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151. Incidence, malignancy rates of diagnoses and cyto-histological correlations in the new Italian Reporting System for Thyroid Cytology: An institutional experience.

Author

Straccia, Patrizia, Santoro, Angela, Rossi, Ed, Brunelli, Chiara, Mosseri, Claudia, Musarra, Teresa, Pontecorvi, Alfredo, Lombardi, Celestino Pio, Fadda, Guido, Straccia P, Santoro A (ORCID:0000-0002-6964-5152), Brunelli C, Mosseri C, Musarra T, Pontecorvi A (ORCID:0000-0003-0570-6865), Lombardi CP (ORCID:0000-0001-8910-6693), Fadda G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2013-7293), Straccia, Patrizia, Santoro, Angela, Rossi, Ed, Brunelli, Chiara, Mosseri, Claudia, Musarra, Teresa, Pontecorvi, Alfredo, Lombardi, Celestino Pio, Fadda, Guido, Straccia P, Santoro A (ORCID:0000-0002-6964-5152), Brunelli C, Mosseri C, Musarra T, Pontecorvi A (ORCID:0000-0003-0570-6865), Lombardi CP (ORCID:0000-0001-8910-6693), and Fadda G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2013-7293)

Abstract

Incidence, malignancy rates of diagnoses and cyto-histological correlations in the new Italian Reporting System for Thyroid Cytology: An institutional experience

Published
2017

152. Monitoring the quality of laboratories and the prevalence of resistance to antituberculosis drugs: Italy, 1998–2000

Author

Migliori, G. B., Fattorini, L., Vaccarino, R., Besozzi, G., Saltini, C., Orefici, G., Iona, E., Matteelli, A., Fiorentini, F., Codecasa, L. R., Casali, Lucio, Cassone, A., De Santis, A., Giorgio, V., Vinciguerra, P., Angarano, G., Petrozzi, L., Costa, D., Gozzellino, F., Perboni, A., Marchetti, D., Pascali, A., Falcone, F., Mariano, V., Rizza, F., Pretto, P., Turano, A., Carosi, G. P., Farris, A. G., Ligia, G. P., Orani, G., Farris, B., Foschi, C., Trucco, G., Aiolfi, S., Ceruti, T., Parpanesi, M., Calabro, S., Felisatti, G., Tortoli, E., Nutini, S., Montini, G., D'Ambrosio, V., Ceraminiello, A., Bernorio, S., Buono, L., Montesano, P., Vinci, E., Sabato, E., Gamba, S., Crepaldi, P., Magliano, E., Penati, V., Vaccarino, P., Astolfi, A., Bertoli, G., Rupianesi, F., Losi, M., Richeldi, L., Ferrara, Giovanni, Minuccio, E., Napolitano, G., Molinari, G. L., Saini, L., Garzone, A., Vertuccio, C., Marcias, S., Menozzi, M., Marone, P., Peona, V., Nascimbene, C., Pasi, A., Cascina, A., Monaco, A., Penza, O., Pasticci, Maria Bruna, Bistoni, F., Sposini, T., Colorizio, V., Confalonieri, M., Bottrighi, P., Macor, G., Moretti, G., Fatigante, R., Barbaro, A., Agati, G., Zaccara, F., Viola, S., Le Donne, R., Farinelli, G., Mancini, D., Ermeti, M., Longi, R., Tronci, M., Bisetti, A., Altieri, A., and Fadda, G.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Prevalence of resistance, Drug Resistance, Antitubercular Agents, Drug resistance, Proficiency testing, Drug, Immigrant, Susceptibility testing, Emigration and Immigration, Humans, Italy, Laboratories, Prevalence, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Internal medicine, medicine, Ethambutol, business.industry, Public health, Isoniazid, Bacterial, Multidrug-Resistant, medicine.disease, Surgery, Streptomycin, business, Multiple, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract

In 1998 a network of 20 regional tuberculosis (TB) laboratories (the Italian Multicentre Study on Resistance to Antituberculosis drugs (SMIRA) network) was established in Italy to implement proficiency testing and to monitor the prevalence of drug resistance nationwide. The network managed 30% of all TB cases reported in Italy each year. The aim of the present report is to describe: 1) the accuracy of drug-susceptibility testing in the network; 2) the prevalence of drug resistance for the period 1998-2000. Data were collected from the network laboratories. Sensitivity to streptomycin and ethambutol increased from the first survey (1998-1999) to the second survey (2000) from 87.7 to 91.9%. Specificity, predictive values for resistance and susceptibility, efficiency and reproducibility were consistent in both surveys. In previously untreated cases, the prevalence of multidrug-resistance was the same in both surveys (1.2%), while a slight decrease from the first to the second survey was observed for monoresistance to rifampicin (from 0.8 to 0.4%) and isoniazid (from 2.9 to 2%). The significant association found between isoniazid resistance and immigration is a useful indicator for both clinicians managing individual tuberculosis cases and public health services planning control strategies.

