169 results on '"Gandia, Peggy"'
Search Results
152. Comparing ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis to measure unbound plasma dolutegravir concentrations based on a design of experiment approach.
- Author
-
Metsu D, Lanot T, Fraissinet F, Concordet D, Gayrard V, Averseng M, Ressault A, Martin-Blondel G, Levade T, Février F, Chatelut E, Delobel P, and Gandia P
- Abstract
Dolutegravir therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be improved by measuring the unbound dolutegravir plasma concentration (Cu), particularly in patients experiencing virological failure or toxicity despite achieving appropriate DTG total plasma concentrations. Equilibrium dialysis (ED) is the gold standard to measure Cu, but ED is time consuming, precluding its use in clinical practice. In contrast, ultrafiltration is applicable to TDM, but is sensitive to numerous analytical conditions. In order to evaluate measurements of Cu by ultrafiltration, ultrafiltration conditions were validated by comparison with ED. DTG concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS. Three ultrafiltration factors (temperature, duration and relative centrifugal force [RCF]) were evaluated and compared to ED (25/37 °C), using a design of experiment strategy. Temperature was found to influence Cu results by ED (p = 0.036) and UF (p = 0.002) when results were analysed with ANOVA. Relative centrifugal force (2000 g) and time (20 min) interacted to influence Cu (p = 0.006), while individually they did not influence Cu (p = 0.88 and p = 0.42 for RCF and time). Ultrafiltration conditions which yielded the most comparable results to ED were 37 °C, 1000 g for 20 min. Ultrafiltration results greatly depended on analytical conditions, confirming the need to validate the method by comparison with ED in order to correctly interpret DTG Cu.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam: an ex vivo and in vivo study.
- Author
-
Mané C, Delmas C, Porterie J, Jourdan G, Verwaerde P, Marcheix B, Concordet D, Georges B, Ruiz S, and Gandia P
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Cephalosporins, Critical Illness, Humans, Swine, Tazobactam pharmacology, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- Abstract
Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly used in intensive care units and can modify drug pharmacokinetics and lead to under-exposure associated with treatment failure. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is an antibiotic combination used for complicated infections in critically ill patients. Launched in 2015, sparse data are available on the influence of ECMO on the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of ECMO on the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane-tazobactam., Methods: An ex vivo model (closed-loop ECMO circuits primed with human whole blood) was used to study adsorption during 8-h inter-dose intervals over a 24-h period (for all three ceftolozane/tazobactam injections) with eight samples per inter-dose interval. Two different dosages of ceftolozane/tazobactam injection were studied and a control (whole blood spiked with ceftolozane/tazobactam in a glass tube) was performed. An in vivo porcine model was developed with a 1-h infusion of ceftolozane-tazobactam and concentration monitoring for 11 h. Pigs undergoing ECMO were compared with a control group. Pharmacokinetic analysis of in vivo data (non-compartmental analysis and non-linear mixed effects modelling) was performed to determine the influence of ECMO., Results: With the ex vivo model, variations in concentration ranged from - 5.73 to 1.26% and from - 12.95 to - 2.89% respectively for ceftolozane (concentrations ranging from 20 to 180 mg/l) and tazobactam (concentrations ranging from 10 to 75 mg/l) after 8 h. In vivo pharmacokinetic exploration showed that ECMO induces a significant decrease of 37% for tazobactam clearance without significant modification in the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane, probably due to a small cohort size., Conclusions: Considering that the influence of ECMO on the pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane/tazobactam is not clinically significant, normal ceftolozane and tazobactam dosing in critically ill patients should be effective for patients undergoing ECMO.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. Authors' Reply to Yu et al.: "Levothyrox ® New and Old Formulations: Are They Switchable for Millions of Patients?"
- Author
-
Concordet D, Gandia P, Montastruc JL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Lees P, Ferran AA, and Toutain PL
- Subjects
- Drug Compounding, Humans, Thyroxine
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
155. Authors' Reply to Nicolas: "Why Were More than 200 Subjects Required to Demonstrate the Bioequivalence of a New Formulation of Levothyroxine with an Old One?"
