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In Brazil, three different species are currently sold as “espinheira-santa”: Monteverdia ilicifolia (Mart. ex Reissek) Biral (Celastraceae), Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C.Burger, Lanj. & Wess.Boer (Moraceae) and Zollernia ilicifolia Vogel (Leguminosae). However, only M. ilicifolia is formally recognized for its medicinal properties, while the other two species are potentially toxic. Our aim was to verify the identity of the “espinheira-santa” sold in cities of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. We acquired 19 sam-ples, mainly from fairs, city markets and natural products stores. In order to identify the material, we made free-hand anatomical sections of the midrib of rehydrated leaves, and the anatomical descriptions were compared to literature data and to reference slides. Only 5 out of 19 samples matched M. ilicifolia, while the others mainly corresponded to S. bonplandii. Plant anatomy is an excellent tool for fraud control in medicinal plants due to its low cost and simplicity. Se sabe que tres especies son comercializadas en Brasil bajo el nombre “espinheira-santa”: Monteverdia ilicifolia (Mart. ex Reissek) Biral (Celastraceae), Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C. Burger, Lanj. & Wess.Boer (Moraceae) y Zollernia ilicifolia Vogel (Leguminosae). Sin embargo, solamente M. ilicifolia es reconocida por sus propiedades medicinales, mientras que las demás son potencialmente tóxicas. Nuestro objetivo fue verificar la identidad botánica de las “espinheiras-santa” comercializadas en las ciudades de la Región Metropolitana de Rio de Janeiro. Adquirimos 19 muestras oriundas principalmente de mercados municipales y tiendas de productos naturales. Para la identificación del material, se realizaron cortes a mano alzada del tercio medio de las hojas rehidratadas, y las descripciones anatómicas fueron comparadas con la literatura y con láminas de referencia. Tales muestras frecuentemente corresponden a un fraude, ya que apenas 1 de cada 4 fueron identificadas como M. ilicifolia. La anatomía vegetal es una excelente herramienta para el control de fraudes en plantas medicinales debido a su bajo costo ysimplicidad. Sabe-se que três espécies são comercializadas no Brasil sob o nome “espinheira-santa”: Monteverdia ilicifolia (Mart. ex Reissek) Biral (Celastraceae), Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C.Burger, Lanj. & Wess.Boer (Moraceae) e Zollernia ilicifolia Vogel (Leguminosae). Somente M. ilicifolia, no entanto, é reconhecida por suas propriedades medicinais, enquanto as demais são potencialmente tóxicas. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a identidade botânica das “espinheiras-santa” comercializadas em cidades da Região Metropolitana do RJ. Adquirimos 19 amostras oriundas principalmente de feiras, mercados municipais e lojas de produtos naturais. Para identificação do material, foram feitos cortes à mão livre do terço médio de folhas reidratadas, e as descrições anatômicas comparadas com a literatura e com lâminas de referência. Tais amostras frequentemente correspondem a uma fraude, já que apenas 1 em cada 4 foram identificadas como M. ilicifolia. A anatomia vegetal é uma excelente ferramenta para o controle de fraudes em plantas medicinais devido ao seu baixo custo e simplicidade.

Esta é uma obra que apresenta a memória e a história visual do Museu da Escola Catarinense da UDESC e de Outros Museus do Mundo.

Sabe-se que três espécies são comercializadas no Brasil sob o nome “espinheira-santa”: Monteverdia ilicifolia (Mart. ex Reissek) Biral (Celastraceae), Sorocea bonplandii (Baill.) W.C.Burger, Lanj. & Wess.Boer (Moraceae) e Zollernia ilicifolia Vogel (Leguminosae). Somente M. ilicifolia, no entanto, é reconhecida por suas propriedades medicinais, enquanto as demais são potencialmente tóxicas. Nosso objetivo foi verificar a identidade botânica das “espinheiras-santa” comercializadas em cidades da Região Metropolitana do RJ. Adquirimos 19 amostras oriundas principalmente de feiras, mercados municipais e lojas de produtos naturais. Para identificação do material, foram feitos cortes à mão livre do terço médio de folhas reidratadas, e as descrições anatômicas comparadas com a literatura e com lâminas de referência. Tais amostras frequentemente correspondem a uma fraude, já que apenas 1 em cada 4 foram identificadas como M. ilicifolia. A anatomia vegetal é uma excelente ferramenta para o controle de fraudes em plantas medicinais devido ao seu baixo custo e simplicidade.