Published
2003
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153. Caspofungin activity against clinical isolates of azole cross-resistant Candida glabrata overexpressing efflux pump genes

Author

Posteraro, B, Sanguinetti, M, Fiori, B, La Sorda, M, Spanu, T, Sanglard, D, Fadda, G., Posteraro B (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Sanguinetti M (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Fiori B (ORCID:0000-0003-3318-5809), La Sorda M, Spanu T (ORCID:0000-0003-1864-5184), Fadda G., Posteraro, B, Sanguinetti, M, Fiori, B, La Sorda, M, Spanu, T, Sanglard, D, Fadda, G., Posteraro B (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Sanguinetti M (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Fiori B (ORCID:0000-0003-3318-5809), La Sorda M, Spanu T (ORCID:0000-0003-1864-5184), and Fadda G.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have documented the potent in vitro activity of caspofungin against Candida spp. This is of special concern for Candida glabrata infections that are often resistant to many azole antifungal agents and, consequently, difficult to treat. The aim of the present study was to expand the data on the in vitro activity of caspofungin against azole-resistant isolates of C. glabrata. METHODS: A total of 50 clinical isolates of C. glabrata were tested for susceptibility to caspofungin. The isolates were cross-resistant to multiple azoles, including fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole. Expression of the resistance-related CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 genes was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The MICs of caspofungin were determined by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A2 reference method. RESULTS: C. glabrata isolates exhibited increased expression of the CDR efflux pump(s), and this was in accordance with their high-level azole resistance. In contrast, all the isolates were highly susceptible to caspofungin (100% of isolates were inhibited at

Published
2006

154. Hydrogen-bonded aggregates in the mixtures of piperidine with water: Thermodynamic, SANS and theoretical studies

Author

Marczak W., Hołaj-Krzak J., Lodowski P., Almásy L., and Fadda G.

Abstract

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Structures resembling semiclathrates probably arise in liquid aqueous solutions of piperidine at the amine mole fraction below 0.03. With the increasing concentration, the structures gradually decay, but the 1:1 complexes of piperidine with water remain linked one to another through the OH⋯O bonds between the hydration water molecules. A periodic order of the bicontinuous microemulsion type occurs in the range of the mole fractions from 0.08 to 0.5. In the piperidine-rich mixtures, the 1:1 complexes are dispersed uniformly in the amine. Relatively low stabilization energy of these complexes probably causes that piperidine is totally miscible with water.

Published
2015

155. Mechanisms of azole resistance in clinical isolates of Candida glabrata collected during a hospital survey of antifungal resistance.

Author

Sanguinetti, M, Posteraro, B, Fiori, B, Ranno, S, Torelli, R, Fadda, G., Sanguinetti M (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Posteraro B (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Fiori B (ORCID:0000-0003-3318-5809), Ranno S, Torelli R, Fadda G., Sanguinetti, M, Posteraro, B, Fiori, B, Ranno, S, Torelli, R, Fadda, G., Sanguinetti M (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Posteraro B (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Fiori B (ORCID:0000-0003-3318-5809), Ranno S, Torelli R, and Fadda G.

