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The geographical origin of foods greatly influences their quality and price, leading to adulteration between high-priced and low-priced regions in the market. The rapid detection of such adulteration is crucial for food safety and fair competition. To detect the adulteration of Polygonati Rhizoma from different regions, we proposed LIBS-VNIR fusion based on the deep learning network (LVDLNet), which combines laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) containing element information with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIR) containing molecular information. The LVDLNet model achieved accuracy of 98.75%, macro-F measure of 98.50%, macro-precision of 98.78%, and macro-recall of 98.75%. The model, which increased these metrics from about 87% for LIBS and about 93% for VNIR to more than 98%, significantly improved the identification ability. Furthermore, tests on different adulterated source samples confirmed the model’s robustness, with all metrics improving from about 87% for LIBS and 86% for VNIR to above 96%. Compared to conventional machine learning algorithms, LVDLNet also demonstrated its superior performance. The results indicated that the LVDLNet model can effectively integrate element information and molecular information to identify the adulterated Polygonati Rhizoma. This work shows that the scheme is a potent tool for food identification applications.

Shiitake mushrooms are renowned for their popularity and robust nutritional value, are susceptible to spoilage due to their inherent biodegradability. Nevertheless, because of their lack of protection, these mushrooms have a short shelf life. Throughout the post-harvest phase, mushrooms experience a persistent decline in quality. This is evidenced by changes such as discoloration, reduced moisture content, texture changes, an increase in microbial count, and the depletion of nutrients and flavor. Ensuring postharvest quality preservation and prolonging mushroom shelf life necessitates the utilization of post-harvest preservation techniques, including physical, chemical, and thermal processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the deterioration processes affecting mushroom quality, covering elements such as moisture loss, discoloration, texture alterations, increased microbial count, and the depletion of nutrients and flavor. It also explores the key factors influencing these processes, such as temperature, relative humidity, water activity, and respiration rate. Furthermore, the review delves into recent progress in preserving mushrooms through techniques such as drying, cooling, packaging, irradiation, washing, and coating.

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry. Vaccination is an effective method to prevent and control MS infections. Currently two live attenuated MS vaccines are commercially available, the temperature-sensitive MS-H vaccine strain and the NAD-independent MS1 vaccine strain. Differentiation of vaccine strains from wild-type (WT) strains is crucial for monitoring MS infection, especially after vaccination. In this study, we developed a Taqman duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to identify MS1 vaccine strains from WT strains. The method was specific and did not cross-react with other avian pathogens. The sensitivity assay indicated that no inhibition occurred between probes or between mixed and pure templates in duplex real-time PCR. Compared with the melt-based mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA), our method was more sensitive and rapid. In conclusion, the Taqman duplex real-time PCR method is a useful method for the diagnosis and differentiation of WT-MS and MS1 vaccine strains in a single reaction.

IntroductionGlioblastoma (GBM) presents significant challenges due to its malignancy and limited treatment options. Precision treatment requires subtyping patients based on prognosis. Disulfidptosis, a novel cell death mechanism, is linked to aberrant glucose metabolism and disulfide stress, particularly in tumors expressing high levels of SLC7A11. The exploration of disulfidptosis may provide a new perspective for precise diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma.MethodsTranscriptome sequencing was conducted on samples from GBM patients treated at Tiantan Hospital (January 2022 - December 2023). Data from CGGA and TCGA databases were collected. Consensus clustering based on disulfidptosis features categorized GBM patients into two subtypes (DRGclusters). Tumor immune microenvironment, response to immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity were analyzed. An 8-gene disulfidptosis-based subtype predictor was developed using LASSO machine learning algorithm and validated on CGGA dataset.ResultsPatients in DRGcluster A exhibited improved overall survival (OS) compared to DRGcluster B. DRGcluster subtypes showed differences in tumor immune microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. The predictor effectively stratified patients into high and low-risk groups. Significant differences in IC50 values for chemotherapy and targeted therapy were observed between risk groups.DiscussionDisulfidptosis-based classification offers promise as a prognostic predictor for GBM. It provides insights into tumor immune microenvironment and response to therapy. The predictor aids in patient stratification and personalized treatment selection, potentially improving outcomes for GBM patients.

Rose black spot disease caused by Marssonina rosae is among the most destructive diseases that affects the outdoor cultivation and production of roses; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the defensive response of roses to M. rosae have not been clarified. To investigate the diversity of response to M. rosae in resistant and susceptible rose varieties, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses of resistant (KT) and susceptible (FG) rose varieties and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in response to M. rosae at different time points. In response to M. rosae, DEGs and DAMs were mainly upregulated compared to the control and transcription factors were concentrated in the WRKY and AP2/ERF families. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the DEGs of FG were mainly enriched in biological processes, such as the abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway, cell wall, and defense response, whereas the DEGs of KT were mainly enriched in Golgi-mediated vesicle transport processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs of both varieties were concentrated in plant–pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, with the greatest number of DEGs associated with brassinosteroid (BR) in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. The reliability of the transcriptome results was verified by qRT-PCR. DAMs of KT were significantly enriched in the butanoate metabolism pathway, whereas DAMs of FG were significantly enriched in BR biosynthesis, glucosinolate biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism. Moreover, the DAMs in these pathways were significantly positively correlated with the DEGs. Disease symptoms were aggravated when FG leaves were inoculated with M. rosae after 24-epibrassinolide treatment, indicating that the response of FG to M. rosae involves the BR signaling pathway. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying rose response to M. rosae and lay a theoretical foundation for formulating rose black spot prevention and control strategies and cultivating resistant varieties.

Summary: R-loops are three-stranded structures that can pose threats to genome stability. RNase H1 precisely recognizes R-loops to drive their resolution within the genome, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that ARID1A recognizes R-loops with high affinity in an ATM-dependent manner. ARID1A recruits METTL3 and METTL14 to the R-loop, leading to the m6A methylation of R-loop RNA. This m6A modification facilitates the recruitment of RNase H1 to the R-loop, driving its resolution and promoting DNA end resection at DSBs, thereby ensuring genome stability. Depletion of ARID1A, METTL3, or METTL14 leads to R-loop accumulation and reduced cell survival upon exposure to cytotoxic agents. Therefore, ARID1A, METTL3, and METTL14 function in a coordinated, temporal order at DSB sites to recruit RNase H1 and to ensure efficient R-loop resolution. Given the association of high ARID1A levels with resistance to genotoxic therapies in patients, these findings open avenues for exploring potential therapeutic strategies for cancers with ARID1A abnormalities.

