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Els docents poden contribuir a l'adquisició de competències per construir un món més sostenible integrant la sostenibilitat en els cicles formatius. La nova llei de Formació Professional (FP) inclou un mòdul de sostenibilitat, destacant la importància d'aquesta integració per satisfer les necessitats formatives de la societat i el sector empresarial. Aquest treball proposa orientar al professorat d'FP i Educació Secundària Obligatòria (ESO) per a integrar amb una visió holística les competències transversals de "Pensament Crític" (PC) i "Sostenibilitat i Compromís Social" (SiCS) en les seves assignatures, mitjançant una activitat d'aprenentatge activa per a debatre controvèrsies soci-científiques. Es realitza una enquesta a estudiants del Màster i cicles formatius sobre la introducció de la sostenibilitat en la formació. Palabras clave: Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible, Visión Holística, Debate, Competencias Transversales, Pensamiento Crítico, Compromiso Social, Sostenibilidad.

OBJECTIVES: Front-of-pack warning labels may reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, potentially mitigating negative health outcomes. Comparisons between different warning label types to inform future research and policy directions are lacking. This study compared 27 warning labels across six message types for their potential to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. DESIGN AND METHODS: A national sample of regular soda (n = 2578) and juice (n = 1048) consumers aged 14-60 years participated in an online survey. Participants evaluated randomly allocated labels; one from each of six warning label sets (health-graphic, sugar-pictogram, sugar-text, exercise equivalents, health-text, energy information) on four measures of perceived effectiveness (PE: overall effectiveness, discourage from drinking, emotional response, persuasive potential). Participants could also provide open comments. A general linear model compared differences in mean scores across label sets for each measure of PE. RESULTS: PE ratings differed significantly between label sets. Labels clearly quantifying sugar content (sugar-teaspoons) received consistently high PE ratings, whereas 'high in sugar' labels did not. Health-graphic labels were rated highly across all PE measures except persuasive potential. Exercise labels only rated highly on persuasive potential. Health-text results were mixed, and energy labels were consistently low. CONCLUSIONS: Simple, factual labels were easily interpreted and perceived as most effective. Labels quantifying sugar content were consistently high performers and should be advanced into policy to help decrease overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Background Resection of the contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor represents the standard of care in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. However, some tumors ultimately diagnosed as glioblastoma lack contrast enhancement and have a ‘low-grade appearance’ on imaging (non-CE glioblastoma). We aimed to (a) volumetrically define the value of non-CE tumor resection in the absence of contrast enhancement, and to (b) delineate outcome differences between glioblastoma patients with and without contrast enhancement. Methods The RANO resect group retrospectively compiled a global, eight-center cohort of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma per WHO 2021 classification. The associations between postoperative tumor volumes and outcome were analyzed. Propensity score-matched analyses were constructed to compare glioblastomas with and without contrast enhancement. Results Among 1323 newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, we identified 98 patients (7.4%) without contrast enhancement. In such patients, smaller postoperative tumor volumes were associated with more favorable outcome. There was an exponential increase in risk for death with larger residual non-CE tumor. Accordingly, extensive resection was associated with improved survival compared to lesion biopsy. These findings were retained on a multivariable analysis adjusting for demographic and clinical markers. Compared to CE glioblastoma, patients with non-CE glioblastoma had a more favorable clinical profile and superior outcome as confirmed in propensity score analyses by matching the patients with non-CE glioblastoma to patients with CE glioblastoma using a large set of clinical variables. Conclusions The absence of contrast enhancement characterizes a less aggressive clinical phenotype of IDH-wildtype glioblastomas. Maximal resection of non-CE tumors has prognostic implications and translates into favorable outcome.

BACKGROUND: Resection of the contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor represents the standard of care in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. However, some tumors ultimately diagnosed as glioblastoma lack contrast enhancement and have a 'low grade appearance' on imaging (non-CE glioblastoma). We aimed to (I) volumetrically define the value of non-CE tumor resection in the absence of contrast enhancement, and to (II) delineate outcome differences between glioblastoma patients with and without contrast enhancement. METHODS: The RANO resect group retrospectively compiled a global, eight-center cohort of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma per WHO 2021 classification. The associations between post-operative tumor volumes and outcome were analyzed. Propensity score-matched analyses were constructed to compare glioblastomas with and without contrast enhancement. RESULTS: Among 1323 newly diagnosed IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, we identified 98 patients (7.4%) without contrast enhancement. In such patients, smaller post-operative tumor volumes were associated with more favourable outcome. There was an exponential increase in risk for death with larger residual non-CE tumor. Accordingly, extensive resection was associated with improved survival compared to lesion biopsy. These findings were retained on a multivariable analysis adjusting for demographic and clinical markers. Compared to CE glioblastoma, patients with non-CE glioblastoma had more favourable clinical profile and superior outcome as confirmed in propensity score analyses by matching the patients with non-CE glioblastoma to patients with CE glioblastoma using a large set of clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of contrast enhancement characterizes a less aggressive clinical phenotype of IDH-wildtype glioblastomas. Maximal resection of non-CE tumors has prognostic implications and translates into favourable outcome.