- Author
-
Concordet D, Gandia P, Montastruc JL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Lees P, Ferran AA, and Toutain PL
- Subjects
- Area Under Curve, Humans, Tablets, Therapeutic Equivalency, Thyroxine
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
156. Why Were More Than 200 Subjects Required to Demonstrate the Bioequivalence of a New Formulation of Levothyroxine with an Old One?
- Author
-
Concordet D, Gandia P, Montastruc JL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Lees P, Ferran AA, and Toutain PL
- Subjects
- Animals, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Chick Embryo, Drug Substitution standards, France epidemiology, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Therapeutic Equivalency, Thyroxine therapeutic use, United States epidemiology, United States Food and Drug Administration organization & administration, Drug Compounding methods, Drug Substitution methods, Thyroxine chemistry
- Abstract
At the request of French Regulatory Authorities, a new formulation of Levothyrox
® was licensed in France in 2017, with the objective of avoiding the stability deficiencies of an existing licensed formulation. Before launching the new formulation, an average bioequivalence (ABE) trial was conducted, having enrolled 204 subjects and selected for interpretation a narrow a priori bioequivalence range of 0.90-1.11. Bioequivalence was concluded. In a previous publication, we questioned the ability of an ABE trial to guarantee the switchability within patients of the new and old levothyroxine formulations. It was suggested that the two formulations should be compared using the conceptual framework of individual bioequivalence. The present paper is a response to those claiming that, despite the fact that ABE analysis does not formally address the switchability of the two formulations, future patients will nevertheless be fully protected. The basis for this claim is that the ABE study was established in a large trial and analyzed using a stringent a priori acceptance interval of equivalence. These claims are questionable, because the use of a very large number of subjects nullifies the implicit precautionary intention of the European guideline when, for a Narrow Therapeutic Index drug, it recommends shortening the a priori acceptance interval from 0.80-1.25 to 0.90-1.11.- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
157. [Assessment for antihypertensive drug intake: How, where and when?]
- Author
-
Bouhanick B, Fonquernie P, Bedue I, Schavgoulidze A, and Gandia P
- Subjects
- Antihypertensive Agents analysis, Antihypertensive Agents economics, Biological Availability, Blood Chemical Analysis economics, Blood Chemical Analysis methods, Clinical Laboratory Services economics, Clinical Laboratory Techniques economics, Costs and Cost Analysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Monitoring economics, France epidemiology, Humans, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertension metabolism, Medication Adherence, Patient Care Planning, Urinalysis economics, Urinalysis methods, Antihypertensive Agents pharmacokinetics, Antihypertensive Agents therapeutic use, Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods, Drug Monitoring methods, Hypertension drug therapy
- Abstract
Aim: Hypertension is a public health problem managed according to therapeutic strategies published in France by the Hauteautoritéde santé (HAS - French Health Authorities). For patients with resistant hypertension, related or not to a non-adherence, prescribers need to be sure the exposure is high enough to achieve the tensional target. Quantitative analysis of antihypertensive drugs in different biological matrices (blood/urine) is one possible solution. However, this involves determining the concentrations observed at standard doses and knowing how to interpret the measured concentrations. It is also necessary to identify medical laboratories that can assay antihypertensive drugs. This was the aim of our work., Methods: The main antihypertensive drugs recommended by the HAS have been listed. For each of them, we looked for published steady-state plasma/serum concentrations and quantities excreted in the urine at usual dosages. In addition, the elimination half-life and linear pharmacokinetic profile were specified for each antihypertensive agent measured in plasma/serum. Pharmacology-Toxicology laboratories in France likely to carry out assays were identified. The time taken to report the result and the cost of the analysis were also specified., Results: All of the afore-mentioned information has been collected and presented in a table. This can then be used to compare the plasma/serum concentration or the quantity measured in a patient's urine with the values reported in the literature. In cases where the blood sampling times differ between those of the patient and the published data, the patient's measured value is compared to the estimated value based on the published concentrations and pharmacokinetics., Conclusion: Interpretation of the plasma/serum/urinary value measured or estimated for an antihypertensive drug is a particularly interesting approach to determine if drug exposure is enough and a possible non-adherence. However, this activity is mostly carried out in hospital centres., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
