritage. Signs capture the attention and provide information for those interested in learning about where they are at the moment. They are in-situ teaching tools, open to anyone able to interpret the heritage for broad audiences, and can encourage places for cosmopolitanism, canopies for people to learn about the past and each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coloniser and colonised were produced as subjectivities through power relations mediated through objects. The erection of public statues of 'great men' in prominent places in European and colonial cities was a political act with an ideological meaning. These survive within the curated space of the city long after the end of imperial domination. In the case of Barbados, for example, a statue to Lord Nelson was erected in the early nineteenth century in Bridgetown, decades before its London equivalent, as part of a planter politics of anti-anti-slavery. The statue of Cecil Rhodes in Oxford, together with the other commemorative plaques and statues placed in his honour, were similarly part of an Edwardian pro-imperial propaganda in Oxford. In these places, as elsewhere around the world, from Barcelona to Cape Town, public campaigns have demanded the removal or public remediation of these forms of rhetoric via monument. But opponents of the removal of Nelson and Rhodes from their privileged positions in Bridgetown and Oxford have argued that these statues were very old, and were therefore now part of a public culture which should be preserved without revision. To remove them would be to 'erase' history, in Mary Beard's phrase. But is leaving these objects as they are not also a kind of historical erasure, a silencing of the past in Michel Rolphe Trouillot's terms? For without a new mediation, what is lost from public memory and attention is that these objects were contested projects of minority ideologies and interests, both at their origins and today. Is the argument from 'heritage' not bound up with an odd contemporary imbalance of attention towards the needs of the present and future vs the legacies of the past, the retrogressive temporality of the neo-liberal moment? The point is not the destruction of 'the past', as if there was ever one monolithic uncontested past, but the renegotiation of which past the present holds up to its face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Egyptian presence in the Southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age is to be considered as rooted and capillary on the territory. Nevertheless, by excluding some written sources as the Letters of el-Amarna, it is practically impossible to evaluate local perceptions and representations of who populated the region during this period. In fact, Southern Levant presents an extreme lack of human depictions and iconographies, thus Egyptian direct witnesses become very useful to provide a vivid picture of society and its prominent historical protagonists. "Asiatics" depictions on reliefs, paintings and Egyptian artifacts, give us a quite punctual idea of who the Levantines were and what they wore during this period. The paper means to focus on the analysis of the personal ornaments by which "Asians" are identified and represented, as well as on the function of ethnic, cultural and identity markers these items represent in the depictions. An iconographic and stylistic analysis will try to show the association between images and objects through material culture findings in and extra context, though bearing in mind the asymmetric vision the Egyptians had in perceiving themselves and representing other people, sometimes far more distant than it appeared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evidence of African American cultural ingenuity can be found throughout history. This article chronicles the extraordinary story of Leroy Raadel Posey, an African American inventor of a mathematics teaching machine—the Combination Slide Board. Through a historical examination of primary source documents, the man behind the machine is revealed as a mathematics educator whose life's work focused on providing access to the mysteries behind mathematics. The patent details the purpose of the Combination Slide Board as a teaching machine and calculating device. An examination of Posey's research and publications exposes his innovations in the emerging field of mathematics education. This analysis reveals the journey of the man, machine, and mathematics (M³) and the creation of the Combination Slide Board as a twentieth-century teaching machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economists have used historical heights as markers of health, living standards, and long-run development. Although possible selection bias has been debated, height measurement error is less studied. I analyze novel administrative data of male Indian indentured laborers with repeated measurements of adult height to answer an important underlying question of precision. Laborers were measured by British colonial officials on departure in India and again several years later when opting to return to India. I find no height differences for men who had attained full height in India. Younger men continued to grow even into their twenties. A caste subgroup analysis finds mostly similar results. This paper provides some of the first evidence showing height consistency in repeated measurements of adult heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rats had increased corticosterone in their hairs within hours of an injection. • Hair corticosterone concentrations subsequently decreased rapidly with time. • These findings are at odds with the most widespread hypothesis. • An alternative hypothesis in line with experimental findings should be adopted. Hair glucocorticoids are increasingly popular biomarkers, used across numerous research fields, and studied species, as a measure of stress. Although they are suggested to be a proxy of the average HPA axis activity spanning a period of weeks or months into the past, this theory has never been tested. In the present study, adrenalectomized rats with no endogenous (adrenal) glucocorticoid production were used to study how circulating glucocorticoid levels would be reflected in the glucocorticoid levels found in hair samples. By dosing the animals daily with high levels of corticosterone for seven days, while sampling hairs before, during, and after treatments, a timeline for glucocorticoid uptake into hairs was constructed. This kinetic profile was compared to two hypothetical models, and the theory that hair glucocorticoids are a record of historical stress had to be rejected. Corticosterone concentrations in hairs were found to increase within three hours of the first injection, the highest concentrations were found on the seventh day of treatments, and the decrease in concentrations post-treatment suggests rapid elimination. We speculate that hair glucocorticoid levels can only be used to characterize a stress-response for a few days following a postulated stressor. An updated model, where glucocorticoids diffuse into, along, and out of hairs needs to be adopted to reconcile the experimentally obtained data. The inescapable consequence of this updated model is that hair glucocorticoids become a marker of – and can only be used to study – recent, or ongoing, stress, as opposed to historical events, weeks or months in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides, the city practices the discourse of power in most cases - exercising authority through métro station namings, QR codes, signposts, or advertising, etc. Audio, visual and textual modalities combine to project an image which the city (through its authorities) intends to translate to its inhabitants. From the moment an individual steps out into the city streets and onto public transport or other city domains s/he enters into an unspoken dialogue which is going on between the city and its citizens through a variety of communication channels, both textual and visual, each of which relies on its own hybrid discourse. [Extracted from the article]

