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International audience; A detailed analysis of Q3 NMR spectra acquired based on spatial frequency encoding is presented. Please check this proof carefully. Our staff will not read it in detail after you have returned it. Translation errors between word-processor files and typesetting systems can occur so the whole proof needs to be read. Please pay particular attention to: tabulated material; equations; numerical data; figures and graphics; and references. If you have not already indicated the corresponding author(s) please mark their name(s) with an asterisk. Please e-mail a list of corrections or the PDF with electronic notes attached-do not change the text within the PDF file or send a revised manuscript. Corrections at this stage should be minor and not involve extensive changes. All corrections must be sent at the same time. Please bear in mind that minor layout improvements, e.g. in line breaking, table widths and graphic placement, are routinely applied to the final version. Please note that, in the typefaces we use, an italic vee looks like this: n, and a Greek nu looks like this: n. We will publish articles on the web as soon as possible after receiving your corrections; no late corrections will be made.

The magnetic field dependence of spatial frequency encoding NMR techniques is addressed through a detailed analysis of (1)H NMR spectra acquired under spatial frequency encoding on an oligomeric saccharide sample. In particular, the influence of the strength of the static magnetic field on spectral and spatial resolutions that are key features of this method is investigated. For this purpose, we report the acquisition of correlation experiments implementing broadband homodecoupling or J-edited spin evolutions, and we discuss the resolution enhancements that are provided by these techniques at two different magnetic fields. We show that performing these experiments at higher field improves the performance of high resolution NMR techniques based on a spatial frequency encoding. The significant resolution enhancements observed on the correlation spectra acquired at very high field make them valuable analytical tools that are suitable for the assignment of (1)H chemical shifts and scalar couplings in molecules with highly crowded spectrum such as carbohydrates.

Cyclic homologated amino acids are important building blocks for the construction of helical foldamers. N-aminoazetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AAzC), an aza analogue of trans-2-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acid (tACBC), displays a strong hydrazino turn conformational feature, which is proposed to act as an 8-helix primer. tACBC oligomers bearing a single N-terminal AAzC residue were studied to evaluate the ability of AAzC to induce and support an 8-helix along the oligopeptide length. While tACBC homooligomers assume a dominant 12-helix conformation, the aza-primed oligomers preferentially adopt a stabilized 8-helix conformation for an oligomer length up to 6 residues. The (formal) single-atom exchange at the N terminus of a tACBC oligomer thus contributes to the sustainability of the 8-helix, which resists the switch to a 12-helix. This effect illustrates atomic-level programmable design for fine tuning of peptide foldamer architectures.

A new correlation experiment cited as "push-G-SERF" is reported. In the resulting phased 2D spectrum, the chemical shift information is selected along the direct dimension, whereas scalar couplings involving a selected proton nucleus are edited in the indirect domain. The robustness of this pulse sequence is demonstrated on compounds with increasing structural and spectral complexity, using state-of-the-art spectrometers. It allows for full resolution of both dimensions of the spectrum, yielding a straightforward assignment and measurement of the coupling network around a given proton in the molecule. This experiment is intended for chemists who want to address efficiently the structural analysis of molecules with an overcrowded spectrum.

This report examines which conditions determine whether or not businesses and individuals will make their activities more nature-inclusive and what options there are to improve the opportunities for scaling them up. The study was limited to nature-inclusive social initiatives, in particular those taken by businesses and entrepreneurs, focusing on initiatives in four economic domains: nature-inclusive farming, urban agriculture, the construction industry and the holiday accommodation sector. The initiatives examined are not cases studies as such, but more in the way of interesting practices from which conclusions can be drawn. To supplement this, some overarching conclusions and recommendations have also been formulated. The analytical framework used in the study was a combination of the transition and policy arrangement approaches. The research was an explorative study based on a document analysis, interviews and group discussions with stakeholders who have a good grasp of the trend in nature-inclusive practices in their sectors, rather than detailed knowledge of specific initiatives. The main conclusions of the overarching analysis are: 1) that the scaling up of natureinclusiveness in economic sectors would benefit if businesses and government embraced a strategic vision, and 2) that a networking and responsive government can promote cooperation between businesses and social actors. In dit rapport wordt ingegaan op de vraag welke condities bepalen of maatschappelijke initiatieven van bedrijven en burgers meer natuurinclusief worden en welke opties er zijn om de kansen voor opschaling te vergroten. Het onderzoek heeft zich beperkt tot natuurinclusieve maatschappelijke initiatieven en in het bijzonder die van ondernemers en ondernemingen. Het onderzoek focuste vervolgens op initiatieven in vier economische domeinen: natuurinclusieve landbouw, de stadslandbouw, de bouw en de verblijfsrecreatieve sector. Dit zijn niet zozeer cases als op zichzelf waardevolle praktijken waar conclusies op geformuleerd zijn. In aanvulling daarop zijn ook overkoepelende conclusies en aanbevelingen geformuleerd. Hiervoor is gebruik gemaakt van een combinatie van de transitie- en beleidsarrangementenbenadering als analytisch kader. Het onderzoek betreft een exploratieve studie op basis van documenten-analyse, interviews en groepsgesprekken met betrokkenen die de ontwikkelingen op gebied van natuurinclusief handelen binnen hun sector overzien en die verder gaat dan afzonderlijke initiatieven. De hoofdconclusies van de overkoepelende analyse zijn 1) dat de opschaling van natuurinclusiviteit in economische sectoren gebaat is bij een door overheden en bedrijven omarmde strategische visie en 2) dat een netwerkende en responsieve overheid de samenwerking tussen bedrijven en maatschappelijke actoren kan bevorderen.