158. Levothyrox ® New and Old Formulations: Are they Switchable for Millions of Patients?
- Author
-
Concordet D, Gandia P, Montastruc JL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Lees P, Ferran A, and Toutain PL
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Drug Compounding, European Union, Excipients adverse effects, Excipients pharmacokinetics, Excipients therapeutic use, Humans, Intestinal Absorption, Legislation, Drug, Mannitol adverse effects, Mannitol pharmacokinetics, Mannitol therapeutic use, Therapeutic Equivalency, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, Drug Substitution, Thyroxine adverse effects, Thyroxine pharmacokinetics, Thyroxine therapeutic use
- Abstract
In France, more than 2.5 million patients are currently treated with levothyroxine, mainly as the marketed product Levothyrox
® . In March 2017, at the request of French authorities, a new formulation of Levothyrox® was licensed, with the objective of avoiding stability deficiencies of the old formulation. Before launching this new formulation, an average bioequivalence trial, based on European Union recommended guidelines, was performed. The implicit rationale was the assumption that the two products, being bioequivalent, would also be switchable, allowing substitution of the new for the old formulation, thus avoiding the need for individual calibration of the dosage regimen of thyroxine, using the thyroid-stimulating hormone level as the endpoint, as required for a new patient on initiating treatment. Despite the fact that both formulations were shown to be bioequivalent, adverse drug reactions were reported in several thousands of patients after taking the new formulation. In this opinion paper, we report that more than 50% of healthy volunteers enrolled in a successful regulatory average bioequivalence trial were actually outside the a priori bioequivalence range. Therefore, we question the ability of an average bioequivalence trial to guarantee the switchability within patients of the new and old levothyroxine formulations. We further propose an analysis of this problem using the conceptual framework of individual bioequivalence. This involves investigating the bioavailability of the two formulations within a subject, by comparing not only the population means (as established by average bioequivalence) but also by assessing two variance terms, namely the within-subject variance and the variance estimating subject-by-formulation interaction. A higher within individual variability for the new formulation would lead to reconsideration of the appropriateness of the new formulation. Alternatively, a possible subject-by-formulation interaction would allow a judgement on the ability, or not, of doctors to manage patients effectively during transition from the old to the new formulation.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
159. Authors' Reply to Castello-Bridoux et al.: "Comment on Levothyrox ® New and Old Formulations: Are they Switchable for Millions of Patients?"
- Author
-
Concordet D, Gandia P, Montastruc JL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Lees P, Ferran AA, and Toutain PL
- Subjects
- Drug Compounding, Humans, Thyroxine
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
160. Authors' Reply to Nicolas: "Levothyrox ® New and Old Formulations: Are they Switchable for Millions of Patients?"
- Author
-
Concordet D, Gandia P, Montastruc JL, Bousquet-Mélou A, Lees P, Ferran AA, and Toutain PL
- Subjects
- Humans, Thyroxine
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
161. Optimization of the treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients-guidelines from the French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Société Française de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique-SFPT) and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (Société Française d'Anesthésie et Réanimation-SFAR).