Burlington House, home to several scientific societies, displays on its façade an august row of statues of British and foreign scientists, including Archimedes, Galileo, Laplace, Leibniz, and, of course, Newton. "On the Albert Memorial, Pythagoras is in the noble company of Homer, Virgil, and Dante." Perhaps Newton's best-known monument in London, however, is Eduardo Paolozzi's rendering of William Blake's famous monotype (1795) as a bronze sculpture (1995) in the forecourt of the British Library. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on the unveiling of the historical marker honoring Indiana dentist Doctor Otto Ulysses King in a public dedication ceremony organized by Indiana Dental Association (IDA) member Doctor John Regan on June 20, 2020. Topics include King's accomplishments like as the fist General Secretary of the National Dental Association (NDA) and first editor of the "Official Bulletin of the National Dental Association."

This essay explores the rhetorical framing of civil rights tourism in Mississippi, a state that has invested considerable resources towards developing an infrastructure for attracting heritage tourists. Focusing specifically on a series of historical markers known as the Mississippi Freedom Trail (MFT), the essay identifies three dominant narratives that shape visitors’ understanding of the state’s civil rights history: (1) representations of violence against Mississippi’s civil rights leaders, (2) the role of agitation and community organizing, and (3) the (dis)connections between the past and the present. Although the MFT increases public awareness of the Mississippi Movement, it under-emphasizes the role women played and privileges modes of activism that embraced the very system that disenfranchised Black Americans. For these reasons, we argue that the MFT is limited in its ability to speak to contemporary racial struggles even as it provides a platform for confronting racist symbols in public memory sites. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the contributions of first General Secretary of National Dental Association (NDA), dentist Otto U. King. Topics discussed include his achievement as the executive director of American Dental Association; finding of the Journal of American Dental Association; and his contributions in providing better dental education, preventative dentistry, and free dental care for children.

Ongoing changes in communications technology create new opportunities not only in terms of acquisition of data on urban cultural heritage, but also in terms of active participation in the creation of such heritage. One example of this is interactive games, which are used in the field of tourism, including urban games and rural games. One of such games is Ingress, which is played in real time in virtual reality on mobile devices. The game board for Ingress is a real map of the world, produced by Google Maps, with superimposed virtual objects (portals) that reflect physical sites in geographic space submitted by gamers and approved by the entity managing the game. The aim of this study was to identify sites in urban space that are submitted to the world of virtual reality in the Ingress game. In addition, the goal was to determine how these sites affect the tourist offering of the city. The study consisted of an analysis of the number and type of historical sites officially listed in the register of stationary historical sites in 12 small towns in the Krakow Metropolitan Area. The list was then compared with their presence in the game of Ingress. The study analyzes the nature of the virtual game map for towns, presents an inventory and classification of sites submitted by gamers, and estimates the rank of historical sites among all sites available in the game. Research has shown a strong dependence of the number of portals introduced into the game of Ingress on the number of residents of local municipalities. The virtual world of attractive sites introduced by gamers into Ingress is substantially different from that shaped by tourist guides and the actual history of cities. The number of Ingress portals per city does not reflect the nature and number of historical sites registered as cultural heritage sites. In small cities, the nature of the portals is similar. Most portals are dominated by commemorative plaques, sculptures, and monuments as well as religion-oriented sites including churches and chapels. On the other hand, the number of recreational, educational, and cultural sites is negligible. The employment of new local marketing strategies based on social networks and urban games is not very common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides summary of the decisions of the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal and noteworthy reports of Planning Panels Victoria. It mentions that decision in "Land Development Consulting Pty Ltd v Maroondah CC" explores the possibility of future development of land is a relevant consideration of a subdivision application. It also discusses about the "Imax Land (Australia) Pty Ltd v Whitehorse CC."