Abstract

The increasing use of azole antifungals for the treatment of mucosal and systemic Candida glabrata infections has resulted in the selection and/or emergence of resistant strains. The main mechanisms of azole resistance include alterations in the C. glabrata ERG11 gene (CgERG11), which encodes the azole target enzyme, and upregulation of the CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 genes, which encode efflux pumps. In the present study, we evaluated these molecular mechanisms in 29 unmatched clinical isolates of C. glabrata, of which 20 isolates were resistant and 9 were susceptible dose dependent (S-DD) to fluconazole. These isolates were recovered from separate patients during a 3-year hospital survey for antifungal resistance. Four of the 20 fluconazole-resistant isolates were analyzed together with matched susceptible isolates previously taken from the same patients. Twenty other azole-susceptible clinical C. glabrata isolates were included as controls. MIC data for all the fluconazole-resistant isolates revealed extensive cross-resistance to the other azoles tested, i.e., itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that CgCDR1 and CgCDR2, alone or in combination, were upregulated at high levels in all but two fluconazole-resistant isolates and, to a lesser extent, in the fluconazole-S-DD isolates. In addition, slight increases in the relative level of expression of CgSNQ2 (which encodes an ATP-binding cassette [ABC] transporter and which has not yet been shown to be associated with azole resistance) were seen in some of the 29 isolates studied. Interestingly, the two fluconazole-resistant isolates expressing normal levels of CgCDR1 and CgCDR2 exhibited increased levels of expression of CgSNQ2. Conversely, sequencing of CgERG11 and analysis of its expression showed no mutation or upregulation in any C. glabrata isolate, suggesting that CgERG11 is not involved in azole resistance. When the isolates were grown in the presence of fluconazole, t

Published
2005

156. Characterization of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from Italy by the BD Phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method

Author

Sanguinetti, M, Posteraro, B, Spanu, T, Ciccaglione, D, Romano, L, Fiori, B, Nicoletti, G, Zanetti, S, Fadda, G., Sanguinetti M (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Posteraro B (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Spanu T (ORCID:0000-0003-1864-5184), Romano L, Fiori B (ORCID:0000-0003-3318-5809), Fadda G., Sanguinetti, M, Posteraro, B, Spanu, T, Ciccaglione, D, Romano, L, Fiori, B, Nicoletti, G, Zanetti, S, Fadda, G., Sanguinetti M (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Posteraro B (ORCID:0000-0002-1663-7546), Spanu T (ORCID:0000-0003-1864-5184), Romano L, Fiori B (ORCID:0000-0003-3318-5809), and Fadda G.

Abstract

Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: Identification of ESBLs based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. The Phoenix ESBL test (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, Md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria. An algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefotaxime plus clavulanic acid, cefpodoxime, and ceftriaxone plus clavulanic acid) was used to test 510 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Morganella morganii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, and Citrobacter koseri. Of these isolates, 319 were identified as ESBL producers, and the remaining 191 were identified as non-ESBL producers based on the results of current phenotypic tests. Combined use of isoelectric focusing, PCR, and/or DNA sequencing demonstrated that 288 isolates possessed bla(TEM-1)- and/or bla(SHV-1)-derived genes, and 28 had a bla(CTX-M) gene. Among the 191 non-ESBL-producing isolates, 77 isolates produced an AmpC-type enzyme, 110 isolates possessed TEM-1, TEM-2, or SHV-1 beta-lactamases, and the remaining four isolates (all K. oxytoca strains) hyperproduced K1 chromosomal beta-lactamase. The Phoenix ESBL test system gave positive results for all the 319 ESBL-producing isolates and also for two of the four K1-hyperproducing isolates of K. oxytoca. Compared with the phenotypic tests and molecular analyses, the Phoenix system displayed 100% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity. These findings suggest that the Phoenix ESBL test can be a rapid and reliable method for laboratory detection of ESBL resistance in gram-negative bacteria.

Published
2003

159. The impact of FNAC in the management of salivary gland lesions: Institutional experiences leading to a risk-based classification scheme

Author

Rossi, Esther, Wong, L. Q., Bizzarro, Tommaso, Petrone, Gianluigi, Mule, A., Fadda, Guido, Baloch, Z. M., Rossi Esther (ORCID:0000-0003-3819-4229), Petrone G., Fadda G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2013-7293), Rossi, Esther, Wong, L. Q., Bizzarro, Tommaso, Petrone, Gianluigi, Mule, A., Fadda, Guido, Baloch, Z. M., Rossi Esther (ORCID:0000-0003-3819-4229), Petrone G., and Fadda G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2013-7293)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has proven its value as an essential step in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although the majority of salivary gland lesions, especially those that are common and benign, can be diagnosed with ease on FNAC, limited cellularity and morphologic lesion heterogeneity can pose diagnostic challenges and lead to false-positive and false-negative diagnoses. This study presents the institutional experience of FNAC of salivary gland lesions from 2 academic centers. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1729 salivary gland FNAC specimens that were diagnosed over an 8-year period from January 2008 to March 2015. All samples were processed either with liquid-based cytology alone or in combination with air-dried, Diff-Quik–stained or alcohol-fixed, Papanicolaou-stained smears. RESULTS: Surgical excision was performed in 709 of 1749 FNACs (41%) that were diagnosed as nondiagnostic/inadequate (n = 29), benign (n = 111), neoplasm (n = 453), atypical (n = 15), suspicious for malignancy (n = 28), and malignant (n = 73). The overall concordance between cytologic and histologic diagnoses was 92.2%, with 91.8% concordance in the benign category and 89.5% concordance in cases diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy and malignant. The most frequent benign and malignant lesions were pleomorphic adenoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. There were 46 false-negative and 13 false-positive results, leading to an overall specificity of 97.6% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%. CONCLUSIONS: FNAC is a reliable diagnostic modality for the diagnosis and management of salivary gland lesions based on its high specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:388–96. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Published
2016

160. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP): A changing paradigm in thyroid surgical pathology and implications for thyroid cytopathology

Author

Baloch, Z. W., Seethala, R. R., Faquin, W. C., Papotti, M. G., Basolo, F., Fadda, Guido, Randolph, G. W., Hodak, S. P., Nikiforov, Y. E., Mandel, S. J., Fadda G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2013-7293), Baloch, Z. W., Seethala, R. R., Faquin, W. C., Papotti, M. G., Basolo, F., Fadda, Guido, Randolph, G. W., Hodak, S. P., Nikiforov, Y. E., Mandel, S. J., and Fadda G. (ORCID:0000-0003-2013-7293)

Abstract

The change in the diagnosis of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (ie, not carcinoma) will have significant impact on the risk of malignancy for categories according to The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, and especially for the indeterminate categories.

Published
2016

162. Analysis of immunocytochemical and molecular BRAF expression in thyroid carcinomas: A cytohistologic institutional experience

Author

Rossi, Ed, Martini, M, Capodimonti, S, Cenci, T, Straccia, P, Angrisani, B, Ricci, C, Lanza, P, Lombardi, Cp, Pontecorvi, A, Larocca, Lm, and Fadda, G

Subjects
Adult, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Settore MED/08 - ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA, Biopsy, Needle, Middle Aged, THYROID CYTOLOGY, Young Adult, BRAF mutation, BRAF MUTATION, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, VE1 immunomarker, immunochemistry, Humans, Female, liquid-based cytology, Prospective Studies, Thyroid Neoplasms, thyroid papillary carcinoma, Aged
Abstract

It has been generally demonstrated that the valine-to-glutamic acid substitution at position 600 (V600E) in the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene is an effective diagnostic/prognostic marker mainly for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The detection of this mutation typically has been achieved using DNA-based techniques. The recently introduced monoclonal V600E antibody (clone VE1) is likely to be an alternative strategy for detecting this mutation in thyroid lesions. The authors investigated molecular and immunocytohistochemical BRAF analyses in a prospective series of samples from patients with PTC.Fifty-five prospective cytohistologic samples that were diagnosed as PTC were studied using both DNA BRAF testing and the VE1 antibody. The intensity of VE1 expression was graded from 0 (negative) to 3+ (strong).All diagnoses were histologically confirmed. In total, 37 samples with mutated BRAF and 18 samples with wild-type BRAF were reported with 100% cytohistologic concordance. Cytologic VE1 expression revealed 25 negative samples (including 16 with 0 expression and 9 with 1+ expression) and 30 positive samples (including 16 with 2+ expression and 14 with 3+ expression). On histology, there were 27 negative samples (20 with 0 expression and 7 with 1+ expression) and 28 positive samples (14 with 2+ expression and 14 with 3+ expression). Four specimens with the BRAF mutation had discrepancies in VE1 intensity between cytology and histology. Furthermore, 6 BRAF-mutated samples produced negative VE1 results.Although it has limitations, the VE1 antibody represents a feasible first-line approach for evaluating BRAF mutation status and may be a valid tool in the selection of samples for molecular analysis. The current report highlights the statistically significant difference between molecular and VE1 positivity in PTC (P .0001). Nevertheless, in the authors' experience, BRAF mutations are more accurate for identifying VE1-negative cases.

Published
2014

163. Calcitonin measurement in fine-needle aspirate washouts vs. cytologic examination for diagnosis of primary or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma

Author

DE CREA, C., RAFFAELLI, M., MACCORA, D., CARROZZA, C., CANU, G., FADDA, G., BELLANTONE, R., and LOMBARDI, C.P.