- Author
-
Guilhaumou R, Benaboud S, Bennis Y, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Dailly E, Gandia P, Goutelle S, Lefeuvre S, Mongardon N, Roger C, Scala-Bertola J, Lemaitre F, and Garnier M
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Critical Illness therapy, Drug Dosage Calculations, Drug Monitoring methods, France, Glomerular Filtration Rate radiation effects, Humans, Intensive Care Units organization & administration, Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data, Serum Albumin analysis, Societies, Medical trends, Societies, Pharmaceutical trends, Treatment Outcome, beta-Lactamases pharmacology, beta-Lactamases therapeutic use, Guidelines as Topic, beta-Lactamases administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Beta-lactam antibiotics (βLA) are the most commonly used antibiotics in the intensive care unit (ICU). ICU patients present many pathophysiological features that cause pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) specificities, leading to the risk of underdosage. The French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT) and the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR) have joined forces to provide guidelines on the optimization of beta-lactam treatment in ICU patients., Methods: A consensus committee of 18 experts from the two societies had the mission of producing these guidelines. The entire process was conducted independently of any industry funding. A list of questions formulated according to the PICO model (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes) was drawn-up by the experts. Then, two bibliographic experts analysed the literature published since January 2000 using predefined keywords according to PRISMA recommendations. The quality of the data identified from the literature was assessed using the GRADE® methodology. Due to the lack of powerful studies having used mortality as main judgement criteria, it was decided, before drafting the recommendations, to formulate only "optional" recommendations., Results: After two rounds of rating and one amendment, a strong agreement was reached by the SFPT-SFAR guideline panel for 21 optional recommendations and a recapitulative algorithm for care covering four areas: (i) pharmacokinetic variability, (ii) PK-PD relationship, (iii) administration modalities, and (iv) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The most important recommendations regarding βLA administration in ICU patients concerned (i) the consideration of the many sources of PK variability in this population; (ii) the definition of free plasma concentration between four and eight times the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the causative bacteria for 100% of the dosing interval as PK-PD target to maximize bacteriological and clinical responses; (iii) the use of continuous or prolonged administration of βLA in the most severe patients, in case of high MIC bacteria and in case of lower respiratory tract infection to improve clinical cure; and (iv) the use of TDM to improve PK-PD target achievement., Conclusions: The experts strongly suggest the use of personalized dosing, continuous or prolonged infusion and therapeutic drug monitoring when administering βLA in critically ill patients.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
162. HIV-1 escape in the central nervous system on elvitegravir-based antiretroviral therapy.
- Author
-
Guerveno C, Raymond S, Metsu D, Gandia P, Izopet J, Martin-Blondel G, and Delobel P
- Subjects
- Anti-Retroviral Agents blood, Anti-Retroviral Agents cerebrospinal fluid, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain pathology, Cerebrospinal Fluid chemistry, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Plasma chemistry, Quinolones blood, Quinolones cerebrospinal fluid, Viral Load, AIDS Dementia Complex drug therapy, AIDS Dementia Complex virology, Anti-Retroviral Agents administration & dosage, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active methods, Central Nervous System virology, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Quinolones administration & dosage
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
163. Isavuconazole Kinetic Exploration for Clinical Practice.
- Author
-
Darnaud L, Lamoureux F, Godet C, Pontier S, Debard A, Venisse N, Martins P, Concordet D, and Gandia P
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Antifungal Agents metabolism, Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A genetics, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Nitriles administration & dosage, Nitriles metabolism, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics, Pyridines administration & dosage, Pyridines metabolism, Triazoles administration & dosage, Triazoles metabolism, Antifungal Agents pharmacokinetics, Nitriles pharmacokinetics, Pyridines pharmacokinetics, Triazoles pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Background: Isavuconazole is a new antifungal prodrug for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. As no clear pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship has been established for patients, therapeutic drug monitoring is not currently required. However, as isavuconazole is a new drug, clinicians are sometimes sceptical about the exposure achieved in their patients and seek pharmacokinetic exploration. A minimal response consists of determining that the patient's pharmacokinetic profile agrees with profiles reported by Desai et al. using concentrations from the SECURE study., Methods: Based on one concentration and Desai et al.'s population-pharmacokinetic model, it is possible to estimate a patient's most likely pharmacokinetic profile. If a patient's pharmacokinetic profile is close to the profiles reported by Desai et al., therapeutic drug monitoring is not required. In contrast, when the pharmacokinetic profile differs from the Desai et al. profiles, isavuconazole concentration monitoring and pharmacokinetic profile modeling are the only methods for obtaining information on a patient's exposure and the efficacy of isavuconazole., Results: Four patients presented with surprising pharmacokinetic profiles, unexplained by drug interactions or cytochrome P450 3A4/5 polymorphisms. For two of them, a drug dosage adjustment was proposed and applied by clinicians, together with a check for a new pharmacokinetic profile a few days later., Conclusions: Collecting one blood sample just before the first maintenance dose to make an early estimation of the patient's most likely pharmacokinetic profile is one method of identifying patients with outlier pharmacokinetic behavior.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