OBJETIVE To understand the role of exposure to skin-to-skin contact and its minimum duration in determining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge in infants weighing up to 1,800g at birth. METHODS A multicenter cohort study was carried out in five Brazilian neonatal units. Infants weighing ≤ 1,800g at birth were eligible. Skin-to-skin contact time was recorded by the health care team and parents on an individual chart. Maternal and infant data was obtained from maternal questionnaires and medical records. The Classification Tree, a machine learning method, was used for data analysis; the tree growth algorithm, using statistical tests, partitions the dataset into mutually exclusive subsets that best describe the response variable and calculates appropriate cut-off points for continuous variables, thus generating an efficient explanatory model for the outcome under study. RESULTS A total of 388 infants participated in the study, with a median of 31.6 (IQR = 29–31.8) weeks of gestation age and birth weight of 1,429g (IQR = 1,202–1,610). The exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge was 61.6%. For infant’s weighting between 1,125g and 1,655g, exposed to skin-to-skin contact was strongly associated with exclusive breastfeeding. Moreover, infants who made an average > 149.6 min/day of skin-to-skin contact had higher chances in this outcome (74% versus 46%). In this group, those who received a severity score (SNAPPE-II) equal to zero increased their chances of breastfeeding (83% versus 63%). CONCLUSION Skin-to-skin contact proved to be of great relevance in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge for preterm infants weighing 1,125g–1,655g at birth, especially in those with lower severity scores.

Dans son dernier rapport l’OMS officialise le lien bénéfique entre art et santé. Une récente étude médicale identifie les éléments cognitifs apportés spécifiquement par le spectacle de cirque. En piste, là où les acrobates et jongleurs réussissent des exploits, la figure du clown s’apparente à celle d’un héros du ratage. La représentation scénique du rater comme mécanisme de préservation dont le clown serait l’officiant pourrait s’avérer déterminante.

Social interactions rely on the interpretation of semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. In primates, both audition and vision serve the interpretation of communicative signals. Autistic individuals present deficits in both social communication and audio-visual integration. At present, the neural mechanisms subserving the interpretation of complex audio-visual social events are unknown. Based on heart rate estimates and functional neuroimaging, we show that macaque monkeys associate affiliative facial expressions or social scenes with corresponding affiliative vocalizations, aggressive expressions or scenes with corresponding aggressive vocalizations and escape visual scenes with scream vocalizations, while suppressing vocalizations that are incongruent with the visual context. This process is subserved by two distinct functional networks, homologous to the human emotional and attentional networks activated during the processing of visual social information. These networks are thus critical for the construction of social meaning representation, and provide grounds for the audio-visual deficits observed in autism.One-sentence summary Macaques extract social meaning from visual and auditory input recruiting face and voice patches and a broader emotional and attentional network.

International audience

Social interactions rely on the interpretation of semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. Nonhuman primates send and receive auditory and visual communicative signals. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the association of visual and auditory information based on their common social meaning are unknown. Using heart rate estimates and functional neuroimaging, we show that in the lateral and superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey, neural responses are enhanced in response to species-specific vocalisations paired with a matching visual context, or when vocalisations follow, in time, visual information, but inhibited when vocalisation are incongruent with the visual context. For example, responses to affiliative vocalisations are enhanced when paired with affiliative contexts but inhibited when paired with aggressive or escape contexts. Overall, we propose that the identified neural network represents social meaning irrespective of sensory modality.

Social interactions rely on the ability to interpret semantic and emotional information, often from multiple sensory modalities. In human and nonhuman primates, both the auditory and visual modalities are used to generate and interpret communicative signals. In individuals with autism, not only are there deficits in social communication, but in the integration of audio-visual information. At present, we know little about the neural mechanisms that subserve the interpretation of complex social events, including the audio-visual integration that is often required with accompanying communicative signals. Based on heart rate estimates and fMRI in two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), we show that individuals systematically associate affiliative facial expressions or social scenes with corresponding affiliative vocalizations, aggressive facial expressions or social scenes with corresponding aggressive vocalizations and escape visual scenes with scream vocalizations. In contrast, vocalizations that are incompatible with the visual information are fully suppressed, suggesting top-down regulation over the processing of sensory input. The process of binding audio-visual semantic and contextual information relies on a core functional network involving the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and lateral sulcus (LS). Peak activations in both sulci co-localize with face or voice patches that have been previously described. While all of these regions of interest (ROIs) respond to both auditory and visual information, LS ROIs have a preference for auditory and audio-visual congruent stimuli while STS ROIs equally respond to auditory, visual and audio-visual congruent stimuli. To further specify the cortical network involved in the control of this semantic association, we performed a whole brain gPPI functional connectivity analysis on the LS and STS cumulated ROIs. This gPPI analysis highlights a functional network connected to the LS and STS, involving the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), area 46 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the insular cortex and subcortically, the amygdala and the hippocampus. Comparing human and macaque results, we propose that the integration of audio-visual information for congruent, meaningful social events involves homologous neural circuitry, specifically, an emotional network composed of the STS, LS, ACC, OFC, and limbic areas, including the amygdala, and an attentional network including the STS, LS, IPS and DLPFC. As such, these networks are critical to the amodal representation of social meaning, thereby providing an explanation for some of deficits observed in autism.