Subjects
Thyroid, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Calcitonin, Adolescent, US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Middle Aged, CYTOLOGY, THYROID CARCINOMA, CALCITONIN, Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine, Young Adult, Medullary thyroid carcinoma, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Thyroid Neoplasms, Cytology, Lymph node metastases, Aged
Abstract

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNAB-C) is able to detect approximately 63% of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The measurement of calcitonin in the needle washout (FNAB-CT) could improve its accuracy. Sixty-two FNAB-C were performed in 38 patients. Serum calcitonin (sCT) was measured before performing FNAB-C. After obtaining a FNAB-C specimen, the needle was washed with 0.5 ml of saline solution to obtain the CT washouts. Receiver operating characteristic (RO C) analysis identified the cut-offs of FNAB-CT and FNAB-CT/sCT. Eighteen MTC were found at final histology. RO C analysis indicated FNAB-CT10.4 pg/ml and FNABCT/ sCT1.39 as more accurate cut-off values. Overall accuracy, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were 85%, 100 and 83%, respectively, for FNAB-C, 97%, 100%, 96% for FNAB-CT and 90%, 83% and 93% for FNAB-CT/sCT. The integration of FNAB-C and FNAB-CT resulted in 98% overall accuracy, 100% PPV and 98% NPV; the integration of FNAB-C and FNAB-CT/sCT in 90% overall accuracy, 80% PPV and 95% NPV. One of 2 false negative FNAB-CT and one of 3 false negative FNAB CT/sCT were correctly diagnosed by FNAB-C. Eight of 9 non-diagnostic FNAB-C were correctly classified by FNAB-CT and 7 by FNAB CT/sCT. FNAB-CT should integrate but not replace FNAB-C. FNAB-CT is particularly useful in the presence of non-diagnostic FNAB-C.L'esame citologico su agoaspirato ecoguidato con ago sottile (FNAB-C) rappresenta una delle procedure più comuni per la conferma della diagnosi di carcinoma midollare della tiroide (CMT) primitivo e/o metastatico. Tuttavia la sensibilità riportata per questa metodica nella diagnosi del CMT è di circa il 63%. Il dosaggio della calcitonina nel liquido di lavaggio dell'agoaspirato (FNAB-CT) è una metodica recentemente introdotta, proposta al fine di migliorare l'accuratezza diagnostica della citologia convenzionale. Sono stati considerati tutti i pazienti con sospetto CMT primitivo e/o metastatico sottoposti a FNAB-C e FNAB-CT tra Marzo 2012 e Settembre 2013, per i quali era disponibile la conferma istologica. La calcitonina sierica (sCT) è stata dosata prima dell'esecuzione del FNAB-C. Dopo aver prelevato e preparato il campione per l'esame citologico, l'ago è stato lavato con 0,5 ml di soluzione salina per ottenere il dosaggio della CT nel liquido di lavaggio. È stata eseguita un'analisi ROC al fine di identificare i cut-off con più elevata sensibilità ed accuratezza rispettivamente per il FNAB-CT e il rapporto tra FNAB-CT e sCT (FNAB-CT/sCT ratio). L'accuratezza diagnostica dei cut-off stabiliti è stata confrontata con quella del FNAB-C. Sono stati eseguiti 62 FNAB-C in 38 pazienti. L'esame istologico definitivo ha confermato la diagnosi di CMT in 18 lesioni (29,9%). L'analisi ROC ha individuato un valore10,4 pg/ml e1,39 come cut-off più accurati rispettivamente per FNAB-CT e FNAB-CT/sCT ratio. L'accuratezza, il valore predittivo positivo (VPP) ed il valore predittivo negativo (VPN) sono risultati, rispettivamente, 85%, 100% e 83% per il FNAB-C, 97%, 100% e 96% per il FNAB-CT e 90%, 83% e 93% per FNAB-CT/sCT ratio. L'integrazione di FNAB-C e FNAB-CT ha mostrato una accuratezza pari al 98%, un VPP pari al 100% ed un VPN pari al 98%; l'integrazione di FNAB-C e FNAB-CT/sCT ratio ha mostrato un'accuratezza del 90%, un VPP dell'80% ed un VPN del 95%. Il FNAB-C ha identificato correttamente 1 dei 2 casi risultati falsi negativi al FNAB-CT e 1 dei 3 casi falsi negativi al FNAB-CT/sCT ratio. La procedura del FNAB-CT ha diagnosticato correttamente 8 dei 9 casi non diagnostici al FNAB-C, mentre il FNAB-CT/sCT ratio ne ha individuati correttamente 7. Nella nostra esperienza il FNAB-CT è risultato più accurato del FNAB-CT/sCT ratio. Nella diagnosi del CMT primitivo o metastatico il FNAB-CT può integrare ma non sostituire il FNAB-C ed è particolarmente utile nei casi non diagnostici alla citologia convenzionale.