IntroductionThe methylation status of oxygen 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is closely related to the treatment and prognosis of glioblastoma. However, there are currently some challenges in detecting the methylation status of MGMT promoters. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathological slides have always been the gold standard for tumor diagnosis.MethodsIn this study, based on the TCGA database and H&E-stained Whole slide images (WSI) of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, we constructed a weakly supervised prediction model of MGMT promoter methylation status in glioblastoma by using two Transformer structure models.ResultsThe accuracy scores of this model in the TCGA dataset and our independent dataset were 0.79 (AUC = 0.86) and 0.76 (AUC = 0.83), respectively.ConclusionThe model demonstrates effective prediction of MGMT promoter methylation status in glioblastoma and exhibits some degree of generalization capability. At the same time, our study also shows that adding Patches automatic screening module to the computational pathology research framework of glioma can significantly improve the model effect.

ObjectivesTo investigate and compare the associated factors of depression, anxiety, and other psychological differences between patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 quarantined in square cabin hospitals (SCH) and isolation wards (IW) in China.MethodsCluster sampling method was performed during Shanghai’s Two-Month Lockdown in 2022. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D), 7-tiem Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) were used to investigate psychological differences.ResultsThe HADS-D and GAD-7 scores of SCH patients were significantly higher than those in IW (p < 0.001; p = 0.0295). Sleep latency (SCH-IW = -3.76, p < 0.001), sleep duration (SCH-IW = -2.22, p < 0.05), habitual sleep efficiency (SCH-IW = -4.11, p < 0.001), sleep disturbance (SCH-IW = -3.59, p < 0.001) and use of sleep medication (SCH-IW = -5.18, p < 0.001) of SCH patients were significantly worse. Depression was the main emotional problem of quarantined patients. Patients in SCH had lower social support. Sleep disorders and the lowest oxygen saturation ≤ 93% were risk factors for depression, while social support and child status were protective factors. Myalgia and constipation were risk factors for anxiety, while marital status was the protective factor.ConclusionPatients quarantined in SCH had higher risks of depression and anxiety, lower sleep quality and social support. Somatic discomfort and sleep disorders exacerbated depression and anxiety, which could be ameliorated by social support and taken into consideration in future SCH construction.

Summary: Plasma proteins are promising biomarkers and potential drug targets in lung cancer. To evaluate the causal association between plasma proteins and lung cancer, we performed proteome-wide Mendelian randomization meta-analysis (PW-MR-meta) based on lung cancer genome-wide association studies (GWASs), protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) of 4,719 plasma proteins in deCODE and 4,775 in Fenland. Further, causal-protein risk score (CPRS) was developed based on causal proteins and validated in the UK Biobank. 270 plasma proteins were identified using PW-MR meta-analysis, including 39 robust causal proteins (both FDR-q

The periodic coronal rain and in-phase radiative intensity pulsations have been observed in multiple wavelengths in recent years. However, due to the lack of three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields and thermodynamic data in observations, it remains challenging to quantify the coronal heating rate that drives the mass cycles. In this work, based on the MURaM code, we conduct a three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation spanning from the convective zone to the corona, where the solar atmosphere is heated self-consistently through dissipation resulting from magnetoconvection. For the first time, we model the periodic coronal rain in an active region. With a high spatial resolution, the simulation well resembles the observational features across different extreme-ultraviolet wavelengths. These include the realistic interweaving coronal loops, periodic coronal rain, and periodic intensity pulsations, with two periods of 3.0 hr and 3.7 hr identified within one loop system. Moreover, the simulation allows for a detailed three-dimensional depiction of coronal rain on small scales, revealing adjacent shower-like rain clumps ∼500 km in width and showcasing their multithermal internal structures. We further reveal that these periodic variations essentially reflect the cyclic energy evolution of the coronal loop under thermal nonequilibrium state. Importantly, as the driver of the mass circulation, the self-consistent coronal heating rate is considerably complex in time and space, with hour-level variations in 1 order of magnitude, minute-level bursts, and varying asymmetry reaching ten times between footpoints. This provides an instructive template for the ad hoc heating function and further enhances our understanding of the coronal heating process.

BackgroundThere are limited epidemiological investigations of blood metal levels related to hyperlipidemia, and results indicating the association between blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se), and lipid biomarkers have been conflicting.MethodsWe included populations for which NHANES collected complete data. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to ascertain the relationship between blood Pb, Cd, and Se levels and hyperlipidemia. Nonlinear relationships were characterized by smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis.Results5429 participants in all, with a mean age of 53.70 ± 16.63 years, were included; 47.1% of the subjects were male, and 3683 (67.8%) of them had hyperlipidemia. After modifying for variables with confounders in a multivariate logistic regression model, we discovered a positive correlation between blood Pb and Se levels and hyperlipidemia (Pb: OR:2.12, 95% CI:1.56-2.88; Se: OR:1.84, 95% CI:1.38-2.45). Gender, age, smoking status, alcohol use status, hypertension, diabetes, and body mass index were not significantly linked with this positive correlation, according to subgroup analysis and interaction test (P for interaction>0.05). Positive correlations between blood Pb, Cd, and Se levels and the risk of hyperlipidemia have been found using smooth curve fitting.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that higher blood levels of Pb, Cd, and selenium are linked to an increased risk of hyperlipidemia.

Viruses are infectious and abundant in the marine environment. Viral lysis of host cells releases organic matter and nutrients that affect the surrounding microbial community. Synechococcus are important primary producers in the ocean and they are subject to frequent viral infection. In the laboratory, Synechococcus cultures are often associated with bacteria and such a co-existence relationship appears to be important to the growth and stability of Synechococcus. However, we know little about how viral lysis of Synechococcus affects the co-existing bacteria in the culture. This study investigated the influence of viral infection of Synechococcus on co-occurring bacterial community in the culture. We analyzed the community composition, diversity, predicted functions of the bacterial community, and its correlations with fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components and nutrients after introducing a cyanophage to the Synechococcus culture. Cyanophage infection altered the bacterial community structure and increased the bacterial diversity and richness. Increased bacterial groups such as Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria and decreased bacterial groups such as Gammaproteobacteria were observed. Moreover, cyanophage infection reduced bacterial interactions but enhanced correlations between the dominant bacterial taxa and nutrients. Unique FDOM components were observed in the cyanophage-added culture. Fluorescence intensities of FDOM components varied across the cyanophage-infection process. Decreased nitrate and increased ammonium and phosphate in the cyanophage-added culture coupled with the viral progeny production and increased substance transport and metabolism potentials of the bacterial community. Furthermore, increased potentials in methane metabolism and aromatic compound degradation of the bacterial community were observed in the cyanophage-added culture, suggesting that cyanophage infections contribute to the production of methane-related compounds and refractory organic matter in a microcosm like environment. This study has the potential to deepen our understanding of the impact of viral lysis of cyanobacteria on microbial community in the surrounding water.