Bij besluitvorming over ingrijpende ruimtelijke investeringen worden maatschappelijke kosten-batenanalyses (MKBA's) gehanteerd. De inbreng van landschapsexpertise hierin kan op twee manieren verbeterd worden. Allereerst kan meer landschapsexpertise worden ingezet in de fase waarin plannen worden voorbereid. Daarnaast kunnen de opstellers van MKBA’s bij de bepaling van effecten vaker de bestaande landschapswaarderingsmodellen inzetten. Meer inzet van landschapsexpertise in de voorbereidende MKBA-fase De inbreng van landschapsexpertise in de voorbereidende fase maakt het mogelijk om landschapseffecten in de volle breedte, samenhang en in de juiste, gebiedspecifieke, context mee te wegen. Met de inzet van expertkennis in de planvormingsfase, bijvoorbeeld in de vorm van een kwaliteitsteam, is al de nodige ervaring opgedaan, maar het is in MKBA’s zeker nog niet gebruikelijk. Een dergelijke aanpak kan versterkt worden door een leergemeenschap Landschap & MKBA te starten waarin alle betrokken bij het opstellen van MKBA’s hun ervaringen delen. Benut bestaande landschapswaarderingsmodellen bij effectbepaling Er zijn enkele goed gevalideerde modellen beschikbaar die tot nu toe nauwelijks gebruikt zijn bij MKBA’s. De effectbepaling is te versterken door modellen in te zetten die de uitgesproken landschapsvoorkeuren van bewoners en bezoekers voorspellen op basis van fysieke landschapskenmerken. Als het wenselijk is om landschapseffecten te monetariseren, dan zijn meer gebiedspecifieke studies noodzakelijk die ook de impactpopulatie betrouwbaar ramen.

Probing scalar couplings are essential for structural elucidation in molecular (bio)chemistry. While the measurement of JHH couplings is facilitated by SERF experiments, overcrowded signals represent a significant limitation. Here, a new band selective pure shift SERF allows access to δ(1)H and JHH with an ultrahigh spectral resolution.

Six-membered ring fused furans containing a tetrasubstituted tertiary carbon were prepared in an unprecedented one-pot BODIPY-catalyzed domino photooxygenation/reduction process. A series of functionalized furans was synthesized from readily available 2-alkenylphenols and mechanistic studies were performed to account for the domino photosensitized oxygenation.

This revised and updated handbook includes detailed information on all 615 conifers, temperate as well as tropical, this encyclopedic work offers users as diverse as ecologists, gardeners, foresters and conservationists the accumulated knowledge of these trees obtained in 35 years of academic research, presented in an easily searchable format.

We report the application of pure shift and J-edited nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies to the structural analysis of a protected maltotrioside synthetic intermediate whose crowded 1 H spectrum displays highly crowded regions. The analytical strategy is based on the implementation of J-edited and TOCSY experiments whose resolution is optimized by the use of broadband homonuclear decoupling and selective refocusing techniques, to assign and measure chemical shifts and homonuclear scalar couplings with high accuracy. The resulting data show a high level of complementarity, providing a detailed insight into each subunit of this oligomeric saccharide, even for proton sites whose nuclear magnetic resonance signals strongly overlap. This approach allowed for fully assigning proton chemical shifts and extracting 80% of the 3 JHH couplings that are in excellent agreement with those expected for D-gluco-pyranosyl units in 4 C1 conformations.