Qu’est-ce qu’agir dans une certaine intention ? Faut-il penser l’intention comme une idée d’action que nous formons en l’esprit séparément de l’action, ou bien comme une forme qui se dégage dans l’action accomplie ou en train d’être accomplie ? La pensée pratique est-elle de même nature que la pensée théorique ? Tel est le noyau des questions abordées dans ce collectif critique consacré à l’œuvre d’Elizabeth Anscombe (1919-2001). D’autres questions s’articulent autour de ce noyau, notamment : en quel sens la perception est-elle intentionnelle ? Du point de vue logique, une action est-elle un prédicat comme un autre, ou bien sa forme verbale est-elle irréductible ? Le plaisir est-il un bien ? Un choix rationnel peut-il être libre ? Dire « je », est-ce faire référence à une personne en particulier ? Une action involontaire peut-elle être rationnelle ? Précédés d’un avant-propos de Vincent Descombes, les essais réunis ici forment une introduction critique à la pensée riche, incisive et radicale d’Anscombe. Ils confrontent aussi les arguments de la philosophe à des problématiques contemporaines et entreprennent de penser à partir d’eux. Où l’on pourra constater que nous avons beaucoup à apprendre de celle qu’on ne connaît souvent que comme exécutrice testamentaire et traductrice de Wittgenstein, alors qu’elle fut aussi et surtout une philosophe de plein droit, et de tout premier ordre.

The complexity of the current context is one of the challenges of our newsroom in times of uncertainty, in which the destructive advance of covid-19 in Brazil has been forcing Brazilian states to expand social isolation, closing schools and suspending classes in their territories. From the point of view of our article, one of the lessons to be learned concerns the impacts of Covid-19 on the different scales of the lived territory. The coronavirus pandemic reiterates the political and epistemic dimension of the investigation of the site, considering it an analytical and comprehensive density of training processes for children, youth and adults. Dialoging with Santos (1994) who, in his theoretical formulation about his existential epistemology, urges us to carry out the exercise of studying what each place has to be unique, specific, different and original to understand how the subjects act and produce ways of life, social relations and practices, including the right to school. La complejidaddel contexto actual es uno de los desafíos a nuestra escritura realizada entiempos de incertidumbres, en los que el avance destructor del covid-19 en Brasil viene obligando a los estados brasileños a ampliar las medidas de aislamiento social, cerrando las escuelas y suspendiendo las clases en sus territorios. Desde el punto de vista de nuestro artículo, una de las lecciones a ser aprendidas se refiere a los impactos del Covid-19 en las diferentes escalas del territorio de lo vivido.La pandemia del coronavirusreitera la dimensión política y epistemológica de investigar el lugar, tomándolo como densidad analítica y comprehensiva de procesos formativos de niños, jóvenes y adultos. Dialogando con Santos (1994) que, en su formulación teórica sobre su epistemología existencial, nos instiga a realizar el ejercicio de estudiar lo que cada lugar tiene de singular, de específico, de diferente y original para comprender cómo los sujetos actúan y producen modos de vida, relaciones y prácticas sociales, entre ellas elderecho a la escolarización. A complexidade do contexto atual é um dos desafios à nossa escrita realizada em tempos de incertezas, nos quais o avanço destruidor do covid-19 no Brasil vem obrigando os estados brasileiros a ampliar as medidas de isolamento social, fechando as escolas e suspendendo as aulas em seus territórios. Do ponto de vista de nosso artigo, uma das lições a serem aprendidas diz respeito aos impactos do Covid-19 nas diferentes escalas do território do vivido. A pandemia do coronavírus reitera a dimensão política e epistêmica de investigar o lugar, tomando-o como densidade analítica e compreensiva de processos formativos de crianças, jovens e adultos. Dialogando com Santos (1994) que, em sua formulação teórica sobre a sua epistemologia existencial, nos instiga a realizar o exercício de estudar o que cada lugar tem de singular, de específico, de diferente e original para compreendermos como os sujeitos agem e produzem modos de vida, relações e práticas sociais, dentre elas o direito à escolarização.