Published
2014

165. Intracranial Complication of Rhinosinusitis from Actinomycosis of the Paranasal Sinuses: A Rare Case of Abducens Nerve Palsy

Author

Fadda, G. L., Gisolo, M., Crosetti, E., Fulcheri, A., and Succo, G.

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Sinonasal actinomycosis should be suspected when a patient with chronic sinusitis does not respond to medical therapy or has a history of facial trauma, dental disease, cancer, immunodeficiency, long-term steroid therapy, diabetes, or malnutrition. Radiological evaluation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are important in differential diagnosis, evaluating the extent of disease, and understanding clinical symptoms. Endoscopic sinus surgery associated with long-term intravenous antibiotic therapy is the gold standard for treatment of sinonasal actinomycosis. We report an unusual case of abducens nerve palsy resulting from invasive sinonasal actinomycosis in a patient with an abnormally enlarged sphenoid sinus. A review of the current literature highlighting clinical presentation, radiological findings, and treatment of this uncommon complication is also presented.

Published
2014
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172. Management of thyroid cytological material, preanalytical procedures and bio‐banking.

Author

Bode‐Lesniewska, B., Cochand‐Priollet, B., Straccia, P., Fadda, G., and Bongiovanni, M.

Subjects
THYROID diseases, BIOBANKS, CYTOLOGY, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, TISSUE testing
Abstract

Thyroid nodules are common and are increasingly detected due to recent advances in imaging techniques. However, clinically relevant thyroid cancer is rare and the mortality from aggressive thyroid cancer remains constant. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a standard method for diagnosing thyroid malignancy and the discrimination of malignant nodules from goitre. As the examined nodules on thyroid FNAC are often small incidental findings, it is important to maintain a low rate of undetermined diagnoses requiring further clinical work up or surgery. The most important factors determining the accuracy of the cytological diagnosis and suitability for biobanking of thyroid FNACs are the quality of the sample and availability of adequate tissue for auxiliary studies. This article discusses technical aspects (preanalytics) of performing thyroid FNAC, including image guidance and rapid on‐site evaluation, sample collection methods (conventional slides, liquid‐based methods, cell blocks) and storage (bio‐banking). The spectrum of special studies (immunocytochemistry on direct slides or liquid‐based cytology, immunohistochemistry on cell blocks and molecular methods) required for improving the precision of the cytological diagnosis of the thyroid nodules is also discussed. It is becoming ever more important to manage and preserve cytological material for routine and ancillary tests. This review article discusses all aspects of pre‐analytical handling, processing and bio‐banking of thyroid cytological material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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181. Micobatteri

Author

Fadda, G, Delogu, G, Garzelli, Carlo, and Rindi, Laura

Published
2012

188. Performance of genotypic tropism testing on proviral DNAin clinical practice: results from the DIVA Study Group

Author

Svicher, V, Alteri, C, Montano, M, D'Arrigo, R, Andreoni, M, Angarano, G, Antinori, A, Antonelli, G, Allice, T, Bagnarelli, P, Baldanti, F, Bertoli, A, Borderi, M, Boeri, E, Bon, I, Bruzzone, B, Callegaro, Ap, Capobianchi, Mr, Carosi, G, Cauda, R, Ceccherini Silberstein, F, Clementi, M, Chirianni, A, Colafigli, M, D'Arminio Monforte, A, De Luca, A, Di Biagio, A, Di Nicuolo, G, Di Perri, G, Di Pietro, M, Di Santo, F, Fabeni, L, Fadda, G, Galli, M, Gennari, W, Ghisetti, V, Giacometti, A, Gori, C, Gori, A, Gulminetti, R, Leoncini, F, Maffongelli, G, Maggiolo, F, Manca, G, Gargiulo, F, Martinelli, C, Maserati, R, Mazzotta, F, Meini, G, Micheli, V, Monno, L, Mussini, C, Narciso, P, Nozza, S, Paolucci, S, Pal, G, Parisi, S, Parruti, G, Pignataro, Ar, Pollicita, M, Quirino, T, Re, Mc, Rizzardini, G, Santangelo, R, Scaggiante, R, Sterrantino, G, Turriziani, O, Vatteroni, Ml, Vecchi, L, Viscoli, Claudio, Vullo, V, Zazzi, M, Lazzarini, A, and Perno, Cf