High-temperature hazards of asphalt pavement and pollution from car exhaust are two major problems that need to be solved in road construction. In this paper, a multifunctional composite coating has been prepared from the perspective of reducing road temperature and car exhaust degradation. The principle of heat-reflecting coating is used to reduce the road surface temperature. At the same time, the TiO2 aqueous solution with photocatalytic degradation effect is added to the heat-reflective coating material to achieve the purpose of degrading automobile exhaust degradation, creating a new type of multifunctional coating that has both cooling and exhaust degradation effects. In addition, by changing the amount of carbon black, a multi-functional coating with the best coloring is selected, so that it has better functionality and has the most suitable shade for the road surface. Finally, the cooling effect and the exhaust gas reduction effect are examined through indoor and outdoor tests and the slip resistance of the coating is tested using the pendulum method. The results show that the functional coating group has a certain ability of cooling and exhaust gas degradation compared to the normal control group without coating. For the functional coating group with different carbon black content, the functional coating (G2) with 0.9% carbon black content has the strongest overall functionality. The cooling and exhaust gas reduction effects proved to be the best. The surface cooling rate is 5.4°C, while the internal cooling rate is 4.3°C. The cumulative degradation efficiency of CO and NO is found to be 27.77%, and 73.75%, respectively.

Abstract Synthetic cell exoskeletons created from abiotic materials have attracted interest in materials science and biotechnology, as they can regulate cell behavior and create new functionalities. Here, a facile strategy is reported to mimic microalgal sporulation with on‐demand germination and locomotion via responsive metal–phenolic networks (MPNs). Specifically, MPNs with tunable thickness and composition are deposited on the surface of microalgae cells via one‐step coordination, without any loss of cell viability or intrinsic cell photosynthetic properties. The MPN coating keeps the cells in a dormant state, but can be disassembled on‐demand in response to environmental pH or chemical stimulus, thereby reviving the microalgae within 1 min. Moreover, the artificial sporulation of microalgae resulted in resistance to environmental stresses (e.g., metal ions and antibiotics) akin to the function of natural sporulation. This strategy can regulate the life cycle of complex cells, providing a synthetic strategy for designing hybrid microorganisms.

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Periodic surveys are essential for monitoring the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors. We assessed the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in Mianzhu City in 2020.MethodThe Natural Population Cohort Study surveyed 7,770 individuals aged>20 years in Mianzhu City of Sichuan province in 2020. Our investigation encompassed the measurement of CKD prevalence, the evaluation of various renal function indicators, and comparisons based on age, gender, and hukou status. Additionally, some metabolic indices were also measured to identify the underlying causes of CKD.Results(1) Overall, the prevalence of reduced renal function (eGFR

Horizontal wells are extensively utilized in the development of unconventional reservoirs. However, the logging responses and formation evaluation in horizontal wells can be impacted by factors like anisotropy and tool eccentricity. To investigate the influence of tool eccentricity on acoustic logging response, physical simulation experiments of array acoustic logging were conducted in a scaled borehole formation model under different tool eccentricity conditions. The experimental data were analyzed, and the findings revealed that when the receiver array is parallel to the borehole axis, the P-wave slowness and S-wave slowness remain unaffected by tool eccentricity. However, the amplitudes of the P-wave and S-wave decrease significantly with increasing tool eccentricity, following an approximate negative exponential pattern. Additionally, when the transmitter is centered and the receiver array intersects the borehole axis at an angle, the wave velocities increase significantly with tool eccentricity, with the P-wave velocity showing a faster increase. Conversely, when the transmitter is eccentric and the receiver array intersects the borehole axis at an angle, the wave velocity decreases notably with tool eccentricity, and the P-wave velocity decreases even faster. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of tool eccentricity on array acoustic logging response in horizontal wells and offer guidance for developing correction schemes to address this effect.

Ferroptosis is a type of controlled cell death caused by lipid peroxidation, which results in the rupture of the cell membrane. ferroptosis has been repeatedly demonstrated over the past ten years to be a significant factor in a number of diseases. The liver is a significant iron storage organ, thus ferroptosis will have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases. Ferroptosis is particularly prevalent in HCC. In the opening section of this article, we give a general summary of the pertinent molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and associated characteristics of ferroptosis. The primary regulating mechanisms during ferroptosis are then briefly discussed, and we conclude by summarizing the development of a number of novel therapeutic strategies used to treat HCC in recent years. Ferroptosis is a crucial strategy for the treatment of HCC and offers new perspectives on the treatment of liver cancer.

Exploitation of mineral resources and construction of traffic facilities have led to the destruction of a large number of mountains, resulting in the formation of high and steep rock slopes, which have caused serious geological safety hazards and ecological function degradation. The ecological restoration of high and steep rock slopes is imperative. The key of slope ecological restoration is vegetation reconstruction. At present, there are still many problems such as lack of restoration theory and unclear reconstruction conditions. In order to clarify the relationship between the temperature and humidity fields and the plant growth in the rock slope, this study established a test site near Xiaodongshan in the city of Zhangqiu in Shandong Province. Multi-period monitoring experiments on the temperature and humidity field in the rock slope were carried out, the distribution characteristics of the temperature and humidity field in the rock slope are examined, and their ecological significance is analyzed in detail. The results show that (1) the atmospheric temperature causes the difference of the temperature variation in the monitoring hole in different seasons. In winter, the heat in the unsaturated zone of fractured rock mass is transferred from deep layer to surface layer, but in spring and summer it is opposite, The depth of the variable temperature zone ranges from 0 − 467 cm, and the depth of the constant temperature zone is greater than 467 cm. (2) In winter, the relative humidity in the slope first increases and then decreases with the increasing depth. In spring and summer, the relative humidity in the slope increases gradually with the increasing depth. (3) The water vapor saturated zone appears near the depth of 20 cm in winter, and begins to appear at the depth of 20 − 40 cm in summer and extends deeper. (4) The temperature and humidity in the rock mass are suitable for the growth of plants, and the plants are easier to survive if they are planted near the depth of 20 cm in spring. The results are of has important theoretical significance and application value for guiding the ecological restoration of rock slopes.

A visible-light-induced nickel-catalyzed cross coupling of alkyl carboxylic acids with N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide is described. Under purple light irradiation, an α-hydroxytrifluoroethyl radical generated from a photoactive electron donor–acceptor complex between Hantzsch ester and N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide was subsequently engaged in a nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction with in situ-activated alkyl carboxylic acids. This convenient protocol does not require photocatalysts and metal reductants, providing a straightforward and efficient access to trifluoromethyl alkyl acyloins in good yields with broad substrate compatibility. The complex bioactive molecules were also compatible with this catalytic system to afford the corresponding products.