We report the case of a civilian 27-year-old man treated in a military hospital in France who sustained multiple stab wounds, including one in the left groin, with massive external bleeding. When first responders arrived, the patient was in hemorrhagic shock. A tourniquet and two intraosseous catheters were placed to start resuscitative care. On the patient's arrival at the hospital, bleeding was not controlled, so a junctional tourniquet was put in place and massive transfusion was started. Surgical exploration revealed a laceration of the superficial femoral artery and a disruption of the femoral vein. Vascular damage control was achieved by a general surgeon and consisted of primary repair of the superficial femoral artery injury and venous ligation. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit after 2 days and from the hospital after 8 days. This case illustrates some of the persistent challenges shared between military and civilian trauma care. The external control of junctional hemorrhage is not easily achievable in the field, and junctional tourniquets have been therefore incorporated in the Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines. French lyophilized plasma was used for massive transfusion because it has been proven to be a logistically superior alternative to fresh-frozen plasma. Management of vascular wounds by nonspecialized surgeons is a complex situation that requires vascular damage-control skills; French military surgeons therefore follow a comprehensive structured surgical training course that prepares them to manage complex penetrating trauma in austere environments. Finally, in this case, lessons learned on the battlefield were applied to the benefit of the patient.

International audience; Comment caractériser la forme logique de l'abduction ? Dans ses travaux, le philosophe et logicien C. S. Peirce n'a cessé de plaider pour la reconnaissance de la spécificité de l'inférence abductive ; mais il paraît difficile d'en formuler un critère de validité satisfaisant. L'article se propose d'aborder ce problème à partir d'une analogie avec l'inférence pratique en suivant l'analyse qu'en donne Elizabeth Anscombe. La thèse soutenue est que la spécificité de l'abduction ne saurait se laisser décrire sur le seul plan d'un calcul logique, mais exige d'introduire une dimension pragmatique dans l'analyse qui fasse référence à la fin poursuivie par l'agent raisonneur. Plutôt que de contraster l'abduction avec la déduction et l'induction, comme le faisait le premier Peirce, on suggère que les modes d'inférence se distinguent par les fins auxquels ils sont arrimés et par un certain usage des propositions et de leurs relations logiques. Enfin, l'article discute brièvement l'idée avancée récemment par T. Kapitan selon laquelle l'inférence abductive devrait être considérée comme une sorte d'inférence pratique.

The authors present here a case of a pharmacobezoar after drug overdose, diagnosed using multiple blood samples for TDM. This grand round highlights the importance of a dialog between a clinician and a TDM consultant for the optimal care of a patient.