Subjects
HIV, Proviral DNA, Tropism
Published
2012

192. A novel methodology for large-scale phylogeny partition

Author

Prosperi, Mattia C. F., Ciccozzi, Massimo, Fanti, Iuri, Saladini, Francesco, Pecorari, Monica, Borghi, Vanni, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Bruzzone, Bianca, Capetti, Amedeo, Vivarelli, Angela, Rusconi, Stefano, Maria Carla, Re, Gismondo, Maria Rita, Sighinolfi, Laura, Gray, Rebecca R., Salemi, Marco, Zazzi, Maurizio, De Luca, Andrea, Giacometti, A, Butini, L, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Re, Mc, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Dal Bello, F, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Dionisio, D, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, De Luca, A, Fadda, G, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, Ombretta, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Delle Foglie, P, Rossi, C, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Lattuada, E., Prosperi MC, Ciccozzi M, Fanti I, Saladini F, Pecorari M, Borghi V, Di Giambenedetto S, Bruzzone B, Capetti A, Vivarelli A, Rusconi S, Re MC, Gismondo MR, Sighinolfi L, Gray RR, Salemi M, Zazzi M, De Luca A, ARCA collaborative group., Prosperi, M, Ciccozzi, M, Fanti, I, Saladini, F, Pecorari, M, Borghi, V, Di Giambenedetto, S, Bruzzone, B, Capetti, A, Vivarelli, A, Rusconi, S, Re, M, Gismondo, M, Sighinolfi, L, Gray, R, Salemi, M, Zazzi, M, De Luca, A, and Mancuso, S

Subjects
Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Male, pol, Theoretical computer science, Inference, Gene Products, pol, General Physics and Astronomy, HIV Infections, Biology, Network topology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Biochemistry, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0302 clinical medicine, Search algorithm, phylogenetic analysis, virus transmission, Gene Products, Humans, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, Algorithms, Classification, Female, HIV-1, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Chemistry (all), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, Node (networking), HIV, General Chemistry, Partition (database), Algorithm, Identification (information), Transmission (telecommunications), METHODOLOGY, Human
Abstract

Understanding the determinants of virus transmission is a fundamental step for effective design of screening and intervention strategies to control viral epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis can be a valid approach for the identification of transmission chains, and very-large data sets can be analysed through parallel computation. Here we propose and validate a new methodology for the partition of large-scale phylogenies and the inference of transmission clusters. This approach, on the basis of a depth-first search algorithm, conjugates the evaluation of node reliability, tree topology and patristic distance analysis. The method has been applied to identify transmission clusters of a phylogeny of 11,541 human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype B pol gene sequences from a large Italian cohort. Molecular transmission chains were characterized by means of different clinical/demographic factors, such as the interaction between male homosexuals and male heterosexuals. Our method takes an advantage of a flexible notion of transmission cluster and can become a general framework to analyse other epidemics. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Published
2011
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198. Detection of drug resistance mutations at low plasma HIV-1 RNA load in a European multicentre cohort study