164. Quinine unbound concentration is the best marker for therapeutic drug monitoring.
- Author
-
de Pablos-Martinez C, Porte L, Fraissinet F, Berry A, Séraissol P, Lavit M, Chatelut E, Concordet D, and Gandia P
- Subjects
- Antimalarials blood, Area Under Curve, Humans, Protein Binding, Quinine blood, Antimalarials pharmacokinetics, Drug Monitoring, Malaria drug therapy, Quinine pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Quinine monitoring should be based on unbound concentration due to variable unbound fraction in malaria patients., (Copyright © 2016 Société française de pharmacologie et de thérapeutique. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
165. Comparison of the exposure of mycophenolate mofetil and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in recipients of kidney-pancreas transplantation.
- Author
-
Belliere J, Esposito L, Gandia P, Duffas JP, Sallusto F, Cardeau-Desangles I, Del Bello A, Rostaing L, and Kamar N
- Subjects
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 surgery, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 surgery, Diabetic Nephropathies surgery, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroparesis drug therapy, Graft Rejection drug therapy, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents administration & dosage, Male, Middle Aged, Mycophenolic Acid administration & dosage, Mycophenolic Acid pharmacokinetics, Retrospective Studies, Tablets, Enteric-Coated administration & dosage, Young Adult, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacokinetics, Kidney Transplantation, Mycophenolic Acid analogs & derivatives, Pancreas Transplantation, Tablets, Enteric-Coated pharmacokinetics
- Abstract
Background: Patients with a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKT), especially those with gastroparesis, often have gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders that can modify immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics. We compared the MPA 12-hours area under the curve (AUC(0-12)) in SKPT patients with severe gastroparesis receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS)., Material/methods: Fifteen SKPT patients having a severe gastroparesis were switched, at 182 (69-1523) days post-transplantation, from MMF to EC-MPS because of GI disorders. MPA AUC(0-12) values were obtained before and after the switch, ie, under MMF (500 mg b.i.d.) at 169 (51-1522) days post-transplantation and EC-MPS (360 mg b.i.d.) at 102 (26-355) days after the switch., Results: Mean MPA AUC(0-12) h did not differ significantly under MMF and EC-MPS, ie, 40.13±14 and 38.24±15.5 mg*h/L, respectively. Trough and maximal MPA concentrations were similar with both MPA formulations. Although all patients had GI disorders under MMF (100%), only 3 had persistent GI disorders under EC-MPS (20%) (p<0.001)., Conclusions: In SKPT patients with severe gastroparesis, exposure to MPA is similar under MMF and EC-MPS. However, the incidence of GI disorders is significantly lower when patients are given EC-MPS.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
166. [Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated radiographic contrast agents: an update].