O presente artigo deriva de minha participação no II Congresso de Estudos da infância: Politizações e Estesias, realizado em setembro de 2019, na UERJ/Maracanã. O tema Infâncias, Cultura e Relações Intergeracionais na vida cotidiana, constituiu a conferência “Questão étnico-racial e questão geracional na infância”, tendo como centralidade questões fortemente candentes nos Estudos da Infância: questões étnico-raciais e questões geracionais, problematizando como essas interseccionalidades (Collins, 2019) repercutem na vida cotidiana de crianças brasileiras, especialmente de crianças das classes populares que vivem em periferias das grandes metrópoles, tais como as favelas e periferias urbanas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse texto-pretexto, escolhi falar dessa outra que estamos nomeando como a criança das classes populares, a que vive em periferias urbanas, em favelas e bairros populares. Aquelas que apesar de “infans”- sem fala, ousam falar, se falam e são falados por nós, professoras e pesquisadoras da infância. Tomando a nossa proposta de conversa como um dispositivo para um encontro (Deleuze, 1998), busquei falar dessa Outra, recorrendo às minhas anotações do dia da conferência, e as vozes de autores (as) com os quais dialogo em meus estudos, pesquisas e trabalhos cotidianos em diferentes territórios da cidade (Tavares, 2019), entendendo a cidade contemporânea como um lugar de encontros: bons e ou maus encontros. Sobretudo um lugar de encontros intergeracionais, de possibilidade de produção do (con)viver. El presente artículo deriva de mi participación en el II Congreso de Estudios de la Infancia: Politizaciones y Estesias, realizado en septiembre de 2019, en la Universidad del Estado de Rio de Janeiro/Maracanã. Mi presentación, intitulada Infancias, Cultura y Relaciones Intergeneracionales en la vida cotidiana, constituyó la conferencia “La cuestión étnico-racial y la cuestión generacional en la infancia”, teniendo como centro cuestiones fuertemente candentes en los Estudios de la Infancia: las cuestiones étnico-raciales y las cuestiones generacionales, problematizando como estas interseccionalidades (Collins, 2017) repercuten en la vida cotidiana de los niños(as) brasileños(as), especialmente los/las de clases populares que viven en las periferias de las grandes metrópolis, tales como las “favelas” y periferias urbanas del estado de Rio de Janeiro. En este texto-pretexto, elegí hablar de este otro que estamos nombrando como el niño/la niña de clases populares, que vive en periferias urbanas, en “favelas” y barrios populares. Aquellos(as) que a pesar de infans-sin habla, se atreven a hablar, hablan y son hablados por nosotros, profesoras e investigadoras de la infancia. Tomando nuestra propuesta de conversación como un dispositivo para un encuentro (Deleuze, 1998), busqué hablar de este(a) Otro(a), recurriendo a mis anotaciones del día de la conferencia y a las voces de autores(as) con los cuales dialogo em mis estudios, investigaciones y trabajos cotidianos en diferentes territorios de la ciudad (TAVARES, 2019), entendiendo la ciudad contemporánea como un lugar de encuentros: buenos y/o malos. Sobre todo, un lugar de encuentros intergeneracionales, de posibilidad de producción del (con)vivir. This article derives from my participation in the II Congress of Childhood Studies: Politicizations and Aesthetics, held in September 2019, at UERJ/Maracanã. My speech entitled Childhoods, Culture and Intergenerational Relations in everyday life, was delivered in the conference “The ethnic-racial issue and the generational issue in childhood” having at its core extreme burning issues in Childhood Studies: both ethnic-racial and generational issues, arguing how these intersecting points (Collins, 2017) have effects on the daily life of Brazilian children, especially children from the popular classes who live in the outskirts of the big cities, such as the slums and urban borders of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In this pre-text, I chose to speak of this Other, named the child from the popular classes, the one who lives in the outskirts, in slums and popular areas. Those who, despite being infants deprived of speech, dare to speak among themselves and are spoken of by us, teachers and researchers of childhood. Considering our proposal of establishing conversation as a device for an encounter (Deleuze, 1998), I tried to speak of this Other, using my notes from the day of the conference, and the voices of authors with whom I dialogue in my studies, researches and daily work in different territories of the city (Tavares, 2019), understanding the contemporary city as a place of encounters, both good and bad. Above all, the city is a place of intergenerational meetings where the co-existence is possible.