Author

Prosperi, Mc1, Mackie, N, Di Giambenedetto, S, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, I, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Bansi, L, van de Vijver DA, Geretti, Am, De Luca, A, Giacometti A, SEHERE c. o. n. s. o. r. t. i. u. m., Butini, L, del Gobbo, R, Menzo, S, Tacconi, D, Corbelli, G, Zanussi, S, Monno, L, Punzi, G, Maggiolo, F, Callegaro, A, Calza, L, Carla Re, M, Pristerà, R, Turconi, P, Mandas, A, Tini, S, Zoncada, A, Paolini, E, Amadio, G, Sighinolfi, L, Zuccati, G, Morfini, M, Manetti, R, Corsi, P, Galli, L, Di Pietro, M, Bartalesi, F, Colao, G, Tosti, A, Di Biagio, A, Setti, M, Bruzzone, B, Penco, G, Trezzi, M, Orani, A, Pardelli, R, De Gennaro, M, Chiodera, A, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Almi, P, Todaro, G, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Cicconi, P, Rusconi, S, Gismondo, Mr, Micheli, V, Biondi, Ml, Gianotti, N, Capetti, A, Meraviglia, P, Boeri, E, Mussini, C, Pecorari, M, Soria, A, Vecchi, L, Santirocchi, M, Brustia, D, Ravanini, P, Bello, Fd, Romano, N, Mancuso, S, Calzetti, C, Maserati, R, Filice, G, Baldanti, F, Francisci, D, Parruti, G, Polilli, E, Sacchini, D, Martinelli, C, Consolini, R, Vatteroni, L, Vivarelli, A, Dionisio, D, Nerli, A, Lenzi, L, Magnani, G, Ortolani, P, Andreoni, M, Palamara, G, Fimiani, C, Palmisano, L, Fadda, G, Vullo, Vincenzo, Turriziani, O, Montano, M, Cenderello, G, Gonnelli, A, Palumbo, M, Ghisetti, V, Bonora, S, Foglie, Pd, Rossi, C, Grossi, P, Seminari, E, Poletti, F, Mondino, V, Malena, M, Lattuada, E, Lengauer, T, Däumer, M, Hoffmann, D, Schülter, E, Müller, C, Oette, M, Reuter, S, Esser, S, Fätkenheuer, G, Rockstroh, J, Incardona, F, Rosen Zvi, M, Clotet, B, Thalme, A, Svedhem, V, Bratt, G, Gargiulo, F, Lapadula, G, Manca, N, Paraninfo, G, Quiros Roldan, E, Carosi, G, Castelnuovo, F, Vandamme, Am, Van Wijngaerden, E, Ainsworth, J, Anderson, J, Babiker, A, Dunn, D, Easterbrook, P, Fisher, M, Gazzard, B, Garrett, N, Gilson, R, Gompels, M, Hill, T, Johnson, M, Leen, C, Orkin, C, Phillips, A, Pillay, D, Porter, K, Post, F, Sabin, C, Sadiq, T, Schwenk, A, Walsh, J, Delpech, V, Palfreeman, A, Glabay, A, Lynch, J, Hand, J, de Souza, C, Perry, N, Tilbury, S, Churchill, D, Nelson, M, Waxman, M, Mandalia, S, Kall, M, Korat, H, Taylor, C, Ibrahim, F, Campbell, L, James, L, Brima, N, Williams, I, Youle, M, Lampe, F, Smith, C, Grabowska, H, Chaloner, C, Puradiredja, Di, Weber, J, Ramzan, F, Carder, M, Wilson, A, Dooley, D, Asboe, D, Pozniak, A, Cameron, S, Cane, P, Chadwick, D, Clark, D, Collins, S, Lazarus, L, Dolling, D, Fearnhill, E, Castro, H, Coughlin, K, Zuckerman, M, Booth, C, Goldberg, D, Hale, A, Kaye, S, Kellam, P, Leigh Brown, A, Smit, E, Templeton, K, Tilston, P, Tong, W, Zhang, H, Ushiro Lumb, I, Oliver, T, Bibby, D, Mitchell, S, Mbisa, T, Wildfire, A, Tandy, R, Shepherd, J, Maclean, A, Bennett, D, Hopkins, M, Garcia Diaz, A, Kirk, S, Sloot, P. M., Virology, Prosperi, M, Mackie, N, di Giambenedetto, S, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, I, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, F, van laethem, K, Bansi, L, van de Vijver, D, Geretti, A, de luca, A, and Mancuso, S

Subjects
Male, Drug Resistance, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, HIV Infection, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, 0303 health sciences, Proteolytic enzymes, Genotypic testing, HIV, Viral load, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, Female, HIV-1, Humans, RNA, Viral, Viral Proteins, Drug Resistance, Viral, Mutation, Missense, Viral Load, Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases, 3. Good health, Cohort, Cohort study, Human, Microbiology (medical), Biology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Viral Protein, 030306 microbiology, Anti-HIV Agent, Virology, Reverse transcriptase, Regimen, genotypic testing, viral load, Immunology, Mutation, RNA, Missense, Cohort Studie
Abstract

Background and objectives: Guidelines indicate a plasma HIV-1 RNA load of 500-1000 copies/mL as the minimal threshold for antiretroviral drug resistance testing. Resistance testing at lower viral load levels may be useful to guide timely treatment switches, although data on the clinical utility of this remain limited. We report here the influence of viral load levels on the probability of detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and other mutations by routine genotypic testing in a large multicentre European cohort, with a focus on tests performed at a viral load

Published
2011

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