- Author
-
Khachman D, Gandia P, Sallerin F, and Mailly N
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Contrast Media chemistry, Drug Hypersensitivity therapy, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed epidemiology, Hypersensitivity, Delayed therapy, Hypersensitivity, Immediate epidemiology, Hypersensitivity, Immediate therapy, Iodine Compounds chemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Contrast Media adverse effects, Drug Hypersensitivity epidemiology, Iodine Compounds adverse effects
- Abstract
Diagnostic and interventional radiology of patients is nowadays crucial with increasing requirement for iodinated contrast agents infusion. Besides adverse reactions after administration of the iodinated contrast agents due to their toxicity, immediate hypersensitivity reactions and reactions resembling delayed hypersensitivity appearing from 1 hour to several days later, have been reported. Patients at high risk to develop such adverse events have to be detected on the basis of their risk factors in order to prevent or limit serious outcomes. Previous reactions to contrast media, asthma, atopy and cardiovascular disorders are risk factors for anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. Female gender, age and beta-blockers increase the severity. This article aims to summarize the risk of allergic reactions related to the use of iodinated contrast agents and to suggest a way for diagnosis, treatment and prevention according to each clinical situation.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
167. A bioavailability study comparing two oral formulations containing zinc (Zn bis-glycinate vs. Zn gluconate) after a single administration to twelve healthy female volunteers.
- Author
-
Gandia P, Bour D, Maurette JM, Donazzolo Y, Duchène P, Béjot M, and Houin G
- Subjects
- Absorption, Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Area Under Curve, Biological Availability, Cross-Over Studies, Female, Gluconates administration & dosage, Gluconates blood, Glycine administration & dosage, Glycine blood, Glycine pharmacokinetics, Humans, Gluconates pharmacokinetics, Glycine analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
As the current nutritional zinc intake frequently falls outside the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) and as zinc is an essential trace mineral involved in the function of many enzymes, zinc supplementation has been recommended to prevent or treat the adverse effects of zinc deficiency. The aim of the present study was to compare the oral bioavailability of zinc bis-glycinate (a new formulation) with zinc gluconate (reference formulation). A randomized, cross-over study was conducted in 12 female volunteers. The two products were administrated orally at the single dose of 15 mg (7.5 mg x 2), with a 7-day wash-out period between the two tests. Serum concentrations of zinc were assayed by a validated inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method and C(max), T(max), and areas-under-the-curve (AUCs) were determined. The comparison between the two treatments was performed by comparing the C(max), AUC(t), and AUC(inf) using an analysis of variance followed by the calculation of the 90% confidence intervals of the ratio test/reference. Bis-glycinate administration was safe and well tolerated and bis-glycinate significantly increased the oral bioavailability of zinc (+43.4%) compared with the gluconate.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
168. The perfused everted intestinal segment of rat. 1st communication: absorption kinetics of markers of different permeation mechanisms.
- Author
-
Gandia P, Lacombe O, Woodley J, and Houin G
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Animals, Antipyrine pharmacokinetics, Cardiotonic Agents pharmacokinetics, Digoxin pharmacokinetics, In Vitro Techniques, Mannitol pharmacokinetics, Models, Biological, Perfusion, Permeability, Proteins metabolism, Rats, Intestinal Absorption physiology, Intestines physiology
- Abstract
The optimisation of the intestinal absorption of drugs represents one of the most important steps in the development of new pharmacologically active products. Several in vitro models are commonly used to study the mechanisms involved in drug absorption and all have advantages and disadvantages, notably they are often very static, and rarely take into account the intestinal motility and blood flow. The aim of this project was to validate a new ex vivo/in vitro model to study drug absorption, the perfused everted intestinal segment of rat, using three absorption markers: antipyrine (CAS 60-80-0) for passive transcellular diffusion, mannitol (CAS 69-65-8) for the paracellular diffusion and digoxin (CAS 20830-75-5) as a P-glycoprotein substrate. The mean apparent permeabilities (P(app)) for the markers were 6.07 (+/- 0.99) x 10(-5), 8.79 (+/- 0.28) x 10(-6) and 3.1 (+/- 0.85) x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively. The model is simple to establish and gives excellent absorption kinetics (r2 > 0.99), providing a valuable tool to study drug absorption during preclinical development, and subsequently the effects of different pharmaceutical formulations on that absorption.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
169. Cryptorchidism: incidence, risk factors, and potential role of environment; an update.
- Author
-
Thonneau PF, Gandia P, and Mieusset R
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Incidence, Male, Risk Factors, Cryptorchidism epidemiology, Cryptorchidism etiology, Environmental Pollution adverse effects
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.