O presente artigo é fruto de pesquisa que vem sendo realizada no âmbito de um projeto mais amplo, denominado “As infâncias e a cidade: investigando componentes territoriais de processos educativos de crianças na cidade de São Gonçalo” (TAVARES, 2010, 2016, 2018). Nesta interrogamos se componentes territoriais da cidade de São Gonçalo produzem impactos nos processos educativos de crianças das classes populares no município. A pesquisa vem complexificando relações que envolvem infâncias e o direito à cidade, pensando-os nos debates que vêm se intensificando nas Ciências Sociais, bem como no Campo Educacional, sobretudo nos estudos da Sociologia da Educação e Estudos Sociais da Infância, direcionando-se, de modo mais substantivo, à problemática das infâncias na cidade. Assim, ao investigarmos trajetórias urbanas e circuitos de educabilidade de crianças dos bairros delimitados na pesquisa, percebemos a existência de uma zona de indeterminação que atravessa o emaranhado da vida social, repercutindo nas práticas e nos circuitos da vida urbana mais ampla, não somente nos equipamentos escolares. Do ponto de vista do horizonte epistemológico, pensamos ser necessário aprofundar a concepção da pesquisa como uma experiência de conhecimento. Em nosso estudo, aprofundamos a concepção de que a cidade, mais do que um conceito, é um campo de práticas. Vale dizer, de práticas infantis de conhecimento, leituras, representação e apropriação do espaço urbano, o que implica elaborar um plano de investigação mais aberto, que ao produzir linhas de força múltiplas, continue a nos instigar a pensar de forma plural a questão das infâncias na cidade., This article is the result of a research that has been carried out under the perspective of a broader project, called “’Childhoods’ and the city: investigating territorial components of educational processes of children in the city of São Gonçalo” (TAVARES, 2010, 2016, 2018). In this research we question if the territorial components of the city of São Gonçalo have an impact on educational processes of children from the working classes in the municipality. The research has been complexifying those relationships which involve the childhood and the right to the city, thinking of the children and including them in the debates that have been intensified, not only in the Social Sciences, but in the field of education as well, especially in the studies of Sociology of Education and Social Studies of the Childhood, focusing on the problem of the childhood in the city in a more substantial way. So, as we investigate the urban trajectories and the circuits of educability of children who come from those neighborhoods delimited by the research, we find out the existence of an undetermined zone that crosses the entanglement of social life, reverberating both in the practices and in the circuits of a broader urban life, and not only in the school equipment. From the point of view of an epistemological horizon, we think it is necessary to thoroughly analyse the concept of research as an experience of knowledge. In our study, we deepened the idea that the city, more than a concept, is a field of practices. It is worth mentioning that, children’s practices of knowledge, readings, representation and ownership of the urban space imply the elaboration of a more open research plan which, by producing multiple lines of power, might continue to urge us to think of the issue of “childhoods” in the city in a pluralistic way., El presente artículo es fruto de una investigación realizada dentro de un proyecto más amplio, denominado “As infâncias e a cidade: investigando componentes territoriais de processos educativos de crianças na cidade de São Gonçalo” [“Las infancias y la ciudad: investigando los componentes territoriales de los procesos educativos de niños y niñas en la ciudad de São Gonçalo”] (TAVARES, 2010, 2016, 2018). En ésta, interrogamos si los componentes territoriales de la ciudad de São Gonçalo tienen impactos en los procesos educativos de las niñas y niños de clases populares del município. La investigación viene complejizando relaciones que involucran a las infancias y al derecho a la ciudad, pensándolas en el marco de los debates que se vienen intensificando tanto en las Ciencias Sociales como en el campo Educacional, sobre todo en los estudios de la Sociología de la Educación y los Estudios Sociales de la Infancia, direccionándose, de modo más sustantivo, hacia la problemática de las infancias en la ciudad. De este modo, al investigar las trayectorias urbanas y los circuitos deeducabilidad de las niñas y niños de los barrios delimitados en la investigación, percibimos la existencia de una zona de indeterminación que atraviesa el entramado de la vida social, repercutiendo en las prácticas y en los circuitos de la vida urbana más amplia, no solamente en los procesos escolares. Desde el punto de vista del horizonte epistemológico, consideramos necesario profundizar la concepción de la investigación como experiencia de conocimiento. En nuestro estudio, profundizamos la concepción de que la ciudad, más que um concepto, es un campo de prácticas. Vale decir, de prácticas infantiles de conocimiento, lecturas, representación y apropiación del espacio urbano, lo que supone elaborar un plan de investigación más abierto, que al producir múltiples líneas de fuerza, continúe instándonos a pensar de forma plural la cuestión de las infancias en la ciudad.

We present a software for the sonification of neuronal activity acquired by calcium imaging of neurons in the brain of zebrafish larvae. The objective was to facilitate the observation of the temporal and spatial patterns of activity as well as the synchronous phenomena between different neurons. The parameter mapping approach was used. The method we present relies on manually drawn regions of interest (ROI), whereby, the average fluorescent values of the ROIs are computed to drive FM synthesis parameters. The ROIs represent neurons and each ROI is associated with a FM synthesizer producing sound signal. An interface was developed to allow one to tune the parameters of the sonification and manage the data sets. This paper presents the different mapping that were tested, their implementation in the software, and the interface that was developed.&nbsp

As an aerosol and droplets generating procedure, tracheostomy increases contamination risks for health workers in the coronavirus disease context. To preserve the health care system capacity and to limit virus cross‐transmission, protecting caregivers against coronavirus infection is of critical importance. We report the use of external fixator equipment to set up a physical interface between the patient's neck and the caregiver performing a tracheostomy in COVID‐19 patients. Once the metal frame set in place, it is wrapped with a single‐use clear and sterile cover for surgical C‐arm. This installation is simple, easy, and fast to achieve and can be carried out with inexpensive material available in every hospital. This physical interface is an additional safety measure that prevents the direct projection of secretions or droplets. It should, of course, only be considered as a complement to strict compliance with barrier precautions and personal protective equipment.