This revised and updated handbook includes detailed information on all 615 conifers, temperate as well as tropical, this encyclopedic work offers users as diverse as ecologists, gardeners, foresters and conservationists the accumulated knowledge of these trees obtained in 35 years of academic research, presented in an easily searchable format.

Pyridylmethylamines or pma are versatile platforms for different catalytic transformations. Five pma-ligands and their respective Pd complexes have been studied by liquid state NMR. By comparing 1H, 13C and 15N chemical shifts for each pma/pma–Pd couple, a general trend for the metallacycle atoms concerns variations of the electronic distribution at the pendant arm, especially at the nitrogen atom of the ligand. Moreover, the increase of the chemical shift of the pendant arm nitrogen atom from primary to tertiary amine is also related to the increase of crowding within the complex. This statement is in good agreement with X-ray data collected for several complexes. Catalytic results for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction involving the pma–Pd complexes showed within this series that a sterically crowded and electron-rich ligand in the metallacycle was essential to reach the coupling product with a good selectivity. In this context, NMR study of chemical shifts of all active nuclei especially in the metallacycle could give a trend of reactivity in the studied family of pma–Pd complexes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Summary The distribution, history, taxonomy, ecology, uses and cultivation of Cupressus torulosa D. Don, a native of the Himalaya and adjacent areas, are discussed, and a full description, a distribution map and illustrations are provided.

European landscapes contain a rich natural diversity that is cherished by many citizens. Protection of this diversity is laid down in policy strategies on European and national levels. Nevertheless, a recent review of the EU Biodiversity Strategy showed that additional efforts are needed to achieve the targets for 2020. Even more effort is required to realise the 2050 vision – which is to protect, value and restore EU biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides. People consider ‘nature’ to constitute landscapes, ecosystems and biodiversity. Recent reviews and trend analyses have shown there to be three overall challenges for the coming decades, with respect to nature conservation: ensuring sufficient space and favourable conditions for nature, improving nature considerations in economic sectors, and encouraging people’s engagement in naturerelated efforts. For this study, we explored four ‘perspectives’ on nature in 2050, with the aim to inform a future agenda for nature policies beyond 2020. The rationale behind working with perspectives is that broadening the concept of nature may lead to greater citizen and business engagement in efforts that would benefit nature. The perspectives on nature cover a range of guiding values about nature protection and describe what people perceive to be nature: In Strengthening Cultural Identity, people feel connected with nature and landscape, and consider this an integral part of their local and regional communities and essential to a fulfilling life. In Allowing Nature to Find its Way, people feel strongly about the great intrinsic value of natural processes and species, and they define nature by its dynamic processes and believe it should be left to its own devices. In Going with the Economic Flow, nature must suit people’s lifestyles, and businesses and individual citizens take the initiative in nature development. In Working with Nature, people try to work with natural processes and strive for an optimal, long-term delivery of ecosystem services, for the benefit of both society and the economy.

International audience; The combination of standard techniques with high resolution and sensitivity enhanced advanced techniques allowed for characterizing and quantifying sugar phosphates in plants biomarkers of photorespiration and photosynthesis in plants.The analysis of complex mixtures by NMR is a challenge in (bio) chemistry due to signal overcrowding making the analysis difficult. Thus, new advanced quantitative 2D NMR techniques that lead to better resolved and more intense signals have been applied to extracts of plants for tracking biomarkers of the photosynthesis and photorespiration cycles.

This study set out to measure what influence the type of environment has on how happy people say they feel at a certain moment in time, with the aim of formulating rules for quantifying the effect of spatial changes on wellbeing. A smartphone app was developed for use by a broad sample population in the Netherlands, with push notifications prompting people to report how they felt at a certain moment. From 1 May to 28 July of 2016, 4318 unique participants made use of this HappyHier app, filling in at least one questionnaire on location. The results show that people are happier outdoors than indoors. And when they are outdoors, they are happier in predominantly natural surroundings than in more built-up areas. Moreover, from the ratings given to the surroundings, it can be concluded that they have a more positive effect when the participants found them more restful or stimulating. People’s impressions of the beauty of their surroundings had less influence Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd om de invloed van het type omgeving op hoe gelukkig mensen zich op een bepaald moment voelen te meten om zo rekenregels te formuleren waarmee het effect van ruimtelijke veranderingen en ingrepen op dit welbevinden is te kwantificeren. Hiervoor is een smartphone app uitgezet onder een groot publiek, waarbij mensen op locatie gevraagd werd aan te geven hoe ze zich voelden. Tijdens de periode van 1 mei tot 28 juli 2016 hebben 4318 unieke deelnemers gebruik gemaakt van de HappyHier app, dat wil zeggen ze hebben ten minste één vragenlijst op locatie ingevuld. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat mensen buiten gelukkiger zijn dan binnen. En als ze buiten zijn, zijn ze gelukkiger in een omgeving die overwegend natuurlijk is dan in een overwegend bebouwde omgeving. Ook kan, op grond van beoordelingen van de omgeving, geconcludeerd worden dat de omgeving een positiever effect op het momentane geluk heeft naarmate die omgeving door de respondent als rustgevender en/of als boeiender is beoordeeld. Hoe mooi men de omgeving vindt, een oordeel dat in veel belevingsonderzoek centraal staat, lijkt minder van belang