In the induction heating of airport pavement to remove snow and ice, soft magnetic geopolymer composite (SMGC) can be used to gather the dissipated electromagnetic energy, thus enhancing the energy utilization efficiency. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence mechanism of iron powder content on the electromagnetic and mechanical performance of SMGC, so as to provide theoretical guidance for the design of soft magnetic layer within airport pavement structure. The results show that the increase of iron powder content reduces the resistance and magnetoresistance of SMGC by decreasing the content of non-magnetic phases between iron powder. However, the reduction of iron powder spacing also provides a shorter transmission path for the inter-particle eddy currents in the SMGC specimen, which enhances the exchange coupling between iron powder, thus increasing the electromagnetic loss. Therefore, the compatibility between magnetic permeability and electromagnetic loss should be considered comprehensively in the mix design of SMGC. In addition, although iron powder can enhance the mechanical properties of SMGC by improving the density of geopolymer matrix, the excessive amount of iron powder can lead to a weak interfacial transition zone between geopolymer matrix and iron powder. According to the induction heating results, optimized SMGC can improve the energy transfer efficiency of induction heating by 24.03%.

Abstract Background Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive childhood bone and soft tissue cancer. KIAA1429 is one type of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writer that plays a tumor-progressive role in various cancers, but the role of KIAA1429 in ES remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of KIAA1429 in ES. Methods We performed a multi-omic screen including CRISPR-Cas9 functional genomic and transcriptomic approaches, and identified that KIAA1429 played a significant role in ES progression. Gene knockdown, quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR), immunoblotting, CellTiter-Glo assays, clonogenic assays, a subcutaneous xenograft model and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the functional role of KIAA1429 in ES. We mainly conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in ES cells to analyze the downstream regulatory mechanism of KIAA1429. An integrative analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq indicated the upstream regulatory mechanism of KIAA1429. Results In vitro and in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening identified KIAA1429 as an ES-dependent gene. Genetic suppression of KIAA1429 inhibited ES cell proliferation and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Further studies revealed that KIAA1429 promotes ES tumorigenesis by regulating the ribosome-associated cell cycle and cancer-related inflammation. Interestingly, we found that STAT3 was a target of KIAA1429 and that a STAT3 inhibitor reduced KIAA1429 transcript levels, indicating positive feedback between KIAA1429 and STAT3. Finally, we found that NKX2-2 bound to the KIAA1429 promoter and transactivated KIAA1429. Conclusion Our study systematically analyzed ES-dependent epigenetic/transcriptional regulatory genes and identified KIAA1429 as a biomarker of tumor progression in ES, providing a potential therapeutic target for treating ES.

Abstract Background The health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with localized prostate cancer (LPCa) after treatment mainly surgery and radiotherapy (RT) has received increasing attention. The aim of this study is to compare the HRQoL of LPCa after surgery and RT. Methods Web of Science, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched after January 2000 to observe the HRQoL scores after surgery and RT at different treatment time points. Results A total of 28 studies were included in this study, and the results showed that LPCa received surgery had better bowel scores than RT at ≤3 (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 4.18; p = 0.03), 3–6 (WMD = 4.16; p

Abstract. Background:. Changes in white matter (WM) underlie the neurocognitive damages induced by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study aimed to examine using a bundle-associated fixel-based analysis (FBA) pipeline for investigating the microstructural and macrostructural alterations in the WM of the brain of HIV patients. Methods:. This study collected 93 HIV infected patients and 45 age/education/handedness matched healthy controls (HCs) at the Beijing Youan Hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 30, 2016.All HIV patients underwent neurocognitive evaluation and laboratory testing followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. In order to detect the bundle-wise WM abnormalities accurately, a specific WM bundle template with 56 tracts of interest was firstly generated by an automated fiber clustering method using a subset of subjects. Fixel-based analysis was used to investigate bundle-wise differences between HIV patients and HCs in three perspectives: fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and fiber density and cross-section (FDC). The between-group differences were detected by a two-sample t-test with the false discovery rate (FDR) correction (P

Abstract Background The incidence of rebleeding in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains despite advances in intervention approaches. Therefore, early prediction of the risk of rebleeding could help to greatly reduce the mortality rate in these patients. We aim to develop and validate a new prediction model to predict the probability of rebleeding in patients with AUGIB. Methods A total of 1170 AUGIB patients who completed the procedure of emergency gastroscopy within 48 h of admission were included. Logistic regression analyses were performed to construct a new prediction model. A receiver operating characteristic curve, a line graph, and a calibration and decision curve were used to assess the predictive performance of our new prediction model and compare its performance with that of the AIMS65 scoring system to determine the predictive value of our prediction model. Results A new prediction model was constructed based on Lactic acid (LAC), neutrophil percentage (NEUTP), platelet (PLT), albumin (ALB), and D-DIMER. The AUC values and their 95% confidence interval (CI) for the new prediction model and the AIMS65 score were 0.746 and 0.619, respectively, and 0.697–0.795 and 0.567–0.670, respectively. In the training group, the C index values based on the prediction model and the AIMS65 scoring system were 0.720 and 0.610, respectively. In the validation group, the C index values based on the prediction model and the AIMS65 scoring system were 0.828 and 0.667, respectively. The decision and calibration curve analysis also showed that the prediction model was superior to the AIMS65 scoring system in terms of accuracy of prediction, consistency, and net clinical benefit. Conclusion The prediction model can predict the probability of rebleeding in AUGIB patients after endoscopic hemostasis therapy.

Abstract The poor efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR T) for solid tumors is due to insufficient CAR T cell tumor infiltration, in vivo expansion, persistence, and effector function, as well as exhaustion, intrinsic target antigen heterogeneity or antigen loss of target cancer cells, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we describe a broadly applicable nongenetic approach that simultaneously addresses the multiple challenges of CAR T as a therapy for solid tumors. The approach reprograms CAR T cells by exposing them to stressed target cancer cells which have been exposed to the cell stress inducer disulfiram (DSF) and copper (Cu)(DSF/Cu) plus ionizing irradiation (IR). The reprogrammed CAR T cells acquire early memory-like characteristics, potent cytotoxicity, enhanced in vivo expansion, persistence, and decreased exhaustion. Tumors stressed by DSF/Cu and IR also reprogram and reverse the immunosuppressive TME in humanized mice. The reprogrammed CAR T cells, derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors or metastatic female breast cancer patients, induce robust, sustained memory and curative anti-solid tumor responses in multiple xenograft mouse models, establishing proof of concept for empowering CAR T by stressing tumor as a promising therapy for solid tumors.