O presente artigo apresenta como objetivo analisar os riscos hidrometeorológicos em Curitiba, colocando em evidência as condicionantes climáticas atreladas à ocorrência de eventos e episódios extremos, as zonas de inundação e as áreas de vulnerabilidade. Para tanto, utiliza-se de dados pluviais, de áreas inundáveis e de variáveis sociais de maneira integrada. Os resultados encontrados configuram-se como subsídios à gestão de riscos climáticos ligados à pluviosidade em ambientes urbanos. This paper presents the objective of analyzing the hydrometeorological risk in Curitiba, highlighting the climatic conditions linked to the occurrence of extreme events and episodes, flood zones and vulnerable areas. For that, it uses rain data, flooded areas and social variables in an integrated manner. The results found are configured as subsidies to the management of climatic risks linked to rainfall in urban environments. Cet article analyse les risques hydrométéorologiques à Curitiba, en mettant en évidence les conditions climatiques liées à la survenue d'événements et d'épisodes extrêmes, de zones inondables et de zones vulnérables. Pour cela, il utilise les données pluviométriques, les zones inondées et les variables sociales de manière intégrée. Les résultats trouvés contribuent à la gestion des risques climatiques liés aux précipitations en milieu urbain. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los riesgos hidrometeorológicos en Curitiba, destacando las condiciones climáticas vinculadas a la ocurrencia de eventos y episodios extremos, las zonas de inundación y las áreas vulnerables. Para eso, utiliza datos de lluvia, áreas inundadas y variables sociales de manera integrada. Los resultados encontrados subsidian la gestión de riesgos climáticos vinculados a la lluvia en entornos urbanos.

Digital musical instruments appear as complex objects, being positioned in a continuum with the history of lutherie as well as marked with a strong disruption provoked by the digital technology and its consequences in terms of sonic possibilities, relations between gesture and sound, listening situations, reconfigurability of instruments and so on. This doctoral work tries to describe the characteristics originating from the integration of digital technology into musical instruments, drawing notably on a musicological reflection, on softwares and hardwares development, on musical practice, as well as a number of interactions with other musicians, instruments makers, composers and researchers., Les instruments de musique numériques se présentent comme des objets complexes, qui se situent à la fois dans une continuité historique avec l'histoire de la lutherie tout en étant marqués par une rupture forte provoquée par le numérique et ses conséquences en terme de possibilités sonores, de relations entre le geste et le son, de situations d'écoute, de re-configurabilité des instruments, etc. Ce travail de doctorat propose une analyse des caractéristiques émanant de l'intégration du numérique dans les instruments de musique, en s'appuyant notamment sur une réflexion musicologique, sur des développements logiciels et matériels et sur une pratique musicale, ainsi que sur des échanges avec d'autres musiciens, luthiers, compositeurs et chercheurs.

O presente artigo é resultante de uma pesquisa qualitativade cunho etnográfico realizada no âmbito do projeto“A(s) infância(s) e a cidade: Investigando componentesterritoriais de processos educativos de crianças na cidadede São Gonçalo”, que vem objetivando investigar se oscomponentes territoriais da cidade de São Gonçalointerferem e/ou produzem impactos nos processoseducativos e de escolarização inicial das crianças dascamadas populares no município. Pretendemos, com esteestudo, dar continuidade e complexificar pesquisas quevimos desenvolvendo há quase duas décadas sobre/com olocal, destacando a centralidade da cidade de São Gonçalonas políticas e práticas de educação escolar em curso nametrópole gonçalense.