Halting biodiversity loss and restoring ecosystems in the EU requires substantial action, in addition to measures currently implemented under the Birds and Habitats Directives. A closer connection between societal preferences and nature policy may enhance people’s engagement in nature-related efforts. However, people all have their own view on nature. In PBL’s Nature Outlook study, four ‘perspectives’ on nature in 2050 were explored to capture these differing views (Dammers et al., 2017; Van Zeijts et al., 2017). The perspectives cover a range of guiding values, expressing how people relate to nature and what interventions they would prefer to improve nature conservation. In this report, these interventions have been translated to a resulting state of the landscape regarding land use, land management and environmental conditions at the EU scale, in order to study their impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services in 2050. Moreover, potential synergies and conflicts between the various perspectives provide insight for policymakers into the possibilities for including various views on nature in policy-making, and may help set an agenda for nature policies beyond 2020. The four perspectives explored are: Strengthening Cultural Identity, in which people feel connected with nature and the landscape, and consider this an integral part of their local and regional communities and as essential to a fulfilling life; Allowing Nature to find its Way, in which people feel strongly about the great intrinsic value of nature, where nature is defined by dynamic processes and should be left to its own devices; Going with the Economic Flow, in which nature suits people’s lifestyles, and businesses and citizens take the initiative in nature development; Working with Nature, in which people try to use natural processes and strive for optimal, long-term delivery of ecosystem services, for the benefit of both society and the economy.

Throughout Europe, people experience and value nature in various ways, but they also experience the decline in biological diversity. Although successes have been achieved, nature policies have not been effective in all respects. Halting biodiversity loss and restoring ecological systems in the EU requires substantial action, in addition to current measures implemented under the EU Birds and Habitats Directives. More effective implementation, more coherence with other policies and greater engagement by other sectors and the public are needed. A closer connection between the ways in which people experience and value nature and nature policy may enhance their engagement in nature-related efforts. A more fundamental reflection on nature policies may be helpful. This has been done by PBL in its Nature Outlook study, which presents alternative ‘perspectives’ on the future of nature in the European Union. The synthesis report European nature in the plural1 is primarily intended to provide inspiration for current strategic discussions on EU policies that are related to nature beyond 2020, whereas the current report provides complete versions of the storylines and visualisations of the perspectives. Thereby, it enables policymakers and stakeholders to derive more specific insights and ideas from the perspectives. The report may be used to generate insights for policies, facilitate communication and boost engagement in nature among other sectors and citizens. In order to stimulate this, the report explains how policymakers and stakeholders could use the perspectives to create joint visions. The Nature Outlook project consists of a baseline, a trend scenario, four perspectives and several policy messages. These components have been constructed not only from literature review and visualisations, but also by using the results from a philosophers’ dialogue on the relationships between people and nature in Europe, as well as several stakeholder dialogues on the future of nature.

International audience; An efficient synthetic pathway leading to two carbonated analogues of ribavirin is described. The key-steps in the synthesis of these ribosyltriazoles bearing a quaternary carbon atom in the 2'-position are an indium-mediated alkynylation and a 1,3-dipolar cyclization.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in numerous domains where molecules are objects of investigation. However, major limitations of multidimensional NMR experiments come from their low sensitivity and from the long times needed for their acquisition. In order to overcome such limitations, fast repetition NMR techniques allowed for the reduction of 2D experimental time and for the conversion of the gained time into a higher number of scans leading to a better sensitivity. Thus, fast repetition 2D heteronuclear NMR techniques have allowed new advances in NMR, especially to access infomation on low abundant nuclei, to enhance the detection of low concentrated compounds and to probe weak interactions like hydrogen bonds at natural abundance. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A modified version of the IMPACT heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) has allowed the characterization of an organosilane and a tetrasilylated yttrium complex. With the help of this sequence, an average gain in sensitivity close to 2 has been obtained compared with the standard HMBC experiment for disilanes as well as for yttrium complexes containing silylated ligands. This modified version of this long-range correlation experiment opens the way for following kinetics in the range of a fraction of a minute and to study by NMR low concentrated samples and low abundant nuclei. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in numerous domains where molecules are objects of investigation. However, major limitations of multidimensional NMR experiments come from their low sensitivity and from the long times needed for their acquisition. In order to overcome such limitations, fast repetition NMR techniques allowed for the reduction of 2D experimental time and for the conversion of the gained time into a higher number of scans leading to a better sensitivity. Thus, fast repetition 2D heteronuclear NMR techniques have allowed new advances in NMR, especially to access infomation on low abundant nuclei, to enhance the detection of low concentrated compounds and to probe weak interactions like hydrogen bonds at natural abundance. Copyright © 2017 John WileySons, Ltd.