Abstract Whispering-gallery-mode microcavity lasers possess remarkable characteristics such as high Q factors and compact geometries, making them an essential element in the evolution of microlasers. However, solid-state whispering-gallery-mode lasers have previously suffered from low output power and limited optical conversion efficiency, hindering their applications. Here, we present the achievement of milliwatt laser emissions at a wavelength of 1.06 µm from a solid-state whispering-gallery-mode laser. To accomplish this, we construct a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity (with a diameter of 30 µm) using a crystalline Nd: YAG thin film obtained through carbon-implantation enhanced etching of a Nd: YAG crystal. This microcavity laser demonstrates a maximum output power of 1.12 mW and an optical conversion efficiency of 12.4%. Moreover, our unique eccentric microcavity design enables efficient coupling of free-space pump light, facilitating integration with a waveguide. This integration allowed for single-wavelength laser emission from the waveguide, achieving an output power of 0.5 mW and an optical conversion efficiency of 6.18%. Our work opens up new possibilities for advancing solid-state whispering-gallery-mode lasers, providing a viable option for compact photonic sources.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein critical for lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition to being a well known genetic determinant of both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, ApoE is frequently involved in various viral infection-related diseases. Human ApoE protein is functionally polymorphic with three isoforms, namely, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, with markedly altered protein structures and functions. ApoE4 is associated with increased susceptibility to infection with herpes simplex virus type-1 and HIV. Conversely, ApoE4 protects against hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infection. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, ApoE4 has been shown to determine the incidence and progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. These findings clearly indicate the critical role of ApoE in viral infection. Furthermore, ApoE polymorphism has various or even opposite effects in these infection processes, which are partly related to the structural features that distinguish the different ApoE statuses. In the current review, we summarize the emerging relationship between ApoE and viral infection, discuss the potential mechanisms, and identify future directions that may help to advance our understanding of the link between ApoE and viral infection.

Abstract As one of the malignant tumors with high mortality, the initial symptoms of liver cancer are not obvious. In addition, the liver is the largest internal organ of the human body, and its structure and distribution are relatively complex. Therefore, in order to help doctors judge liver cancer more accurately, this paper proposes a variant model based on Unet network. Before segmentation, the image is preprocessed, and Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) algorithm is used to filter the image adaptively to make the image clearer. For the segmentation model, the SE module is used as the input of the residual network, and then its output is connected to the Unet model through bilinear interpolation to perform the down-sampling and up-sampling operations. The dataset is a combination of Hainan Provincial People's Hospital and some public datasets Lits. The results show that this method has better segmentation performance and accuracy than the original Unet method, and the dice coefficient, mIou and other evaluation indicators have increased by at least 2.1%, which is a method that can be applied to cancer segmentation.

Abstract Background Previous studies have revealed that Sirt3 deficiency is associated with several inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and potential molecular mechanisms of Sirt3 in the inflammation induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. Methods The Sirt3 expression level in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with gout was measured. Function and molecular mechanism of Sirt3 in MSU crystal-induced inflammation were investigated in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), C57BL/6 mouse, and Sirt3−/− mouse. Results Sirt3 expression was decreased in the PBMCs of patients with gout. Sirt3 agonist (Viniferin) inhibited the acetylation levels of mitochondrial proteins including the SOD2 protein. RNA sequencing, bio-informatics analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot demonstrated that Sirt3 could suppress the expression of Acod1 (Irg1), which plays an important role in gout. In BMDMs treated with palmitic acid (C16:0) plus MSU crystals, Acod1 knockdown repressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) over-production, macrophage migration, and mitochondrial fragmentation, and Acod1 improved AMPK activity. The over-expression of Acod1 did not significantly affect the level of itaconic acid, but greatly decreased the levels of some important intermediate metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. These data indicate that Acod1 exerts a pro-inflammatory role in MSU crystal-induced inflammation and is independent of the metabolic level of itaconic acid. Sirt3 deficiency exacerbates inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion The current study has shown that Sirt3 can alleviate the MSU crystal-induced inflammation by inhibiting the expression of Acod1.

Abstract The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and “anatomical escape” characteristics threaten the effectiveness of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. There is an urgent need to understand the immunological mechanism of broad-spectrum respiratory tract protection to guide broader vaccines development. Here we investigate immune responses induced by an NS1-deleted influenza virus vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine (dNS1-RBD) which provides broad-spectrum protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. Intranasal delivery of dNS1-RBD induces innate immunity, trained immunity and tissue-resident memory T cells covering the upper and lower respiratory tract. It restrains the inflammatory response by suppressing early phase viral load post SARS-CoV-2 challenge and attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine (Il6, Il1b, and Ifng) levels, thereby reducing excess immune-induced tissue injury compared with the control group. By inducing local cellular immunity and trained immunity, intranasal delivery of NS1-deleted influenza virus vectored vaccine represents a broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine strategy to reduce disease burden.

Abstract Aircraft landings are especially perilous when the wind is gusty near airport runways. For this reason, an aircraft may deviate from its glide slope, miss its approach, or even crash in the worst cases. In the study, we used the state-of-the-art glass-box model, the Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM), to estimate the variation in headwind speed and turbulence intensity along the airport runway glide slope and to interpret the various contributing factors. To begin, the wind field characteristics were examined by developing a scaled-down model of Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) runway as well as and the surrounding buildings and complex terrain in the TJ-3 atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The placement of probes along the glide slope of the model runway aided in the measurement of wind field characteristics at different locations in the presence and absence of surrounding buildings. Next, the experimental data was used to train the EBM model in conjunction with Bayesian optimization approach. The counterpart black box models (extreme gradient boosting, random forest, extra tree and adaptive boosting) as well as other glass box models (linear regression and decision tree) were compared with the outcomes of the EBM model. Based on the holdout testing data, the EBM model revealed superior performance for both variation in headwind speed and turbulence intensity in terms of mean absolute error, mean squared error, root mean squared error and R-square values. To further evaluate the impact of different factors on the wind field characteristics along the airport runway glide slope, the EBM model allows for a full interpretation of the contribution of individual and pairwise interactions of factors to the prediction results from both a global and a local perspective.

The Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) cascade plays a critical role in insect metamorphosis and involves cell-surface receptors known as type I and II, respectively (TβRI and TβRII). In Drosophila melanogaster, the TβRI receptor, Baboon (Babo), consists of three variants (BaboA, BaboB, and BaboC), each with isoform-specific functions. However, the isoforms and functional specifications of Babo in non-Drosophilid insects have not been established. Here, we examined babo transcripts from seven coleopteran species whose genomes have been published and found that mutually exclusive alternative splicing of the third exon produces three babo isoforms, identical to the Drosophila babo gene. The same three transcript variants were accordingly recognized from the transcriptome data of a coleopteran Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of all three babo transcripts at the fourth-instar larval stage hindered gut modeling and arrested larval development in H. vigintioctopunctata. All the resultant larvae became arrested prepupae; they were gradually dried and darkened and, eventually, died. Depletion of HvbaboA rather than HvbaboB or HvbaboC is similar to the phenotypic alterations caused by simultaneous RNAi of all three babo isoforms. Therefore, our results established diverged roles of the three Babo isoforms and highlighted the regulatory role of BaboA during larval-pupal transition in a non-Drosophilid insect species.

The beetle, of the order Coleoptera, possesses outstanding flight capabilities. After completing flight, they can fold their hindwings under the elytra and swiftly unfold them again when they take off. This sophisticated hindwing structure is a result of biological evolution, showcasing the strong environmental adaptability of this species. The beetle’s hindwings can provide biomimetic inspiration for the design of flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). In this study, the Asian ladybird (Harmonia axyridis Pallas) was chosen as the bionic research object. Various kinematic parameters of its flapping flight were analyzed, including the flight characteristics of the hindwings, wing tip motion trajectories, and aerodynamic characteristics. Based on these results, a flapping kinematic model of the Asian ladybird was established. Then, three bionic deployable wing models were designed and their structural mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that the structure of wing vein bars determined the mechanical properties of the bionic wing. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for further bionic wing design.

The temperature of hot metal (HM) is crucial for the energy input and smelting in the electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking process with HM and scrap as the charge structure. However, due to the influence of many factors in the heat dissipation in HM transportation before the EAF steelmaking process, the temperature drop of HM before charged is usually fluctuating and uncertain. This situation is not conducive to the input energy control and energy optimization of the EAF steelmaking process. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model of a 90-ton hot metal ladle is established to simulate the heat transfer characteristic of HM transportation through ANSYS Fluent 2023 and verified by on-the-spot testing and sample analysis. The effects of ambient temperature, air velocity, slag thickness and furnace cover thickness on the temperature drop of HM are investigated and quantitatively analyzed in 30 numerical schemes. The results indicate that slag thickness is the most influential factor, followed by furnace cover thickness, air velocity and ambient temperature. In the case of 50 min transport time, the temperature drop of HM is 55.2, 15.06, 12.08, 10.38, 10.29 and 10.26 °C when the slag thickness is 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm, respectively. While HM is not covered by slag, the furnace cover can also greatly reduce the temperature drop. Based on the simulated data, a prediction model of HM temperature drop is obtained through the multi-factor coupling analysis and mathematical fitting. This study can help develop targeted insulation measures and determine the temperature of HM, which is expected to control the input energy for deep energy-saving optimization in the EAF steelmaking process.

Copper ion (Cu2+) pollution poses a serious threat to marine ecology and fisheries. However, the complexity of seawater and its interference factors make the online detection of Cu2+ quite challenging. To address this issue, we introduce the concept of the photo-assisted adjustment barrier effect into electrochemical detection, using it as a driving force to generate electrochemical responses. The Schottky barrier demonstrates a remarkable regulatory influence on the electrochemical response under photoexcitation, facilitating the response through Cu2+ adsorption. We developed a 4-MBA-AuNPs/CdS/FTO composite that serves as a sensitive platform for Cu2+ detection, achieving a detection limit of 70 nM. Notably, the photo-assisted adjustment of the barrier effect effectively counters the interference posed by ions in seawater, ensuring accurate detection. Furthermore, the sensor exhibits a promising recovery rate (99.62–104.9%) in real seawater samples, highlighting its practical applications. This innovative approach utilizing the photo-assisted adjustment barrier effect offers a promising path for developing electrochemical sensors that can withstand interference.

Using KOH-modified wheat straw as the precursor, wheat straw biochar was produced through carbonization at 500 °C. Subsequently, a synthetic material containing nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) was prepared via liquid phase reduction (nZVI-WSPC). To enhance its properties, chitosan (CTS) was used by crosslinking to form the new adsorbent named CTS@nZVI-WSPC. The impact of CTS on parameters such as mass ratio, initial pH value, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency of Cr(VI) in solution was investigated through one-factor experiments. Isotherm adsorption and thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) by CTS@nZVI-WSPC conforms to the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 147.93 mg/g, and the adsorption process is endothermic. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism, as elucidated by SEM, FTIR, XPS, and XRD, suggests that the process may involve multiple mechanisms, including pore adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, chemical reduction, and surface chelation. The adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) by CTS@nZVI-WSPC remains high after five cycles. The adsorbent is simple to operate, economical, efficient, and reusable, making it a promising candidate for the treatment of Cr(VI) in water.

Human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to biodiversity management. Compared with compensatory management, which often focuses on solving emergency conflicts, mitigation management allows decision-makers to better understand where the damage is distributed, how the species are distributed and when the species conduct their activity. Here, we integrated data collected from 90 districts/counties’ damage surveys and 1271 camera traps to understand the damage status, abundance, density and activity rhythms of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Zhejiang, Eastern China, from January 2019 to August 2023. We found that (1) wild boar–human conflicts were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest mountainous regions of Zhejiang Province; (2) the total abundance of wild boar was 115,156 ± 24,072 individuals, indicating a growing trend over the past decade and a higher density in the western and southern regions; (3) wild boar exhibited different activity patterns across different damage regions, and the periods around 7:00, 11:00 and 16:00 represented activity peaks for wild boar in seriously damaged regions. The damage distribution, density, distribution and activity rhythms provide specific priority regions and activity intensity peaks for conflict mitigation. We believe that these findings based on the damage, distribution and activity could provide a scientific basis for mitigation management at the county level and enrich the framework of human–wildlife conflict mitigation.

Unbonded flexible risers consist of several helical and cylindrical layers, which can undergo large bending deformation and can be installed in different configurations to adapt to harsh marine environments; thus, they can be applied to transport oil and gas resources from ultra-deep waters (UDW). Due to their special geometric characteristics, they can ensure sufficient axial tensile stiffness while having small bending stiffness, which can undergo large deflection bending deformation. In recent years, the development of unbonded flexible risers has been moving in an intelligent, integrated direction. This paper presents a review of unbonded flexible risers. Firstly, the form and properties of each interlayer of an unbonded flexible riser are introduced, as well as the corresponding performance and configuration characteristics. In recent years, the development of unbonded flexible risers has been evolving, and the development of machine learning on unbonded flexible risers is discussed. Finally, with emphasis on exploring the design characteristics and working principles, three new types of unbonded flexible risers, an integrated production bundle, an unbonded flexible riser with an anti-H2S layer, and an unbonded flexible riser with a composite armor layer, are presented. The research results show that: (1) the analytical methods of cross-sectional properties of unbonded flexible risers are solved based on ideal assumptions, and the computational accuracy needs to be improved. (2) Numerical methods have evolved from equivalent simplified models to models that account for detailed geometric properties. (3) Compared with ordinary steel risers, the unbonded flexible riser is more suitable for deep-sea resource development, and the structure of each layer can be designed according to the requirements of the actual environment.