Objective: The study aims to investigate the interplay between formal and non-formal education and their cumulative impact on the character development of Minke, a central figure in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Buru Tetralogy. Method: Drawing upon a comprehensive analysis of the tetralogy, the research meticulously examines Minke's educational experiences within and outside the institutionalized academic framework. By categorizing and evaluating his cognitive skills, linguistic proficiencies, and cultural identities acquired through formal education, juxtaposed with his extracurricular engagements and interactions outside the school, the study provided a nuanced portrayal of Minke's holistic learning journey. Results: The findings underscore the pivotal role of both formal and non-formal educational paradigms in shaping Minke's multifaceted persona. While formal education endows Minke with foundational skills and introduces him to European intellectual traditions, non-formal experiences enrich his character by exposing him to diverse societal challenges, fostering critical thinking, and nurturing a voice against colonial oppression. The synergistic integration of these educational modalities emerges as instrumental in molding Minke into a discerning, empathetic, and critically astute individual, distinctively depicted across the tetralogical narratives. Novelty: Contrary to prior singular emphases on formal or non-formal education, this research presents a holistic exploration that underscores the complementary nature of both educational realms in character development. The nuanced analysis provides fresh insights into the transformative potential of integrating diverse educational experiences, emphasizing their collective influence on individual and societal narratives as depicted in literary representations.

Objective: The research investigates the relationship between participation in colonial education and the emergence of nationalism in Indonesia. To better understand this relationship, it mainly analyzes the main character's portrayal of Pramoedya A. Toer's novel, This Earth of Mankind (1990). Method: The study uses a literary analytical approach to explore and interpret the main character's experiences and reactions within the colonial educational system as depicted in the novel. Results: The research concludes that merely undergoing colonial education does not directly lead to the rise of nationalism in Indonesia. Instead, individuals' complex and subjective experiences within this system, particularly navigating identity amidst challenges, foster nationalist sentiments. The protagonist's journey, as depicted in the novel, showcases how these subjective experiences contribute to developing nationalist feelings. Novelty: A distinctive aspect of the study is its emphasis on subjectivity, highlighting how individuals can autonomously and uniquely respond to challenging situations. The research also offers a nuanced perspective on the influence of colonial education on the growth of nationalism in Indonesia, addressing gaps in existing literature and building upon Viswanathan's (1989) inquiry into the mechanisms through which colonial education impacts nationalist sentiments.

Rainfall-induced landslides are common natural hazards, particularly in cases involving unsaturated soils. Slope instability issues may arise due to extreme climate events, while, creep effects can also contribute to landslide problems. In this study, a modified ViscoElastic-ViscoPlastic constitutive model is developed to more accurately characterise the mechanical properties of unsaturated loess, considering stress-level dependency of stiffness and creep properties. In addition, to better characterise the collapsibility of loess, the relationship between strengths and matric suction has been introduced. The infiltration process of an unsaturated porous medium is illustrated by the Van Genuchten model and the generalized Darcy’s law. Additionally, the atmospheric boundary condition is incorporated in the numerical simulations, considering factors such as runoff generation and various climate events. In the context of slope stability analysis, a numerical approach has been developed to determine the safety factor of the slopes, by using displacement changes as the key assessment criterion. A good agreement between numerical and analytical results has been observed, verifying the proposed approach to determining safety factor. Finally, in parametric analyses, the effects of creep and matric suction on safety factor have been identified. Slope stability of unsaturated loess slopes subjected to different rainfall intensities and rainfall durations has been studied. The maximum depth of the sliding part increases obviously when considering the contribution of creep deformations, which is crucial in analysing slope stability., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This study focuses on the modelling of a gas injection experiment to assess the effects of incorporating heterogeneous material properties. The numerical model considers a two-phase flow coupled hydro-mechanical problem, and includes embedded fractures that open with deformation, thereby enhancing permeability. The approach used is integrated in the CODE_BRIGHT software, which allows for the consideration of geomaterials with a spatially correlated heterogeneous field of porosity that follows a normal distribution. This spatial correlation can be either isotropic or anisotropic. A key aspect of this approach is that material properties such as intrinsic permeability, diffusivity or cohesion are defined as a function of porosity. Consequently, these properties also exhibit heterogeneity with spatial correlation and, eventually, anisotropy. The results derived from the numerical model align well with in-situ measurements. The study also includes sensitivity analyses to the variation of critical variables. The calibration of the model has been validated through a similar experiment. The findings indicate that the consideration of heterogeneous material properties can have a significant influence on gas injection problems, particularly when a hydraulic fracture is formed., This research was supported by ANDRA through the DECOVALEX Project and by the CODE_BRIGHT Project (CIMNE, International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering). The second author was supported by a CSC scholarship (No. 202008390058)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)