International audience; The influence of the strength of the static magnetic field on pulse sequences based on the concept of spatial frequency encoding is addressed. The evolution of the slice selection process occurring during encoded excitation and refocusing pulses, as well as pure shift and J-edited refocusing blocks, is studied both theoretically and experimentally on a model ABX 1 H spin system. It is shown that carrying out gradient-encoded pulse sequences at higher field enhances the quality of the spin dynamics that is locally triggered in each encoded slice and results in spectra of better resolution and sensitivity.

Universal primers were used for PCR amplification of three noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA in order to study restriction site variation in 12 Mexican pine species. Two length mutations were identified that are of diagnostic value for two subgenera or sections of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis of the restriction site and length variation showed patterns of variation largely consistent with previous arrangements of these pines, except for the position of Pinus nelsonii, indicating that Pinus section Parraya Mayr, as circumscribed by Little and Critchfield (1969) and later authors, is not a monophyletic group. © 1995 Springer-Verlag.

International audience; (ESI) available: Concentration calculations with the standard addition method. Experimental protocols for metabolites extraction and NMR details on quantitative experiments. QUIPU HSQC maps and RMSD on metabolites' concentrations in Arabidopsis leaves.. See

Desfonds-Farjon Laurence. Espèces protégées - Grands cormorans - Prolifération. Préjudices causés à une activité piscicole. Responsabilité pour faute de l’Etat (non). Responsabilité de l’Etat du fait des lois (oui) : prolifération des cormorans résultant notamment de la protection dont l’espèce bénéficie et de l’absence de mesures de limitation prises par l’Etat ; préjudice concernant exclusivement les pisciculteurs exerçant la pisciculture intensive en étang : caractère anormal et spécial du préjudice. Faute du demandeur qui n’a pas utilisé les autorisations de tir dont il pouvait bénéficier. Partage de responsabilité. Cour administrative d’appel de Lyon, 7 janvier 2011, EARL de l’Etang de Galetas, no 09LY02049, avec note. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°3, 2011. pp. 401-410.

An extensive study of herbarium specimens and literature of arborescent multiseed Junipers (Juniperus L. sect. Sabina (Mill.) Spach) from SW Asia and E Africa, in preparation of a monographic volume “Drawings and Descriptions of Cupressaceae”, has led to a substantially revised concept of taxa and their distribution. A total of 18 species and 7 varieties were previously recognized in this group; most turned out to be synonyms. J. foetidissima var. pindicola Formanek, J. macropoda Boiss., J. procera Hochst. ex Endl., J. sabinoides Griseb., J. schugnanica Komarov and J. semiglobosa Regel were lectotypified; J. polycarpos K. Koch has been neotypified. The following taxa answering to the above circumscription are here recognized for the area: J. excelsa M.-Bieb., J. excelsa subsp. polycarpos (K. Koch) Takhtajan, J. foetidissima Willd., J. semiglobosa Regel, J. phoenicea L. and J. procera Hochst. ex Endl.

Atomic-resolution information on the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids is essential for a better understanding of the mechanistic basis of many cellular processes. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids; however, solution NMR studies are currently limited to relatively small nucleic acids at high concentrations. Thus, technological and methodological improvements that increase the experimental sensitivity and spectral resolution of NMR spectroscopy are required for studies of larger nucleic acids or protein-nucleic acid complexes. Here we introduce a series of imino-proton-detected NMR experiments that yield over a 2-fold increase in sensitivity compared to conventional pulse schemes. These methods can be applied to the detection of base pair interactions, RNA-ligand titration experiments, measurement of residual dipolar 15N-1H couplings, as well as direct measurements of conformational transitions. These NMR experiments employ longitudinal spin relaxation enhancement techniques that have proven useful in protein NMR spectroscopy. The performance of these new experiments is demonstrated for a 10 kDa TAR-TAR*GA RNA kissing complex and a 26 kDa tRNA.