The unbonded flexible riser has been increasingly applied in the ocean engineering industry to transport oil and gas resources from the seabed to offshore platforms. The slippage of helical layers, especially the tensile armor layers of unbonded flexible risers, contribute to the nonlinear hysteresis phenomenon, which is a research hotspot and difficulty. In this paper, on the basis of a typical eight-layer unbonded flexible riser model, the nonlinear slippage of a tensile armor layer and the corresponding nonlinear behavior of an unbonded flexible riser subjected to irregular external loads are studied by numerical modeling with detailed cross-sectional properties of the helical layers, and are verified through a theoretical method considering the coupled effect of the external loads on the unbonded flexible riser. Firstly, the balance equation of each layer considering the effect of external loads is established based on functional principles, and the overall theoretical model of the unbonded flexible riser is set up in consideration of the contact between adjacent layers. Secondly, the numerical modeling of each separate layer within the unbonded flexible riser, including the actual geometry of the carcass and pressure armor layer, is established, and solid elements are applied to all the interlayers, thus simulating the nonlinear contact and friction between and within interlayers. Finally, after verification through test data, the behavior of the unbonded flexible riser under the cyclic axial force, torsion, bending moment, and irregular external and internal pressure is studied. The results show that the tensile armor layer can slip under irregular loads. Additionally, some suggestions related to the analysis of unbonded flexible risers under irregular loads are drawn in the end.

Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste generated in the process of aluminum refinement. The recycling and reusing of RM have become urgent problems to be solved. To explore the feasibility of using RM in geotechnical engineering, this study combined magnesium oxide (MgO) (or calcium oxide (CaO)) with RM as an RM-based binder, which was then used to stabilize the soil. The physical, mechanical, and micro-structural properties of the stabilized soil were investigated. As the content of MgO or CaO in the mixture increased, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the RM-based cementitious materials first increased and then decreased. For the soils stabilized with RM–MgO or RM–CaO, the UCS increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum at RM:MgO = 5:5 or RM:CaO = 8:2. The addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) promoted the hydration reaction. The UCS enhancement ranged from 8.09% to 66.67% for the RM–MgO stabilized soils and 204.6% to 346.6% for the RM–CaO stabilized soils. The optimum ratio of the RM–MgO stabilized soil (with NaOH) was 2:8, while that of the RM–CaO stabilized soil (with NaOH) was 4:6. Freeze–thaw cycles reduced the UCS of the stabilized soil, but the resistance of the stabilized soil to freeze–thaw erosion was significantly improved by the addition of RM–MgO or RM–CaO, and the soil stabilized with RM–MgO had better freeze–thaw resistance than that with RM–CaO. The hydrated magnesium silicate generated by the RM–MgO stabilized soil and the hydrated calcium silicate generated by the RM–CaO stabilized soil helped to improve the UCS of the stabilized soil. The freeze–thaw cycles did not weaken the formation of hydration products in the stabilized soil but could result in physical damage to the stabilized soils. The decrease in the UCS of the stabilized soil was mainly due to physical damage.

Lignanoids are an active ingredient exerting powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of many diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of the resource utilization of traditional Chinese medicine waste, Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson residue (MOR) waste biomass was used as raw material in this study, and a series of deep eutectic solvents (ChUre, ChAce, ChPro, ChCit, ChOxa, ChMal, ChLac, ChLev, ChGly and ChEG) were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of lignanoids from MORs. The results showed that the best conditions for lignanoid extraction were a liquid–solid ratio of 40.50 mL/g, an HBD-HBA ratio of 2.06, a water percentage of 29.3%, an extract temperature of 337.65 K, and a time of 107 min. Under these conditions, the maximum lignanoid amount was 39.18 mg/g. In addition, the kinetics of the extraction process were investigated by mathematic modeling. In our antioxidant activity study, high antioxidant activity of the lignanoid extract was shown in scavenging four different types of free radicals (DPPH, ·OH, ABTS, and superoxide anions). At a concentration of 3 mg/mL, the total antioxidant capacity of the lignanoid extract was 1.795 U/mL, which was equal to 0.12 mg/mL of Vc solution. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity study found that the lignanoid extract exhibited good antibacterial effects against six tested pathogens. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus exerted the strongest antibacterial activity. Eventually, the correlation of the lignanoid extract with the biological activity and physicochemical properties of DESs is described using a heatmap, along with the evaluation of the in vitro hypoglycemic, in vitro hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activity of the lignanoid extract. These findings can provide a theoretical foundation for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvents, as well as highlighting its specific significance in natural product development and utilization.

In civil aviation, severe weather conditions such as strong wind shear, crosswinds, and thunderstorms near airport runways often compel pilots to abort landings to ensure flight safety. While aborted landings due to wind shear are not common, they occur under specific environmental and situational circumstances. This research aims to accurately predict aircraft aborted landings using three advanced deep learning techniques: the conventional deep neural network (DNN), the deep and cross network (DCN), and the wide and deep network (WDN). These models are supplemented by various data augmentation methods, including the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE), KMeans-SMOTE, and Borderline-SMOTE, to correct the imbalance in pilot report data. Bayesian optimization was utilized to fine-tune the models for optimal predictive accuracy. The effectiveness of these models was assessed through metrics including sensitivity, precision, F1-score, and the Matthew Correlation Coefficient. The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) algorithm was then applied to the most effective models to interpret their results and identify key factors, revealing that the intensity of wind shear, specific runways like 07R, and the vertical distance of wind shear from the runway (within 700 feet above runway level) were significant factors. The results of this research provide valuable insights to civil aviation experts, potentially revolutionizing safety protocols for managing aborted landings under adverse weather conditions, thereby improving overall airport efficiency and safety.