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir o projeto de extensão popular Sábados no Paraíso, que vem sendo realizado no último sábado de cada mês na Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Faculdade de Formação de Professores,desde 2009. O projeto em tela busca articular, de forma indissociada, cultura, educação e lazer na cidade de São Gonçalo, tendo por objetivos envolver as criançaspequenas (2 a 10 anos) e seus familiares que residem nos bairros populares e nas favelas próximas à Faculdade de Formação de Professores, em São Gonçalo, buscando construir uma relação dialógica com a faculdade e seus projetos de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. O projeto justificase pela enorme demanda de atividades culturaise de lazer manifestadas, tanto pela comunidade acadêmica quanto pela comunidadeno entorno da faculdade, que se caracteriza, principalmente, pela falta de acessoaos bens culturais e pela degradação ambiental e social, fruto da perversa ação capitalista e degradação urbana na cidade gonçalense. Nessa perspectiva, defendesea ampliação do papel políticopedagógico da universidade pública, afirmando nãosomente o seu papel acadêmico, mas também o seu compromisso de formaçãocultural em uma cidade com mais de 1 milhão de habitantes, como São Gonçalo.Palavraschave: Educação Popular. Sábados no Paraíso. Extensão popular. Infâncias das classes populares. Palavras-chave: Educação Popular. Sábados no Paraíso. Extensão popular. Infâncias das classes populares. Uheard-viable and child education: intergenerational experiences in the project Sábados no Paraíso AbstractThe present article intends to introduce and discuss the popular extension project Sábados no Paraíso, which has been held on the last Saturday of each monthat UERJ/Faculty of Teacher Training, since 2009. The on-screen project, whichseeks to articulate indissociably culture, education and leisure in the city of SãoGonçalo, with the aim of involving young children (2 to 10 years old) and theirfamilies residing in the popular neighborhoods and slums near the Faculty ofTeacher Training, in São Gonçalo, seeking to build a dialogical relationship withthe Faculty and its Teaching, Research and Extension projects. The project isjustified by the huge demand for cultural and leisure activities manifested byboth the academic community and the community around the Faculty, which ischaracterized mainly by the lack of access to cultural assets and by environmentaland social degradation, result of perverse capitalist action and urban degradationin the city of São Gonçalo. In that perspective, we defend the expansion ofthe political and pedagogical role of the public university, affirming not only itsacademic role, but also its commitment to cultural formation in a city with morethan one million inhabitants, such as São Gonçalo. Keywords: Popular Education. Sábados no Paraíso. Popular extension. Childhood of the popular classes. Inéditos viables y educación infantil: experiencias intergeracionales en el proyecto Sábados no Paraíso ResumenEl presente artículo tiene por intención presentar y discutir el proyecto de Extensión popular Sábados no Paraíso, que viene siendo realizado el último sábadode cada mes en la UERJ / Facultad de Formación de Profesores, desde 2009. Elproyecto en pantalla, que busca articular de forma (1 a 10 años) y sus familiaresque residen en los barrios populares y favelas cercanos a la Facultad de Formaciónde Profesores, en São Gonçalo, buscando construir una ciudad de São Gonçalo,con el objetivo de involucrar a los niños pequeños (2 a 10 años) una relación dialógica con la Facultad y sus proyectos de Enseñanza, Investigación y Extensión.El proyecto se justifica por la enorme demanda de actividades culturales y de ociomanifestadas, tanto por la comunidad académica, como por la comunidad en el entorno de la Facultad, que se caracteriza principalmente, por la falta de acceso a losbienes culturales y por la degradación ambiental y social, perversa acción capitalistay degradación urbana en la ciudad gonçalense. En esta perspectiva, defendemos laampliación del papel político y pedagógico de la universidad pública, afirmando nosólo su papel académico, sino también su compromiso de formación cultural enuna ciudad con más de un millón de habitantes, como San Gonçalo. Palabras clave: Educación Popular. Sábados no Paraíso. Extensión popular. Infancias de las clases populares.

BackgroundThe 7th Airborne Forward Surgical Team (FST) has deployed to Chad in 2015 and 2016, in support of French military forces. Humanitarian surgical care is known to represent a significant part of the surgical activity in such missions, but to date limited data have been published on the subject.MethodsAll surgical patients from a civilian host population treated by the FST during these missions have been prospectively included. Indications, operative outcomes and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsDuring this period, the FST operated on 358 patients. Humanitarian surgical care represented 95% of the activity. Most patients (92.7%) were operated for elective surgery. Emergencies and infectious diseases represented, respectively, 7.3% and 9.1% of cases. The mean length of stay (LOS) was three days (2–4), and the median follow-up was 30 days (22–34). Mortality rate was 0.6% and morbidity was 5.6%. Parietal surgery had no significant complication and had shorter LOS (pConclusionsHumanitarian surgical care can be provided without compromising the primary mission of the medical forces. Close surveillance and follow-up allowed favourable outcomes with low morbidity and mortality rates. Humanitarian care is responsible for a considerable portion of the workload in such deployed surgical teams. Accounting for humanitarian care is essential in the planning and training for such future medical operations.