Liquid metal (LM) is widely used in flexible electronic devices due to its excellent metallic conductivity and ductility. However, the fabrication of LM flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and linearity is still a huge challenge, since the resistance of LM does not change much with strain. Here, a highly sensitive and linear fully flexible strain sensor with a resistive sensing function is proposed. The sensor comprises an Fe-doped liquid metal (Fe-LM) electrode for enhanced performance. The design and manufacturing of flexible strain sensors are based on the technology of controlling surface wettability by femtosecond laser micro/nano-processing. A supermetalphobic microstructure is constructed on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate to achieve the selection adhesion of Fe-LM on the PDMS substrate. The Fe-LM-based flexible strain sensor has high sensitivity and linearity, a gauge factor (GF) up to 1.18 in the strain range of 0–100%, excellent linearity with an R2 of 0.9978, a fast response time of 358 ms, and an excellent durability of more than 2400 load cycles. Additionally, the successful monitoring of human body signals demonstrates the potential of our developed flexible strain sensor in wearable monitoring applications.

In the iron and steel industry, evaluating the energy utilization efficiency (EUE) and determining the optimal energy matching mode play an important role in addressing increasing energy depletion and environmental problems. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steelmaking is a typical short crude steel production route, which is characterized by an energy-intensive fast smelting rhythm and diversified raw charge structure. In this paper, the energy model of the EAF steelmaking process is established to conduct an energy analysis and EUE evaluation. An association rule mining (ARM) strategy for guiding the EAF production process based on data cleaning, feature selection, and an association rule (AR) algorithm was proposed, and the effectiveness of this strategy was verified. The unsupervised algorithm Auto-Encoder (AE) was adopted to detect and eliminate abnormal data, complete data cleaning, and ensure data quality and accuracy. The AE model performs best when the number of nodes in the hidden layer is 18. The feature selection determines 10 factors such as the hot metal (HM) ratio and HM temperature as important data features to simplify the model structure. According to different ratios and temperatures of the HM, combined with k-means clustering and an AR algorithm, the optimal operation process for the EUE in the EAF steelmaking under different smelting modes is proposed. The results indicated that under the conditions of a low HM ratio and low HM temperature, the EUE is best when the power consumption in the second stage ranges between 4853 kWh and 7520 kWh, the oxygen consumption in the second stage ranges between 1816 m3 and 1961 m3, and the natural gas consumption ranges between 156 m3 and 196 m3. Conversely, under the conditions of a high HM ratio and high HM temperature, the EUE tends to decrease, and the EUE is best when the furnace wall oxygen consumption ranges between 4732 m3 and 5670 m3, and the oxygen consumption in the second stage ranges between 1561 m3 and 1871 m3. By comparison, under different smelting modes, the smelting scheme obtained by the ARM has an obvious effect on the improvement of the EUE. With a high EUE, the improvement of the A2B1 smelting mode is the most obvious, from 24.7% to 53%. This study is expected to provide technical ideas for energy conservation and emission reduction in the EAF steelmaking process in the future.

Certain microalgal species can grow with different trophic strategies depending on the availability of nutrient resources. They can use the energy from light or an organic substrate, or both, and can therefore be called autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs. We recently isolated a microalgal strain from the microplastic biofilm, which was identified as Auxenochlorella protothecoides, AS-1. Strain AS-1 grew rapidly in bacterial culture media and exhibited different growth rates and cell sizes under different trophic conditions. We compared the growth performance of AS-1 under the three different trophic modes. AS-1 reached a high biomass (>4 g/L) in 6 days under mixotrophic growth conditions with a few organic carbons as a substrate. In contrast, poor autotrophic growth was observed for AS-1. Different cell sizes, including daughter and mother cells, were observed under the different growth modes. We applied a Coulter Counter to measure the size distribution patterns of AS-1 under different trophic modes. We showed that the cell size distribution of AS-1 was affected by different growth modes. Compared to the auto-, hetero- and mixotrophic modes, AS-1 achieved higher biomass productivity by increasing cell number and cell size in the presence of organic substrate. The mechanisms and advantages of having more mother cells with organic substrates are still unclear and warrant further investigations. The work here provides the growth information of a newly isolated A. protothecoides AS-1 which will be beneficial to future downstream applications.

Exploring the evolution of vegetation cover and its drivers in the Ferghana Basin helps to understand the current ecological status of the Ferghana Basin and to analyze the vegetation changes and drivers, with a view to providing a scientific basis for regional ecological and environmental management and planning. Based on GIMMS NDVI3g and meteorological data, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of NDVI were analyzed from multiple perspectives with the help of linear trend and Mann–Kendall (MK) test methods using arcgis and the R language spatial analysis module, combined with partial correlation coefficients and residual analysis methods to analyze the impacts of climate change and human activities on the regional vegetation cover of the Ferghana Basin from 1982 to 2015. NDVI driving forces. The results showed the following: (1) The growing season of vegetation NDVI in the Ferghana Basin showed an increasing trend in the 34-year period, with an increase rate of 0.0044/10a, and the spatial distribution was significantly different, which was high in the central part of the country and low in the northern and southern parts of the country. (2) Temperature and precipitation simultaneously co-influenced the vegetation NDVI growth season, with most of the temperature and precipitation contributing in the spring, most of the temperature in the summer being negatively phased and the precipitation positively correlated, and most of the temperature and precipitation in the fall inhibiting vegetation NDVI growth. (3) The combined effect of climate change and human activities was the main reason for the overall rapid increase and great spatial variations in vegetation NDVI in China, and the spatial distribution of drivers, namely human activities and climate change, contributed 44.6% to vegetation NDVI in the growing season. The contribution of climate change and human activities to vegetation NDVI in the Ferghana Basin was 62.32% and 93.29%, respectively. The study suggests that more attention should be paid to the role of human activities and climate change in vegetation restoration to inform ecosystem management and green development.

This is a paper in the field of metallurgical engineering. High-end titanium products, metallic titanium and chlorinated titanium dioxide, are of great strategic significance to economic development and national security.TiCl4 is an intermediate for the production of high-end titanium products. The main industrial production methods are molten salt chlorination and boiling chlorination. The titanium resources in our country contain high Ca and Mg impurities, which are more suitable for the production of TiCl4 by the molten salt chlorination method.However, there is a large amount of residue of molten salt chlorination generated, which has complex components and is difficult to be recycled. Direct discharge of those residue will pollute the environment and waste resources.This paper systematically analyzes the research status and development trends of comprehensive treatments of residue of molten salt chlorination at home and abroad.It is pointed out thatdeep burial and accumulation after lime neutralization treatment of residue of molten salt chlorination cannot solve the environmental pollution problem.The water solution treatment can specifically recover certain substances in the filtrate, but the amount of wastewater is large, and the removal of impurities is difficult. Additionally, the process flowsof those water solution treatmentsare always complicated, and there is no effective utilization of the filter residue. The non-water-soluble methods have unique development advantages, among which the method of high-temperature phase transformation is a promising treatment, which could recycle and utilize the residue of molten salt chlorination at high temperature without coolingand water dissolution, quite reducing the amount of wastewater, environmental pollution,and resources loss.